Tyr’s Day, April 16: The Nightmare Life-In-DeathEQ: How did Coleridge’s “contraries” differ from Blake’s and Wordsworth’s?

Welcome! Gather pen/cil, paper, wits, Monday’s work!

Review/Discussion: Suspension of Disbelief

Opening Freewrite: The Nightmare Life-In-Death

Reading and Writing: Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Rime of the Ancient Mariner

ELACC12RL-RI2: Analyze two or more themes or central ideas of text ELACC12RL3: Analyze impact of author’s choices regarding elements of a story ELACC12RI3: Analyze and explain how individuals, ideas, events interact, develop ELACC12RI6: Determine an author’s point of view or purpose in a textELACC12RI8: Delineate and evaluate the reasoning in seminal British textsELACC12RL-RI9: Analyze for theme, purpose

rhetoric, how texts treat similar themes or topics

ELACC12RL10: Read and comprehend complex literature independently and proficiently. ELACC12W2: Write informative/explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideasELACC12W4: Produce clear and coherent writing appropriate to task, purpose, and audienceELACC12W5: Develop and strengthen writing by planning, revising, editing, rewritingELACC12W10: Write routinely over extended and shorter time frames ELACC12SL1: Initiate and participate effectively in a range of collaborative discussions ELACC12SL3: Evaluate a speaker’s point of view, reasoning, evidence and rhetoricELACC12L1: Demonstrate standard English grammar and usage in speaking and writing.ELACC12L2: Use standard English capitalization, punctuation, spelling in writing. ELACC12L3: Demonstrate understanding of how language functions in different contexts

Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772 – 1834)

Excerpts from Biographia Literaria (1817)

During the first year that Mr. Wordsworth and I were neighbours, our conversations turned frequently on the two cardinal points of poetry: the power of exciting the sympathy of the reader by a faithful adherence to the truth of nature, and the power of giving the interest of novelty by the modifying colours of imagination. The sudden charm, which accidents of light and shade, which moon-light or sunset diffused over a known and familiar landscape, appeared to represent the practicability of combining both. These are the poetry of nature.

The thought suggested itself (to which of us I do not recollect) that a series of poems might be composed of two sorts. In the one, the incidents and agents were to

be, in part at least, supernatural; and the excellence aimed at was to consist in the interesting of the affections by the dramatic truth of such emotions, as would naturally accompany such situations, supposing them real….For the second class, subjects were to be chosen from ordinary life….

In this idea originated the plan of the LYRICAL BALLADS; in which it was agreed, that my endeavours should be directed to persons and characters supernatural, or at least romantic; yet so as to transfer from our inward nature a human interest and a semblance of truth sufficient to procure for these shadows of imagination that willing suspension of disbelief for the moment, which constitutes poetic faith. Mr. Wordsworth, on the other hand, was to propose to himself as his object, to give the charm of novelty to things of every day, and to excite a feeling analogous to the supernatural, by awakening the mind's attention to the lethargy of custom, and directing it to the loveliness and the wonders of the world before us….

Opening Freewrite: “The Nightmare Life-In-Death”

First, consider several questions:

What does that term “The Undead” even mean? (Think in terms of “contraries,” as we have been doing!)

What makes such stories appealing?

Why are they so appealing NOW more than at other times?

Consider those questions as you freewrite 100 intelligent words on one or more of the following:

1. Stories about The Undead are more popular today than ever. Why do you suppose this is so?

2. Undeads seem different in “guy” stories (I Am Legend) and “chick” stories (Twilight). Why do you suppose this is so?

3. What is your favorite Undead story, and why?

Samuel Taylor Coleridge, “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” (1798): Part I

It is an ancient Mariner, *sailor And he stoppeth one of three. "By thy long grey beard and glittering eye, Now wherefore stopp'st thou me?

"The Bridegroom's doors are opened wide, And I am next of kin; The guests are met, the feast is set: May'st hear the merry din*." *noise

He holds him with his skinny hand, "There was a ship," quoth he. "Hold off! unhand me, grey-beard loon!" Eftsoons his hand dropt he.

He holds him with his glittering eye-- The Wedding-Guest stood still, And listens like a three years child: The Mariner hath his will.

The Wedding-Guest sat on a stone: He cannot choose but hear; And thus spake on that ancient man, The bright-eyed Mariner.

“The ship was cheered, the harbour cleared, Merrily did we dropBelow the kirk, below the hill,Below the light-house top.

The Sun came up upon the left, Out of the sea came he!And he shone bright, and on the rightWent down into the sea….

And now the STORM-BLAST came, and he Was tyrannous and strong: He struck with his o'ertaking wings, And chased south along.

“With sloping masts and dipping prow, As who pursued with yell and blow Still treads the shadow of his foe

And now there came both mist and snow, And it grew wondrous cold:And ice, mast-high, came floating by, As green as emerald.

And through the drifts the snowy clifts Did send a dismal sheen:Nor shapes of men nor beasts we ken-- The ice was all between.

The ice was here, the ice was there, The ice was all around:It cracked and growled, and roared and howled, Like noises in a swound! *dream, faint

At length did cross an Albatross: *BIG seagull Thorough the fog it came;As if it had been a Christian soul, We hailed it in God's name.

It ate the food it ne'er had eat, And round and round it flew. The ice did split with a thunder-fit; The helmsman steered us through!

And a good south wind sprung up behind; The Albatross did follow, And every day, for food or play, Came to the mariners' hollo!

In mist or cloud, on mast or shroud, It perched for vespers nine; *eveningsWhiles all the night, through fog-smoke white, Glimmered the white Moon-shine.

"God save thee, ancient Mariner! From the fiends, that plague thee thus!--Why look'st thou so?"— With my cross-bow I shot the ALBATROSS.

And forward bends his head, The ship drove fast, loud roared the blast, And southward aye we fled.Samuel Taylor Coleridge, “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” (1798): Part II

The Sun now rose upon the right: Out of the sea came he, Still hid in mist, and on the left Went down into the sea.

And the good south wind still blew behind But no sweet bird did follow, Nor any day for food or play Came to the mariners' hollo!

And I had done an hellish thing, And it would work 'em woe: For all averred, I had killed the bird That made the breeze to blow. Ah wretch! said they, the bird to slay That made the breeze to blow!

Nor dim nor red, like God's own head, The glorious Sun uprist: Then all averred, I had killed the bird That brought the fog and mist. 'Twas right, said they, such birds to slay, That bring the fog and mist.

The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, The furrow followed free: We were the first that ever burst Into that silent sea.

Down dropt the breeze, the sails dropt down, 'Twas sad as sad could be;And we did speak only to break The silence of the sea!

All in a hot and copper sky, The bloody Sun, at noon, Right up above the mast did stand, No bigger than the Moon.

Day after day, day after day, We stuck, nor breath nor motion; As idle as a painted ship Upon a painted ocean.

Water, water, every where, And all the boards did shrink; Water, water, every where, Nor any drop to drink.

The very deep did rot: O Christ! That ever this should be! Yea, slimy things did crawl with legs Upon the slimy sea.

About, about, in reel and rout The death-fires danced at night; The water, like a witch's oils, Burnt green, and blue and white.

And some in dreams assured were Of the spirit that plagued us so: Nine fathom deep he had followed us From the land of mist and snow.

And every tongue, through utter drought, Was withered at the root;We could not speak, no more than if We had been choked with soot.

Ah! well a-day! what evil looks Had I from old and young! Instead of the cross, the Albatross About my neck was hung.

Samuel Taylor Coleridge, “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” (1798): Part III There passed a weary time. Each throat Was parched, and glazed each eye. A weary time! a weary time! How glazed each weary eye, When looking westward, I beheld A something in the sky.

At first it seemed a little speck, And then it seemed a mist: It moved and moved, and took at last A certain shape, I wist. *believed

A speck, a mist, a shape, I wist! And still it neared and neared: As if it dodged a water-sprite, *spirit It plunged and tacked and veered. With throats unslaked, with black lips baked, We could not laugh nor wail;Through utter drought all dumb we stood! I bit my arm, I sucked the blood, And cried, A sail! a sail!

With throats unslaked, with black lips baked, Agape they heard me call: Gramercy! they for joy did grin, And all at once their breath drew in, As they were drinking all.

See! see! (I cried) she tacks no more! Hither to work us weal; *good, help Without a breeze, without a tide, She steadies with upright keel!

The western wave was all a-flame The day was well nigh done! Almost upon the western wave Rested the broad bright Sun; When that strange shape drove suddenly Betwixt us and the Sun.

And straight the Sun was flecked with bars, (Heaven's Mother send us grace!) As if through a dungeon-grate he peered, With broad and burning face.

Are those her ribs through which the Sun Did peer, as through a grate?And is that Woman all her crew?Is that a DEATH? and are there two? *skeleton Is DEATH that woman's mate?

Her lips were red, her looks were free, Her locks were yellow as gold: Her skin was as white as leprosy, The Night-Mare LIFE-IN-DEATH was she, Who thicks man's blood with cold.

The naked hulk alongside came, *busted ship And the twain were casting dice; "The game is done! I've won! I've won!" Quoth she, and whistles thrice. The Sun’s rim dips, the stars rush out, At one stride comes the dark; With far-heard whisper, o'er the sea. Off shot the spectre-bark. *ship

We listened and looked sideways up!Fear at my heart, as at a cup,My life-blood seemed to sip!The stars were dim, and thick the night,The steersman's face by his lamp gleamed white;From the sails the dew did drip--Till clombe above the eastern barThe horned Moon, with one bright starWithin the nether tip.

One after one, by the star-dogged Moon Too quick for groan or sigh,Each turned his face with a ghastly pang, *pain And cursed me with his eye.

Four times fifty living men, (And I heard nor sigh nor groan) With heavy thump, a lifeless lump, They dropped down one by one. The souls did from their bodies fly,-- They fled to bliss or woe!

Alas! (thought I, and my heart beat loud) How fast she nears and nears! Are those her sails that glance in the Sun, Like restless gossamers?

And every soul, it passed me by,Like the whizz of my CROSS-BOW!

Samuel Taylor Coleridge, “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” (1798): Part IV Alone, alone, all, all alone, Alone on a wide wide sea! And never a saint took pity on My soul in agony.

The many men, so beautiful! And they all dead did lie: And a thousand thousand slimy things Lived on; and so did I. I looked upon the rotting sea, And drew my eyes away; I looked upon the rotting deck, And there the dead men lay.

I looked to Heaven, and tried to pray: But or ever a prayer had gusht, A wicked whisper came, and made my heart as dry as dust.

I closed my lids, and kept them close,And the balls like pulses beat;For the sky and the sea, and the sea and the sky Lay like a load on my weary eye,And the dead were at my feet.

The cold sweat melted from their limbs, Nor rot nor reek did they: The look with which they looked on me Had never passed away.

An orphan's curse would drag to hellA spirit from on high;But oh! more horrible than thatIs a curse in a dead man's eye!Seven days, seven nights, I saw that curse,And yet I could not die.

The moving Moon went up the sky, And no where did abide: Softly she was going up, And a star or two beside.

Her beams bemocked the sultry main,

Beyond the shadow of the ship,I watched the water-snakes:They moved in tracks of shining white,And when they reared, the elfish lightFell off in hoary flakes.

Within the shadow of the ship I watched their rich attire:Blue, glossy green, and velvet black,They coiled and swam; and every trackWas a flash of golden fire.

O happy living things! no tongueTheir beauty might declare:A spring of love gushed from my heart,And I blessed them unaware:Sure my kind saint took pity on me,And I blessed them unaware.

The self same moment I could pray;And from my neck so freeThe Albatross fell off, and sank Like lead into the sea.

[The mariner sleeps, rain and wind come, the dead sailors arise to help the Mariner sail to England. After weird adventures, the Mariner arrives safely in harbour. The Mariner concludes:]

Farewell, farewell! but this I tell To thee, thou Wedding-Guest! He prayeth well, who loveth well Both man and bird and beast. He prayeth best, who loveth best All things both great and small; For the dear God who loveth us He made and loveth all.

The Mariner, whose eye is bright, Whose beard with age is hoar, Is gone: and now the Wedding-Guest Turned from the bridegroom's door.

He went like one that hath been stunned, And is of sense forlorn:

Like April hoar-frost spread; But where the ship's huge shadow lay, The charmed water burnt alway A still and awful red.

A sadder and a wiser man, He rose the morrow morn.

Samuel Taylor Coleridge, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner

Part I

1. The Mariner, we are told, “stoppeth _______ of __________” people. This tells us that:

a. the narrator was chosen at random for reasons that are never unexplained

b. the narrator was chosen because he was guilty of a secret sin

c. the narrator was playing one of the Wise Men in a Christmas pageant

2. The narrator tells the Mariner that he is late for what sort of ceremony?

3. The Mariner “holds” the Wedding-Guest “with his skinny __________” and starts his tale, but the

Wedding Guest will not listen, so the Mariner “holds him with his glittering _______.”

4. The Mariner says that his ship sailed peacefully until “the ____________ - __________ came” and

drove them south until they got stuck in “_________, mast-high … as ____________ as emerald.”

5. “No shapes of ________ or________ we ken,” but still something “roared and howled” – what?

6. “At length did cross an _______________,” says the Mariner.

7. At first, how did the sailors treat it, and what did they do for it?

8. When they did that, what happened to the stuff from Question #4 that they were stuck in?

9. What did thing from Question #6 do “every day” after that “for vespers nine” – i.e., nine evenings?

10. At the end of Part 1, the Mariner admits: “With my ________________ I _______ the Albatross.”

Freewrite 10 wds: Why do you think he did this? (We’re not told. That in itself is a clue.)

Samuel Taylor Coleridge, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner

Part II

1. The sailors at first say that the Mariner “had done a ___________ thing, / And it would work

‘em _________; /For all averred I’d __________ the bird / That made the __________ to blow.”

2. When, the next day, “the __________________ sun ___________,/ … all averred I’d

______________ the bird/ That brought the __________ and ____________.”

3. “T’was __________, said they, such birds to ___________.” Circle one:

They are judging the Mariner’s act on its intrinsic morality;

They are judging the Mariner’s act on its practical consequences for them.

Now Freewrite 20 words: What is the difference, and why does it matter?

4. Then, suddenly, what happens to the nice wind and temperature? Be specific.

5. The Mariner says they are as “stuck … as idle as a __________ ship / Upon a ___________ ocean.”

6. The Mariner laments: “_________, __________ everywhere,/ Nor any ________ to ___________.”

Freewrite 10 wds: What is ironic, paradoxical, or contradictory about this?

7. “The very deep did ________,” says the Mariner, who complains that “ ____________ things did

crawl with legs / Upon a ________________ sea” – and that the water did what weird thing?

8. “And,” says the Mariner, “some in ____________ assured were / Of the _________” that followed

them from “the land of __________ and __________” to torture them.

9. According to the Mariner, why did nobody speak all this time?

10. The sailors now all gave the Mariner “_________” looks, and so did what to him?

Samuel Taylor Coleridge, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner

Part III

1. “Looking westward,” the Mariner says that he “beheld / A ______________ in the _________.”

2. Why could the sailors “not laugh nor wail”?

3. What does the Mariner do to be able to cry, “A ______! A ______!”

4. Everyone is thinks this ship is coming “hither to work us _____________” – meaning what?

5. They change their mind when they realize that this ship moves “without” what?

6. Describe what the ship looks like:

7. The ship appears to have two crew members: a woman, and “a ________________.”

8. The Mariner says of the woman: “Her lips were _________, her looks were _________, / Her

locks were yellow as __________; / Her skin was white as __________________.”

Freewrite 10 wds: What is ironic about that – i.e., what did you expect that last blank to read?

11. He realizes that the woman is “the Night-Mare _______________ in _______________ .”

12. “The twain” – i.e., the two crew members – were playing what game?

13. Which crew member won?

14. The sun set, the ghost-ship sped off, and “__________ times ___________ living men” did what?

Samuel Taylor Coleridge, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner

Part IV

1. The Mariner believes that he is “_____________, ______________, all, all ______________, /

______________ on a ____________, ____________ sea.”

2. He thinks this because “the many _____________, so ________________ / …. all ___________ did

lie; / And a thousand thousand _____________ things / _____________ on, and so did I.”

3. He tries to ______________, but cannot. Why not?

4. “The cold ____________ melted” from the dead men, but “Nor ________ nor _________ did they.”

Freewrite 10 wds: What is ironic about that – and why do you think this happens?

5. For “_____________ days, _______________ nights” this continued until, one moon-lit night, he

“watched the _______________ _____________” and admired their beauty.

6. He exclaims, “O happy ____________ things,” then “a spring of ____________ ___________ from

my ______________ / And I blessed them __________________.”

7. At “that self-same moment,” what could he do that he couldn’t before?

Freewrite 10 wds: Why do you suppose he now can do this? What has he learned?

8. The Mariner’s final message to the Wedding-Guest is that “he _____________ well, who

____________ well / Both __________ and ____________ and ______________.”

9. The Wedding-Guest went home, and next day was “a _______________ and a ____________ man.”