Sarah Phan-Budd, TIPP 2011 1 Construction of PVC Extrusions for NO A Near and Far Detectors Sarah...
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Transcript of Sarah Phan-Budd, TIPP 2011 1 Construction of PVC Extrusions for NO A Near and Far Detectors Sarah...
Sarah Phan-Budd, TIPP 2011 1
Construction of PVC Extrusions for NOA Near and Far Detectors
Sarah Phan-BuddArgonne National Lab
On Behalf of the NOA Collaboration
Sarah Phan-Budd, TIPP 2011 2
The NOA Experiment
• NuMI Off-Axis e Appearance Experiment
• 14kT Far Detector, 14mr off-axis, in Ash River MN– L=810 km E~=2GeV
• 220T Near Detector, at FNAL• Run for 6 years
– 3 years each of normal and reverse horn current running
• Goals
– Measurement of 13
– Determination of mass hierarchy via MSW effect
– Begin to localize CP
– Precise Measurement of sin2(223)
NOA FD Location
MINOSFD Location(On-axis)
NOA ND Location(FNAL)
Sarah Phan-Budd, TIPP 2011 3
The NOA Detectors
• FD: 65% Active Volume, 928 planes
• Planes consist of PVC extrusions w/15% TiO2 – Alternate vertical &
horizontal orientation
• Liquid Scintillator• PVC cell for primary
containment• Wavelength shifting
fiber• Avalanche Photodiode • Low noise amplifier
68 m
3.87cm
To 1 APD pixel
W D
typicalchargedparticle
path
L
To 1 APD pixel
W D
typicalchargedparticle
path
L 15.6m
6.00 cm
Sarah Phan-Budd, TIPP 2011 4
Near Detector on the Surface (NDOS)4
• Full test of construction techniques to create a working prototype near detector– PVC Extrusions – Module construction– Block construction– Electronics and Outfitting– DAQ and software
• Finished Winter/Spring 2010-2011• At the intersection of the FNAL NuMI and
Booster beams• Run Goals:
– Exercise calibration scheme– Benchmark MC– Demonstrate electron neutrino selection,
and cosmic and other background suppression
– Physics results
Sarah Phan-Budd, TIPP 2011 5
Creating PVC Extrusions for the Detectors
• Creating physics quality extrusions for the detectors has presented a number of challenges
• This talk covers:– PVC Resin and
Powder– Extruding – Quality Control
Sarah Phan-Budd, TIPP 2011 6
PVC Resin and Powder
• Created a custom PVC Resin for – NO27
• Designed with physics needs in mind– higher light yield: Use Anatase rather than Rutile
TIO2
– Maintain good tensile properties
PVC Extrusions and Light Yields
0.87
1.01
0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05
N24P(4/07)
N27(4/07)
Relative Light Yield
anatase
rutile
Sarah Phan-Budd, TIPP 2011 7
50
60
70
80
90
100
400 410 420 430 440 450 460 470 480 490 500
WAVELENGTH (nm)
NOVA-27
BASELINE
Reflectivity of Anatase compared to Rutile
Nova-27: anatase
Rutile sample from extrusion tests in 2005
RE
FL
EC
TIV
ITY
(%
)
Sarah Phan-Budd, TIPP 2011 8
Creating PVC Extrusions
• NO extrusions are made using a specially designed die and a designed extrusion line
• A prototype die was used and tested on NDOS extrusions
• This experience was used to create a final die for far detector extrusions
Sarah Phan-Budd, TIPP 2011 9
Prototype Extruder and Die
• Extruder– Krauss-Maffei (KMD-60) Twin
Screw– 60mm is the diameter each
screw• Extruder PVC output ~ 550
lbs/hour
Assembled Die with Heater Plates
Disassembled Die
Sarah Phan-Budd, TIPP 2011 11
Far Detector Extrusions
New KMD-90/32
Twice the throughput
New Dies, Calibrators and Cooling Tanks
Sarah Phan-Budd, TIPP 2011 12
Extrusion Quality Control
• A number of quality control tests are performed to ensure physics quality extrusions
• Measured properties• Mechanical: drop dart, tensile tests, pressure and
vacuum tests, creep• Reflectivity• Dimensional: camera, flatness measurements,
caliper measurements
Sarah Phan-Budd, TIPP 2011 13
QC Process
Camera measurements on every 6’’ sample
Dart Test
On every other 6’’ sample
Pressure Test
Reflectivity
On every other 6’’ sample
6” sample Full length extrusion
Isolated cell vacuum testDone on every extrusion
Tensile tests performed weekly from samples taken once per day. Test performed at ANL.
Creep samples created bi-weekly.
Sarah Phan-Budd, TIPP 2011 14 14
Pressure Tester
• Pressure tester pressurizes alternate cells.
• This tests internal webs and outer walls
Sarah Phan-Budd, TIPP 2011 15
Vacuum Tester
Vacuum test checks for Web knitting/buckling- for entire extrusion
Sarah Phan-Budd, TIPP 2011 16
Drop Dart Test
• Prototype version show (left)
• Production version (right)
• Fully automated testing Auto clamping and internal anvil should enhance consistency of results
Sarah Phan-Budd, TIPP 2011 17
Drop Dart Impact Results
Ductile and brittle failures along with separation along knit line
Brittle failure / fracture through “continuous” material
Relatively deep and shallow dimples prior to failure: good and poor ductility
Sarah Phan-Budd, TIPP 2011 18
Camera: Dimensional Measurements
• OGP metrology machine measures:– Flatness
(straightness)– web thickness/
location/ perpendicularity
– wall thickness– radii– Overall and individual
cell height– Width
Sarah Phan-Budd, TIPP 2011 19
Reflectivity
• Table top spectrophotometer – “non-specular” mode – Extended range to 360 nm
• Cutting fixture allows QC measurements of interior
• All measurements done at the Extruder
Sarah Phan-Budd, TIPP 2011 20
Light Yield
'XTR' barcodes
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Barcode Number
% o
f P
ho
ton
s
'XTR' barcodes
8485868788899091929394
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
REFL
ECTI
VITY
(%)
SAMPLES
500 nm
500 nm
82838485868788899091
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
REFL
ECTI
VITY
(%)
SAMPLES
420 nm
420 nm
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
REFL
ECTI
VITY
(%)
SAMPLES
360 nm
360 nm
Reflectivity measurements are taken at wavelengths from 340nm to 470nm and these are used to create a relative light yield using MC simulation
Sarah Phan-Budd, TIPP 2011 21
Mechanical Properties
• Modulus, Yield, Ultimate stress come from ASTM tensile test-daily at ANL
• Creep samples started every 2 weeks• Tensile test results can indicate knitting problems
Sarah Phan-Budd, TIPP 2011 22
Conclusions
• The detector is created using a novel technology of extruded PVC tubes filled with liquid scintillator
• In order to create physics quality extrusions, several new pieces had to be developed– New resin– Extruder dies and extruding technique– Quality control procedure
• Techniques have been prototyped and tested on the NDOS and extrusions are now being created for the far detector
Sarah Phan-Budd, TIPP 2011 25
A few of the Key Findings from R&D Experience
• PVC resin must be “Extrudable” in the Production Die– If PVC resin extrudes well in smaller dies or large dies with
thinner walls it does not follow that the same PVC will extrude in the Nova die
• NOvA dies require powerful extruder– Big extruders have long heating volumes
• Proper heating of PVC powder before it enters die– Residence time is key once inside the die
• PVC will decompose if exposed to high temperatures• Burning & sticking to die• Some narrow openings will get clogged
– Long distance to reach outside cells – Thick walls & webs require higher mass flow
• Extruding machine should operate at ~80% max capacity– Highest quality product
Sarah Phan-Budd, TIPP 2011 26
PVC Quality Control
QC DB
Reflectometer
Non-DB ready Data file
DB interface parses data and inputs into DB
Optical inspection system
Labview operator interface creates DB ready file
Impact
Labview operator interface creates DB ready file
Hand entered quantities
PVC, vacuum, weight, straightness, pressure
Non-DB ready Data file
Sarah Phan-Budd, TIPP 2011 27
Tensile Test Results
Typical Bad Results•Low total elongation, with lots of scatter.•Yield stress at or below 6000 psi.
Typical Good Results•Plots are consistent and very similar•Large total elongation, typically all over 30%, many going to 50%.•Yield Stress over 6000 psi.