Sap Overview by Murali Krishna Nookella

7/29/2019 Sap Overview by Murali Krishna Nookella

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SAP Overview


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SAP?

Company

ERP Software package

R/2

R/3


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Why ERP

Integration

Best business practices

Standardization


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Why not ERP?

Complexity

Cost

Inflexibility


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SAP R/3 System Business Modules

Sales &

Distribution

Materials

Mgmt.

Production

Planning

Financial

Accounting

Controlling

Fixed Assets

Mgmt.

Quality

Mgmt.

Plant

Maintenance

Human

Resources

Workflow

Industry

Solutions

R/3Client / Server

ABAP/4 ProjectSystem

Logistical Financial


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R/3 System: Hardware/Software Views


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Typical Client Server Architectures

Central System

Two - tier

Distributed System

Two - tier

Client/Server

Three - tier

Client/Server

Multi-layer

Cooperative

Client/Server

Presentation Application Database


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Database andApplication

R/3 System ConfigurationsCentral System

SAP2-Tier Configuration 3-Tier Configuration Web-enabled

Presentation

Database,

Application,

Presentation Database

Application

Presentation

InternetTransaction

Service/WebService

In a central R/3 System configuration, one host is responsible for all processing

tasks.


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R/3 System ConfigurationsCentral Systems


Presentation

Database,

Application,


Application

Presentation

InternetTransaction

Service/WebService

Two tier R/3 System configurations are usually implemented using special

presentation servers that are responsible solely for formatting the graphical interface.

Many R/3 System users use PCs with Microsoft Windows installed, for example, as

presentation servers.


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An alternative two tier configuration is to install powerful desktop systems and to use

these for presentation and applications (two tier client/server). This type of

configuration is particularly useful for expensive applications (such as simulations) or

for software developers.



SAP

2-TierConfiguration 3-Tier Configuration Web-enabled

Presentation

Database,

Application,


Application

Presentation

InternetTransaction

Service/WebService


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In a three tier configuration, you use your own host for the three tiers. Using data

from the database server, several different application servers can operate at the same

time. To ensure that the load on individual servers is as even as possible and to

achieve optimal performance, you can use special application servers for individualapplication areas such as sales planning, distribution or financial accounting.




Presentation

Database,

Application,


Application

Presentation

InternetTransaction

Service/WebService


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Presentation

Database,

Application,


Application

Presentation

InternetTransaction

Service/WebService

To web enable the SAP Applications, a Web Server and an ITS (Internet Transaction

Server) are needed. The web service and the services for the ITS can run on one

server or on two dedicated servers. The presentation in this configuration is provided

by an Internet Browser. The new SAP Web platform is NetWeaver.


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Basis System: Three-Tier Computer Hierarchy

Input / Output

of data to users

Access to Dataase:(Read / Write data)

Central Database(Storage of all data)

Database

Application

Presentation

Processing of data

using application logic

Presentation of the

processed data to

the user


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Client/Server Overview

Client

Server

LAN/WAN

TCP / IP


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Client/Server Overview (Logical Structure)

Presentation

Data Storage

Application

Logic

Client

Server


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R

What does an R/3 Database Contain?

R/3System

database

Repository ObjectsRepository Objects

Customizing ObjectsCustomizing Objects

ClientClient ClientClient ClientClient

Global SettingsGlobal Settings


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R

What is a Client?

A client is an autonomous unit in the R/3 System withregard to commercial law, organization, and data.

ClientClient

UserMaster

Custom

izing

Application

userrecordsuserauthorization

client-dependentcustomizingdata

transactiondatamasterdata


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Common Client Roles

CUST

QTST

PROD

Development &Development &

CustomizingCustomizing

Quality AssuranceQuality Assurance

ProductionProduction

Configuring of client settings and

creation of new functionality

Functionality testing andverification of configuration

Productive activities and business

data


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Additional Client Roles

SAND

PPRD

SandboxSandbox

TestTest

TrainingTraining

Pre-productionPre-production

Sampling of customizing

transactions and settings

Testing of configuration settingswith data

Configured environment for the

load of legacy data prior to the

start of productive activities

TRNG End-user customer training

environment

TEST


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Sample SAP System Landscape

Development Testing Production

Database

Servers

Application

Servers

Presentation

Servers


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Object Migration

Program A

Table A

Screen A

Program A

Table A

Screen A

Program A

Table A

Screen A

Development QA Testing Production

Corrections and Transport


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Object Migration

Program A

Version 1

Program A

Version 1

Program A

Version 2

Program A

Version 2

Program A

Version 3

Program A

Version 3

Program A

Version 1

Program A

Version 1

Program A

Version 2

Program A

Version 2

Program A

Version 3

Program A

Version 3

Originals

Development QA Testing

Corrections

andTransport

?

?


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Geography-based Clients

R/3

America

R/3

Europe

R/3

Japan

America Client 010America Client 010

Japan Client 030Japan Client 030

Europe Client 020Europe Client 020


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Client Copies

Configuration

Development

Interface Testing

Quality Assurance

User Training


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ERP: Integration

Integrate people, data and business

processes within and between

organizations.

Collaboration, non-redundancy, consistencyand internal process optimization.


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Procurement ProcessOutline

Agreement

Demand

Purchase

Requisition Vendor

Purchase

OrderGoods Receipt

& Inventory Mgmt.

Accounts

PayableInvoice

Verification

Scheduling

Agreement


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Production Process

Goods Issue Shop Floor

Goods ReceiptOrder Settlement

Schedule/Release


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Sales Process Trading Goods

Customer Order Picking

Goods IssueBillingAccounts Receivable

Packing


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Sales Process Finished Goods

Customer Order

AvailabilityCheck

Goods Issue

BillingPartial PaymentFinal Payment


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Sales Process Finished Goods

Customer Order

Availability Check

- Insufficient -

IndependentDemand

MRP Run

Production

Scheduling

Purchasing

Dependent

Demand


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Process Flow

Goods Issue

to Shop Floor

Goods

Receipt

Production

Goods IssueBillingAccounts Receivable


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Logging In

Basics


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Client

This is a numeric field.

This number defines a whole business

entity.


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User

Every SAP user has a user name.

Users of SAP system are client-specific,which means that having a user

identification on one client will only allow

access to that particular client.


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Password Rules

Letters Numbers

Easy to remember

3-8 Characters long

No 3 Characters can be the same

Do not start with a ? or an !

Do not use previous 5 passwords


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Language

SAP supports multi-national character sets

and languages on the same system, at the

same time.

Default languages are English and

German.


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Field Types

There are three types of Entry Fields

Required

Default entry

Optional entry field


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Sessions

An SAP session is a window in which the

user may perform a particular task.

A User may have up to nine sessions

open at one time.

SAP R/3 Resource Management: The Dispatcher


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SAP R/3 Resource Management: The Dispatcher

Data base

Application

Presentation

BuffersWorkProcess

Work

Process

Work

Process

Dispatcher

SAP GUI

Communications

SAP R/3 Resource Management: Data Flow


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SAP Memory BufferSAP Memory Buffer

Relational database systemRelational database system

SAP GUISAP GUI

SAP R/3 Resource Management: Data Flow

Data base

Application

Presentation

Work

Process

Dispatcher

Terminal

Process

Request queuesRequest queues

11

33

22

44

55

66

77

Roll

Page

SAP R/3 R M t W k P


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SAP Dispatcher

SAP R/3 Resource Management: Work Processes

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1

1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8

1 9 20 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5

26 27 2 8 2 9 3 0 31

1999

Background Jobs

Spool

Enqueue

Dialog UpdateMessage

Sold to party: C100

ItemMaterial Qty1 0 6 30 1 10

2 0 6 41 2 103 0 1 50 7 25

O r d e r

Sold to party: C100

ItemMaterial Qty

1 0 6 30 1 102 0 6 41 2 103 0 1 50 7 25

O r d e r

Sold to party: C100

Item Material Qty1 0 6 30 1 1 0

2 0 6 41 2 1 03 0 1 50 7 2 5

O r d e r

Sold to party: C100

Item Material Qty

1 0 6 30 1 1 02 0 6 41 2 1 03 0 1 50 7 2 5

O r d e r

M

Gateway

R/2

R/3

G

AA

BB

CC

SAP R/3 Resource Management:


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SAP R/3 Resource Management:

Lock Management by the Enqueue Work Process

WorkProcess

Update

WorkProcess

Enqueue

Dispatcher

Work

Process

Update

Work

Process

Enqueue

Dispatcher

Lock table in

main storage

Message

Server

Instance A

Instance B

SAP R/3 Resource Management: R/3 Instance


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SAP R/3 Resource Management: R/3 Instance

Dialog . . . . Update Spool Back-ground Enqueue

Dispatcher

Database

Instance

Database

InstanceMessageServer

Message

Server SAPGateway

SAP

Gateway

Instance Profiles

(parameters)

Instance Profiles

(parameters)

SAP BuffersSAP Buffers

Startor

Stop

Start

or

Stop

Central

Instan

ce

SAP R/3 Resource Management: Distributed SAP R/3 Processing


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SAP R/3 Resource Management: Distributed SAP R/3 Processing

Dialog Update Enqueue Spool

Dispatcher

Mess-

age

Gate-

way

Instance 01

Enqueue Dialog . . .

Dispatcher

Instance 02

DialogBack-

groundEnqueue

Dispatcher

Instance 03


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Reporting

Three basic steps to running a report

Access the report Enter selection criteria

Execute the report


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System MessagesSystem Messages

E - Error

An invalid entry has been made.

The cursor moves to the field where the

error has occurred.

W - Warning

A possible error has been made.

The user can continue without changing.

I Information Feedback from the system.

Customizing Modeling the Business


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Customizing - Modeling the Business

Organizational Structures in each module

Master Data - Customers, Materials,

Rules - required entries, tolerances,


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Mapping

Assignment of organizational structures

to reflect the enterprise model

Establishes integration among modules

Sap Overview by Murali Krishna Nookella

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