SANTIAGO RAMÓN Y SANTIAGO RAMÓN Y CAJALCAJAL

BY: AHINOAM FONTAN AND BY: AHINOAM FONTAN AND HRISTIANA UNGUREANU 4ºAHRISTIANA UNGUREANU 4ºA

Introduction:Introduction: He has lived in the 19th and 20th He has lived in the 19th and 20th

century.It was the period when the century.It was the period when the industrial revolution ended.industrial revolution ended.

Realism Realism In this period of time the realism In this period of time the realism

were practised in many domains, were practised in many domains, as art, literature, philosophy, as art, literature, philosophy, theatre, etc. For example: theatre, etc. For example: Gustave Courbet and Claude Gustave Courbet and Claude Monet, were painters. Ivan Monet, were painters. Ivan Turgenev and Leo Tolstoy, were Turgenev and Leo Tolstoy, were playwrights. In modern playwrights. In modern philosophy realism is a broad philosophy realism is a broad term, encompassing several term, encompassing several movements whose unity lies in a movements whose unity lies in a common rejection of common rejection of philosophical Idealism. In its most philosophical Idealism. In its most general form realism asserts that general form realism asserts that objects in the external world objects in the external world exist independently of what is exist independently of what is thought about them. The most thought about them. The most straightforward of such theories straightforward of such theories is usually known as naive is usually known as naive realism. It contends that in realism. It contends that in perception humans are made perception humans are made directly aware of objects and directly aware of objects and their attributes and thus have their attributes and thus have immediate access to the external immediate access to the external world. world.

ImpressionismImpressionism Impressionist painters both in France Impressionist painters both in France

and America were interested in and America were interested in capturing a sense of immediacy. capturing a sense of immediacy. They emphasized new compositional They emphasized new compositional devices such as plunging devices such as plunging perspective, cropped forms, and perspective, cropped forms, and compositions balanced compositions balanced asymmetrically. Earlier painters asymmetrically. Earlier painters going back to the Renaissance going back to the Renaissance favored more closed and clearly favored more closed and clearly balanced compositions. Often balanced compositions. Often pyramidal in form, the central image pyramidal in form, the central image was flanked on either side with was flanked on either side with similarly weighted forms. These similarly weighted forms. These artists tended to create landscapes artists tended to create landscapes that were framed on each side by that were framed on each side by trees or other structures, and where trees or other structures, and where recession into space was created by recession into space was created by carefully measured intervals. carefully measured intervals. Impressionist painters favored Impressionist painters favored asymmetrical compositions such as asymmetrical compositions such as that employed in this work by that employed in this work by Edward Rook where the bushy laurel Edward Rook where the bushy laurel below is visually balanced by the below is visually balanced by the tree above.tree above.

Biography:Biography: Santiago Ramón y Cajal Santiago Ramón y Cajal

was born on May 1, 1852, was born on May 1, 1852, at Petilla de Aragón, at Petilla de Aragón, Navarre and he died on Navarre and he died on october 17, 1934, at october 17, 1934, at Madrid. His father was Madrid. His father was doctor-surgeon.doctor-surgeon.

When he was 9 years old, When he was 9 years old, he started the school and he started the school and three years later he started three years later he started the high school. In 1869 he the high school. In 1869 he started to prepare for his started to prepare for his medicine studies at medicine studies at Zaragoza.Zaragoza. He was He was destinated to Cuba in 1874. destinated to Cuba in 1874.

His family:His family:He married the 19th He married the 19th of july of 1879, with of july of 1879, with Silveria Fañanás Silveria Fañanás García. García. He and his wife had He and his wife had four daughters and four daughters and three sons. three sons. He and his family He and his family had lived in Zaragoza had lived in Zaragoza and then they moved and then they moved to Barcelona. to Barcelona.

Important events in his Important events in his career:career:

1875 - 1875 - He was named interim assistant ofHe was named interim assistant ofanatomy on Zaragoza. anatomy on Zaragoza. 1880 - He started to work in Barcelona as1880 - He started to work in Barcelona asProfessor of Histology and Pathology.Professor of Histology and Pathology.1900 - 1900 - He awarded an international prize inHe awarded an international prize inParis and a Spain's Great Cross of IsabelParis and a Spain's Great Cross of Isabelthe Catholic and the Great Cross of the Catholic and the Great Cross of AlfonsoXII.AlfonsoXII.19061906 - T- The Imperial Academy of Sciences of he Imperial Academy of Sciences of

BerlinBerlinawarded him the Gold Medal of Helmholz.awarded him the Gold Medal of Helmholz.

The Nobel: The Nobel: He is given the Nobel Prize in Physiology and He is given the Nobel Prize in Physiology and

MedicineMedicine in 1906 in 1906

His aportation to the His aportation to the neuroscience would be neuroscience would be recognized, finally, in 1906, recognized, finally, in 1906, with the Nobel Prize in with the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine, Physiology and Medicine, an award he shared with an award he shared with the Italian physician the Italian physician Camillo Golgi, which Cajal Camillo Golgi, which Cajal staining method was staining method was applied for years. After the applied for years. After the award, even Cajal award, even Cajal published many literary and published many literary and biographical documents biographical documents and his Studies on the and his Studies on the degeneration of the degeneration of the nervous system. nervous system.

Something about his Something about his personality:personality:

Santiago was a very naughty boy with Santiago was a very naughty boy with a great determination he had a a great determination he had a rebellious character, that maked a rebellious character, that maked a bad relationship with the friars. In his bad relationship with the friars. In his studies’ life his inteligence and studies’ life his inteligence and constancy wasn’t showed. constancy wasn’t showed.

Since he was little Santiago showed Since he was little Santiago showed his ability for the fine arts, specially his ability for the fine arts, specially for drawing. for drawing.

His drawings:His drawings:

Bibliography:Bibliography: http://cajal.unizar.es/sp/bio/biograf_3.htmlhttp://cajal.unizar.es/sp/bio/biograf_3.html http://www.aragob.es/culytur/rcajal/http://www.aragob.es/culytur/rcajal/

epoca.htmepoca.htm http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/

laureates/1906/cajal-bio.htmllaureates/1906/cajal-bio.html http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santiago_Ramhttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santiago_Ram

%C3%B3n_y_Cajal%C3%B3n_y_Cajal http://www.flogris.org/learning/foxchase/http://www.flogris.org/learning/foxchase/

html/about_impressionism.phphtml/about_impressionism.php http://www.askart.com/AskART/images/http://www.askart.com/AskART/images/

glossary/Realism_Andrew_Wyeth.jpgglossary/Realism_Andrew_Wyeth.jpg

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