SAP ABAP for Freshers and Experience

8/18/2019 SAP ABAP for Freshers and Experience

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Appendix

System architecture

Glossary

Navigation help for some SAP transactions

Contents

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The SAP GUI for ava

!"# transaction !"#!"#

ava

Applet GUIGUI

server server

$in C%%&$in C%%&

WebWeb browser browser

((virtual machinevirtual machine) 'TTP'TTP

server server

SS(

)!*

$or+ix&

The SAP GUI for Java allows access to an R! S"ste# w$tho%t re&%$r$n' an" a$t$onal

enhance#ents or evelo#ents*

The Java alet can +e e,ec%te +" an" v$rt%al #ach$ne* The GUI loo.s e,actl" the sa#e as $n the

SAP GUI an oes not loo. l$.e an Internet a'e*

The /TTP an GUI servers #%st +e r%nn$n' on the sa#e host s$nce the Java alet #a" onl"

co##%n$cate w$th the #ach$ne fro# wh$ch $t was loae*

o% sho%l cons$er s"ste# sec%r$t" when "o% %se th$s strate'"2

Use SS3 to ens%re that the Java alet reall" oes co#e fro# the server to wh$ch "o% want to

connect*

Co##%n$cat$on +etween the Java alet an the GUI server $s sec%re +eca%se the co#onents

were eveloe w$th 4r+$, fro# I4A Technolo'$es* 4r+$, $s a co#lete $#le#entat$on ofthe Co##on 4+6ect Re&%est 7ro.er Arch$tect%re (C4R7A) fro# the 4+6ect ana'e#ent

Gro% (4G)* o% can %se 4r+$, to evelo $str$+%te al$cat$ons that %se o+6ect-or$ente

cl$entserver technolo'"*

The GUI server w$ll +e ava$la+le for UI9 an :$nows T*

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SAP !"# System Architecture

NC server

PC"

,or-station

../'

i1df2030i1df2030

T30T30

Presentation

Application

Database

4xternal

system

Instance name (SM51)

../'

i1df2035i1df2035

i1df2036i1df2036

4n the sl$e a+ove "o% can enter the follow$n' rocesses an na#es (so#e are alrea" there)2

The na#es of the three cl$ent server la"ers

The na#e of the servers where SAP R! $s r%nn$n' ($n th$s case2 )

The na#e of the ata+ase ($n th$s case )

@$str$+%te the follow$n' as escr$+e +" the $nstr%ctor2

The SAPGUI rocesses

The $satcher rocesses

The wor. rocesses @ B 7 S ($ncl%$n' the roer n%#+er of each)

The 'atewa" serv$ce an the #essa'e server

A sec$f$c na#e R@7S (for e,a#le the t"e of ata+ase "o%r co#an" %ses) An oerat$n' s"ste# on all servers shown

(C) SAP AG SAP50 8-!


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!

,or-sheet for SAP20 " A*AP 7ictionary

8ields 8ields 8ields

Entity types

Enter a cross for primary key fields

Tale names

Enter relations!ip types

and cardinalities

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Unit 3)

S"ste# stat%s System → Status

User Prof$le @efa%lts ara#eters System → User profile→ Own data (SU!)

S"ste# Serv$ces System → Services

-Reort$n' → Reporting (SA!8)

-Sool Re&%ests → Output controller (SP01)

-7ac.'ro%n Process$n' → Jobs (S!D S!?)

Unit 4)Instance 4verv$ew Tools → Administration → Monitor → System monitoring

→Servers (S51)

Eor #ore transact$on coes see %n$t D*

Unit 5)A7AP @$ct$onar" Tools → ABAP or!benc" → #ictionary (SB11)

@ata 7rowser Tools → ABAP or!benc" → Overview → #ata

Browser (SB1D)

A7AP :or.+ench Tools → ABAP or!benc"

A7AP B$tor Tools → ABAP or!benc" → #evelopment →

ABAP $ditor (SB!8)

E%nct$on 7%$ler Tools → ABAP or!benc" → %unction Builder

(SB!?)

4+6ect av$'ator Tools → ABAP or!benc" → Overview →

Ob&ect 'avigator (SB80)

Reos$tor" Infor#at$on S"ste# Tools → ABAP or!benc" → Overview → (nformation System (SB8)

7%s$ness 4+6ects Tools → ABAP or!benc" → Overview →

Business Ob&ect Browser (S:4;)

Unit 6)A3B Bnv$ron#ent Tools → A)$ → A)$***

Unit 8)A#$n$strat$on Tools → Administration



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Processes Tools → Administration → Monitor → System monitoring →

Process overview (S50)

Instances Tools → Administration → Monitor → System monitoring →

Servers (S51)

Users Tools → Administration → Monitor → System monitoring →

User overview (S0)

3oc.s Tools → Administration → Monitor → )oc! entries (S1;)As"nchrono%s Uate Tools → Administration → Monitor → Update (S1!)

S"ste# 3o' Tools → Administration → System )og (S;1)

User A#$n$strat$on Tools → Administration → User maintenance → Users (SU01)

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(1) !ic! of t!e follo*in$ statements are correct+

The R/ S!stem has open inter"aces to inte#rate e$ternal %ata an% "unctions&

'pen re"ers to the use o" stan%ar%i*e% inter"aces&

The openness o" the R/ S!stem re"ers to the abilit! to inclu%e application mo%ules

such as +,- .- R- an% so on- in the #lobal s!stem&

Data "or all applications is store% in a common %atabase accessible to all applications&

0usiness processes are processe% in the R/ S!stem application mo%ules&

A2 was %evelope% to inte#rate %ata "rom %i""erent %atabases ("or each application

mo%ule)

(2) !ic! of t!e follo*in$ are ,-3 interfaces for desktop applications+

AG

A2- 34&5

2

9uestions and Ans1ers 5

The correct answers are2

1a c e

;c

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(3) %o* are crosssystem siness processes connected in t!e ,-3

System+

(4) !ic! of t!e follo*in$ components elon$ to t!e ,-3 de#elopment

infrastrctre and can also e sed for cstomerspecific de#elopment+

6A,

A2

DD2

2

R/ Gatewa!

R/ Repositor!

A0AP Wor7bench

R/ memor! mana#ement



!+

a



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A server is a computer on which so"tware components run that provi%e speci"icservices (har%ware view)&

A server is a #roup o" processes that provi%e speci"ic services (so"tware view)&

(2) State t!e ad#anta$es of t!e client - ser#er concept for t!e ,-3 System

Processes that use a speci"ic server service are calle% clients (so"tware view)&

9uestions and Ans1ers #


1a + c

;2 see sl$es

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.ertain %ata an% runtime ob8ects in the R/ S!stem are bu""ere%

to optimi*e response times&

ou can optimi*e response times b! re%ucin# costl! %atabase accesses&

6aster recor%s are bu""ere% in the

R/ S!stem so that %atabase capacit! is not e$hauste%&

etero#eneous loa% on the application servers re%uces the e$pecte%

response times

Data mo%elin# ta7es place usin# the S2R6 mo%el- which represents the

relationships between in"ormation ob8ects&

0usiness relationships within the R/ S!stem applications are mo%ele% usin#

Petri nets&

2P. is a mo%elin# metho% that maps event:oriente% process chains&


9uestions and Ans1ers :


1a +

;+ c



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(1) "ame t!e important components in t!e ,-3 Systemasis layer

(2) !y are tasks sc! as sc!edlin$ and memorymana$ement in t!e ,-3 System not left entirely to t!e

operatin$ system soft*are+

+ew operatin# s!stems support memor! mana#ement

+or portabilit! reasons (in%epen%ent o" manu"acturer)

+or per"ormance reasons



12 see sl$es

;a +



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6i%%leware is a count! in southern 2n#lan%&

The mi%%leware la!er is locate% between the %atabase la!er an% the

operatin# s!stem la!er on the %atabase server&

6i%%leware is a speciall!:%evelope% retail application in the R/ S!stem&

The R/ 0asis S!stem is also 7nown as mi%%leware& ,t embe%s the application

in the s!stem environment&

6i%%leware is the so"tware la!er between the R/ S!stem application la!er

an% the s!stem so"tware& ,t isolates the applications "rom the hetero#eneous

s!stem inter"aces&

9uestions and Ans1ers ;


1c

(C) SAP AG SAP50 8-1;


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(1) !ic! of t!e follo*in$ is t!e standard net*ork protocol

for commnication in t!e ,-3 client - ser#er system+

2

S;

T.P/,P


ou connect the R/ S!stem to an ,06 main"rame usin# the S


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(5) !at is 6E sed for in t!e ,-3 System+

nl! R/ S!stems can be R+. communication partners&

R+. is a networ7 protocol that can be assi#ne% to level 5:= o" the ,S:S,

networ7 stan%ar%&

R+. is a communication protocol stan%ar%i*e% b! ,06&

R+. is an SAP:speci"ic protocol use% to call "unction mo%ules on an! server&

R+. "unctions are a%ministere% in their own special "unction libraries&

9uestions and Ans1ers .


c

52 see oc%#entat$on



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(1) !ic! client - ser#er confi$rations mi$!t e possile in a

distrited ,-3 System+


6ovin# the presentation level to the application la!er within the R/

S!stem protects s!stem resources&

The scalabilit! o" the %atabase level o" the R/ S!stem is part o" the client /server concept&

Scalabilit! mainl! re"ers to the %istribution o" the application la!er on several

servers&

To relieve the loa% in a sin#le:server R/ S!stem- the application

la!er ma! be %istribute%&

9uestions and Ans1ers <


12 see oc%#entat$on

;+ c



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A2 stan%s "or Application oa% 2$tractin#'& This is a process that sen%s

application server %ata b! R+.&

A2 messa#es are e$chan#e% b! R+. or 2D,&

A2 is use% to separate application s!stems&

3sin# A2 !ou no lon#er nee% to inte#rate business processes across

s!stem boun%aries&

ou can use A2 to e$chan#e messa#es between R/5 an% R/ S!stems&

(2) 6ist e7amples of *!ere yo *old se &6E



1+ e

;2 see oc%#entat$on

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The R/ S!stem inclu%es the "ollowin# wor7 processes (WP)> %ialo# WP-

bac7#roun% WP- en?ueue WP- up%ate WP- spool WP- messa#e WP- #atewa! WP&

There are "ive t!pes o" wor7 processes in the R/ S!stem> 1) Dialo# 5) 0ac7#roun%

) 2n?ueue =) Spool @) 3p%ate&

There are also messa#e server' services "or communication within the R/

S!stem an% #atewa! server' services "or communication with e$ternal s!stems&

(1) !at is an S&' transaction+

(2) !at is an S&'68+

SAP transactions are processe% b! the %ispatcher an% the wor7 processes&



12 see oc%#entat$on

;2 see oc%#entat$on

!+ c

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(4) !y is t!e dispatc!er 9ee re9ired+

The %ispatcher is a central process within a %istribute% R/ S!stem& ,t onl!

runs on the %atabase server o" the R/ S!stem&

The %ispatcher receives the incomin# user re?uests "rom the "ronten% (P. or

terminal) an% loo7s "or available %ialo# wor7 processes to process these

re?uests&

The %ispatcher is the central process within R/ 0asis "low control& ,t receives

re?uests "rom the presentation la!er an% %istributes the wor7 to the %ialo#

wor7 processes&

2ach user receives e$actl! one %ialo# wor7 process to ensure that s!stem

resources are optimall! balance%& This wor7 process processes the re?uests

"or that user&

The %ispatcher ?ueue is use% to receive re?uests that cannot be

processe% %irectl!& The %ispatcher processes the re?uests in the ?ueue

accor%in# to "irst in / "irst out&



2 see oc%#entat$on

5+ e



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(1) !y is ack$rond processin$ re9ired in t!e ,-3 System+

A 8ob consists o" several steps& ou sche%ule steps to run automaticall! (usuall!

%urin# the ni#ht)&

ou can onl! sche%ule special A0AP pro#rams as a 8ob&


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(1) !at is desktop inte$ration+


3sin# 2 !ou can e$tract %ata "rom the R/ S!stem an% sen% it to a

"ronten% %evice such as a P.& (,t is currentl! not possible to sen% %ata the

other wa!&)

R+. an% 2 can be use% to a%%ress %es7top applications "rom the R/S!stem&

ou can even use 2 automation to ?uer! R/ S!stem services "rom an

e$ternal application& The callin# application pro#ram acts

as the 2 client&



12 see oc%#entat$on

;a +

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(1) !en is t!e pdate *ork process in t!e ,-3 System sed+

(2) :escrie t!e flo* of an S&' transaction incldin$ async!ronos

pdate and t!e lock concept.

2ach time %ata chan#es in the %atabase&

With s!nchronous up%ate- the up%ate ta7es place %irectl! %urin# the %ialo# phase-

that is- within the runnin# transaction&

The up%ate wor7 process (:WP) is onl! use% "or as!nchronous up%ate&

With as!nchronous up%ate (implemente% usin# the A0AP statement .A +3


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( 3) !ic! of t!e follo*in$ statements are correct+

The R/ S!stem %oes not nee% to prevent concurrent write access to speci"ic R/ S!stemob8ects as this is %ealt with b! the %atabase s!stem&

The en?ueue wor7 process (2:WP) in the R/ S!stem is use% to prevent concurrent

access to the same %ata&

The en?ueue wor7 process uses the loc7 concept o" the %atabase s!stemto set loc7s&

.han#e transactions use the 2:WP to set a loc7 at the start o" the transaction& Data is thenchan#e% while the transaction is runnin#& The loc7 is release% at the en% o" the transaction&

A loc7 must be release% at the en% o" the transaction to allow other users to use the

transaction as soon as !ou are "inishe%&

To optimi*e per"ormance- numerous chan#e transactions that manipulate R/ transaction %ata

are implemente% without en?ueue / %e?ueue ob8ects&



!a c

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(1) !at is ;lo$on alancin$


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(1) !at are t!e tasks of t!e ,-3 memory mana$ement system+

9uestions and Ans1ers 5<

The correct answer $s2

12 see oc%#entat$on



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To mana#e %ata "rom the R/ application mo%ules- the s!stem usesseveral relational %atabase s!stems in a hetero#eneous environment&

The R/ S!stem mainl! uses static S; as this saves memor! space&

The s!stem uses relational %atabase s!stems to mana#e %ata in the R/

S!stem& This t!pe o" %atabase s!stem stores %ata an% relationships in

the "orm o" two:%imensional tables&

Remote S; is use% to access %ata across a networ7&

S; is a %atabase ?uer! lan#ua#e an% stan%s "or Structure% ;uer!

an#ua#e&

When !ou use %!namic S;- the comman%s are not compile% until the

application pro#ram is e$ecute%& ,t is there"ore more "le$ible than static

S;&

(2) !at is 'E" S=6+



1+ c e

;2 see oc%#entat$on

(C) SAP AG SAP50 8-;D


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(4) !at ad#anta$e does 'E" S=6 pro#ide for &&' de#elopers+


0u""erin# %ata in the R/ S!stem application servers can increases!stem per"ormance&

,t is use"ul to %istribute the in%ivi%ual R/ S!stem application mo%ules amon# special

servers to optimi*e bu""er usa#e on these machines (wor7loa% balancin#)&

To improve response times- the R/ %atabase inter"ace temporaril! stores the application %ata inthe pu""ers o" the relational %atabase s!stem&

The R/ S!stem %oes not #enerall! bu""er master recor%s an% transaction %ata- but

%oes bu""er R/ s!stem %ata that is "re?uentl! use% b! the applications&

A0AP pro#rams are not bu""ere% in the application bu""ers o" the R/ S!stem&

,t is not a%vanta#eous to place hetero#eneous loa% on the bu""ers- since mana#in# thebu""er contents re?uires a%%itional time %ue to the %isplacement mechanism&



!a c e f

2 see oc%#entat$on

(C) SAP AG SAP50 8-;?


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(2) Smmari>e t!e tasks of t!e ??MS

..6S is a tool "or A0AP pro#rammin#&

..6S is a tool "or monitorin# the R/ S!stem&

The ..6S is responsible "or mana#in# 8obs as well as sche%ulin# an%

mana#in# batch input sessions&

The ..6S monitors e$ceptions an% alarm situations& An alarm situation

woul% be tri##ere% b! a memor! problem- "or e$ample&

The ..6S can also reco#ni*e e$ceptions in the %atabase& The s!stem

a%ministrator must intervene i" a critical alert occurs (re% tra""ic li#ht)&

ou can use the ..6S to imme%iatel! an% automaticall! correct an!

problems that occur- such as memor! bottlenec7s- without re?uirin# the

intervention o" the s!stem a%ministrator&

The ..6S %ispla!s some alarm situations usin# warnin# si#nals& These

warnin# si#nals are tri##ere% when the preset threshol% values are

e$cee%e%&



1+ e '

;2 see oc%#entat$on



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(2) "ame t!e additional remote ser#ices S&' pro#ides

2arl!Watch is a service that SAP provi%es "or its customer& ,t is use% to

reco#ni*e problem situations in pro%uction R/ S!stems&

The 2arl!Watch service is available "rom 1C>CC A&6& to 5>CC P&6&- %epen%in#

on the time *one&

ou shoul% use this remote service i" an! problems occur&

The 2arl!Watch team connects to the customer s!stem on its own initiative&

.lient CC1 is use% as the anal!sis environment "or this&

The 2arl!Watch team has unrestricte% authori*ation in the customer s!stem&

There are su""icient securit! aspects preventin# the 2arl!Watch team "rom

chan#in# the %ata in the customer s!stem& +or e$ample- a connection to the

customer s!stem can onl! be initiate% b! the customer&

9uestions and Ans1ers 6#


1a e

;2 see oc%#entat$on

(C) SAP AG SAP50 8-;F


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(1) !y is t!e at!ori>ation concept re9ired in t!e ,-3 System+

The R/ S!stem uses the authori*ation concept o" the relevant %atabase to

ensure access protection&

2ach tas7 in the R/ S!stem is protecte% b! an authori*ation& To call a tas7 or

transaction- a user must "irst enter the appropriate authori*ation in a con"irmation

"iel%&

The authori*ation concept is use% to prevent unauthori*e% access to speci"ic

transactions& This is a concept anchore% in the R/ S!stem that wor7s

in%epen%entl! o" the %atabase&

Authori*ations are #roupe% to#ether in pro"iles& These pro"iles are then

a%%e% to user master recor%s& 2ach user is assi#ne% speci"ic authori*ations in his

or her user master recor%&


9uestions and Ans1ers 6:


12 see oc%#entat$on

;c

(C) SAP AG SAP50 8-!0


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The A0AP Wor7bench is "ull! inte#rate% into the R/ S!stem an% cannot be

use% as an in%epen%ent %evelopment environment&

The A0AP Dictionar! mana#es meta%ata& The %ata itsel" is store% in the

tables in the %atabase&

ou use the Screen Painter to %e"ine screens (mas7s in the R/ S!stem)-

an% the 6enu Painter to create menus& 0oth tools are use% "or %ialo#

pro#rammin#&

ou can access A0AP Dictionar! ob8ects %irectl! "rom A0AP pro#rammin#&

The in%ivi%ual pro#ram ob8ects- "or a %ialo# pro#ram "or e$ample- are

%ispla!e% as hierarchical lists&

To anal!*e A0AP pro#rams- !ou can trace' the pro#ram co%e

creatin# a runtime anal!sis&

0atch ,nput e%itor

Screen Painter

6enu Painter

A0AP Dictionar!

A0AP 2%itor

ob e%itor

Repositor! 0rowser 6emor! mana#er

(2) !ic! of t!e follo*in$ are &&' orkenc! de#elopment tools+



1+ c e

;a + f ' (rea $n col%#ns)

SAP ABAP for Freshers and Experience

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Transcript of SAP ABAP for Freshers and Experience