sand fly ppt
-
Upload
taqbir-talha -
Category
Documents
-
view
309 -
download
0
description
Transcript of sand fly ppt
common name: a sand fly scientific name: Lutzomyia
GROUP2Presentation on SANDFLYCommon name: a sand flyScientific name: lutzomyia shannoni dyar
CLASSIFICATION OF SANDFLYPhylum: Arthropoda.Class: Insecta.Order: DipteraFamily: Psycodidae.Genus: PhlebotomusSpecies:(a) P. papatasii (b) P. Sergenti (c) P. argentipes
3INTRODUCTIONTherere about 700 species of sandflies
70 species have been incriminated as vector
They bite human and transmit disease to them
Adult flies are mainly called sand fliesIDENTIFICATIONSandflies are light or dark brown in color Blood sucking type of dipteran flies 1.3 3.5 mm longFound mainly in tropics A few also found in temperature regionOnly females are blood eating pests and are nocturnalGENERAL CHARACTERISTICSSmall (2-3 mm)
Brown (but appear white when illuminated)
Wings held in erect V-shape
Nocturnal
Do not hover
Silent
Painful bite
LIFECYCLE
20 to 40 days30 to 70 eggshatch 1 to 2 weeks4 instarsdiapauses in 4th instarpupal development 5-10 daysadults crepuscular and nocturnalSand Fly Life Cycle
Life cycle takes 20-40 days except in diapausing species.
8
LARVAE maggot like structurehaving large headthorax & abdomentwo long bristle on last abdominal segment4 larval instarsmature larvae is 3-6 mm longlarva feed on decaying organic matter become a pupa in about 2 weeks
PUPAE Pupae are objects
measuring approximately 2.6 mm in length
looking much like a butterfly chrysalis
consisting of the terminal pseudopodium of the ninth abdominal segment and the entire eluvium of the fourth instar larva
pupa stage lasts for about 1 week
ADULT Adults are small, silvery-brownishLong-legged flies with narrow bodies Wings are less than 3 mm longNocturnal habitIt has a weak flight for short distance and for short levelsShelter during the day in dark, humid places like tree holes, animal burrows or under rocksAverage life of a sand fly is about 2 weeks
PUBLIC HEALTH IMPORTANCEAbility to transmit several viralBacterial protozoan disease
Causing organisms of humans other animals
DISEASE TRANSMITTEDPhlebotomus argentipes : Kala azar
Phlebotomus papatasi : Sand fly fever
Phlebotomus sergenti : Oriental sore
S. Punjabensis : Sand fly feverVECTOR FOR LEISHMANIASISL. donovani : visceral leishmaniasis
L.tropica : cutaneous leishmaniasis
L. braziliensis : mucocutaneous
VISCERAL LEISHMANIASISIrregular bouts of feverSubstantial weight lossSwelling of the spleen and liverAnaemia
CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS skin ulcers on the exposed parts of the body, such as the face, arms and legs
MUCOCUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS (ESPUNDIA) mucous membranes of the nosemouth and throat cavities
CONTROLSPRAY INSECTICIDES
KILLING OF RESERVOIR SPECIES
SANITATION
PERSONAL PROTECTION
SPRAY INSECTICIDESMeasures to control adult sand flies (Lutzomyia and Phlebotomus)
use of insecticides (currently mostly pyrethroids) for residual spraying of dwellings & animal sheltersspace-sprayinginsecticide-treated netsimpregnated dog-collars
personal protection through application of repellents or insecticides to skin or fabrics
KILLING OF RESERVOIR SPECIESCertain species of mammals can act as important reservoirs of Leishmania
by killing the reservoir species that are living near human habitation, disease rates can be decreased
For instance, rodenticides have been used against the Great GerbilRhombomys opimus in Central Asia
SANITATIONRemoval of shrubs and vegetation
Filling of cracks and crevices in the wall & floor
Make a distance of cattle sheds and poultry from human habitationsPERSONAL PROTECTION DDT & DIMP
Sand fly net
CONCLUTION
THE END