Saponification

Group 58

Soap:• Most soaps are water-soluble substances

which either sodium salts of fatty acids or potassium salts of fatty acids.

• Fatty acids are those carboxylic acid.• General formula for soap is: -RCOONa for sodium soap -RCOOK for potasssium soap

Saponification:

• Saponification is the process that is used for making soap.

• The process involved the reaction between the following:

-a concentrated alkaline solution acts as catalyst

-a fat or oil are hydrolysed• Any type of fat can be used.

Types of vegetable oil:

Coconut oil

Olive oil

Functions of soap:

• Cleasing property• Skin care and beauty propose• Aroma therapeutic

Procedures for making soap:

• lye is mixed with water in a well ventilated area. Remember to add the lye into the water. Not the water into lye.

• Stir gently until all the lye dissolved.• temperature must regulated to 100 degrees.• Place the lye water container in ice water bath

to cool.•

• When lye is cooling, you can melt your hard oils.

• add shea butter.• Then, mixed coconut oil and palm oil.• 1 table spoons of lavender herb if you wish to

have lavender

• fragrance.• And three teaspoon of lavender essential oil.• And add the olive oil.• Carefully pour lye water into the oils, and stir

gently.• Use the stick blender to save time mixing the

soap.

• Now add your essential oil and blend.• And add your herbs and blend again.• Make sure you line up your soap molt before

you begin.• Lastly, cut the soap into the shape that you

like.

Types of soap: