Sarah Benson, NKF tekstilkonservator
Transcript of Sarah Benson, NKF tekstilkonservator
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Sarah Benson, NKF tekstilkonservator
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WHAT IS PLASTIC?
▪ Any material capable of being shaped or moulded
▪ Semi-synthetic material
▪ Synthetic material
▪ First recycle triangle made in 1988 (useful tool)
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WHAT IS PLASTIC?
▪ Any material capable of being shaped or moulded
▪ Semi-synthetic material
▪ Synthetic material
▪ First recycle triangle made in 1988 (useful tool)
![Page 4: Sarah Benson, NKF tekstilkonservator](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081405/62944e246190cb15a02f47bd/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
WHAT IS PLASTIC?
▪ Any material capable of being shaped or moulded
▪ Semi-synthetic material
▪ Synthetic material
▪ First recycle triangle made in 1988 (useful tool)
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Film
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FilmFoam
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FilmFoamSolid
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FilmFoamSolidElastic
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FilmFoamSolidElasticExtruded
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FilmFoamSolidElasticExtrudedAdhesives/coatings/paints
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▪ Majority:
▪ Poly (polymer/many) + base monomer used
▪ E.G. Polyethylene = poly + ethylene
Ethylene Polyethylene
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▪ Exceptions:
▪ A plastic that can refer to a category, not the specific plastic
▪ E.G. Polyester, any polymer with the ester functional group. Most common PET (polyethyleneterephthalate, more than one monomer
Polyethyleneterephthalate
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▪ First invention was a semi-synthetic in 1846
▪ ‘Gun cotton’ explosive, cellulose nitrate
▪ First synthetic was invented in 1907
▪ Bakelite, phenol-formaldehyde entirely man made
▪ Huge increase in technologies and manufacture during WWII
▪ Rayon, the replacement for silk
▪ No going back, plastic is everywhere
▪ Dozens of different groups and 1 000 of variables for dye additives, plasticisers, fillers, mixing materials, and on and on (nightmare to ID)
▪ One object could easily contain more than 10 different plastics
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▪ Every collection has plastic
▪ The object as plastic (history artefact, fine art artefact)
▪ Associated with the artefact (orginal packaging, inside fittings, finishings, even restorationor conservation treatments)
▪ They degrade differently and for the most part faster, than natural materials
▪ May need to be treated differently
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▪ Every collection has plastic
▪ The object as plastic (history artefact, fine art artefact)
▪ Associated with the artefact (orginal packaging, inside fittings, finishings, even restorationor conservation treatments)
▪ They degrade differently and for the most part faster, than natural materials
▪ May need to be treated differently
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Blooming and chalking Crazing, crumbling, brittleness
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Warping Discolouration
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▪ Assuming the plastic object is already in the collection, now what?
▪ What is most important?
▪ Identification (useful for historic purposes but mostly for keeping the object and the surrounding collection safe)
▪ Basic condition assessment to aid in ID, storage and handling
▪ Handling
▪ Registration
▪ Packing and storage, or exhibition
▪ Beyond saving and lost all significance, de-accession?
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PLASTIC MATERIAL ID
▪ In an ideal world
▪ Scientific equipment only 100% proof
▪ FTIR, chemical tests, etc. (Destructive to samples, expensive, extremely time consuming)
▪ Keep it realistic
▪ Basics for all collection managers
▪ Object date
▪ Look and appearance
▪ Is there a recycle code? Celebrate
▪ The end-use: raincoats, furniture, films and photographs
▪ Film cheat sheet:
https://plastic-en.tool.cultureelerfgoed.nl/tool
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PLASTIC MATERIAL ID
▪ In an ideal world
▪ Scientific equipment only 100% proof
▪ FTIR, chemical tests, etc. (Destructive to samples, expensive, extremely time consuming)
▪ Keep it realistic
▪ Basics for all collection managers
▪ Object date
▪ Look and appearance
▪ Is there a recycle code? Celebrate
▪ The end-use: raincoats, furniture, films and photographs
▪ Film cheat sheet:
https://archivesalberta.wordpress.com/tag/identifying-negatives/
https://plastic-en.tool.cultureelerfgoed.nl/tool
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▪ Assuming the plastic object is already in the collection, now what?
▪ What is most important
▪ Identification (useful for historic purposes but mostly for keeping the object and the surrounding collection safe)
▪ Basic condition assessment to aid in ID, storage and handling
▪Handling
▪Registration
▪ Packing and storage, or exhibition
▪ Beyond saving and lost all significance, de-accession?
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HANDLING AND REGISTRATION
▪ Nitrile gloves
▪ Stabilo pencil
▪ Input as much information as possible in online database, searchable
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HANDLING AND REGISTRATION
▪ Nitrile gloves
▪ Stabilo pencil
▪ Input as much information as possible in online database, searchable
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HANDLING AND REGISTRATION
▪ Nitrile gloves
▪ Stabilo pencil
▪ Input as much information as possible in online database, searchable
Accession photo from 1995 Photo from 2019 condition assessment
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▪ Assuming the plastic object is already in the collection, now what?
▪ What is most important
▪ Identification (useful for historic purposes but mostly for keeping the object and the surrounding collection safe)
▪ Basic condition assessment to aid in ID, storage and handling
▪ Handling
▪ Registration
▪Packing and storage, or exhibition
▪ Beyond saving and lost all significance, de-accession?
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▪ Prevention!
▪ The environment
▪ Low to no light
▪ Cool is always best, slows down the chemicalreactions
▪ Stable!
▪ Low humidity is generally best
▪ Materials
▪ Never place abosorbing materials in directcontact, e.g. never tissue paper (silke papir)
▪ Adsorbents for released acids
▪ Cellulose Nitrate and Cellulose Acetate
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▪ Prevention!
▪ The environment
▪ Low to no light
▪ Cool is always best, slows down the chemicalreactions
▪ Stable!
▪ Low humidity is generally best
▪ Materials
▪ Never place abosorbing materials in directcontact, e.g. never tissue paper (silke papir)
▪ Adsorbents for released acids
▪ Cellulose Nitrate and Cellulose Acetate
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▪ Prevention!
▪ The environment
▪ Low to no light
▪ Cool is always best, slows down the chemicalreactions
▪ Stable!
▪ Low humidity is generally best
▪ Materials
▪ Never place abosorbing materials in directcontact, e.g. never tissue paper (silke papir)
▪ Adsorbents for released acids
▪ Cellulose Nitrate and Cellulose Acetate
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Plastics suitable for direct contact Common names and materials
Polyethylene and polypropylene Sheet, foam, containers, corrugated sheets:
Tyvek, Plastazote, ziplock storage bags,
Correx, Ethafoam
Polyester and polyethylene terephthalate
(PET)
Sheet, containers and films: Melinex, Bondina,
Dacron
Polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE Sheets, Teflon, Fluon
Exception! For PVC objects Do NOT use polyethylene, pulls out the plasticisers
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Exception! For PVC objects Do NOT use polyethylene, pulls out the plasticisers
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Exception! For PVC objects Do NOT use polyethylene, pulls out the plasticisers
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Exception! For PVC objects Do NOT use polyethylene, pulls out the plasticisers
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Exception! For PVC objects Do NOT use polyethylene, pulls out the plasticisers
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▪ Cellulose Nitrate
▪ Hates: light, moisture and oxygen
▪ Degradation reaction forms nitric acid (acedic smell), highly flammable and self-igniting!
▪ Visually: internal cracks, crazing, bloom from additives and discolouration
▪ Storage requirements:
▪ Ventilation, cold, dry, adsorbents
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▪ Cellulose Nitrate
▪ Hates: light, moisture and oxygen
▪ Degradation reaction forms nitric acid (acedic smell), highly flammable and self-igniting!
▪ Visually: internal cracks, crazing, bloom from additives and discolouration
▪ Storage requirements:
▪ Ventilation, cold, dry, adsorbents
▪ Cellose Acetate
▪ Very similar to CN
▪ Degradation reaction forms acetic acid (vinegar smell), not flammable
▪ Requires less ventilation than CN
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▪ Cellulose Nitrate
▪ Hates: light, moisture and oxygen
▪ Degradation reaction forms nitric acid (acedic smell), highly flammable and self-igniting!
▪ Visually: internal cracks, crazing, bloom from additives and discolouration
▪ Storage requirements:
▪ Ventilation, cold, dry, adsorbents
▪ Cellose Acetate
▪ Very similar to CN
▪ Degradation reaction forms acetic acid (vinegar smell), not flammable
▪ Requires less ventilation than CN
▪ Plasticised Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
▪ Hates: light and heat
▪ Degradation reaction forms double bonds = stiff
▪ Shows yellowing and hardening, migration of additives to the surface = sticky
▪ Slightly higher RH than CN, avoid ALL absorbent materials (especially polystyrene, alsopolyethylene)
▪ Store as would display, cannot manipulate shape once plasticisers are gone
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▪ Cellulose Nitrate
▪ Hates: light, moisture and oxygen
▪ Degradation reaction forms nitric acid (acedic smell), highly flammable and self-igniting!
▪ Visually: internal cracks, crazing, bloom from additives and discolouration
▪ Storage requirements:
▪ Ventilation, cold, dry, adsorbents
▪ Cellose Acetate
▪ Very similar to CN
▪ Degradation reaction forms acetic acid (vinegar smell), not flammable
▪ Requires less ventilation than CN
▪ Plasticised Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
▪ Hates: light and heat
▪ Degradation reaction forms double bonds = stiff
▪ Shows yellowing and hardening, migration of additives to the surface = sticky
▪ Slightly higher RH than CN, avoid ALL absorbent materials (especially polystyrene, alsopolyethylene)
▪ Store as would display, cannot manipulate shape once plasticisers are gone
▪ Polyurethane (PU)
▪ Hates: oxygen
▪ Degradation reaction by oxidation and hydrolysis
▪ Shows yellowing, darkening and crumbling; can also be sticky
▪ Storage requirements:
▪ Cool store, low RH, if possible oxygen-free
▪ Store as would display, cannot manipulate shape once structure is gone
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▪ Cellulose Nitrate
▪ Hates: light, moisture and oxygen
▪ Degradation reaction forms nitric acid (acedic smell), highly flammable and self-igniting!
▪ Visually: internal cracks, crazing, bloom from additives and discolouration
▪ Storage requirements:
▪ Ventilation, cold, dry, adsorbents
▪ Cellose Acetate
▪ Very similar to CN
▪ Degradation reaction forms acetic acid (vinegar smell), not flammable
▪ Requires less ventilation than CN
▪ Plasticised Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
▪ Hates: light and heat
▪ Degradation reaction forms double bonds = stiff
▪ Shows yellowing and hardening, migration of additives to the surface = sticky
▪ Slightly higher RH than CN, avoid ALL absorbent materials (especially polystyrene, alsopolyethylene)
▪ Store as would display, cannot manipulate shape once plasticisers are gone
▪ Polyurethane (PU)
▪ Hates: oxygen
▪ Degradation reaction by oxidation and hydrolysis
▪ Shows yellowing, darkening and crumbling; can also be sticky
▪ Storage requirements:
▪ Cool store, low RH, if possible oxygen-free
▪ Store as would display, cannot manipulate shape once structure is gone
▪ Latex (natural rubber)
▪ Hates: oxygen
▪ Degradation reaction by oxidation and hydrolysis
▪ Shows yellowing, darkening and crumbling; can also be sticky
▪ Storage requirements: similar to PU
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PRONOUNCED DEAD
▪ Follow the same de-accessioningprotocol as usual
▪ Proper disposal
▪ E.G. Cellulose nitrate is flammable, must be disposed of through a chemicalremoval company
▪ Do NOT throw in the bin!
▪ Consider recycling if possible, rememberthe triangles and only single type plastic is recyclable (only PE, never PE bound to something else)
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PRONOUNCED DEAD
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▪ Plastics are part of our lives in every sense including art
▪ No more plastics ever! Unrealistic
▪ Go through the steps, aquire with full knowledge
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▪ https://plastic-en.tool.cultureelerfgoed.nl/tool
▪ https://www.modip.ac.uk/projects/curators-guide
▪ https://samlingsnett.no/bevaring-av-plast
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▪ Thank you for your attention and to all my colleagues past and present who helpedme in understanding the significance of plastics in museums
▪ Can always contact Bevaringstenestene for advice and help with your plasticartefacts