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sarCevi

I. mtkicebulebiTi samarTlis ZiriTadi principebi .....................................................................................6

1. mtkicebulebaTa Segrovebis saWiroeba ............. 6

a) mosarCelis mier miTiTebuli faqtobrivi garemoebebis sakmarisoba ........................................... 6

b) mopasuxis Secileba ..................................................... 8

g) gansakuTrebuli SemTxvevebi, sadaczedmetia mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba .......................................10

d) daskvna ........................................................................11

2. mtkicebis tvirTis ganawileba ......................... 12

a) mtkicebis tvirTis ganawileba ..................................12

aa. principi .....................................................................12

bb. mtkicebis tvirTis Sebruneba .................................12

gg. mtkicebis tvirTis Semsubuqeba (aSkara, udavo mtkicebuleba) ............................................................14

b) mosamarTlis miTiTeba arasakmarisi an aranairi mtkicebulebis wardgenisas ......................................15

g) mtkicebis tvirTis ganawilebis mniSvneloba gadawyvetilebisaTvis ...............................................16

3. mtkicebulebaTa saxeebi da maTi Segroveba ............................................................. 16

a) mtkicebulebaTa saxeebi ............................................16

aa. werilobiTi mtkicebuleba (sssk-is 134-139-e muxlebi) ......................................................................16

aaa. gansxvaveba xelmoweril da xelmouwerel werilobiT mtkicebulebebs Soris ......................17

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bbb. xelmowerili werilobiTi mtkicebulebis namdvilobis varaudi ...........................................19

ggg. mtkicebis tvirTis ganawileba sabuTis arasrulyofilebaze an manipulaciaze miTiTebisas ...........................................................21

bb. mowmeebi (sssk-is 140-153-e muxlebi) ......................23

gg. eqsperti (sssk-is 162-176-e muxlebi) .....................24

dd. nivTieri mtkicebuleba (sssk-is 154-161-e muxlebi) ...............................................25

ee. procesSi monawile pirTa axsna- ganmartebebi (sssk-is 127-133-e muxlebi) ................26

b. mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba .......................................26

g. mtkicebulebebis Segrovebis Taobaze Suamdgomlobis ardakmayofileba ............................27

4. mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba ................................. 28

a. mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba sasamarTlos Sinagani rwmenis safuZvelze ...................................................28

b. rogor unda moiqces mosamarTle konkretul SemTxvevaSi .............................................29

II. savarjiSo kazusebi................................................................. 36

kazusi №1 ......................................................................................... 36

rogor unda moiqces mosamarTle am SemTxvevaSi? ........................................................ 42

I nabiji — sasarCelo moTxovnis samarTlebrivi safuZvlis moZebna .....................................................42

II nabiji — mosarCelis axsna-ganmartebis

Semowmeba ......................................................................43

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III nabiji — mopasuxis axsna-ganmartebis Semowmeba .....................................................................44

IV nabiji — mtkicebis tvirTis sakiTxis garkveva .......45

V nabiji — mtkicebulebebis Segroveba........................45

VI nabiji — mowmeTa Cvenebebis Sefaseba ......................50

sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis samotivacio nawilis nimuSi ......................................................... 53

kazusi №2: ........................................................................................ 56

rogor unda moiqces mosamarTle am SemTxvevaSi? ........................................................ 61

I nabiji — sasarCelo moTxovnis samarTlebrivi safuZvlis moZebna ..........................61

II nabiji — mosarCelis axsna-ganmartebis Semowmeba .....................................................................61

III nabiji — mopasuxis axsna-ganmartebis Semowmeba .....................................................................62

IV nabiji — mtkicebis tvirTis sakiTxis garkveva: ......................................................................62

V nabiji — mtkicebulebebis Segroveba: .......................63

VI nabiji — mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba ..........................67

sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis samotivacio nawilis nimuSi ........................................................ 71

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Tomas hermani

mtkicebulebiTi samarTali(konspeqti)

I. mtkicebulebiTi samarTlis ZiriTadi principebi

samarTlebrivi davisas samoqalaqo saqmeTa mosamar-Tles, upirveles yovlisa, ori amocana aqvs dasaZlevi: pirvel rigSi, man unda gamoarkvios, Tu ra moxda sinam-dvileSi, rac xSirad arc ise iolia, vinaidan umetesad imis garda, rom mosarCelis Cveneba ar aris mkafio da saWiroebs gamorkvevas, igi ar emTxveva mopasuxis Cvene-bas; Semdgom mosamarTlem samarTlebrivad unda Seafasos faqtobrivi garemoebebi da daadginos, arsebobs Tu ara sasarCelo moTxovnis safuZveli.

mtkicebulebiTi samarTali gansazRvravs, (1) Tu rodis unda Seagrovos mosamarTlem mtkicebulebebi, (2) vin unda warmoadginos mtkicebuleba, (3) ra saxiT unda moxdes es yovelive da (4) rogor unda Seafasos mosamarTlem war-modgenili mtkicebulebebi.

1. mtkicebulebaTa Segrovebis saWiroeba

a) mosarCelis mier miTiTebuli faqtobrivi garemoebebis sakmarisoba

mosarCelem sasamarTlos unda miuTiTos yvela im gare-moebaze, romlebic kanonis mixedviT asabuTebs sasarCelo moTxovnas. Tu mosarCelis mier miTiTebuli faqtobrivi garemoebebi ver akmayofilebs aRniSnul moTxovnas, maSin sarCeli ukve amis safuZvelzeve ar unda dakmayofildes. aseT SemTxvevaSi mosamarTles ar aqvs ufleba, sakuTari iniciativiT moiZios sasarCelo moTxovnis damadasture-

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beli garemoebebi da Seagrovos mtkicebulebebi.

ufro konkretulad: moTxovna arsebobs mxolod maSin, rodesac mocemulia kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli winapiro-bani, anu normis Semadgeneli elementebi. magaliTad, ssk-is 648-e da 649-e muxlebis mixedviT, xelosanma SeTanxme-buli safasuri SeiZleba moiTxovos mxolod mas Semdeg, roca igi Seasrulebs Tavis samuSaos da damkveTi miiRebs mas. Tu damkveTi safasurs ar ixdis da xelosans surs mim-arTos sasamarTlos, maSin man Tavis sarCelSi unda miuTi-Tos im garemoebebze, rom:

- man SemkveTTan dado nardobis xelSekruleba, roml-iTac SeTanxmda sazRauris odenoba;

- man samuSao Seasrula;

- SemkveTma miiRo Sesrulebuli samuSao.

Tu xelosani ver moaxsenebs sasamarTlos yvela zemoT CamoTvlili garemoebis arsebobis Sesaxeb, maSin mas, mis-ive axsna-ganmartebidan gamomdinare, ar ekuTvnis sazRau-ri. aseTi SemTxvevaa, magaliTad, roca xelosani sasamarT-los ganucxadebs, rom man SemkveTTan dado xelSekruleba, magram samuSaos Sesruleba jer ar dauwyia. am SemTxvevaSi mosamarTlem yovelgvari mtkicebulebis Segrovebis ga-reSe ar unda daakmayofilos sarCeli.

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, mosamarTlem upirveles yovlisa, unda gamoarkvios, Tu ra winapirobebs iTvalis-winebs kanoni sasarCelo moTxovnis arsebobisaTvis. amis Semdeg ki man unda Seamowmos, miuTiTebs Tu ara mosarCele Tavis sarCelSi im garemoebebze, romlebic akmayofileben kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul yvela winapirobas. Tu sarCelSi miTiTebuli faqtebi sakmarisi ar aris, maSin mosamarTle ukve am safuZvliTve ar daakmayofilebs sarCels.

mosamarTles SeuZlia, aseTi gadawyvetileba Semdegnai-rad daasabuTos:

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„sarCeli ar dakmayofildeba. mosarCeles ar aqvs ufleba, moiTxovos mopasuxisagan SeTanxmebuli gasam-rjelos gadaxda. ssk-is 648-e da 649-e muxlebis mixed-viT, aRniSnuli moTxovnis arsebobis winapirobaa mo-sarCelisa da mopasuxes Soris nardobis xelSekrulebis arseboba, sadac SeTanxmebulia sazRauris is odenoba, razedac mosarCele miuTiTebs, garda amisa, mosarCe-lis mier xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli samuSaos Sesruleba da mopasuxis mier Sesrulebuli samuSaos miReba. mosarCeles dasabuTebulad ar ganucxadebia aR-niSnuli winapirobebis arsebobis Sesaxeb. marTalia, mo-sarCele acxadebs, rom mas mopasuxesTan dadebuli aqvs nardobis xelSekruleba, magram mis ganmartebebSi ar Cans, rom man ukve Seasrula samuSao da mopasuxem miiRo igi. maSin, rodesac ukve mosarCeles axsna-ganmartebis mixedviT gamoiricxeba moTxovnis arseboba, Sesabamisi mtkicebulebis amoReba saWiro aRar aris”.

b) mopasuxis Secileba

Tu mosarCelis wardginebaSi miTiTebulia yvela im garemoebaze, romlebic kanonis mixedviT adastureben misi moTxovnis arsebobas, maSin ukve mopasuxezea damokidebu-li, moiTxovs, Tu ara, mosamarTle mtkicebulebebis Seg-rovebas.

Tu mopasuxe daeTanxmeba mosarCelis mier wardgenil faqtobriv garemoebebs an Tu man aRniSnulTan dakavSire-biT aranairi azi ar gamoTqva (rac faqtobrivad niSnavs, rom igi am garemoebebs ar xdis sadavod), maSin mosamar-Tles am garemoebebTan dakavSirebiT aRar sWirdeba mt-kicebulebaTa Segroveba. udavo faqtobrivi garemoebebi miiCneva namdvilad.

magaliTi: Tu mopasuxe daeTanxmeba im faqts, rom man mosarCelesTan dado nardobis xelSekruleba, aseve imas, rom mosarCelem ukve Seasrula Tavisi samuSao, miiRo kidec igi da ganacxadebs, rom am droisaTvis mas ubralod

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Tanxa ar aqvs, rom gadaixados gasamrjelo, maSin mosamar-Tle aRar aris valdebuli, Seagrovos mtkicebulebebi, rameTu mopasuxis mier faqtebis aRiarebis gamo mosarCe-lis moxseneba simarTled iTvleba.

xolo Tu mopasuxe sadavod gaxdis mosarCelis mier mi-TiTebul garemoebebs, maSin mosamarTlem unda Seagrovos Sesabamisi mtkicebulebebi.

magaliTi: mosarCele amtkicebs, rom man mopasuxesTan dado xelSekruleba saxlis aSenebis Taobaze, romelic man ukve aaSena da mopasuxem Caibara kidec mis mier Sesrule-buli samuSao. mopasuxe ki acxadebs, rom saxli jer ar damTavrebula, vinaidan ar aris Casmuli kar-fanjara. am SemTxvevaSi mosamarTlem unda Seagrovos mtkicebuleba imis Taobaze, damTavrebulia Tu ara saxlis mSenebloba.

Tu mopasuxe sadavod xdis iseT garemoebas, romelic ar aris dakavSirebuli moTxovnis arsebobis kanoniT gaTval-iswinebul winapirobasTan, maSin es ar aris mniSvnelobis matarebeli da, amdenad, mosamarTles ar aqvs ufleba, aR-niSnuli garemoebis Taobaze Seagrovos mtkicebulebebi. sxva SemTxvevaSi, igi ewinaaRmdegeba sssk-is 104-e muxlis 1-li nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul normas, vinaidan aseTi garemoeba saqmisaTvis ar aris mniSvnelovani.

magaliTi: mosarCelis gancxadebiT, is da mopasuxe Se-Tanxmdnen imaze, rom mas unda aeSenebina saxli avtofar-exis gareSe. ori Tvis win dasrulda saxlis mSenebloba da mopasuxem Caibara kidec Sesrulebuli samuSao. am etapam-de mopasuxe eTanxmeba mosarCelis wardginebas, magram dasZens, rom mosarCelem avtofarexiani saxli aaSena. mo-pasuxis es gancxadeba saqmisaTvis umniSvneloa, vinaidan, mosarCelis wardginebis Tanaxmad, xelSekrulebis sagani iyo saxlis aSeneba avtofarexis gareSe, rac mopasuxes ar gauxdia sadavod. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, mosarCe-les, miuxedavad imisa, aSenda Tu ara avtofarexi, SeuZlia moiTxovos gasamrjelo Sesrulebuli samuSaosaTvis.

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aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom kanoni ar awesrigebs (praq-tikaSi xSirad arsebul) SemTxvevebs, rodesac mopasuxe mosarCelis ganmartebebTan dakavSirebiT aranair pozi-cias ar afiqsirebs anu ukomentarod tovebs maT da Ta-vis SesagebelSi mxolod sxva sakiTxebs exmaureba. aq is-mis kiTxva, Tu rogor unda moviqceT iseT SemTxvevebSi, rodesac mopasuxe arc edaveba da arc aRiarebs mosarCe-lis ganmartebebs? aq mosamarTles, upirvelesad, Seu-Zlia gamoiyenos sssk-is 222-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli kiTxvis dasmis ufleba. mas SeuZlia, hkiTxos mopasuxes misi poziciis Sesaxeb ama Tu im garemoebis Taobaze. Tu mopasuxe ar reagirebs mosamarTlis SekiTxvebze, maSin misi dumili unda CaiTvalos aRniSnuli garemoebebis aR-iarebad, vinaidan mxareebs evalebaT, srulad moaxsenon sasamarTlos saqmesTan dakavSirebuli faqtobrivi gare-moebebi da gamoxaton mosazreba sawinaaRmdego mxaris ganmartebebis Taobaze. xSir SemTxvevaSi, erT-erTi mxaris dumili Tavidanve CaiTvleba aRiarebad, Tuki mas hqon-da dro da saSualeba imisaTvis, rom gamoexata sakuTari pozicia. es xSirad gvxvdeba saqmis winaistoriis Txrobi-sas an im xelSekrulebis teqstsa da mis namdvilobasTan dakavSirebiT, romlis safuZvelze warmoqmnil samarTle-briv Sedegebzec daoben mxareebi. aseT SemTxvevebSi mo-samarTlis mier aRniSnul garemoebaTa udavod miCneva Seesabameba procesis ekonomiis princips. aseTi praqtika moqmedebs gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac mxares procesze hyavs warmomadgeneli advokatis saxiT, romelmac kargad icis, Tu ra aris mniSvnelovani samarTlebrivi davisas. Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom es sakiTxi marTlmsajulebisa da aseve mecnierebis farglebSi gansjas saWiroebs.

g) gansakuTrebuli SemTxvevebi, sadac zedmetia mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba

sssk-is 106-e muxli iTvaliswinebs gansakuTrebul SemTxvevebs, rodesac ar aris saWiro mtkicebulebaTa Seg-roveba. mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba saWiro ar aris iseT