San Diego, CA - Honolulu, HI 2 October - 9 November, 2011 · San Diego, CA - Honolulu, HI 2 October...
Transcript of San Diego, CA - Honolulu, HI 2 October - 9 November, 2011 · San Diego, CA - Honolulu, HI 2 October...
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CRUISE REPORT
S-237
SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN ABOARD THE
SSV ROBERT C. SEAMANS
San Diego, CA - Honolulu, HI
2 October - 9 November, 2011
Sea Education Association
Woods Hole, Massachusetts
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Citation:
Goodwin, D.S., 2011. Final Report for S.E.A. Cruise S237. Sea Education Association, Woods Hole, MA
02543, USA. www.sea.edu.
To obtain unpublished data, contact the SEA Data Archivist: Dr. Erik Zettler
Sea Education Association
P.O. Box 6
Woods Hole, MA 02543
508-540-3954 or 800-552-3633 (phone)
508-457-4673 (fax)
[email protected] (email)
www.sea.edu (website)
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Table of Contents
Table 1: Ship's company 4
Data Description 5
Figure 1: Final cruise track 5
Figure 2a: Surface water temperature, salinity & chlorophyll fluorescence 6
Figure 2b: Surface water transmissivity, CDOM fluorescence & wind vectors 7
Figure 3: Surface current vectors 8
Figure 4a: Hydrographic sections (temperature, salinity & density) 9
Figure 4b: Hydrographic sections (chlorophyll fluorescence, CDOM
fluorescence & Beam Attenuation) 10
Figure 5: ADCP upper ocean current sections 11
Table 2: Summary of oceanographic sampling stations 12
Table 3: Surface station data 14
Table 4: CTD station data 16
Table 5: Hydrocast station data 17
Table 6a: Neuston tow hydrographic data 23
Table 6b: Neuston tow biological data 25
Table 7a: Meter net hydrographic data 27
Table 7b: Meter net biological data 28
Table 8a: Zooplankton 100 count data 29
Table 8b: Zooplankton 100 count data (continued) 32
Table 11: Phytoplankton net data 35
Table 12: Secchi disk data 35
Table 15: ARGO float deployment data 35
Table 16: Student research projects 36
Student Research Project Abstracts 37
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Table 1: S237 Ship's Company, SSV Robert C. Seamans
Nautical Staff
Jason Quilter Captain
Colleen Allard Chief Mate
Jeremy Dann Second Mate
Sarah Herard Third Mate
James O'Hare Chief Engineer
Mackenzie Haberman Assistant Engineer
Chris Sullivan Steward
M. Kelsey Lane Assistant Steward
Sarah Felder Deckhand
Kate Tanski Deckhand
David Shire Deckhand
Scientific Staff
Deb Goodwin Chief Scientist
Katy Hunter First Assistant Scientist
Greg Boyd Second Assistant Scientist
Anne Handschy Third Assistant Scientist
Students
Ryne Beeding Bluegrass Community College
Chad Bowker Siena College
James Campbell Boston College
Justine Cyr University of Maine, Presque Isle
Tara Haney University of North Carolina - Wilmington
Stephen Johnson Rochester Institute of Technology
Christopher Klein Colorado College
Brendan Kohrn Reed College
Sonia McCallum University of Massachusetts, Amherst
Justine Paradis Vassar College
F. Clare Robins Lesley University
Josh Sorosky Chapman University
Maximilian Spielmann Cornell University
Katherine Stetson Colorado College
Aisha Weinhold Prescott College
Dana Wilfahrt Roger Williams University
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Data Description
During the S237 six-week passage from San Diego, CA to Honolulu, HI (Figure 1), SSV Robert C.
Seamans and her crew transited several oceanographic provinces and climate regimes, the differences
among which formed the basis for our research program. From the cold, nutrient-rich upwelled waters of
the California continental shelf and slope, we sailed south and west to enter the eastern North Pacific
gyre. For just over two weeks we traveled through and explored the warmer, saltier and nutrient-poor
waters of the gyre while heading for the equatorial region. Once within the North Equatorial Current,
tropical waters offered a variety of highly productive biological communities and unique hydrographic
conditions; our southernmost point was just into the Equatorial Countercurrent. We then enjoyed a trade
wind passage north and west through the North Pacific gyre and into Hawaiian waters.
Oceanographic data were collected along the entirety of the cruise track during 67 stations comprised of
170 individual deployments (summarized in Table 2; detailed in Tables 3 - 13) as well as related chemical
analyses for nutrients, extracted chlorophyll, seawater pH and alkalinity (Tables 3 and 5). Furthermore,
continuous surface water measurements (sea surface temperature, salinity, in vivo chlorophyll
fluorescence, CDOM fluorescence and transmissivity by the ship's flow-through system; Figure 2), water
depth and sub-bottom profiles (CHIRP system), upper ocean currents (ADCP; Figures 3 and 5), and
meteorological data were gathered. CTD casts with additional complementary instrumentation obtained
vertical water column profiles of temperature, salinity, chlorophyll fluorescence, CDOM fluorescence,
beam attenuation and photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) (Figure 4). As part of a collaboration
with NOAA’s Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, two ARGO floats were deployed in the North
Pacific gyre (Table 11). Lengthy CTD, CHIRP, ADCP and flow-through data are not fully presented here;
all unpublished data can be made available by arrangement with the SEA Data Archivist (contact
information, p. 2).
Data supported both ongoing SEA
research projects and a diverse
suite of student-designed
investigations (Table 12 and
abstracts p. 37). Research topics
included species- and community-
level biogeographic studies,
temporal and morphological
indicators of ocean acidification,
ENSO influences on water
column structure, dynamics of the
deep chlorophyll maximum,
ground truthing of satellite remote
sensing information, size
distributions of plastic pollution,
and development of microbial
biofilms. The resulting student
manuscripts are available upon
request from Deb Goodwin, S237
Chief Scientist.
Figure 1. Final cruise track for S237 based on hourly (local time) positions. The voyage began in San Diego, CA and
concluded in Honolulu, HI, with no port stops.
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Figure 2a. Surface water temperature (°C), salinity (psu) and chlorophyll fluorescence (volts) for S237. Note that the chlorophyll fluorometer sensitivity was not properly adjusted until week two.
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Figure 2b. Surface water transmissivity (volts), CDOM fluorescence (volts) and wind vectors (m/s) for S237. Wind speeds are measured by an anemometer located at the top of the foremast.
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Figure 3: Surface current vectors (mm/s) for the S237 cruise track. Note that 500 mm/s is approximately 1.0
knot.
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Figure 4a: Hydrographic along-track sections for S237. Oceanographic regions indicated below density
section apply to all plots.
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Figure 4b: Hydrographic along-track sections for S237. Note oceanographic regions indicated below beam
attenuation section apply to all plots.
Data obtained during hydrocast and CTD stations utilizing Seabird 19-plus profiler (CTDs S/N 4043 and 4027) with
Seapoint in-situ chlorophyll-a fluorometer (S/N 3149), WETLabs Wetstar transmissometer (S/N CST-625PR) and
WETLabs C-Star CDOM fluorometer (S/N WSCD-1258).
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Figure 5: ADCP upper ocean current magnitude and direction along-track sections for S237. Note that
500 mm/s is approximately 1.0 knot. Oceanographic regions in Figure 4 also apply to these plots.
In Table 2 (next page), abbreviations for oceanographic equipment deployed are: NT – neuston tow; MN – 1 meter net
(oblique tow); 2MN - 2 meter net (oblique tow); PN – phytoplankton net; HC – hydrocast with 12 Niskin bottles, CTD and
optical instrumentation; CTD – conductivity, temperature and depth profiler with chlorophyll fluorometer; ML - minilogger
CTD; SD – secchi disk; SG – shipek grab; and ARGO – NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory ARGO float.
General Locales are categorized by traditional oceanic biomes.
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Table 2: Summary of oceanographic sampling stations for S237.
Station
Number
(S237-)
Date Time
(Local)
Log
(nm)
Latitude
(deg N)
Longitude
(deg W) NT MN 2MN PN HC CTD ML SD ARGO General Locale
1 4-Oct-11 1037 105.4 32.032 -119.278 x x x California Current
2 4-Oct-11 2223 142.8 31.900 -119.677 x x x California Current
3 5-Oct-11 1043 186.6 31.880 -120.527 x x x California Current
4 6-Oct-11 0007 236.2 31.607 -121.235 x California Current
5 6-Oct-11 1030 291.0 31.212 -122.042 x x x California Current
6 6-Oct-11 2229 348.0 30.813 -122.785 x x x California Current
7 7-Oct-11 1046 410.4 30.340 -123.673 x x x N. Pacific Gyre 8 8-Oct-11 0003 478.0 29.770 -124.787 x N. Pacific Gyre 9 8-Oct-11 1034 534.0 29.390 -125.760 x x x N. Pacific Gyre
10 8-Oct-11 2224 581.4 28.837 -126.512 x x x N. Pacific Gyre 11 9-Oct-11 1036 634.1 28.492 -127.312 x x x N. Pacific Gyre 12 9-Oct-11 2358 686.5 28.030 -128.148 x N. Pacific Gyre 13 10-Oct-11 1033 723.3 27.763 -128.780 x x x N. Pacific Gyre 14 10-Oct-11 2239 757.5 27.457 -125.395 x x x N. Pacific Gyre 15 11-Oct-11 1115 808.8 27.457 -125.395 x x x N. Pacific Gyre 16 12-Oct-11 0002 860.4 25.690 -129.313 x N. Pacific Gyre 17 12-Oct-11 1030 907.0 24.838 -129.378 x x x N. Pacific Gyre 18 12-Oct-11 2232 946.2 24.135 -129.298 x x x N. Pacific Gyre 19 13-Oct-11 1055 983.0 23.435 -129.278 x x x N. Pacific Gyre 20 14-Oct-11 0000 1009.5 22.825 -129.335 x N. Pacific Gyre 21 14-Oct-11 0956 1079.8 21.472 -129.398 x x x x N. Pacific Gyre 22 14-Oct-11 2230 1126.4 20.888 -129.353 x x x N. Pacific Gyre 23 15-Oct-11 1052 1219.5 19.238 -129.462 x x x N. Pacific Gyre 24 16-Oct-11 0004 1272.4 18.275 -129.433 x N. Pacific Gyre 25 16-Oct-11 1011 1340.3 17.158 -129.583 x x x x N. Pacific Gyre 26 16-Oct-11 2304 1370.2 16.555 -129.665 x x x N. Pacific Gyre 27 17-Oct-11 1106 1420.7 15.647 -129.632 x x x x N. Pacific Gyre 28 17-Oct-11 2209 1472.0 14.837 -129.750 x x x N. Pacific Gyre 29 18-Oct-11 1009 1524.2 13.878 -129.883 x x x x Eq. Current System
30 18-Oct-11 2247 1569.5 13.072 -129.967 x x x Eq. Current System
31 19-Oct-11 1050 1623.2 12.258 -129.972 x x x x Eq. Current System
32 19-Oct-11 2345 1664.4 11.682 -130.163 x Eq. Current System
33 20-Oct-11 1009 1702.9 11.117 -130.363 x x x x Eq. Current System
34 20-Oct-11 2226 1724.5 10.703 -130.785 x x x Eq. Current System
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Table 2: Summary of oceanographic sampling stations for S237 (continued).
Station
Number
(S237-)
Date Time
(Local)
Log
(nm)
Latitude
(deg N)
Longitude
(deg W) NT MN 2MN PN HC CTD ML SD ARGO General Locale
35 21-Oct-11 1010 1767.1 10.020 -113.183 x x x x Eq. Current System 36 21-Oct-11 2210 1814.6 10.527 -131.725 x Eq. Current System 37 22-Oct-11 0048 1816.6 10.497 -131.755 x Eq. Current System 38 22-Oct-11 0405 1832.6 10.533 -131.990 x Eq. Current System 39 22-Oct-11 1019 1864.0 10.638 -132.532 x x x x Eq. Current System 40 23-Oct-11 0017 1901.4 10.702 -133.335 x Eq. Current System 41 23-Oct-11 1002 1946.9 10.823 -134.200 x x x x Eq. Current System 42 24-Oct-11 0018 1977.9 10.888 -134.883 x x x Eq. Current System 43 24-Oct-11 1019 2029.5 11.345 -135.722 x x x x Eq. Current System 44 24-Oct-11 1515 2031.1 11.340 -135.843 x Eq. Current System 45 24-Oct-11 2239 2075.0 11.522 -126.455 x x x Eq. Current System 46 25-Oct-11 1011 2133.3 11.773 -137.557 x x x x Eq. Current System 47 26-Oct-11 0002 2195.5 12.335 -138.862 x Eq. Current System 48 26-Oct-11 1022 2241.7 12.797 -138.558 x x x x Eq. Current System 49 26-Oct-11 2248 2292.0 13.193 -140.372 x x x Eq. Current System 50 27-Oct-11 1033 2375.8 14.235 -141.332 x x x x Eq. Current System 51 27-Oct-11 2255 2424.2 14.648 -142.107 x N. Pacific Gyre 52 28-Oct-11 1006 2457.5 15.100 -142.573 x x x N. Pacific Gyre 53 28-Oct-11 2252 2502.0 15.598 -143.262 x x N. Pacific Gyre 54 29-Oct-11 1038 2855.6 15.995 -144.052 x x N. Pacific Gyre 55 29-Oct-11 2156 2616.6 16.515 -145.030 x N. Pacific Gyre 56 30-Oct-11 1008 2657.5 16.622 -145.785 x x x x x N. Pacific Gyre 57 30-Oct-11 2250 2705.4 16.822 -146.675 x x x N. Pacific Gyre 58 31-Oct-11 1107 2747.5 16.787 -147.468 x x N. Pacific Gyre 59 1-Nov-11 0001 2799.0 16.935 -148.430 x N. Pacific Gyre 60 1-Nov-11 1249 2853.0 17.255 -149.415 x N. Pacific Gyre 61 1-Nov-11 2237 2909.0 17.652 -150.373 x x N. Pacific Gyre 62 2-Nov-11 1203 2963.8 18.118 -152.365 x N. Pacific Gyre 63 2-Nov-11 2230 3022.2 18.390 -152.185 x x x x Hawaiian Waters
64 3-Nov-11 0935 3059.0 18.418 -152.900 x x Hawaiian Waters
65 3-Nov-11 2359 3113.0 18.575 -153.888 x Hawaiian Waters
66 4-Nov-11 1224 3168.5 19.072 -154.755 x x Hawaiian Waters
67 5-Nov-11 1130 3276.9 19.452 -155.988 x Hawaiian Waters
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Table 3: Surface station data for S237.
Station
Number
(S237-)
Date Time
(Local)
Log
(nm)
Latitude
(deg N)
Longitude
(deg W)
Sea Surface
Temperature
(°C)
Salinity
(ppt)
Chlorophyll
Fluorescence
(volts)
CDOM
Fluorescence
(volts)
Chl-a
(µg/L)
PO4
(µM)
NO3
(µM) pH
Total
Alkalinity
(Meq/L)
SS-001 4-Oct-11 1354 105.4 32.030 -119.215 19.5 33.53 0.1 0.0 0.156 7.327 2.030 7.970
SS-002 5-Oct-11 0003 HB 31.935 -119.958 19.4 33.53 0.1 71.5 0.186 0.059 2.086 7.944
SS-003 5-Oct-11 1115 186.8 31.862 -120.540 19.2 33.25 0.1 71.2 0.155 0.206 7.969
SS-004 6-Oct-11 0015 236.2 31.607 -121.245 19.4 33.30 0.1 71.8 0.096 0.094 0.974 7.968 1.81
SS-005 6-Oct-11 1244 291.0 31.203 -121.997 19.5 33.27 0.1 71.6 0.128 57.090 5.126
SS-006 6-Oct-11 2258 348.2 30.817 -122.762 19.6 33.29 0.1 71.3 0.103 0.147 -0.070 7.998 2.45
SS-007 7-Oct-11 1114 410.5 30.335 -123.652 19.3 33.16 0.1 71.1 0.086 0.188 2.623 7.943
SS-008 8-Oct-11 0010 478.3 29.770 -124.787 20.3 33.53 0.1 71.9 0.085 0.135 1.924 7.976 1.87
SS-009 8-Oct-11 1301 534.5 29.352 -125.752 20.0 33.27 0.1 71.8 0.107 0.077 0.046 7.941
SS-010 8-Oct-11 2248 581.5 28.963 -126.503 20.8 33.89 0.1 71.5 0.084 0.077 -0.254 7.932 1.95
SS-011 9-Oct-11 1024 634.1 28.495 -127.313 21.1 34.23 0.1 71.8 0.123 -0.217 0.399
SS-012 10-Oct-11 0004 686.5 28.028 -128.147 21.1 34.08 0.1 71.5 0.102 -0.205 1.094 8.030 2.45
SS-013 10-Oct-11 1313 723.4 27.700 -128.782 21.0 34.05 0.1 71.6 0.110 -0.076 0.987 8.050
SS-014 10-Oct-11 2302 757.5 27.457 -129.395 21.4 34.30 0.1 71.5 0.108 -0.176 -0.065 8.001 1.95
SS-015 11-Oct-11 1142 809.0 26.572 -129.410 21.8 34.57 0.1 71.3 0.103 0.129 0.076 8.032
SS-016 12-Oct-11 0015 861.2 25.677 -129.308 21.8 34.44 0.1 71.4 0.113 0.124 -0.177 7.991 1.46
SS-017 12-Oct-11 1310 907.0 24.725 -129.388 22.2 34.89 0.1 70.7 0.213 -0.199 -0.203 8.072
SS-018 12-Oct-11 2257 945.6 24.128 -129.288 22.1 34.64 0.1 71.3 0.108 -0.017 -0.005 7.975 1.46
SS-019 13-Oct-11 1122 983.2 23.418 -129.263 22.4 34.65 0.1 71.6 0.076 0.082 -0.203 7.965
SS-020 14-Oct-11 0006 1009.8 22.820 -129.337 22.7 34.29 0.1 70.5 0.142 0.041 -0.061 7.965 2.00
SS-021 14-Oct-11 1300 1079.8 21.498 -129.390 23.2 34.33 0.1 68.1 0.084 -0.105 -0.121 8.010
SS-022 14-Oct-11 2301 1126.2 20.875 -129.468 23.6 34.61 0.1 68.1 0.107 0.212 1.099 7.889 3.82
SS-023 15-Oct-11 1118 1219.7 19.225 -129.468 24.4 34.64 0.1 68.0 0.092 0.147 -0.246 7.998
SS-024 16-Oct-11 0004 1272.4 18.273 -129.433 24.5 34.82 1.1 67.0 0.091 -0.135 0.051 7.959 1.99
SS-025 16-Oct-11 1313 1340.3 17.145 -129.592 26.2 34.93 1.0 68.0 0.125 -0.017 -0.306 8.079
SS-026 16-Oct-11 2304 1370.2 16.545 -129.660 25.6 34.96 1.1 67.0 0.084 -0.064 -0.100 8.005 4.54
SS-027 17-Oct-11 1142 1420.1 15.620 -129.632 26.8 34.59 1.1 68.1 0.160 0.047 0.274 8.028
SS-028 18-Oct-11 0012 1472.1 14.728 -129.792 26.9 34.70 1.3 68.1 0.161 -0.041 0.811 8.059 1.09
SS-029 18-Oct-11 1338 1524.2 13.830 -129.943 27.3 34.47 1.1 68.2 0.220 -0.035 0.184 7.943
SS-030 18-Oct-11 2320 1570.0 13.055 -129.963 27.2 34.02 1.3 68.1 0.242 0.118 1.738 8.101 2.08
SS-031 19-Oct-11 1231 1623.5 12.257 -129.997 27.6 34.20 1.1 68.2 0.214 0.059 5.088 8.062
SS-032 19-Oct-11 2351 1664.6 11.677 -130.163 27.7 33.97 1.3 68.1 0.166 -0.093 1.799 8.051 1.88
SS-033 20-Oct-11 1315 1703.1 11.677 -130.432 27.8 33.79 1.4 68.1 0.399 0.112 0.386 8.060
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Table 3: Surface station data for S237 (continued).
Station
Number
(S237-)
Date Time
(Local)
Log
(nm)
Latitude
(deg N)
Longitude
(deg W)
Sea Surface
Temperature
(°C)
Salinity
(ppt)
Chlorophyll
Fluorescence
(volts)
CDOM
Fluorescence
(volts)
Chl-a
(µg/L)
PO4
(µM)
NO3
(µM) pH
Total
Alkalinity
(Meq/L)
SS-034 20-Oct-11 2358 1725.0 10.655 -130.837 27.4 33.236 4.0 71.1 0.270 -0.023 0.712 8.045 2.49
SS-035 21-Oct-11 1138 1767.2 9.990 -131.195 27.5 33.730 1.80 71.1 0.190 0.106 0.476 7.984
SS-036 22-Oct-11 0048 1816.6 10.497 -131.755 27.3 33.763 3.4 71.2 0.173 0.199 0.338 7.978 2.36
SS-037 22-Oct-11 1414 1864.0 10.610 -132.343 27.5 33.700 1.7 68.2 0.101 0.071 0.472 8.033
SS-038 22-Oct-11 0027 1801.4 10.698 -133.340 27.2 33.584 3.3 68.2 0.115 0.206 5.243 8.026 2.57
SS-039 23-Oct-11 1138 1946.9 10.803 -134.227 27.0 33.665 1.9 69.9 0.121 0.200 8.445 7.895
SS-040 24-Oct-11 0044 1978.8 10.880 -134.888 26.7 33.640 4.6 68.8 0.253 0.270 9.088 8.094 2.22
SS-041 24-Oct-11 1342 2030.0 11.320 -135.753 26.4 33.717 2.9 66.8 0.270 0.452 11.826 7.765
SS-042 24-Oct-11 2312 2075.2 11.502 -136.460 25.4 34.016 5.2 71.2 0.205 0.798 59.148 7.924 1.54
SS-043 24-Oct-11 1258 2134.0 11.702 -137.668 25.4 34.281 2.3 68.5 0.277 0.331 13.241 8.104
SS-044 26-Oct-11 0011 2195.6 12.330 -138.950 26.2 34.007 5.0 71.2 0.310 0.339 6.804 8.436 2.07
SS-045 26-Oct-11 1324 2241.7 12.755 -139.600 27.1 33.969 1.7 68.9 0.252 0.158 0.415 8.069
SS-046 26-Oct-11 2316 2295.2 13.170 -140.380 26.9 34.221 1.9 68.1 0.226 -0.189 -0.214 8.100
SS-047 27-Oct-11 1215 2376.0 14.205 -141.347 23.9 34.206 1.2 68.1 0.176 -0.205 -0.444 8.069
SS-048 28-Oct-11 0011 2424.7 14.647 -142.107 26.5 34.578 1.2 68.1 0.121 -0.086 -0.068 8.102 2.28
SS-049 28-Oct-11 1452 2459.5 15.015 -142.720 26.3 34.788 1.2 68.7 0.121 -0.086 -0.119
SS-050 28-Oct-11 2234 2501.3 15.568 -143.270 25.7 35.054 1.5 67.1 0.134 -0.119 0.758 7.979 2.39
SS-051 29-Oct-11 1113 2555.8 15.965 -144.062 25.8 35.021 1.6 68.2 0.204 -0.016 0.671 7.987
SS-052 30-Oct-11 0006 2617.3 16.512 -145.040 25.9 34.825 1.3 68.1 0.170 0.005 0.305 8.009
SS-053 30-Oct-11 1318 2697.5 16.640 -145.837 25.8 34.990 1.1 67.7 0.142 0.005 1.511 7.981
SS-054 30-Oct-11 2330 2705.7 16.800 -146.687 25.6 35.039 1.4 65.2 0.125 -0.065 1.833 8.122 2.21
SS-055 31-Oct-11 1120 2747.6 16.765 -147.480 25.5 35.059 1.2 67.8 0.130 -0.057 2.557 8.008
All surface stations gathered data from a SeaBird Thermosalinograph and three auxiliary instruments (WETLabs WetStar transmissometer (S/N CST-588PR),
WETLabs C-Star CDOM fluorometer (S/N WSCD-1257), and Turner Designs Model 10-AU in vivo chlorophyll-a fluorometer (S/N 6493-RXX). Extracted
chlorophyll-a samples were filtered through 0.45 µm filters and measured with a Turner Designs Model 10-AU fluorometer. Seawater pH was determined using
m-cresol purple indicator dye and spectrophotometry. Nutrients (PO4 and NO3) were assessed with colorometric spectrophotometry. A blank space indicates that
no sample was collected for that analysis. Note that the flow-through chlorophyll-a fluorometer sensitivity was not properly adjusted until 15 Oct 2011;
fluorescence readings from SS-001 to SS-023 should be treated as incorrect.
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Table 4: CTD station data for S237. Station locations as in Table 2.
Station
Number
(S237-)
Date Time
(Local)
Sea Surface
Temperature
(°C)
Chlorophyll
Fluorescence
(volts)
Salinity
(psu)
Water
Depth (m)
Cast
Depth (m)
Additional
Instrumentation General Locale
001-CTD 4-Oct-11 1037 19.4 0.1 33.54 1535 763 Chl-a/3149 California Current
005-CTD 6-Oct-11 1030 19.5 0.1 33.33 3930 752 Chl-a/3149 N. Pacific Gyre
009-CTD 8-Oct-11 1034 20.0 0.1 33.26 4331 935 Chl-a/3149 N. Pacific Gyre
013-CTD 10-Oct-11 1033 20.9 0.1 33.95 4313 983 Chl-a/3149 N. Pacific Gyre
017-CTD 12-Oct-11 1030 22.1 0.1 34.78 4486 943 Chl-a/3149 N. Pacific Gyre
021-CTD 14-Oct-11 0956 23.0 0.1 34.30 4671 990 Chl-a/3149 N. Pacific Gyre
025-CTD 16-Oct-11 1011 25.9 1.1 34.90 4768 1002 Chl-a/3149 Eq. Current System
029-CTD 18-Oct-11 1009 27.3 1.2 34.53 4805 815 Chl-a/3149 Eq. Current System
031-CTD 19-Oct-11 1050 27.4 1.2 34.21 4914 961 Chl-a/3149 Eq. Current System
033-CTD 20-Oct-11 1009 27.8 1.4 33.91 4799 905 Chl-a/3149 Eq. Current System
035-CTD 21-Oct-11 1010 27.3 2.2 33.71 4956 598 Chl-a/3149 Eq. Current System
039-CTD 22-Oct-11 1019 27.4 1.4 33.72 4891 861 Chl-a/3149 Eq. Current System
041-CTD 23-Oct-11 1002 27.0 1.9 33.65 4896 540 Chl-a/3149 Eq. Current System
043-CTD 24-Oct-11 1019 26.5 2.1 33.77 5060 990 Chl-a/3149 Eq. Current System
046-CTD 25-Oct-11 1011 25.8 2.3 34.20 4870 359 Chl-a/3149 Eq. Current System
048-CTD 26-Oct-11 1022 27.0 1.9 34.00 4938 945 Chl-a/3149 N. Pacific Gyre
050-CTD 27-Oct-11 1033 26.8 1.3 34.20 4900 577 Chl-a/3149 N. Pacific Gyre
052-CTD 28-Oct-11 1006 26.2 1.2 34.67 5264 910 Chl-a/3149 N. Pacific Gyre
056-CTD 30-Oct-11 1008 25.7 1.1 34.99 4744 936 Chl-a/3149 N. Pacific Gyre
061-CTD 1-Nov-11 2237 26.0 1.2 35.03 5488 871 Chl-a/3149 N. Pacific Gyre
066-CTD 4-Nov-11 1106 25.8 1.2 34.99 5158 877 Chl-a/3149 Hawaiian Waters
All CTD data collected with a Seabird 19-plus profiler (CTD S/N 4027) with optional Seapoint in-situ chlorophyll-a fluorometer (S/N 3149). Note that the flow-
through chlorophyll-a fluorometer sensitivity was not properly adjusted until 15 Oct 2011; fluorescence readings from CTD stations 001 to 021 should be treated
as incorrect.
17
Table 5: Hydrocast station data for S237. Station locations as in Table 2.
Station
Number
(S237-)
Date Time
(Local) General Locale Bottle
Bottle
Depth
(m)
Winkle
Oxygen
(mL/L)
Chl a
(µg/L)
PO4
(µM)
NO3
(µM)
Temperature
(°C)
Salinity
(psu)
Density
(kg/m3)
001-HC 4-Oct-11 1221 California Current 1 DNF N/A N/A N/A
001-HC 4-Oct-11 1221 California Current 2 DNF N/A N/A N/A
001-HC 4-Oct-11 1221 California Current 3 DNF N/A N/A N/A
001-HC 4-Oct-11 1221 California Current 4 DNF N/A N/A N/A
001-HC 4-Oct-11 1221 California Current 5 DNF N/A N/A N/A
001-HC 4-Oct-11 1221 California Current 6 DNF N/A N/A N/A
001-HC 4-Oct-11 1221 California Current 7 DNF N/A N/A N/A
001-HC 4-Oct-11 1221 California Current 8 DNF N/A N/A N/A
001-HC 4-Oct-11 1221 California Current 9 DNF N/A N/A N/A
001-HC 4-Oct-11 1221 California Current 10 DNF N/A N/A N/A
001-HC 4-Oct-11 1221 California Current 11 DNF N/A N/A N/A
001-HC 4-Oct-11 1221 California Current 12 DNF N/A N/A N/A
005-HC 6-Oct-11 1149 N. Pacific Gyre 1 233.131 8.3412 33.9885 26.432
005-HC 6-Oct-11 1149 N. Pacific Gyre 2 233.238 8.345 33.9879 26.4309
005-HC 6-Oct-11 1149 N. Pacific Gyre 3 232.491 8.3462 33.9877 26.4306
005-HC 6-Oct-11 1149 N. Pacific Gyre 4 198.736 0.007 2.036 67.934 8.7485 33.9289 26.3223
005-HC 6-Oct-11 1149 N. Pacific Gyre 5 149.569 9.4109 33.611 25.9675
005-HC 6-Oct-11 1149 N. Pacific Gyre 6 99.956 0.294 0.534 11.513 12.0648 33.3137 25.2698
005-HC 6-Oct-11 1149 N. Pacific Gyre 7 89.922 13.0448 33.3731 25.1263
005-HC 6-Oct-11 1149 N. Pacific Gyre 8 89.878 13.2073 33.3445 25.0718
005-HC 6-Oct-11 1149 N. Pacific Gyre 9 89.449 0.393 2.983 13.2199 33.3203 25.0506
005-HC 6-Oct-11 1149 N. Pacific Gyre 10 50.097 0.203 0.205 0.772 15.2447 33.0562 24.4221
005-HC 6-Oct-11 1149 N. Pacific Gyre 11 25.188 0.161 0.311 0.431 19.0304 33.2459 23.6744
005-HC 6-Oct-11 1149 N. Pacific Gyre 12 10.111 19.0797 33.2524 23.6662
009-HC 8-Oct-11 1153 N. Pacific Gyre 1 236 7.5029 34.04 26.6
009-HC 8-Oct-11 1153 N. Pacific Gyre 2 325.9 7.5125 34.04 26.6
009-HC 8-Oct-11 1153 N. Pacific Gyre 3 298.2 0.006 2.235 71.018 7.8609 34.01 26.52
009-HC 8-Oct-11 1153 N. Pacific Gyre 4 198.6 9.343 33.74 26.08
009-HC 8-Oct-11 1153 N. Pacific Gyre 5 148.8 0.158 0.546 10.974 11.2038 33.37 25.47
009-HC 8-Oct-11 1153 N. Pacific Gyre 6 99.7 14.0286 33.18 24.77
009-HC 8-Oct-11 1153 N. Pacific Gyre 7 98.9 14.0582 33.18 24.77
009-HC 8-Oct-11 1153 N. Pacific Gyre 8 96.8 14.1157 33.19 24.77
009-HC 8-Oct-11 1153 N. Pacific Gyre 9 96.5 0.388 0.305 0.986 14.227 33.14 24.71
18
Table 5: Hydrocast station data for S237 (continued).
Station
Number
(S237-)
Date Time
(Local) General Locale Bottle
Bottle
Depth
(m)
Winkle
Oxygen
(mL/L)
Chl a
(µg/L)
PO4
(µM)
NO3
(µM)
Temperature
(°C)
Salinity
(psu)
Density
(kg/m3)
009-HC 8-Oct-11 1153 N. Pacific Gyre 10 49.6 0.189 0.241 0.571 17.3991 33.26 24.09
009-HC 8-Oct-11 1153 N. Pacific Gyre 11 24.4 0.116 0.153 0.423 19.6694 33.26 23.52
009-HC 8-Oct-11 1153 N. Pacific Gyre 12 10.5 0.112 0.276 0.606 19.6899 33.26 23.51
013-HC 10-Oct-11 1208 N. Pacific Gyre 1 308.129 8.0007 34.02 26.51
013-HC 10-Oct-11 1208 N. Pacific Gyre 2 306.934 8.0135 34.02 26.51
013-HC 10-Oct-11 1208 N. Pacific Gyre 3 298.091 0.004 2.217 64.897 8.1569 34 26.47
013-HC 10-Oct-11 1208 N. Pacific Gyre 4 198.745 0.026 1.297 39.719 10.4597 33.69 25.85
013-HC 10-Oct-11 1208 N. Pacific Gyre 5 149.297 14.6047 33.85 25.18
013-HC 10-Oct-11 1208 N. Pacific Gyre 6 98.836 16.1794 33.96 24.91
013-HC 10-Oct-11 1208 N. Pacific Gyre 7 97.57 16.2569 33.98 24.9
013-HC 10-Oct-11 1208 N. Pacific Gyre 8 97.088 16.359 33.98 24.88
013-HC 10-Oct-11 1208 N. Pacific Gyre 9 97.098 0.470 0.129 1.800 16.4777 33.96 24.84
013-HC 10-Oct-11 1208 N. Pacific Gyre 10 49.456 0.261 0.141 -0.315 17.9367 33.97 24.5
013-HC 10-Oct-11 1208 N. Pacific Gyre 11 24.863 0.135 0.200 -0.355 20.6104 33.93 23.79
013-HC 10-Oct-11 1208 N. Pacific Gyre 12 9.834 0.16 0.205 -0.568 20.6166 33.94 23.79
017-HC 12-Oct-11 1156 N. Pacific Gyre 1 571.733 0.12 5.3967 34.23 27.03
017-HC 12-Oct-11 1156 N. Pacific Gyre 2 496.805 0.15 5.8453 34.14 26.9
017-HC 12-Oct-11 1156 N. Pacific Gyre 3 396.846 3.69 7.1775 34.07 26.67
017-HC 12-Oct-11 1156 N. Pacific Gyre 4 298.267 3.98 -0.001 1.924 8.9632 34.02 26.36
017-HC 12-Oct-11 1156 N. Pacific Gyre 5 199.191 5.29 0.139 0.381 12.815 33.88 25.56
017-HC 12-Oct-11 1156 N. Pacific Gyre 6 89.964 19.2499 34.69 24.72
017-HC 12-Oct-11 1156 N. Pacific Gyre 7 90.09 19.3124 34.64 24.67
017-HC 12-Oct-11 1156 N. Pacific Gyre 8 88.912 19.3236 34.68 24.69
017-HC 12-Oct-11 1156 N. Pacific Gyre 9 86.662 5.48 0.168 0.233 19.4675 34.72 24.69
017-HC 12-Oct-11 1156 N. Pacific Gyre 10 48.883 0.316 0.123 0.551 21.5682 34.86 24.24
017-HC 12-Oct-11 1156 N. Pacific Gyre 11 25.041 5.26 0.221 0.211 0.793 21.7356 34.8 24.14
017-HC 12-Oct-11 1156 N. Pacific Gyre 12 10.611 0.115 0.241 2.131 21.8062 34.8 24.12
021-HC 14-Oct-11 1120 N. Pacific Gyre 1 576.456 1.06 6.2314 34.42 27.07
021-HC 14-Oct-11 1120 N. Pacific Gyre 2 496.373 0.96 6.5764 34.38 26.99
021-HC 14-Oct-11 1120 N. Pacific Gyre 3 396.998 1.25 0.003 3.086 82.200 7.4663 34.27 26.78
021-HC 14-Oct-11 1120 N. Pacific Gyre 4 297.471 2.03 0.003 2.610 81.582 8.7297 34.23 26.56
021-HC 14-Oct-11 1120 N. Pacific Gyre 5 199.092 11.0659 33.98 25.97
021-HC 14-Oct-11 1120 N. Pacific Gyre 6 124.452 17.7017 34.17 24.72
19
Table 5: Hydrocast station data for S237 (continued).
Station
Number
(S237-)
Date Time
(Local) General Locale Bottle
Bottle
Depth
(m)
Winkle
Oxygen
(mL/L)
Chl a
(µg/L)
PO4
(µM)
NO3
(µM)
Temperature
(°C)
Salinity
(psu)
Density
(kg/m3)
021-HC 14-Oct-11 1120 N. Pacific Gyre 7 123.622 17.8569 34.19 24.69
021-HC 14-Oct-11 1120 N. Pacific Gyre 8 123.007 17.991 34.18 24.65
021-HC 14-Oct-11 1120 N. Pacific Gyre 9 121.807 4.99 0.520 0.288 1.063 18.061 34.17 24.62
021-HC 14-Oct-11 1120 N. Pacific Gyre 10 49.622 0.108 0.252 -0.069 22.3409 34.35 23.63
021-HC 14-Oct-11 1120 N. Pacific Gyre 11 25.299 4.99 0.075 0.252 0.205 22.3658 34.32 23.6
021-HC 14-Oct-11 1120 N. Pacific Gyre 12 10.93 0.095 0.229 0.177 22.4638 34.33 23.58
025-HC 16-Oct-11 1147 N. Pacific Gyre 1 564.694 1.04 7.0318 34.48 27.01
025-HC 16-Oct-11 1147 N. Pacific Gyre 2 497.366 1.19 7.6002 34.49 26.94
025-HC 16-Oct-11 1147 N. Pacific Gyre 3 396.899 1.36 0.007 8.8244 34.53 26.79
025-HC 16-Oct-11 1147 N. Pacific Gyre 4 298.15 1.69 0.009 3.015 82.019 10.2911 34.55 26.56
025-HC 16-Oct-11 1147 N. Pacific Gyre 5 199.159 11.8354 34.36 26.13
025-HC 16-Oct-11 1147 N. Pacific Gyre 6 124.613 17.0782 34.25 24.93
025-HC 16-Oct-11 1147 N. Pacific Gyre 7 123.908 17.2746 34.25 24.88
025-HC 16-Oct-11 1147 N. Pacific Gyre 8 123.335 17.2428 34.23 24.87
025-HC 16-Oct-11 1147 N. Pacific Gyre 9 122.758 5.47 0.446 0.681 8.884 17.3879 34.31 24.9
025-HC 16-Oct-11 1147 N. Pacific Gyre 10 50.234 5.14 0.114 0.188 1.051 21.9437 34.65 23.97
025-HC 16-Oct-11 1147 N. Pacific Gyre 11 25.243 25.0849 34.95 23.28
025-HC 16-Oct-11 1147 N. Pacific Gyre 12 10.146 4.78 0.15 0.235 0.688 25.3648 34.94 23.18
029-HC 18-Oct-11 1209 Eq. Current System 1 523.609 1.13 7.0895 34.52 27.03
029-HC 18-Oct-11 1209 Eq. Current System 2 496.932 1.11 7.3548 34.52 27
029-HC 18-Oct-11 1209 Eq. Current System 3 397.709 1.08 8.6637 34.57 26.84
029-HC 18-Oct-11 1209 Eq. Current System 4 297.668 1.25 0.01 2.968 28.518 9.699 34.62 26.71
029-HC 18-Oct-11 1209 Eq. Current System 5 149.772 11.7889 34.65 26.36
029-HC 18-Oct-11 1209 Eq. Current System 6 149.229 1.46 0.023 2.910 17.189 11.8075 34.64 26.35
029-HC 18-Oct-11 1209 Eq. Current System 7 65.81 19.9358 34.53 24.42
029-HC 18-Oct-11 1209 Eq. Current System 8 64.727 20.1409 34.53 24.37
029-HC 18-Oct-11 1209 Eq. Current System 9 63.89 3.68 0.583 1.003 33.640 20.3357 34.52 24.31
029-HC 18-Oct-11 1209 Eq. Current System 10 49.986 25.7942 34.5 22.73
029-HC 18-Oct-11 1209 Eq. Current System 11 25.404 5.10 0.211 -0.09 0.096 26.9261 34.44 22.32
029-HC 18-Oct-11 1209 Eq. Current System 12 10.666 0.161 0.200 0.555 26.9604 34.43 22.3
033-HC 20-Oct-11 1150 Eq. Current System 1 508.573 0.92 8.1375 34.59 26.94
033-HC 20-Oct-11 1150 Eq. Current System 2 496.629 0.84 8.281 34.6 26.92
033-HC 20-Oct-11 1150 Eq. Current System 3 397.282 0.99 9.4748 34.66 26.78
20
Table 5: Hydrocast station data for S237 (continued).
Station
Number
(S237-)
Date Time
(Local) General Locale Bottle
Bottle
Depth
(m)
Winkle
Oxygen
(mL/L)
Chl a
(µg/L)
PO4
(µM)
NO3
(µM)
Temperature
(°C)
Salinity
(psu)
Density
(kg/m3)
033-HC 20-Oct-11 1150 Eq. Current System 4 298.473 1.08 0.013 2.616 73.800 10.2359 34.7 26.69
033-HC 20-Oct-11 1150 Eq. Current System 5 199.532 1.03 0.025 81.716 10.9666 34.74 26.58
033-HC 20-Oct-11 1150 Eq. Current System 6 90.028 0.457 2.751 12.4348 34.76 26.32
033-HC 20-Oct-11 1150 Eq. Current System 7 88.369 12.437 34.76 26.32
033-HC 20-Oct-11 1150 Eq. Current System 8 49.457 13.3007 34.24 25.75
033-HC 20-Oct-11 1150 Eq. Current System 9 48.989 3.42 0.567 1.789 51.147 13.436 34.22 25.7
033-HC 20-Oct-11 1150 Eq. Current System 10 48.642 0.605 1.789 50.737 13.4907 34.19 25.67
033-HC 20-Oct-11 1150 Eq. Current System 11 25.014 4.53 0.349 0.469 6.743 20.9626 34.64 24.23
033-HC 20-Oct-11 1150 Eq. Current System 12 9.967 ` 0.299 0.135 -0.057 27.4789 33.87 21.71
039-HC 22-Oct-11 1216 Eq. Current System 1 531.561 1.44 7.8702 34.57 26.97
039-HC 22-Oct-11 1216 Eq. Current System 2 497.374 1.16 8.2015 34.59 26.93
039-HC 22-Oct-11 1216 Eq. Current System 3 397.208 1.09 9.3152 34.65 26.8
039-HC 22-Oct-11 1216 Eq. Current System 4 297.485 1.63 10.0656 34.7 26.71
039-HC 22-Oct-11 1216 Eq. Current System 5 198.426 1.12 2.763 96.156 10.7979 34.72 26.6
039-HC 22-Oct-11 1216 Eq. Current System 6 99.345 0.10 0.074 2.206 83.469 11.7995 34.74 26.43
039-HC 22-Oct-11 1216 Eq. Current System 7 49.448 13.6502 34.7 26.03
039-HC 22-Oct-11 1216 Eq. Current System 8 48.617 13.8899 34.72 25.99
039-HC 22-Oct-11 1216 Eq. Current System 9 48.723 1.39 1.905 2.698 14.0443 34.71 25.95
039-HC 22-Oct-11 1216 Eq. Current System 10 38.243 0.368 2.106 67.254 15.9342 34.71 25.54
039-HC 22-Oct-11 1216 Eq. Current System 11 24.525 4.73 0.212 0.505 1.986 23.5195 34.86 23.68
039-HC 22-Oct-11 1216 Eq. Current System 12 10.56 0.126 -0.01 1.051 27.1598 33.69 21.68
043-HC 24-Oct-11 1212 Eq. Current System 1 563.765 1.06 7.3632 34.56 27.03
043-HC 24-Oct-11 1212 Eq. Current System 2 496.84 1.29 8.0495 34.59 26.95
043-HC 24-Oct-11 1212 Eq. Current System 3 397.047 1.13 9.1904 34.65 26.82
043-HC 24-Oct-11 1212 Eq. Current System 4 297.356 1.25 9.9775 34.7 26.72
043-HC 24-Oct-11 1212 Eq. Current System 5 198.731 1.18 10.7014 34.72 26.62
043-HC 24-Oct-11 1212 Eq. Current System 6 99.904 1.85 0.046 2.528 79.622 11.6273 34.75 26.47
043-HC 24-Oct-11 1212 Eq. Current System 7 59.943 0.223 12.2024 34.74 26.35
043-HC 24-Oct-11 1212 Eq. Current System 8 58.844 12.2489 34.76 26.35
043-HC 24-Oct-11 1212 Eq. Current System 9 35.144 1.83 0.409 2.476 13.5614 34.71 26.05
043-HC 24-Oct-11 1212 Eq. Current System 10 34.057 13.6091 34.72 26.05
043-HC 24-Oct-11 1212 Eq. Current System 11 24.695 2.09 0.181 2.147 64.031 15.4364 34.69 25.64
043-HC 24-Oct-11 1212 Eq. Current System 12 DNF 25.9693 33.7 22.06
21
Table 5: Hydrocast station data for S237 (continued).
Station
Number
(S237-)
Date Time
(Local) General Locale Bottle
Bottle
Depth
(m)
Winkle
Oxygen
(mL/L)
Chl a
(µg/L)
PO4
(µM)
NO3
(µM)
Temperature
(°C)
Salinity
(psu)
Density
(kg/m3)
048-HC 26-Oct-11 1205 N. Pacific Gyre 1 552.962 1.12 6.9146 34.5 27.05
048-HC 26-Oct-11 1205 N. Pacific Gyre 2 496.339 1.15 7.455 34.51 26.97
048-HC 26-Oct-11 1205 N. Pacific Gyre 3 397.099 1.35 8.5124 34.54 26.84
048-HC 26-Oct-11 1205 N. Pacific Gyre 4 298.126 1.35 9.4987 34.55 26.69
048-HC 26-Oct-11 1205 N. Pacific Gyre 5 199.38 1.37 0.01 1.345 63.900 11.1473 34.58 26.43
048-HC 26-Oct-11 1205 N. Pacific Gyre 6 149.201 3.48 0.051 0.483 42.536 11.5637 34.15 26.01
048-HC 26-Oct-11 1205 N. Pacific Gyre 7 99.149 18.3965 34.51 24.8
048-HC 26-Oct-11 1205 N. Pacific Gyre 8 97.807 18.687 34.47 24.7
048-HC 26-Oct-11 1205 N. Pacific Gyre 9 96.402 4.31 0.414 3.394 12.590 19.059 34.63 24.73
048-HC 26-Oct-11 1205 N. Pacific Gyre 10 48.956 0.442 0.009 0.437 23.5211 34.84 23.66
048-HC 26-Oct-11 1205 N. Pacific Gyre 11 24.544 4.54 0.34 -0.09 -0.006 26.5934 33.96 22.06
048-HC 26-Oct-11 1205 N. Pacific Gyre 12 10.573 0.27 -0.23 0.660 26.697 33.96 22.03
052-HC 28-Oct-11 1207 N. Pacific Gyre 1 575.367 1.01 6.6877 34.48 27.06
052-HC 28-Oct-11 1207 N. Pacific Gyre 2 495.791 0.83 7.5184 34.49 26.95
052-HC 28-Oct-11 1207 N. Pacific Gyre 3 396.304 1.10 8.5223 34.5 26.81
052-HC 28-Oct-11 1207 N. Pacific Gyre 4 296.998 1.15 9.7821 34.49 26.59
052-HC 28-Oct-11 1207 N. Pacific Gyre 5 198.891 3.24 0.008 1.159 5.243 11.957 34.2 25.98
052-HC 28-Oct-11 1207 N. Pacific Gyre 6 149.209 0.213 0.050 27.075 18.0724 34.73 25.05
052-HC 28-Oct-11 1207 N. Pacific Gyre 7 109.994 20.7485 35.02 24.59
052-HC 28-Oct-11 1207 N. Pacific Gyre 8 109.093 20.8219 35.03 24.57
052-HC 28-Oct-11 1207 N. Pacific Gyre 9 107.639 4.99 0.238 -0.20 0.455 20.8666 35.01 24.55
052-HC 28-Oct-11 1207 N. Pacific Gyre 10 50.117 0.12 -0.14 0.448 24.9952 35.18 23.48
052-HC 28-Oct-11 1207 N. Pacific Gyre 11 25.01 4.96 0.171 -0.21 0.301 25.9974 34.64 22.76
052-HC 28-Oct-11 1207 N. Pacific Gyre 12 10.032 0.16 -0.11 0.305 26.0158 34.64 22.76
056-HC 30-Oct-11 1200 N. Pacific Gyre 1 565.624 1.18 6.4983 34.44 27.05
056-HC 30-Oct-11 1200 N. Pacific Gyre 2 496.833 1.29 6.9618 34.44 26.99
056-HC 30-Oct-11 1200 N. Pacific Gyre 3 397.848 0.84 8.0974 34.46 26.84
056-HC 30-Oct-11 1200 N. Pacific Gyre 4 298.288 1.39 0.026 9.4244 34.42 26.6
056-HC 30-Oct-11 1200 N. Pacific Gyre 5 198.76 2.31 1.543 47.561 11.2991 34.29 26.17
056-HC 30-Oct-11 1200 N. Pacific Gyre 6 148.99 0.105 0.751 5.660 14.3566 34.25 25.54
056-HC 30-Oct-11 1200 N. Pacific Gyre 7 98.942 20.7409 34.74 24.37
056-HC 30-Oct-11 1200 N. Pacific Gyre 8 97.999 20.917 34.75 24.33
056-HC 30-Oct-11 1200 N. Pacific Gyre 9 97.189 4.69 0.451 2.001 21.0377 34.71 24.27
22
Table 5: Hydrocast station data for S237 (continued).
Station
Number
(S237-)
Date Time
(Local) General Locale Bottle
Bottle
Depth
(m)
Winkle
Oxygen
(mL/L)
Chl a
(µg/L)
PO4
(µM)
NO3
(µM)
Temperature
(°C)
Salinity
(psu)
Density
(kg/m3)
056-HC 30-Oct-11 1200 N. Pacific Gyre 10 49.136 0.154 -0.04 -0.090 25.3868 35.01 23.23
056-HC 30-Oct-11 1200 N. Pacific Gyre 11 24.734 4.63 0.087 -0.03 -0.068 25.3908 34.97 23.2
056-HC 30-Oct-11 1200 N. Pacific Gyre 12 9.066 0.076 -0.05 0.360 25.4297 34.97 23.19
All hydrocasts gathered data from a SeaBird CTD (S/N 4043) and four auxiliary instruments (SeaBird Dissolved Oxygen sensor (S/N 1120) on voltage zero (HC
stations 005 – 013 only), PAR sensor (S/N 4179) on voltage two, WETLabs WetStar transmissometer (S/N CST-625PR) on voltage four and WETLabs C-Star
CDOM fluorometer (S/N WSCD-1258) on voltage five; voltages one and three were not used). DNF - did not fire. Extracted chlorophyll-a samples were filtered
through 0.45 µm filters and measured with a Turner Designs Model 10-AU fluorometer. Seawater pH was determined using m-cresol purple indicator dye and
spectrophotometry. Nutrients (PO4 and NO3) were assessed with colorometric spectrophotometry. Carbonate alkalinity was measured by Gran Titration. A blank
space indicates that no sample was collected for that analysis.
23
Table 6a: Neuston tow hydrographic data for S237. Station locations as in Table 2.
Station
Number
(S237-)
Date Time
(Local)
Moon
Phase
(%)
Sea Surface
Temperature
(°C)
Chlorophyll
Fluorescence
(volts)
Salinity
(psu)
Tow Area
(m2)
Zooplankton
Biomass
(mL)
Zooplankton
Density
(mL/m2)
General Locale
001-NT 4-Oct-11 1342 54 S 19.8 0.1 33.53 2154 20.0 0.0093 California Current
002-NT 5-Oct-11 2333 64 R 19.4 0.1 33.54 2491 4.5 0.0018 California Current
003-NT 5-Oct-11 1106 64 R 19.1 0.1 33.26 1663 8.0 0.0048 California Current
004-NT 6-Oct-11 0007 88 S 19.4 0.1 33.30 2297 10.0 0.0044 California Current
005-NT 6-Oct-11 1232 73 S 19.4 0.1 33.26 2262 9.0 0.0040 N. Pacific Gyre
006-NT 6-Oct-11 2246 73 R 19.5 0.1 33.29 2040 29.0 0.0142 N. Pacific Gyre
007-NT 7-Oct-11 1107 82 R 19.4 0.1 33.19 2014 8.5 0.0042 N. Pacific Gyre
008-NT 8-Oct-11 0002 84 R 20.2 0.1 33.42 1870 7.0 0.0037 N. Pacific Gyre
009-NT 8-Oct-11 1242 89 S 20.0 0.1 33.27 1289 3.0 0.0023 N. Pacific Gyre
010-NT 8-Oct-11 0000 89 R 20.8 0.1 33.90 4194 10.0 0.0024 N. Pacific Gyre
011-NT 9-Oct-11 1050 94 S 21.1 0.1 34.20 1485 20.0 0.0135 N. Pacific Gyre
012-NT 9-Oct-11 2358 98 R 21.1 0.1 34.08 1055 39.0 0.0370 N. Pacific Gyre
013-NT 10-Oct-11 1303 98 S 21.0 0.1 33.95 2584 24.0 0.0093 N. Pacific Gyre
014-NT 10-Oct-11 2254 98 R 21.4 0.1 34.32 1570 19.0 0.0121 N. Pacific Gyre
015-NT 11-Oct-11 1134 100 R 21.7 0.1 34.55 2501 19.0 0.0076 N. Pacific Gyre
016-NT 12-Oct-11 0002 100 R 21.8 0.1 34.45 2314 22.0 0.0095 N. Pacific Gyre
017-NT 12-Oct-11 1303 100 S 22.1 0.1 34.81 2224 157.0 0.0706 N. Pacific Gyre
018-NT 12-Oct-11 2249 98 R 22.1 0.1 34.63 1392 45.0 0.0323 N. Pacific Gyre
019-NT 13-Oct-11 1116 98 S 22.3 0.1 34.64 2018 31.0 0.0154 N. Pacific Gyre
020-NT 14-Oct-11 0000 95 R 22.7 0.1 34.29 2540 132.0 0.0520 N. Pacific Gyre
021-NT 14-Oct-11 1239 95 R 23.4 0.1 34.34 2372 36.0 0.0152 N. Pacific Gyre
022-NT 14-Oct-11 2256 95 R 23.6 0.1 34.60 1448 116.0 0.0801 N. Pacific Gyre
023-NT 15-Oct-11 1111 90 S 24.2 0.1 34.65 1829 37.0 0.0202 N. Pacific Gyre
024-NT 16-Oct-11 0000 83 R 24.5 1.1 34.82 1262 26.0 0.0206 N. Pacific Gyre
025-NT 16-Oct-11 1309 83 S 26.2 1.0 34.93 1439 14.0 0.0097 N. Pacific Gyre
026-NT 16-Oct-11 2251 83 R 25.6 1.1 34.96 1415 15.0 0.0106 N. Pacific Gyre
027-NT 17-Oct-11 1132 76 R 26.8 1.1 34.60 2051 3.5 0.0017 N. Pacific Gyre
028-NT 18-Oct-11 0006 67 R 26.9 1.2 34.67 1841 17.0 0.0092 N. Pacific Gyre
029-NT 18-Oct-11 1335 67 S 27.3 1.1 34.50 1152 6.0 0.0052 Eq. Current System 030-NT 18-Oct-11 2305 67 S 27.2 1.5 34.02 1749 41.0 0.0234 Eq. Current System 031-NT 19-Oct-11 1221 57 S 27.6 1.1 34.22 1373 7.0 0.0051 Eq. Current System 032-NT 19-Oct-11 2345 30 R 27.7 1.3 33.98 1854 28.0 0.0151 Eq. Current System 033-NT 20-Oct-11 1309 46 S 27.8 1.4 33.80 3430 55.5 0.0162 Eq. Current System 034-NT 20-Oct-11 2340 36 S 27.4 4.0 33.23 3331 104.0 0.0312 Eq. Current System
24
Table 6a: Neuston tow hydrographic data for S237 (continued).
Station
Number
(S237-)
Date Time
(Local)
Moon
Phase
(%)
Sea Surface
Temperature
(°C)
Chlorophyll
Fluorescence
(volts)
Salinity
(psu)
Tow Area
(m2)
Zooplankton
Biomass
(mL)
Zooplankto
n Density
(mL/m2)
General Locale
035-NT 21-Oct-11 1127 36 S 27.5 1.9 33.74 1651 10.0 0.0061 Eq. Current System
036-NT 21-Oct-11 2210 36 S 27.4 3.2 33.83 2163 53.0 0.0245 Eq. Current System
037-NT 22-Oct-11 0042 25 S 27.3 3.4 33.81 2157 115.0 0.0533 Eq. Current System
038-NT 22-Oct-11 0405 26 R 27.6 3.4 33.65 1356 43.0 0.0317 Eq. Current System
039-NT 22-Oct-11 1402 25 R 27.5 1.3 33.77 1517 71.0 0.0468 Eq. Current System
040-NT 23-Oct-11 0017 25 S 27.3 3.2 33.57 1348 25.0 0.0185 Eq. Current System
041-NT 23-Oct-11 1135 25 R 27.0 1.9 33.67 1430 26.0 0.0182 Eq. Current System
042-NT 24-Oct-11 0018 16 R 26.7 4.6 33.66 1411 32.0 0.0227 Eq. Current System
043-NT 24-Oct-11 1328 8 S 26.4 2.1 33.70 2129 None Taken N/A Eq. Current System
045-NT 24-Oct-11 2304 8 S 25.4 5.2 34.02 2300 81.0 0.0352 Eq. Current System
046-NT 25-Oct-11 1235 3 S 25.4 2.3 34.24 2860 20.0 0.0070 Eq. Current System
047-NT 26-Oct-11 0002 0 S 26.3 5.1 34.00 1903 13.0 0.0068 Eq. Current System
048-NT 26-Oct-11 1312 0 S 27.1 1.6 33.98 2229 8.7 0.0039 N. Pacific Gyre
049-NT 26-Oct-11 2306 0 R 26.9 1.9 34.22 1639 54.0 0.0329 N. Pacific Gyre
050-NT 27-Oct-11 1209 1 S 26.9 1.2 34.21 1709 12.0 0.0070 N. Pacific Gyre
051-NT 28-Oct-11 0008 4 R 26.5 1.2 34.58 1792 10.0 0.0056 N. Pacific Gyre
053-NT 28-Oct-11 2317 4 S 25.8 1.4 35.07 1941 7.0 0.0036 N. Pacific Gyre
054-NT 29-Oct-11 1058 3 R 25.8 1.5 35.01 2477 12.5 0.0050 N. Pacific Gyre
055-NT 29-Oct-11 2356 18 S 25.9 1.3 34.84 2817 26.0 0.0092 N. Pacific Gyre
056-NT 30-Oct-11 1317 18 S 25.8 1.1 34.99 2927 1.0 0.0003 N. Pacific Gyre
057-NT 30-Oct-11 2306 18 S 25.6 1.4 35.00 2520 36.0 0.0143 N. Pacific Gyre
058-NT 31-Oct-11 1107 28 R 25.6 1.3 35.05 1674 3.0 0.0018 N. Pacific Gyre
059-NT 1-Nov-11 0001 38 S 26.2 1.3 34.69 1726 7.5 0.0043 N. Pacific Gyre
060-NT 1-Nov-11 0000 38 S 26.1 1.1 34.79 1852 4.0 0.0022 N. Pacific Gyre
061-NT 2-Nov-11 0005 48 R 25.9 1.2 35.03 1852 10.0 0.0054 N. Pacific Gyre
062-NT 2-Nov-11 1203 48 S 25.7 1.1 34.98 1450 1.0 0.0007 N. Pacific Gyre
063-NT 3-Nov-11 0035 58 R 25.7 1.3 35.06 2400 13.0 0.0054 Hawaiian Waters
064-NT 3-Nov-11 1247 58 S 25.6 1.3 35.10 1790 4.0 0.0022 Hawaiian Waters
065-NT 3-Nov-11 2359 58 R 25.8 1.6 35.04 1640 10.0 0.0061 Hawaiian Waters
066-NT 4-Nov-11 1224 68 R 25.8 1.4 34.97 2018 7.0 0.0035 Hawaiian Waters
067-NT 5-Nov-11 1130 76 S 27.0 1.2 35.10 1587 142.0 0.0895 Hawaiian Waters
Moon phase indicates either risen (R) or set (S). Tow area calculated using distance (meters) between successive minutes' GPS positions. Neuston net opening
1.0m wide by 0.5m tall, with a 333µm mesh net. Zooplankton density recorded as wet volume displacement per tow area (ml/m2). Note that the flow-through
chlorophyll-a fluorometer sensitivity was not properly adjusted until 15 Oct 2011; fluorescence readings from stations 001 – 023 should be treated as incorrect.
25
Table 6b: Neuston tow biological data for S237 (continued). Station locations as in Table 2.
Station
Number
(S237-)
Phyllosoma
(#)
Leptocephali
(#)
Halobates
(#)
Myctophids
(#)
Sargassum
natans (g)
Sargassum
fluitans (g)
Plastic
Pellets (#)
Plastic
Pieces (#) Tar (#)
Nekton
>2cm (mL)
Gelatinous
>2cm (mL)
001-NT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0.0 3.0
002-NT 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4.0 2.0
003-NT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0
004-NT 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.5
005-NT 0 0 3 20 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 1.0
006-NT 0 0 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 145.0
007-NT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 0.0 3.5
008-NT 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0
009-NT 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0
010-NT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0
011-NT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0
012-NT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 1.8
013-NT 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 7 0 0.0 0.0
014-NT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.0 0.0
015-NT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0
016-NT 0 0 21 2 0 0 0 2 0 0.0 0.0
017-NT 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 110 2 0.0 0.0
018-NT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 5.5
019-NT 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 15 0 1.0 0.5
020-NT 0 0 52 0 0 0 0 11 0 0.0 0.0
021-NT 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 8 0 0.5 0.0
022-NT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 81.0
023-NT 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 3 0 0.0 0.0
024-NT 0 0 18 1 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 7.5
025-NT 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 1 0 0.0 1.0
026-NT 0 0 27 0 0 0 0 2 0 0.0 0.5
027-NT 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0
028-NT 0 0 9 5 0 0 0 1 0 0.0 55.0
029-NT 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0.0 0.0
030-NT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 5.0
031-NT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0
032-NT 0 0 7 9 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 37.0
033-NT 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 15 0 0.0 4.5
034-NT 0 0 21 2 0 0 0 14 0 0.0 3.7
26
Table 6b: Neuston tow data for S237 (continued).
Station
Number
(S237-)
Phyllosoma
(#)
Leptocephali
(#)
Halobates
(#)
Myctophids
(#)
Sargassum
natans (g)
Sargassum
fluitans (g)
Plastic
Pellets (#)
Plastic
Pieces (#) Tar (#)
Nekton
>2cm (mL)
Gelatinous
>2cm (mL)
035-NT 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 3 0 0.0 0.0
036-NT 0 0 28 36 0 0 0 0 0 7.0 16.0
037-NT 0 0 2 38 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 60.0
038-NT 0 0 17 1 0 0 0 1 0 0.0 3.0
039-NT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 1.5
040-NT 0 0 11 3 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 2.0
041-NT 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.1
042-NT 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 1 0 1.0 3.0
043-NT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 4.0
045-NT 0 0 11 4 0 0 0 0 0 2.0 80.0
046-NT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0.0 8.0
047-NT 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 1.5 394.6
048-NT 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 5 0 0.0 0.4
049-NT 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 14.5
050-NT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0.0 4.0
051-NT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 2.0
053-NT 0 0 8 2 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 4.0
054-NT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0
055-NT 0 0 27 6 0 0 0 3 0 9.0 2.0
056-NT 0 0 29 0 0 0 0 2 0 0.0 0.0
057-NT 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 1 0 1.2 0.7
058-NT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0.2 0.0
059-NT 0 0 26 0 0 0 0 2 0 1.0 0.5
060-NT 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 2 0 0.0 0.0
061-NT 0 0 9 1 0 0 0 1 0 0.4 5.0
062-NT 0 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.0 0.0
063-NT 0 0 28 3 0 0 0 0 0 2.0 5.5
064-NT 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0
065-NT 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.8 12.0
066-NT 0 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 0.0
067-NT 0 0 86 0 0 0 0 18 0 0.1 0.0
Eel larvae (leptocephali), spiny lobster larvae (phyllosoma), marine water striders (halobates) and Lantern fish (myctophids) sorted from net contents and
counted. Micronekton and gelatinous micronekton removed using a 1cm mesh sieve; biovolume (ml) recorded. Qualitative descriptions of micronekton removed
from zooplankton biomass are available. Floating plastic and tar removed from net contents, sorted and recorded as numbers collected per tow.
27
Table 7a: Meter net hydrographic data for S237. Station locations as in Table 2.
Station
Number
(S237-)
Date Time
(Local)
Sea Surface
Temperature
(°C)
Chlorophyll
Fluorescence
(volts)
Salinity
(psu)
Maximum
Tow
Depth (m)
Tow
Length
(m)
Tow
Volume
(m3)
Zooplankton
Biomass
(mL)
Zooplankton
Density
(mL/m3)
General Locale
002-MN 4-Oct-11 2223 19.4 0.1 33.54 138 2628.1 2063.0 151.0 0.0732 California Current
003-MN 5-Oct-11 1043 19.1 0.1 33.24 175 3428.9 2691.7 74.0 0.0275 California Current
006-MN 6-Oct-11 2229 19.5 0.1 33.29 165 1220.6 958.2 88.0 0.0918 N. Pacific Gyre
007-MN 7-Oct-11 1046 19.4 0.1 33.20 184 10195.2 8003.2 34.9 0.0044 N. Pacific Gyre
010-MN 8-Oct-11 2224 20.8 0.1 33.90 190 9342.7 7334.0 44.0 0.0060 N. Pacific Gyre
011-MN 9-Oct-11 1036 21.1 0.1 34.20 150 2461.6 1932.3 28.0 0.0145 N. Pacific Gyre
014-MN 10-Oct-11 2239 21.4 0.1 34.30 180 2432.4 1909.4 34.0 0.0178 N. Pacific Gyre
015-MN 11-Oct-11 1117 21.7 0.1 34.51 200 3675.3 2885.1 41.0 0.0142 N. Pacific Gyre
018-MN 12-Oct-11 2232 22.1 0.1 34.62 200 2322.5 1823.2 40.0 0.0219 N. Pacific Gyre
019-MN 13-Oct-11 1055 22.2 0.1 34.62 205 3526.5 2768.3 56.0 0.0202 N. Pacific Gyre
022-MN 14-Oct-11 2230 23.5 0.1 34.58 180 2112.9 1658.6 33.0 0.0199 N. Pacific Gyre
023-MN 15-Oct-11 1052 23.8 0.1 34.63 300 2991.1 2348.0 35.0 0.0149 N. Pacific Gyre
026-MN 16-Oct-11 2237 25.6 1.1 34.96 185 2379.5 1867.9 32.5 0.0174 N. Pacific Gyre
027-MN 17-Oct-11 1106 26.8 1.1 34.60 220 4650.6 3650.7 122.0 0.0334 N. Pacific Gyre
028-2MN 17-Oct-11 2209 26.9 1.2 34.65 80 3160.9 7333.2 122.0 0.0166 N. Pacific Gyre
030-MN 18-Oct-11 2247 27.2 1.5 34.02 140 2530.3 1986.3 162.0 0.0816 Eq. Current System
031-MN 19-Oct-11 1201 27.5 1.2 34.22 343 2971.6 2332.7 122.0 0.0523 Eq. Current System
034-2MN 20-Oct-11 2226 27.4 4.0 33.22 110 1722.7 3996.8 343.0 0.0858 Eq. Current System
035-MN 21-Oct-11 1108 27.4 2.0 33.73 200 3314.5 2601.9 285.0 0.1095 Eq. Current System
041-MN 23-Oct-11 1113 27.0 1.3 33.65 275 2749.4 2158.3 196.0 0.0908 Eq. Current System
042-MN 24-Oct-11 0004 26.7 4.5 33.65 90 2217.0 1740.4 Spilled N/A Eq. Current System
045-MN 24-Oct-11 2239 25.5 5.2 34.00 110 3264.2 2562.5 189.0 0.0738 Eq. Current System
046-MN 25-Oct-11 1124 25.6 2.1 34.21 110 3839.2 3013.8 171.0 0.0567 Eq. Current System
049-MN 26-Oct-11 0000 26.9 1.9 34.22 100 3149.7 2472.5 235.0 0.0950 N. Pacific Gyre
050-MN 27-Oct-11 1143 26.8 1.2 34.20 210 3960.3 3108.8 59.0 0.0190 N. Pacific Gyre
053-MN 28-Oct-11 2252 25.8 1.3 35.07 143 1856.6 1457.5 100.0 0.0686 N. Pacific Gyre
054-MN 29-Oct-11 1038 25.8 1.4 35.01 200 4146.0 3254.7 84.0 0.0258 N. Pacific Gyre
056-MN 30-Oct-11 2250 25.6 1.3 35.04 140 3386.0 2658.0 69.0 0.0260 N. Pacific Gyre
058-MN 31-Oct-11 1039 25.6 1.2 35.05 300 3819.4 2998.3 35.0 0.0117 N. Pacific Gyre
063-2MN 2-Nov-11 2230 25.6 1.3 35.06 120 4131.1 10286.5 121.0 0.0118 Hawaiian Waters
064-MN 3-Nov-11 0935 25.6 1.3 35.12 1200 Vertical Tow - N/A 65.0 N/A Hawaiian Waters
All tows used a 1m net (0.785m2) with 333µm mesh except stations 034 and 063, which used the 2m net (2.49 m
2) with 1000µm mesh. Tow length calculated
using distance between successive minutes' GPS positions; tow volume from tow length and net area. Note that the flow-through chlorophyll-a fluorometer
sensitivity was not properly adjusted until 15 Oct 2011; fluorescence readings from MN stations 001 – 023 should be treated as incorrect.
28
Table 7b: Meter net biological data for S237 (continued). Station locations as in Table 2.
Station
Number
(S237-)
Phyllosoma
(#)
Leptocephali
(#)
Halobates
(#)
Myctophids
(#)
Plastic
Pellets (#)
Plastic
Pieces (#) Tar (#)
Nekton
>2cm (mL)
Gelatinous
>2cm (mL)
002-MN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21.0 0.0
003-MN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 111.0 10.0
006-MN 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 14.0 8.0
007-MN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 3.8
010-MN 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0.8 0.0
011-MN 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.3 0.4
014-MN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.5 0.1
015-MN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.0
018-MN 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.0 6.0
019-MN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0
022-MN 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3.5 0.0
023-MN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 0.0
026-MN 0 0 1 2 0 1 0 1.0 1.5
027-MN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.0 74.1
028-2MN 0 0 0 12 0 0 0 10.1 1361.8
030-MN 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 4.6 6.0
031-MN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 53.0
034-2MN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10.6 284.0
035-MN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 535.0
041-MN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.4 609.0
042-MN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.0 31.0
045-MN 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 17.5 69.0
046-MN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.0 24.0
049-MN 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 4.8 148.0
050-MN 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 9.0 0.0
053-MN 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 18.5 0.8
054-MN 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1.2 0.4
056-MN 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 4.0 8.0
058-MN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 3.5
063-2MN 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 12.0 2.0
064-MN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.5 0.5
Eel larvae (leptocephali), spiny lobster larvae (phyllosoma) and Lantern fish (myctophids) sorted from net contents and counted. Micronekton and gelatinous
micronekton removed using a 1cm mesh sieve and biovolume (ml) recorded. Qualitative descriptions of micronekton removed from zooplankton biomass are
available. Floating tar and plastic removed from net contents, sorted and recorded as numbers collected per tow.
29
Table 8a: Zooplankton 100 count data for S237. Station locations as in Table 2.
Station
Number
(S237-)
Net
Type Date
Time
(Local) Cnid Siph Cten Pter Nud
Other
Snail Ceph Poly Chaet Cop
Gam
Amp
Hyp
Amp
Crab
(larv)
001 NT 4-Oct-11 1342 14 8 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 5 0 8 0
002 NT 4-Oct-11 2333 0 0 0 5 0 4 0 0 0 22 2 5 37
003 NT 5-Oct-11 1106 0 12 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 1 2
004 NT 6-Oct-11 0007 2 11 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 31 5 21 0
005 NT 6-Oct-11 1232 25 7 8 1 0 2 0 0 4 20 0 1 1
006 NT 6-Oct-11 2246 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 26 5 10 0
007 NT 7-Oct-11 1107 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 7 80 0 0 1
008 NT 8-Oct-11 0002 0 0 0 5 0 3 0 12 0 43 0 1 0
009 NT 8-Oct-11 1242 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 3 5 38 0 8 0
010 NT 8-Oct-11 2240 0 6 0 2 0 0 0 3 4 63 4 9 0
011 NT 9-Oct-11 1050 0 6 1 1 0 0 0 0 10 18 6 7 5
012 NT 9-Oct-11 2358 0 2 0 5 0 0 0 1 2 66 6 1 0
013 NT 10-Oct-11 1303 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 46 0 0 0
014 NT 10-Oct-11 2254 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 3 1 69 0 4 0
015 NT 11-Oct-11 1134 0 8 1 0 0 2 0 0 1 21 0 4 0
016 NT 12-Oct-11 0002 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 36 3 2 1
017 NT 12-Oct-11 1303 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 22 0 2 0
018 NT 12-Oct-11 2249 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 81 0 13 0
019 NT 13-Oct-11 1116 2 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 9 0 1 0
020 NT 14-Oct-11 0000 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 4 0
021 NT 14-Oct-11 1239 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0
022 NT 14-Oct-11 2246 2 17 0 0 0 0 0 1 9 11 1 7 0
023 NT 15-Oct-11 1111 0 1 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
024 NT 16-Oct-11 0000 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 0 36 3 14 0
025 NT 16-Oct-11 1309 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0
026 NT 16-Oct-11 2251 5 10 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 3 0
027 NT 17-Oct-11 1132 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 27 0 0 0
028 NT 18-Oct-11 0006 3 5 0 2 1 1 0 0 4 45 3 8 0
029 NT 18-Oct-11 1335 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 4 1 83 0 0 0
030 NT 18-Oct-11 2305 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 4 60 3 8 0
031 NT 19-Oct-11 1221 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 93 0 0 0
032 NT 19-Oct-11 2345 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 0 5 71 0 4 0
033 NT 20-Oct-11 1309 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 94 0 0 0
034 NT 20-Oct-11 2340 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 4 41 10 15 0
30
Table 8a: Zooplankton 100 count data for S237 (continued).
Station
Number
(S237-)
Net
Type Date
Time
(Local) Cnid Siph Cten Pter Nud
Other
Snail Ceph Poly Chaet Cop
Gam
Amp
Hyp
Amp
Crab
(larv)
035 NT 21-Oct-11 1127 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 0 2 0
036 NT 21-Oct-11 2210 0 0 0 7 0 2 0 0 1 74 1 5 0
037 NT 22-Oct-11 0042 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 46 1 5 0
038 NT 22-Oct-11 0405 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 8 73 1 12 0
039 NT 23-Oct-11 0017 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 3 90 0 0 0
040 NT 23-Oct-11 0017 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 4 5 37 6 11 3
041 NT 23-Oct-11 1135 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 54 0 2 0
042 NT 24-Oct-11 0018 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 53 0 12 0
043 NT 24-Oct-11 1328 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 60 0 1 0
045 NT 24-Oct-11 2304 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 88 0 2 0
046 NT 25-Oct-11 1235 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 81 0 2 0
047 NT 26-Oct-11 0002 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 4 60 2 6 0
048 NT 26-Oct-11 1312 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 22 47 0 5 0
049 NT 26-Oct-11 2306 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 55 4 2 0
050 NT 27-Oct-11 1209 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 87 0 0 0
051 NT 28-Oct-11 0008 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 45 1 5 0
053 NT 28-Oct-11 2317 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 1 25 0 3 0
054 NT 29-Oct-11 1058 3 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 17 0 4 0
055 NT 29-Oct-11 2356 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 0 0
056 NT 30-Oct-11 1317 0 2 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 0
057 NT 30-Oct-11 2306 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0
058 NT 31-Oct-11 1107 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 2 0 15 0 1 1
059 NT 1-Nov-11 0001 0 4 1 2 0 1 1 2 2 56 0 5 0
060 NT 1-Nov-11 0000 0 10 0 1 0 5 0 0 3 56 2 0 0
061 NT 2-Nov-11 0005 2 1 0 7 0 0 0 0 6 55 0 1 0
062 NT 2-Nov-11 1203 0 0 0 6 0 3 0 0 3 51 0 1 0
063 NT 3-Nov-11 0035 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 64 0 8 1
064 NT 3-Nov-11 1247 0 9 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 13 0 0 1
065 NT 3-Nov-11 2359 0 10 0 1 0 2 0 0 9 62 0 1 0
066 NT 4-Nov-11 1224 0 14 0 0 0 2 0 0 8 70 0 1 1
067 NT 5-Nov-11 1130 12 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 36 0 0 0
002 MN 4-Oct-11 2223 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 53 0 4 1
003 MN 5-Oct-11 1043 0 2 0 5 0 0 0 7 38 9 0 7 0
006 MN 6-Oct-11 2229 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 8 7 8 1
31
Table 8a: Zooplankton 100 count data for S237 (continued).
Station
Number
(S237-)
Net
Type Date
Time
(Local) Cnid Siph Cten Pter Nud
Other
Snail Ceph Poly Chaet Cop
Gam
Amp
Hyp
Amp
Crab
(larv)
007 MN 7-Oct-11 1046 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 68 0 2 0
010 MN 8-Oct-11 2224 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 6 1 27 13 6 1
011 MN 9-Oct-11 1036 0 6 0 2 0 0 0 1 4 40 1 2 0
014 MN 10-Oct-11 2239 0 3 0 1 1 0 0 3 0 49 0 5 0
015 MN 11-Oct-11 1117 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 63 0 6 0
018 MN 12-Oct-11 2232 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 4 57 0 12 0
019 MN 13-Oct-11 1055 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 33 1 5 0
022 MN 14-Oct-11 2230 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 6 6 0
023 MN 15-Oct-11 1052 0 6 0 0 0 2 0 1 5 35 1 0 0
026 MN 16-Oct-11 2237 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 58 0 3 0
027 MN 17-Oct-11 1106 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 60 7 2 0
028 2MN 17-Oct-11 2209 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 40 3 10 0
030 MN 18-Oct-11 2247 0 5 0 0 0 2 0 0 5 56 0 3 0
031 MN 19-Oct-11 1201 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 70 0 1 0
034 2MN 20-Oct-11 2226 0 5 0 1 0 0 0 4 0 18 13 11 3
041 MN 23-Oct-11 1113 2 12 0 9 0 0 0 0 2 19 1 0 0
045 MN 24-Oct-11 2239 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 88 5 0 0
046 MN 25-Oct-11 1124 0 1 0 0 0 3 0 0 5 71 0 6 0
049 MN 26-Oct-11 0000 0 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 39 0 11 0
050 MN 27-Oct-11 1143 0 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 3 29 1 9 0
053 MN 28-Oct-11 2252 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 2 64 0 3 0
054 MN 29-Oct-11 1038 0 6 0 2 0 0 0 0 13 29 6 15 0
056 MN 30-Oct-11 2250 1 1 1 19 0 0 0 0 0 36 0 1 0
058 MN 31-Oct-11 1039 0 2 0 1 0 4 0 3 1 40 7 3 3
063 2MN 2-Nov-11 2230 0 2 0 9 0 3 0 0 1 59 0 0 0
064 MN 3-Nov-11 0935 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 62 0 4 0
32
Table 8b: Zooplankton 100 count data for S237 (continued).
Station
Number
(S237-)
Net
Type Date
Time
(Local)
Shr
(larv)
Lob
(larv) Mys Euph
Stom
(larv) Ostr Clad Iso Salp
Fish
(larv)
Fish
eggs Other
Shannon-
Weiner
Diversity
Index
001 NT 4-Oct-11 1342 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 38 2 4 2 0.86
002 NT 4-Oct-11 2333 0 0 1 0 0 14 0 0 1 7 1 1 0.93
003 NT 5-Oct-11 1106 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 3 0 1 0 0.79
004 NT 6-Oct-11 0007 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 3 16 0 0.84
005 NT 6-Oct-11 1232 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 4 0.87
006 NT 6-Oct-11 2246 13 0 12 5 0 9 2 9 0 0 2 0 0.96
007 NT 7-Oct-11 1107 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 1 0 0.35
008 NT 8-Oct-11 0002 0 0 0 0 0 35 0 0 0 0 1 0 0.58
009 NT 8-Oct-11 1242 0 0 0 1 20 10 0 0 1 1 5 5 0.87
010 NT 8-Oct-11 2240 1 0 3 1 1 4 0 0 0 0 8 0 0.77
011 NT 9-Oct-11 1050 1 2 7 5 6 11 4 2 0 2 6 0 1.16
012 NT 9-Oct-11 2358 0 0 2 1 3 7 0 0 0 0 3 0 0.61
013 NT 10-Oct-11 1303 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0.37
014 NT 10-Oct-11 2254 2 0 3 3 1 5 0 0 0 0 6 0 0.58
015 NT 11-Oct-11 1134 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 2 0 0.70
016 NT 12-Oct-11 0002 5 1 1 5 5 4 1 4 0 5 4 0 0.96
017 NT 12-Oct-11 1303 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0.27
018 NT 12-Oct-11 2249 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.29
019 NT 13-Oct-11 1116 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0.84
020 NT 14-Oct-11 0000 0 1 2 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 84 0 0.33
021 NT 14-Oct-11 1239 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 53 0 0.43
022 NT 14-Oct-11 2246 5 0 4 12 1 7 0 1 1 1 20 0 1.02
023 NT 15-Oct-11 1111 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 81 0 0.27
024 NT 16-Oct-11 0000 21 1 2 2 0 4 0 14 0 0 0 0 0.80
025 NT 16-Oct-11 1309 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 87 0 0.24
026 NT 16-Oct-11 2251 1 0 0 3 2 17 0 0 0 5 35 0 0.89
027 NT 17-Oct-11 1132 0 0 1 0 0 14 0 0 0 0 23 0 0.64
028 NT 18-Oct-11 0006 0 2 2 1 0 1 0 2 2 1 10 0 0.91
029 NT 18-Oct-11 1335 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 0 0.32
030 NT 18-Oct-11 2305 5 0 0 5 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.66
031 NT 19-Oct-11 1221 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0.14
032 NT 19-Oct-11 2345 1 4 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 7 0 0.53
033 NT 20-Oct-11 1309 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.12
034 NT 20-Oct-11 2340 0 0 14 0 2 12 0 0 0 2 3 0 0.86
33
Table 8b: Zooplankton 100 count data for S237 (continued).
Station
Number
(S237-)
Net
Type Date
Time
(Local)
Shr
(larv)
Lob
(larv) Mys Euph
Stom
(larv) Ostr Clad Iso Salp
Fish
(larv)
Fish
eggs Other
Shannon-
Weiner
Diversity
Index
035 NT 21-Oct-11 1127 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 25 0 0.41
036 NT 21-Oct-11 2210 0 0 2 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0.47
037 NT 22-Oct-11 0042 0 0 4 32 0 4 2 1 0 0 4 0 0.68
038 NT 22-Oct-11 0405 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0.43
039 NT 23-Oct-11 0017 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 4 11 0 0.35
040 NT 23-Oct-11 0017 0 0 6 2 0 6 0 9 0 4 2 0 0.97
041 NT 23-Oct-11 1135 0 0 6 0 5 0 0 0 0 17 0 0 0.62
042 NT 24-Oct-11 0018 0 0 19 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0.66
043 NT 24-Oct-11 1328 0 0 6 1 0 16 10 0 0 1 4 0 0.57
045 NT 24-Oct-11 2304 0 0 0 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.24
046 NT 25-Oct-11 1235 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 3 2 0 2 0 0.39
047 NT 26-Oct-11 0002 5 0 0 4 5 1 0 0 0 0 10 0 0.71
048 NT 26-Oct-11 1312 8 0 5 6 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0.71
049 NT 26-Oct-11 2306 0 0 1 28 0 0 0 2 8 0 2 0 0.62
050 NT 27-Oct-11 1209 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 0.18
051 NT 28-Oct-11 0008 0 0 0 2 4 9 1 0 0 0 27 0 0.70
053 NT 28-Oct-11 2317 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 2 0 49 0 0.63
054 NT 29-Oct-11 1058 0 0 0 1 3 24 0 0 2 3 18 0 0.88
055 NT 29-Oct-11 2356 0 0 37 20 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0.61
056 NT 30-Oct-11 1317 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 79 0 0.37
057 NT 30-Oct-11 2306 0 0 21 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0.52
058 NT 31-Oct-11 1107 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 0 0 0.73
059 NT 1-Nov-11 0001 0 0 12 3 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.69
060 NT 1-Nov-11 0000 0 0 0 1 0 3 10 0 1 5 3 0 0.70
061 NT 2-Nov-11 0005 1 0 16 1 1 7 0 0 1 0 1 0 0.70
062 NT 2-Nov-11 1203 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 24 0 0 0 0.59
063 NT 3-Nov-11 0035 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 0.52
064 NT 3-Nov-11 1247 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 74 0 0.39
065 NT 3-Nov-11 2359 0 0 8 0 2 3 0 0 0 0 2 0 0.60
066 NT 4-Nov-11 1224 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0.46
067 NT 5-Nov-11 1130 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0.58
002 MN 4-Oct-11 2223 19 0 0 0 0 19 0 0 0 0 1 0 0.57
003 MN 5-Oct-11 1043 6 0 4 8 3 7 0 0 0 0 4 0 0.91
34
Table 8b: Zooplankton 100 count data for S237 (continued).
Station
Number
(S237-)
Net
Type Date
Time
(Local)
Shr
(larv)
Lob
(larv) Mys Euph
Stom
(larv) Ostr Clad Iso Salp
Fish
(larv)
Fish
eggs Other
Shannon-
Weiner
Diversity
Index
006 MN 6-Oct-11 2229 24 0 1 13 0 17 1 12 0 0 1 0 0.94
007 MN 7-Oct-11 1046 4 0 1 1 1 3 0 0 6 2 0 0 0.56
010 MN 8-Oct-11 2224 4 1 6 5 2 13 3 3 0 0 9 0 1.07
011 MN 9-Oct-11 1036 2 0 5 1 14 14 2 0 0 1 10 0 0.89
014 MN 10-Oct-11 2239 3 0 4 1 0 27 0 0 0 1 1 0 0.68
015 MN 11-Oct-11 1117 0 0 2 1 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.46
018 MN 12-Oct-11 2232 0 0 23 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0.53
019 MN 13-Oct-11 1055 0 1 6 10 1 3 0 0 0 0 53 0 0.67
022 MN 14-Oct-11 2230 17 0 4 5 0 12 0 13 0 1 28 0 0.92
023 MN 15-Oct-11 1052 0 0 0 2 0 11 0 0 0 1 36 2 0.78
026 MN 16-Oct-11 2237 2 0 0 0 0 20 1 0 0 0 11 1 0.58
027 MN 17-Oct-11 1106 0 0 1 0 1 13 0 0 0 0 11 0 0.60
028 2MN 17-Oct-11 2209 6 0 6 8 1 1 0 1 7 2 0 0 0.90
030 MN 18-Oct-11 2247 0 0 10 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 16 0 0.61
031 MN 19-Oct-11 1201 0 2 0 12 0 11 0 0 0 0 3 0 0.44
034 2MN 20-Oct-11 2226 0 0 22 13 4 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.97
041 MN 23-Oct-11 1113 2 0 12 9 1 10 1 13 0 0 3 2 1.01
045 MN 24-Oct-11 2239 0 0 4 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0.26
046 MN 25-Oct-11 1124 1 0 3 1 0 3 0 0 2 0 0 1 0.50
049 MN 26-Oct-11 0000 3 0 13 2 0 10 0 0 0 0 5 1 0.80
050 MN 27-Oct-11 1143 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 45 0 0.18
053 MN 28-Oct-11 2252 0 0 3 1 0 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.49
054 MN 29-Oct-11 1038 0 0 0 0 4 5 9 0 0 1 3 3 0.96
056 MN 30-Oct-11 2250 0 0 10 7 1 12 0 1 0 1 8 0 0.84
058 MN 31-Oct-11 1039 11 0 5 2 1 2 0 9 1 1 4 0 0.96
063 2MN 2-Nov-11 2230 16 2 3 0 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 0 0.72
064 MN 3-Nov-11 0935 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 26 0 0.46
Abbreviations for zooplankton categories in Tables 8a and 8b: Cnid – cnidarian medusa; Siph – siphonophore bracts and floats; Cten – ctenophores; Pter –
pteropods; Nud - nudibranchs; Other Snail – pelagic snails; Ceph – cephalopods; Poly – polychaetes; Chaet – chaetognaths; Cop – copepods; Gam Amp –
gammarid amphipods; Hyp Amp – hyperiid amphipods; Crab (larv) – Crab larval stage; Shr (larv) – shrimp larval stage; Lob (larv) – lobster larval stage; Mys –
mysids; Euph – euphausiids; Stom (larv) – Stomatopod larval stage; Ost – ostracods; Clad – cladocerans; Iso – isopods; Salp – salps and doliolids; Fish (larv) -
larval fish. No 100 counts were collected for station 035 and 042 meter net tows.
35
Table 9: Phytoplankton net data for S237. Station locations as in Table 2.
Station
Number
(S237-)
Date Time
(Local)
Sea Surface
Temperature
(°C)
Chlorophyll
Fluorescence
(volts)
Salinity
(psu) General Locale
Sampled
Depth Range
(m)
025-PN 16-Oct-11 1113 25.8 1.1 34.92 N. Pacific Gyre 100 – 130
029-PN 18-Oct-11 1132 27.2 1.1 34.43 Eq. Current System 50 – 75
033-PN 20-Oct-11 1116 27.8 1.3 33.90 Eq. Current System 50 – 75
039-PN 22-Oct-11 1123 27.4 1.4 33.71 Eq. Current System 35 – 60
043-PN 24-Oct-11 1131 26.4 2.4 33.74 Eq. Current System 40 – 65
048-PN 26-Oct-11 1130 27.0 1.7 33.97 N. Pacific Gyre 60 – 85
052-PN 28-Oct-11 1111 26.3 1.2 34.66 N. Pacific Gyre 100 – 125
056-PN 30-Oct-11 1120 25.7 1.1 34.99 N. Pacific Gyre 90 – 120
Table 10: Secchi disk data for S237. Station locations as in Table 2.
Station
Number
(S237-)
Date Time
(Local)
Sea Surface
Temperature
(°C)
Salinity
(psu)
Chlorophyll
Fluorescence
(volts)
CDOM
Fluorescence
(volts)
Transmissivity
(volts)
Cloud
Cover
Wave
Height
(m)
Wind
Speed
(Beaufort
Force)
Secchi
Depth
(m)
Calculated
1% Level
(m)
General
Locale
044-SD 24-Oct-11 1515 26.3 33.71 2.2 69.7 113.1 98% 2 – 3 3 22.0 59 Eq. Current
System
Table 11: ARGO float deployment data for S237.
Date Time
(Local)
Latitude
(deg N)
Longitude
(deg W)
Float Serial
Number
Float
Instrumentation
Wave Height
(m)
Winds
(Beaufort
Force)
Sea Surface
Temperature
(°C)
Salinity
(psu)
14-Oct-11 1445 21° 39.9’N 129° 24.2’W 5326 CTD 1 – 1.5 2-3 23.2 34.33
16-Oct-11 1130 17° 08.7’N 129° 35.5’W 5831 CTD 1 2 26.2 34.93
Both ARGO floats were constructed by and will receive continued support from NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory ARGO Program
(http://floats.pmel.noaa.gov/). Float tracking and processed data may be accessed through the float database at the provided website.
36
Table 12: Student Research Projects for S237
Biological Oceanography
The effects of ocean acidification on Limacina, Clio, and Diacria
shell condition in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific Ocean
F. Clare Robins & Sonia
McCallum
Biogeography of zooplankton: DVM and physical factors in the
Pacific Ocean Chad Bowker & Ryne Beeding
An acidic bath: Zooplankton communities and pH in the
Northeastern Equatorial Pacific Brendan Kohrn
An analysis of chlorophyll-a and nutrients at the DCM along a
Pacific Ocean cruise track, with a satellite surface analysis
Tara Haney, Justine Cyr &
Maximilian Spielmann
Morphology of paralarval cephalopods in the Equatorial Pacific Josh Sorosky
Physical Oceanography
Impacts of La Nina on the eastern subtropical Pacific water
column
Katherine Stetson & Aisha
Weinhold
Marine Pollution
Distribution and abundance of microplastic and macroplastic in
the California Current, Equatorial Current System, and the
Northern Pacific Subtropical Gyre
Dana Wilfahrt & James Campbell
A study of biofilm composition and growth on macroplastics in
the North Equatorial Pacific
Christopher Klein, Justine Paradis
& Stephen Johnson
37
Student Research Project Abstracts
The effects of ocean acidification on Limacina, Clio, and Diacria shell condition in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific
Ocean - F. Clare Robins & Sonia McCallum
Ocean chemistry is a delicate system to which all ocean life has adapted. A key part of this balance is the carbonate
buffer system, which helps maintain the oceans’ slightly basic pH. The system has been affected by recent increases
of anthropogenic carbon dioxide. The ocean acts as a sink for this carbon dioxide, which lowers ocean wide pH.
This process, called ocean acidification, damages the delicate aragonite shells of pteropods. Cruise track S237 sailed
from San Diego, CA to Honolulu, HI from October 2nd
to November 9th
. During this time, pteropods were collected
during the night using neuston net tows. They were later examined for signs of shell degradation. Surface water
samples were collected at the same time as pteropod samples and processed for pH and alkalinity. The pH and
alkalinity values were compared to pteropod damage as a way of tangibly demonstrating the effects of global
climate change. It was found that the genus Limacina was the most damaged in its appearance, though Clio had the
weakest shells. Diacria was minimally damaged, though very few specimens were observed. Of the 983 pteropods
counted, 620 were damaged, totaling 63.07%. The global pH average is 8.1; along the cruise track pH levels varied
from 7.932 – 8.072. Calculated carbonate alkalinity varied from 2219.289 - 3081.909. No statistical relationship was
found between the percent of damaged pteropods and pH, however there was a minor statistical correlation between
percent of damaged pteropods and the calculated carbonate alkalinity.
Biogeography of zooplankton: DVM and physical factors in the Pacific Ocean – Chad Bowker & Ryne Beeding
This study focused on the zooplankton density and biodiversity of that population throughout Eastern Pacific. The
density and biodiversity of zooplankton is predicted to thrive in temperate waters in which the salinity and
temperature of the water are increased. Currents with more nutrients and increased temperature are expected to have
a higher density of zooplankton as well. A 333µm mesh-size neuston net (surface tow) and a 333µm mesh-size
meter net (for 150-300m depth tow) were towed at various positions, at 30 min intervals, twice every day, along
the S-237 cruise track in order to sieve the ocean for the zooplankton. Zooplankton are then sieved through for
‘floaters’ and the volume is measured by means of water displacement in a graduated cylinder. The biodiversity of
the zooplankton is determined by sampling a random 100 counts of said zooplankton and counting individual
organisms by species and genus which were then entered into the Shannon Weiner Diversity Index for valuing. The
salinity, temperature of the Pacific Ocean was continuously measured throughout the voyage by flow-through
thermosalinograph Sea Bird Electronics SBE 4S MicroTSG. Currents were identified by change in direction and
magnitude and measured by the on board 75 kHz Phased Array Ocean Surveyor Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler.
The average density and biodiversity of neuston tows which took place around noon and midnight were 0.013
ml/m3 , 0.52 and 0.021 ml/m
3, 0.69 respectively, average zooplankton density and biodiversity meter net which took
place around noon and midnight were .055 ml/m3 , 0.73 and 0.037 ml/m
3, 0.72 respectively. Our hypothesis was
supported by the increasing zooplankton densities as the cruise track continued south. The meter net zooplankton
densities showed a consistent higher value than the neuston tows which means there were more zooplankton in the
deeper layers than the surface layers despite DVM. Biodiversity increased as the current had a slightly higher than
average salinity level and temperature.
An acidic bath: Zooplankton communities and pH in the Northeastern Equatorial Pacific – Brendan Kohrn
Variation in zooplankton community composition with respect to pH was studied using data from neuston net tows
and bucket pH samples, collected along the SEA S237 cruise track aboard the SSV Robert C. Seamans. It was
hoped that the data collected would show a correlation between decreasing pH and change in zooplankton
community composition. Multiyear variation was examined using data from SEA cruises S225 and S231, following
roughly the same cruise track. Though there was some slight variation in zooplankton community, there was only a
slight, non-significant, decrease in pH from 2009 to 2011, and from the Equatorial regions to the California Current.
Of particular note is a huge increase in the number of gelatinous organisms in the year 2011 day tows, which does
not show up in the night tows or in any other years data set. Overall, the study found that changes in zooplankton
community composition cannot be studied solely on the basis of pH data and net tows, but that other factors must be
taken into account.
An analysis of chlorophyll-a and nutrients at the DCM along a Pacific Ocean cruise track, with a satellite surface
analysis - Tara Haney, Justine Cyr & Maximilian Spielmann
Phytoplankton are essential operators in the biogeochemical cycles on Earth. Key to their photosynthesis is a
pigment called chlorophyll-a. The nutrients phosphate and nitrate are also essential for phytoplankton growth. At a
38
certain depth, all the factors for phytoplankton growth are optimal and chlorophyll-a is highest. This depth is called
the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM). This depth was consistently below the 1% light level. Along the S-237
cruise track from San Diego to Honolulu, DCM water samples were collected from two major oceanic regions: the
North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) and Equatorial Current (EQ). These DCM water samples were analyzed for
chlorophyll-a, phosphate and nitrate. The NPSG had significantly lower phosphate and nitrate than the EQ, and
lower chlorophyll-a than the EQ. The depth of the DCM was also significantly lower in the NPSG than in the EQ.
Chlorophyll-a was size fractioned but no significant conclusions could be drawn from this data. 100-counts were
done of phytoplankton>20um from each DCM sample location. Counts indicated a preference for more spindly
diatoms and longer-horned Ceratium in the NPSG, and more chained diatoms and shorter-horned Ceratium in the
EQ. Centric diatoms were in every sample. Surface chlorophyll-a samples were collected along with DCM
chlorophyll-a samples to ground-truth satellite data. Comparisons of MODIS satellite values with the in situ values
showed that the satellite data is more consistently precise. However there was a strong correlation between the in
situ sampling and the MODIS data showing that remote sensing is a valid technique.
Morphology of paralarval cephalopods in the Equatorial Pacific – Josh Sorosky
Cephalopods, the largest of invertebrates, have long been a frustration in oceanographic research. Relatively little
illustration has been done on paralarval cephalopods in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Though a few thorough sources
are available, there are still only a few, making cross-referencing information limited. This project along the S237
cruise track from San Diego, CA to Honolulu, HI through SEA examined paralarval cephalopods across the
California Current, the North Pacific Gyre and the Equatorial Current System. Samples were illustrated and
organized into an infographic that follows the track and identifies individual’s location of capture as well as their
genus. The graphic offers background information on the cephalopod life cycle and morphology as well as the
process used to obtain the samples.
Impacts of La Nina on the eastern subtropical Pacific water column - Katherine Stetson & Aisha Weinhold
El Niño and La Niña, the counterparts of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are phenomena that impact the
world’s climate, represented in the layers of the ocean and on land. Biological impacts are as extreme as mass
collapse or mass net gain of organisms, due to the lack of upwelling in an El Niño season or to the extreme increase
in upwelling in a La Niña season. This study was conducted in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre and the
Equatorial Current System, facilitating a clear comparison between current ocean profiles, and profiles from
definitive El Niño (S225) and La Niña seasons (S231). Temperature and salinity were collected from a CTD, and
Dissolved Oxygen was collected from water samples at depth. Data was analyzed to determine the current ENSO
phase, or the ENSO phase that was likely to develop. Results suggest that ENSO development is more defined at
latitudes closer to the equator, and longitudes closer to the western coast of South America. It was found that La
Niña characteristics were visible developing further south and east, where as characteristics further north and west
were reflective of moderate El Niño characteristics. This suggests that a La Niña season is developing.
Distribution and abundance of microplastic and macroplastic in the California Current, Equatorial Current System,
and the Northern Pacific Subtropical Gyre - Dana Wilfahrt & James Campbell
This study was conducted to observe the abundance and distribution of macroplastics and microplastics in the
California Current, North Pacific Gyre, and Equatorial Current System along the S237 cruise track from San Diego,
CA to Honolulu, HI. Wind speed and direction as well as current magnitude and direction were observed and
compared to microplastic and macroplastic distribution and abundance. It was hypothesized that wind speed and
direction and current magnitude and direction would have similar effects on macroplastics and microplastics. Data
was collected twice daily from October 4th
through October 31st, 2011. A neuston net was used to collect
macroplastics and a bucket of surface water was used to collect microplastics. Macroplastic concentration was
determined by dividing macroplastic count by the approximate volume of water towed. Microplastic concentration
was determined by multiplying the quadrant counted on the filter by four and dividing by the water sample size.
Data was compared between the three regions and conclusions were drawn according to that data. The findings
presented that macroplastic and microplastic distribution and abundance were unrelated. There were distinct
differences in the concentrations of macroplastic and microplastic in the three regions. Wind speed and direction
and current magnitude and direction had different effects on macroplastics and microplastics, while showing no
correlation between the two. Wind speed had a positive effect on macroplastics and no effect on microplastics.
Current direction had an effect on microplastics, but showed no effect on macroplastics.
39
A study of biofilm composition and growth on macroplastics in the North Equatorial Pacific - Christopher Klein,
Justine Paradis & Stephen Johnson
Plastics are an ever-increasing source of pollution in the world’s oceans, though there is still relatively little known
about their impact and interaction with marine wildlife and environment, especially in terms of rate and extent of
biodegradation. However, it has been observed that floating plastic pieces develop biofilms, a layer of bacterial
organisms that cover various surfaces. In this study, pieces of high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene
(PP), and polylactic acid (PLA) were suspended in a flow-through aquarium aboard the SSV Robert C. Seamans as
she sailed from San Diego, CA to Honolulu, HI. The cruise track passed through coastal California waters, the North
Pacific Subtropical Gyre and the Equatorial Current System. Seawater from the surrounding waters was constantly
pumped through the tank to simulate the surrounding ocean environment. Every three days, samples were extracted
from the tank, scraped, re-suspended in sterile filtered seawater, stained with DAPI, and filtered onto individual
slides. The samples were viewed and counted on an epifluorescent microscope. Total bacteria counts were obtained
under UV light and autotrophic counts were obtained under green light. Counts were reduced to concentration of
cells per mm2. As anticipated, the number of both autotrophic and heterotrophic cells increased, plateaued, and then
decreased over the course of the sampling period. Autotrophic cell counts remained significantly lower than
heterotrophic cell counts for all plastic types as expected. PLA displayed the highest cell concentrations, followed
by HDPE and then PP. Both rate of growth and total cell concentration patterns corresponded to patterns of
chlorophyll-a concentration and, to a lesser extent, sea surface temperature as measured at each surface station
throughout the cruise.