San Diego’s Surface Water Augmentation Projects · San Diego’s Surface Water Augmentation...

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San Diego’s Surface Water Augmentation Projects Potable Reuse via Surface Water Augmentation: Issues and Opportunities for Bay Area Agencies December 4, 2015

Transcript of San Diego’s Surface Water Augmentation Projects · San Diego’s Surface Water Augmentation...

Page 1: San Diego’s Surface Water Augmentation Projects · San Diego’s Surface Water Augmentation Projects Potable Reuse via Surface Water Augmentation: Issues and Opportunities for Bay

San Diego’s Surface Water Augmentation ProjectsPotable Reuse via Surface Water Augmentation:Issues and Opportunities for Bay Area Agencies

December 4, 2015

Page 2: San Diego’s Surface Water Augmentation Projects · San Diego’s Surface Water Augmentation Projects Potable Reuse via Surface Water Augmentation: Issues and Opportunities for Bay

topics

• San Diego’s Pure Water Program• role of a a reservoir in potable reuse• reservoir studies• regulatory approvals• current and future work

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San Diego is downstream 

San DiegoSan Diego

SAN DIEGO ISDOWNSTREAM

SAN DIEGANS ARECRANKY ABOUT

WATER

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Pure Water San Diego

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Potable reuse options

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1/3Pure Water will produce

Phase 12021 completion30 mgdNorth City AWPF to            San Vicente or Miramar 

of San Diego’swater locally

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Phase 22035 completion28 – 53 mgdCentral Area AWPF to  San Vicente or Lake Murray

1/3Pure Water will produce

of San Diego’swater locally

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Phase 3 2035 completion0 ‐ 15 mgdSouth Bay AWPF to    Otay Reservoir

Pure Water will produce

1/3of San Diego’swater locally

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The role of the reservoir in a potable reuse project

The reservoir serves as an environmental buffer that provides:

• time to respond to a treatment failure at the Advanced Water Purification Facility

• attenuation of pathogens introduced with purified water

– dilution– inactivation [aka “die off”]

• mitigation of chemical toxins, through dilution

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San Vicente Reservoir

Maximum volume 247,000 AFNormal operating pool 150,000 – 210,000 AF [design 170,000 AF]2‐1/2 miles long

outlet

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Otay Reservoir

Maximum volume 47,000 AF

Normal operating pool 30,000 – 40,000 AF [design 35,000 AF]

2‐1/2 miles longoutlet

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Miramar Reservoir

Maximum volume 7,200 AF

Normal operating pool  5,500 – 6,200 AF [design 5,800 AF]

1 mile longoutlet

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170,000 AF

35,000 AF

5,500 AF

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State Water Board [DDW] draft regulationsfor surface water augmentation

1a] 1% (100:1) dilution of any 24 hour inflow of purified water, measured at the outletor

1b] 10% (10:1) dilution any 24 hour inflow of purified water, measured at the outlet, plus an independent treatment step providing one additional log‐reduction of virus, Cryptosporidium, and Giardia

and

2] six month theoretical retention time

NWRI (2015). Final Panel Meeting Report #5: Surface Water Augmentation – IPR Criteria Review. Based on an Expert Panel Meeting Held June 2‐3, 2015 

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1990suse density stratification, a fundamental characteristic of reservoirs in southern California [and NorCal]

outflow

wind

solarradiation

hypolimnion

thermocline

epilimnionrecycled inflow

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typical density stratification in San Vicente Reservoirtemperature, 1999

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1990s achieved regulatory acceptance for reservoir augmentation project at San Vicente Reservoir

criteria for the reservoir

•use density stratification [thermocline] and selective withdrawal to minimize “short‐circuiting”

•tracer studies to demonstrate no “short‐circuiting”

•twelve month average hydraulic detention time

•blending: recycled water <50% of withdrawl

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2007 potable reuse revived in San Diegonew concepts for reservoir criteria• dilution and time to respond are the important factors

• properly treated recycled  water is “just water”• focus on a 24 hour pulse of inflowing recycled water

• focus on “worst case” events• use three‐dimensional hydrodynamic modeling to study the reservoir

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Independent Advisory Panelfull, ten‐member IAP met four times in 2009 ‐2011

four member limnology sub‐committee has met eight times, with three more meetings planned

Savage Dam at Otay Reservoir, January 2014

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use three‐dimensional hydrodynamic modeling

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ELCOM (Estuary, Lake and Coastal Ocean Model)

CAEDYM (Computational Aquatic Ecosystem Dynamic Model)

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use model to assess different inlet locations

design inlet location

½ design inlet location

outlet

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The Black Swan focus on “worst case” events

winter season when reservoir not stratified

low reservoir levels

high wind events from inlet toward outlet

relatively high north wind 

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use model to calculate dilution and time to respond

Time after injection (Days)

Cum

ulat

ive

Mas

sO

ut(%

)

Trac

er(%

)

0 20 40 600

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2Cumulative Mass Out (%)Tracer (%)@ Port 2 (Open)

11/29, Year 2 Tracer

TracerInjection

TracerRelease

Tracer Released on 12/2/2006

Days after tracer release

Trac

er(%

)

0 5 10 15 200.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

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use model to assess different inlet locations

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Key findings for San Vicente Reservoir: inlet location, dilution, and time

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Key findings for San Vicente Reservoir

• Adding purified water to the reservoir will not affect hydrologic conditions, specifically seasonal stratification

• Dilution and retention provides a substantial environmental barrier

• Purified water will be diluted at least 100:1 (1%) under all anticipated reservoir operations, at the selected purified water inlet locations 

• Adding purified water to the reservoir will not affect water quality

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California Department of Public Health concept approval

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• City submitted conceptproposal in March 2012

• concept approval letter September 7, 2012

“Based on CDPH’s review of the City’s … submittal … CDPH approves the San Vicente Reservoir Augmentation Concept.”

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State Water Board [DDW] draft regulationsfor surface water augmentation

1a] 1% (100:1) dilution of any 24 hour inflow of purified water, measured at the outletor

1b] 10% (10:1) dilution any 24 hour inflow of purified water, measured at the outlet, plus an independent treatment step providing one additional log‐reduction of virus, Cryptosporidium, and Giardia

and

2] six month theoretical retention time

NWRI (2015). Final Panel Meeting Report #5: Surface Water Augmentation – IPR Criteria Review. Based on an Expert Panel Meeting Held June 2‐3, 2015 

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north inlet location

south inlet location

Otay Reservoir: inlet locations, dilution, and time to respond

outlet

compared to San Vicente•1/6 volume•similar length•similar or greater dilutions

downwind distance,inlet to outlet, is the key characteristic

Otay Reservoir

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Title

• Text• Text

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Miramar Reservoir

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Anticipated findings for Miramar Reservoir

• scaling down from San Vicente or Otay to Miramar should provide reasonable estimates of dilution

• Miramar is one fifth the volume of Otay, and the purified water inflow rate is double; thus at Miramar expect dilutions (1/5) x (1/2) = one tenth of Otay

• expect dilutions at Miramar to be 30:1 to 60:1, and always greater than 10:1

• theoretical retention time  < 6 months [  ̴2months]

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conclusions

“Most agree a surface water reservoir does provide additional public health protection

provides additional response retention time

provides an opportunity for dilution” 

“A reservoir of any size can make an important contribution to public health protection in a potable reuse project . . . ”R. Rhodes Trussell, Trussell Technologies, Inc., presentation to DDW Advisory Panel, 20 Oct 2015

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Summary: criteria for the reservoirin a surface water augmentation project

• Metric for dilution is at handDilution of a 24 hour inflow, measured at the reservoir outlet

Can be calculated with modeling or measured with real‐world tracer studies

• Reservoir volume is important for dilution

• Distance from inlet to outlet may be more important

• Metric for response retention time yet to be worked out 

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questions and discussion

They must think I’m really

all wet.

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Regional Water BoardConcept Approval

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“The  . . . Water Board, with concurrence from USEPA, strongly supports the efforts of the City to develop the San Vicente Reservoir Augmentation Project…” 

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reservoir augmentation treatment train

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Reverse OsmosisMembrane Filtration

Tertiary Effluent

Conventional Water Treatment Plant

To Distribution System

San Vicente Reservoir

Ultraviolet Light/Advanced

Oxidation

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use model to assess different inlet locations

Page 40: San Diego’s Surface Water Augmentation Projects · San Diego’s Surface Water Augmentation Projects Potable Reuse via Surface Water Augmentation: Issues and Opportunities for Bay

density stratification is consistent:San Vicente Reservoir, 2000‐2007