Sanitary control of food supply, market access and ...arimnet2.net/files/wetransfer-f364df/SAFEMED -...

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Sanitary control of food supply, market access and international competition

SAFEMED

Giulio Malorgio, University of Bologna, Italy

Abdelhakim Hammoudi (coord.) INRA-ALISS Paris

ARIMNet projects mid-term event June 11, 2014, Montpellier, France

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Consortium and Project Management

ARIMNet projects mid-term event_ June 11, 2014

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Consortium EU-MED Project(Septembre 2012-Sept 2015). • Coordination INRA-ALISS (France) • Partners: • France: INRA (ALISS, LERECO, UMR SAD-APT),

Agro-Paris Tech and collaboration with INIAV Lisbon (Portugal),

• Italy (University of Bologna), • Spain (University of Almeria), • Morocco (IAV, Rabat), • Tunisia (INAT and Ecole Polytechnique, Tunis), • Algeria (ENSA and University of Béjaia).


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Project objectives


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Specific objectives Analyzing the structure and organization of

production/export and import systems faced to food safety standards and compliance procedures in Mediterranean F&V trade flows,

Identifying endogenous factors affecting the provision of food safety (risk profile of food chain operators),

Evaluating consumer behaviour towards food safety, risk perceptions and reaction to food safety failures;

Identifying the incentive/deterrent role of public policies and interactions among food safety regulatory tools (norms/control systems) in Mediterranean trade flows

SAFEMED objectives


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The rationale SAFEMED objectives


Provision of food safety:

harmonization and regulation

Export supply chain organisation

International supply chains / importers

strategies

Consumer behaviour / reaction to food risk

Regulation and Public policies for food

safety in external trade

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Activities and achieved results


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Project Phases

Descriptive studies Inventory of public regulation Market structures in North and South Local channels and international channels

Empirical analyses Surveys (producers, exporters, importers). Consumption analysis (experimental auctions) Quantitative analysis Microbiological issues

Theoretical analyzes Construction of theoretical models. Impact of food safety regulation

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International food chains: Export supply chain organization and importers’ strategies

Focusing on: Strengths/weaknesses of production/commercialization

systems at domestic and export level, Factors affecting compliance, Identification of linkages between food chain organization and food safety

Problems related to microbiological contamination and foodborne infections

Strategies of F&V EU importers according to food safety requirements and channel organization


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• Pilot survey on Moroccan F&V export supply chain actors’ typologies, downstream commercialization channels, compliance cost-benefits and procedures).

Preliminary/pilot survey on importers’ strategies (Italy, France, Spain), Pilot interviews on representative wholesale markets in Northern

countries and importers’ associations, Characterization of importers’ relations with upstream suppliers

and downstream commercialization channels, Food safety management and control measures implemented by

importers,


International food chains: Export supply chain organization and importers’ strategies

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Export supply chain organization Main achieved results (1) Different food safety organization systems exist

(mainly in Southern countries), Domestic supply chains: national norms based on

Codex Alimentarius, Export supply chains (heterogeneous system):

Codex-based supply chains serving extra-European markets (some food chains in Tunisia and Algeria),

Supply chains mainly oriented to compliance with European regulations (Tunisia and Morocco),

Supermarket-oriented supply chains, mainly based on compliance with private standards (e.g. GlobalGap), Morocco representing the most advanced country in this domain.


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Export supply chain organization Main achieved results (2) Difficulties of compliance with food safety norms and

standards in Southern countries do not only and systematically depends on compliance costs, but on environmental conditions: Organizational inefficiencies of public

institutions charged of food safety issues, Scarce organization of food actors (fragmented

channels, low level of contractual relations, horizontal and vertical coordination, ...),

Weaknesses in logistic/transport infrastructures and laboratories for certification and quality control,


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The international food chains: importers’ strategies Main achieved results (1) Most of the literature on food safety focuses on

aspects related to quality and less on food safety management

Heterogeneity of international food chain according to import countries and type of distribution channels (spot markets vs buyer-driven chains),

The diffusion of private standards, as complement of public regulation, depends on market segments and countries,

Buyer-driven” supply chains are associated with a stronger degree of upstream coordination and control/inspection tools to monitor suppliers


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Consumer behaviour toward health risk Completed activities

Literature review on consumer behaviour towards health risk and food risk perception

Organization of experimental auctions Test in Portugal and implementation of new

protocol for Italian experiment on:

Analysis of consumer reaction to changes in the food safety risk,

Consumer willingness to pay for food safety/boycott


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Consumer behaviour toward health risk Main achieved results (1) Food safety risk is a public good, Consumer reaction to product safety failures may

results in product- or country- boycott, The consequences of food safety failures may

extend beyond the country of origin and the incriminated product,

Market sanctions contributes (together with penalties) to incentive downstream operators to implement more stringent food safety control measures such as private standards,


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Public policies for food safety


EU Food safety legislation

Process standards

(traceability, HACCP, GAPs)

Performance standards (e.g.

MRLs) Ex-ante

compliance capacity

1-Legislation in the country of origin

(process / performance standards)

2-Internal control and inspection

systems

4-Export supply chain structure and

organization and private strategies

3-Infrastructures, laboratories, institutional

capacity, national plans …

Effectiveness of EU border

controls

Provision of food safety

Market access

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Public policies for food safety State of the art on public policies for food safety

(norms, control/inspection systems, liability rules), Inter-country heterogeneity in degree of compliance to food

safety norms and tools: HCCP, MRL, Traceability, Food law.

Complementary policies favouring ex-ante compliance capacities (trade-offs for public regulator): 1. Strengthening and harmonization of public regulations

(process and performance standards) (e.g. Loi 28-07 Morocco),

2. Reinforcement of control systems in the country of origin (inspections on production site and controls on final products),

3. Improving institutional capacities (es. National Office for Food Safety, Morocco), developing national plans supporting capacity building,

4. Monitoring private strategies in importing countries and favouring access to information of target market requirements,


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Dissemination and meetings Main publications « Sécurité sanitaire des aliments. Régulation, analyses économiques et

retours d’expérience » ouvrage collectif coordonné par: .Hammoudi, A., Grazia, C., Surry, Y. (2014). Ed. Hermès-Lavoisier, Paris.

“Food Safety, Market organization, Trade and development” Collective book , coordinated by Hammoudi, A., Grazia, C., Surry, Y, Traversac, J-B. Springer. In progress

PhD Thesis Participation in scientific congresses and seminars Internal Project Meetings: Paris, November 2012 Rabat , April 2013 Madrid, 27-28th February 2014 Website : https://www6.inra.fr with dedicated location to SAFEMED project: https://www6.inra.fr/orfiquad/Projets/Projet-SAFEMED


https://www6.inra.fr/

https://www6.inra.fr/orfiquad/Projets/Projet-SAFEMED

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Ongoing/Future activities


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Ongoing/Future activities Export supply chains Conducting direct surveys in exporting countries, Data processing through statistical analysis, Theoretical analysis on the impact of norms on

export supply chain structure and organization,

International supply chains and importers’ strategies Conducting direct surveys in importing countries, Data processing through statistical analysis, Theoretical analysis on the impact of norms on

export supply chain structure and organization,


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Ongoing/Future activities Consumer analysis Consumer survey on the perception of quality and health safety

of food (Morocco), Data analysis and discussion of results of experimental auction

in Italy

Public policies for food safety Analysis of the effectiveness of public policies and tools to

facilitate and improve compliance with food safety norms in F&V Mediterranean trade, Development of a questionnaire on public policies’ perceptions by

food supply chain actors and institutions, Impact of norms on supply chain organization

Elaboration of GAP guidelines,


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