SANRAL WESTERN REGION WORKSHOP€¦ · Kobus Louw Cape Town - 15 August 2011. Outline of...

SANRAL WESTERN REGION WORKSHOP

Bituminous binders

Suppliers perspective

Kobus LouwCape Town - 15 August 2011

Outline of presentation

• Revision of specifications

• Product quality control

• Binder properties

• Recent experiences with binders on site

• Future challenges

Revision of specifications

• Emulsions, invert emulsions

• SABITA Manual 19

• TG1

• Penetration grade bitumen

PRODUCT QUALITY CONTROL

BITUMEN-RUBBER AND SBS MODIFIED BITUMEN

BITUMEN-RUBBERViscosity @ 190 ˚C (Caltex vs Natref)

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

1,5 2,5 3,5 4,5 5,5

Vis

cosi

ty (

dP

a.s)

Hours

Caltex

Natref

50:50

Lower Limit

Upper limit

BITUMEN-RUBBERSoftening Points (Caltex vs Natref)

50

52

54

56

58

60

62

64

66

1,5 2,5 3,5 4,5 5,5

Soft

. Po

int

(de

gC

)

Hours

Caltex

Natref

50:50Lower Limit

Upper limit

SBS MODIFIED BITUMEN

S-E1, S-E2, A-E1 and A-E2

S–E1SBR latex

SBS

or+

80/100

SBS polymer

VISCOSITY TEMPERATURE RELATIONSHIP

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

170 180 190 200 210

Vis

cosi

ty (

mP

a.s)

Temperature (deg C)

80/100

3% SBR

3% SBS

SOFTENING POINT vs POLYMER CONCENTRATION

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 1 2 3 4 5

Soft

en

ing

Po

int

(de

gC

)

Polymer content (%m/m)

SBR

SBS

ELASTIC RECOVERY OF PMB’s AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

5 10 15 20

Elastic Recovery (%)

Temp (deg C)

3% SBR

3% SBS

S–E2

SBS80/100

+

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

SO

FT

EN

ING

PO

INT

(d

eg

C)

% SBS

SOFTENING POINT - VARIOUS REFINERIES S-E2

ENGEN

CHEVRON

BP

NATREF

SBS Modified bitumen(softening point profile)

40

50

60

70

80

90

24 48 72 96 120 144 168

So

fte

nin

g P

oin

t (°

C)

Time (hours)

S-E2

A-E2

S-E1

THREE MAJOR ISSUES WITH SBS MODIFIED BITUMEN

• Softening point – upper limits• Softening point after ageing• Poor correlation between laboratories

Sample NumberSoftening Point Softening Point Softening Point

before ageing (°C) after ageing (°C) difference (°C)

1 77 76.8 -0.2

2 75 72.2 -2.8

3 89 76.8 -12.2

4 85.6 72 -13.6

5 81.8 65 -16.8

6 80.2 64 -16.2

7 82.6 79.8 -2.8

8 84.8 75.4 -9.4

9 76.6 64.8 -11.8

10 79.2 64.4 -14.8

11 83 67 -16

12 74.2 68 -6.2

13 77.2 65.4 -11.8

14 78 63 -15

15 89 72.4 -16.6

16 84 73.2 -10.8

17 81.2 75.4 -5.8

Requirement TG1 65 to 85 - -2 to +8 °C

Results obtained by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Researchon A-E2 binder

Comparative testing (SBS modified bitumen)

Property UnitSample 1

Colas Commercial Lab

Before ageing

Softening Point ˚C 71,0 71,8

Elastic Recovery @ 15 ˚C % 80 79,3

Dynamic Viscosity @ 165 ˚C Pa.s 0,336 0,321

Stability @ 160 ˚C ˚C 8,3 0,5

After ageing

Mass change % 0,078 0,039

Diff. in Softening Point ˚C 3,0 1,0





Before ageing




Stability @ 160 ˚C ˚C 0,1 7,5

After ageing







Before ageing




Stability @ 160 ˚C ˚C 4,3 10,6

After ageing


Diff. in Softening Point ˚C -2,3 2,0





Before ageing




Stability @ 160 ˚C ˚C 5,7 0,2

After ageing

Mass change % - 0,146

Diff. in Softening Point ˚C -12,0 8,0


Comparative testing (EVA modified bitumen)



Before ageing




Stability @ 160 ˚C ˚C 0,3 2,0

After ageing






Before ageing




Stability @ 160 ˚C ˚C 0,9 1,1

After ageing






Before ageing




Stability @ 160 ˚C ˚C 1,0 0,1

After ageing






Before ageing




Stability @ 160 ˚C ˚C 1,2 1,0

After ageing






Before ageing


Elastic Recovery @ 15 ˚C % 55,0 55,5


Stability @ 160 ˚C ˚C 1,8 0,2

After ageing



R300 CONTRACT

• 220,000 ton EVA modifiedasphalt

• 11500 ton A-P1 binder• 575 ton pure EVA polymer

(26 x 12 m containers !)

SOFTENING POINTS A-E2 vs A-P1

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39

Soft

en

ing

Po

int

(de

gC

)

Sample no.

A-E2

A-P1

REHEATING OF SBS MODIFIED BITUMEN SAMPLES

DAY SOFT. POINT (˚C) VISCOSITY @ 165 ˚C (Pa.s)ELASTIC RECOVERY@15 ˚C (%)

Monday 65,2 0,288 69,0

Tuesday 59,5 0,292 68,5

Wednesday 67,1 0,302 65,0

Thursday 61,1 0,331 70,0

Friday 58,7 0,392 70,0

OTHER COUNTRIESSoftening point before and after ageing

requirements

CountryBefore ageing After ageing

Min. R + B ? Max. R + B ? Soft. Point ?

South Africa yes yes - 2 to + 8

Japan Yes - no

China yes - no

Thailand yes - - 4 to +6

India yes - Increase < 7

Vietnam yes - no

Australia yes yes (Dec 2010) no

Europe (CEN)(31 countries)

yes - Increase 8 to 12

LOW EMPERATURE PROPERTIES OF ELASTOMERIC PMB’S (SBR and SBS)

Relation essai/comportement In Situ Mouton pendule EN 13588

Choc d’un pendule sur un cube collé par un film de liant provoque sa rupture

Mesure de l’angle de remontée du pendule

La cohésion du liant est proportionnelle à l’énergie nécessaire pour chasser le cube collé par le liant

La mesure répétée à différentes températures (au moins 6) et exprimée en J/cm²

COHESION PROPERTIES OF PMB’s vs80/100 PEN. BITUMEN

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

10 20 30 35 40 45 50 60

Co

he

sio

n (

J/cm

2)

Temperature (deg C)

80/100

3% SBR

3% SBS

EFFECT OF CUTTER ON PROPERTIES OF 3% SBS MODIFIED BITUMEN

% Flux Soft. PointDynamic viscosity

@ 165 ˚CPenetration @ 25 ˚C

Minimum road surface

temperature

% v/v ˚C mPa.s 1/10 mm ˚C

0 60 401 65 25

2 54 331 99 23

3 53 292 124 21

4 52 270 145 20

5 51 227 190 18

Viscosity of 80/100 @ 165 ˚C = 100 mPa.sSoftening point 80/100 = 42 to 51 ˚C

CUTTING BACK(Austroads Guide)

Pavement temperature

(˚C)

Traffic(v/l/d)

Class of PMB

S15E

(S-E1/S-E2)

S20ES25E(S-E2)

S35E

(S-E1)

S45RS50R(S-R1)

S55R

20 – 25 < 1000≥ 1000

6 – 86

86 – 8

64

108

1210

26 – 32 < 1000≥ 1000

4 – 64

64 – 6

42

8 – 106 – 8

10 – 128 – 10

33 – 68 < 1000≥ 1000

42

4 – 53 - 4

22

6 – 86

86 – 8

39 – 45 < 1000≥ 1000

Min 2 Min 3 0 – 24 – 64 – 6

64 – 6

> 45All Min 2 Min 3 0 - 2 Min 4 Min 5

CRACK MOVEMENT SIMULATOR RESULTS (CSIR – 1994)

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70 80 100 125 150 200 300 350 500

No

of

rep

etit

ion

s to

fai

lure

Crack movement (microns)

Bitumen-rubber @ 5 ˚C


0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70 80 100 125 150 200 300 350 500

No

of

rep

eti

tio

ns

to f

ailu

re


Bitumen-rubber @ 5 deg C80/100 @ 12,5 deg C


0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70 80 100 125 150 200 300 350 500

No

of

rep

etit

ion

s to

fai

lure


Bitumen-rubber

SBR


0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70 80 100 125 150 200 300 350 500

No

of

rep

etit

ion

s to

fai

lure


Bitumen-rubber

SBR

3% SBS


0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70 80 100 125 150 200 300 350 500

No

of

rep

etit

ion

s to

fai

lure


Bitumen-rubber

SBR

3% SBS

4% SBS


0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70 80 100 125 150 200 300 350 500

No

of

rep

etit

ion

s to

fai

lure


Bitumen-rubber

SBR

80/100

3% SBS

4% SBS

5% SBS

PROBLEMS WITH SEALS

Priming with conventional bitumen emulsion

0,8 l/m2

0,8 l/m2

No penetration

Priming with conventional bitumen emulsion

Before emulsion breaks After emulsion has broken

Emulsion Prime (0,8 l/m2)

Emulsion Prime(1,43 l/m2)

MC 30

Inverted Prime MC 10 Cationic Spray 65%

FUTURE INNOVATIONS

FUTURE INNOVATIONS

• Manufacture of cutback bitumen

• Manufacture of SBS emulsions

• Manufacture of emulsions with hard bitumens

• Emulfix

EMULFIX

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Temps de cure (minutes)

% d

e m

até

riau

x r

ete

nu

s

ECR 69 Standard

ECR 69 EMULFIX

Breaking Time - Emulfix

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Temps de cure (minutes)

Vale

ur

de c

olo

rati

on

(n

uan

cie

r) ECR 69 Standard

ECR 69 EMULFIX

bitume Reichstett

5 20 45

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