SANITATION & HYGIENE

PROMOTION IN EMERGENCY

SITUATION - WITH SPECIAL

EMPHASIS ON NWFP IDP’s

NWFP IDP EMERGENCY

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Gender wise Distribution

Male,

28960, 51%Female,

28168, 49%

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Age wise distribution

> 6

0 y

ears

, 1231, 2

%

18-59 years,

19964, 35%

< 5 years,

10810, 19%

5-11 years,

17129, 30%

12-17 years,

7987, 14%

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Breakdown by Age

Above 60

2%

B/w 12 and 17

14 %B/w18 and 59

41%

Below 5

16%

B/w 5 and 11

27%

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IDP’s in Camps and Off Camps

IDP’S IN CAMPS 200,000

IDP’S OFF CAMPS 2,400,000

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CAMP ESTABLISHMENT

WATER SANITATION AND

HYGIENE (WASH) RESPONSE

IN CAMPS

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WASH Cluster

WASH Cluster is activated since August 2008, initially for

the NWFP Flood Emergency response. Later on the IDP

Emergency due to Conflict became the major Focus. So far

35 Coordination meetings have taken place in Peshawar.

There are more than 45 members in the WASH Cluster.

Recently Coordination mechanism has also been activated

in Districts Mardan and Swabi.

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WATER SUPPLY

• It is being ensured that safe drinking water supply, as

per SPHERE guidelines (minimum 15 lpcd), through

Tankering (75% IDPs) and tube wells (25%).

• Tue Wells/Bore holes construction are under process

to minimize Tankering.

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WATER SUPPLY- Response to

Emergency

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Water Supply-Response to

Emergency

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Water Supply Issues

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Sanitation

The means of collecting and disposing of excreta

and community liquid wastes in a hygienic way so

as not to endanger the health of individuals and the

community as a whole (WHO-1987).

Areas to be addressed:

1. To provide adequate excreta disposal for displaced

people.

2. Promotion of good excreta disposal practices

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Latrine – The first barrier

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Sphere Guidelines

Excreta disposal standard 1: access to, and

numbers of, toilets: People have adequate numbers

of toilets, sufficiently close to their dwellings, to allow

them rapid, safe and acceptable access at all times of

the day and night. max. of 20 per toilet.

Excreta disposal standard 2: design, construction

and use of toilets: Toilets are sited, designed,

constructed and maintained in such a way as to be

comfortable, hygienic and safe to use.

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Excreta Control and Disposal: Sanitation

Ladder

Family Latrines

VIP/pour flush Latrines

Direct drop Pit Latrines

Trench Latrines

Controlled Open Defecation Fields

Clean-up Programme through volunteers

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How should our latrine design

be?

1. Culturally acceptable

2. Affordable

3. Rapid construction

4. Maintainable

5. Easy to clean

6. Safety & protection

7. Fly/mosquito/(odour) control

8. Adapted and suitable for children, older folks, people with HIV Aids

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Sanitation- Response to IDP

Emergency.

• Sanitation & Hygiene promotion activities

(Construction of Pit Toilets, Bathing places, Washing

points, Solid Waste Collection points, Health Hygiene

promotion sessions, hygiene kits, buckets jerry cans

and other NFI’s distribution) as per SPHERE

guidelines are being provided.

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Sanitation- Response to

Emergencies

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Issues

1. Sudden and Huge Influx.

2. Operation & Maintenance.

3. Adaptation to the Camp Environment.

4. Behavior Change.

5. Natural Hazards.

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Field Issues

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Field Issues

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Field Issues: Behavior Change

1. The Overall Sanitation Coverage of NWFP is less

than 40 % (People are not used to Toilets!)

2. Since May 1, 2009 influx of IDP’s in Camps have

been more than 4000 persons per day.

3. In the present crisis there are some Camps with

number of IDP’s more than 50,000. Disease

outbreak is very rapid in congested environments.

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Behavior Change

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Results

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Issue.

Number of Acute Watery Diarrhea Cases witnessed a

sudden increase. Hand Pumps Water was highly

contaminated. Ground Water Table was very high.

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Response.

1. Through WHO/PCRWR immediately tested the Hand Pump

Water and found to be highly contaminated.

2. Through Government (LGRDD/TMA Mardan) immediately

removed the Hand Pumps.

3. Through UNICEF support started WASH interventions (Water

Tankering, Chlorination, installation of Solid Waste Collection

Mechanism, Health Hygiene Education etc).

4. TMA Mardan took responsibility for installation of Deep Bore

Hole and Outside Camp Solid Waste collection and disposal.

5. AWD was controlled within one week.

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Proportion of AWD cases at Sheikh

Yaseen IDP Camp, Mardan

Proportion of acute diarrhoea at Sheikh Yaseen IDP Camp, Mardan

(20-Aug to 12 Oct 2008)

27313030302930

25

15

3234

32

252119

14

2324

1919%25%

31%32%

24%

18%

26%26%

19%

8%12%

19%20%

11%

20%22%

41%42%35%

31%27%

62%

31%

16%24%23%21%

15%13%17%

21%

26%26%

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Long Live

Pakistan