Samuel Nguiffo: Tropical forest tenure assessment: Status, trends and implications for Central...

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Tropical Forest Tenure Assessment: Status, Trends and Implications for Central Africa Samuel Nguiffo Secretary General Centre pour l'Environnement et le Development Cameroun Yaounde 25 May 2009

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Day 1, Session 1: Current status of tenure and emerging lessons from ongoing reform Presentation by Samuel Nguiffo, Executive Director, Center for Environment and Development

Transcript of Samuel Nguiffo: Tropical forest tenure assessment: Status, trends and implications for Central...

Page 1: Samuel Nguiffo: Tropical forest tenure assessment: Status, trends and implications for Central Africa

Tropical Forest Tenure Assessment: Status, Trends and Implications for Central Africa

Samuel NguiffoSecretary General

Centre pour l'Environnement et le Development Cameroun

Yaounde25 May 2009 

Page 2: Samuel Nguiffo: Tropical forest tenure assessment: Status, trends and implications for Central Africa

Tenure distribution of Tropical Forests, 2008

65%

4%

18%

13%

Public: Administered by government Public: Designated for use by communities & indigenous peoples

Owned by communities & indigenous peoples Owned by individuals & firms

Source: RRI, 2009

Page 3: Samuel Nguiffo: Tropical forest tenure assessment: Status, trends and implications for Central Africa

Why this matters today?

• Capacity of the state to effectively manage• Tensions/conflicts over land and resources are rising throughout the world

• Low economic development in rural areas and nationally in many high forest countries

• Environmental degradation and the global climate

• Government ownership of forest contradicts trend to decentralize

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Progress just starting in Africa

Latin America Asia & Pacific

Africa

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Industrial concessions dominate African forests

Comparison of the area of industrial concessions and community forest land in the Central African ITTO Producer countries

0 20 40 60 80

Designated forand Owned byCommunities

and IndigenousPeople

ConcessionAreas

Millions of hectares

Industrial logging

Mining

Other (including oil and gas)

Designated for communities andindigenous peopleOwned by community andindigenous people

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Why it matters for Central Africa

• Enormity of potential (vast forest resources)• There is enough for everyone, little potential for communities causing harm to land and resources

• Rush from foreign countries for forests, mining & plantations that is likely to cause problems in this context: conflict, pollution, rights abuses

• Rural poverty has increased in the last ten years in all Central African countries

• REDD presents potential benefits, but requires clear tenure

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Scaling up reform is possible, and experiences exist to build on

• Amazon Basin versus Congo Basin: It will take 260 years at today’s rate for Congo Basin to reach the Amazon Basin’s level of community forest ownership

• If Congo Basin moves at the speed of the Amazon it will only take 16 years…

• Can learn from Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Mozambique, Tanzania, India, Canada, Sweden, Finland, China, etc. 

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Examples of reform

• 20 countries over past 10 years have made legal and policy reforms to strengthen the rights of forest communities; 8 of these countries are in Africa

• Brazil– Once behind now leading the way in recognizing forest community rights

• Mozambique– developed participatory policy making and implementation

• Tanzania– Village land acts and PFM programs

• India– Forest Rights Act makes advances on JFM and gives more authority and land 

rights to local groups• Central Africa:

– Over the past 10 years, increased actions to support and implement community forestry in Central Africa: Cameroon, Rep of Congo; Gabon; CAR.

• Challenges still exist, but the first steps have been taken

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Mozambique: Recognizing tenure rights based on historic use and occupation

– Peace Agreement (1992)

– Elections (1994)

– Return process (1993‐1994 onwards)

– Ad hoc Land Commission (1993)

– Research (1992 – 2004)

– Land policy (1995)

– Inter‐Ministerial Land Commission (1996 ‐ 2003)

– Participatory development process ‐ Land Law (1996 ‐ 1997)

– Land Campaign and land law dissemination (1998 ‐1999)

– Regulations to the Land Law (1998)

– Technical Annex for community land registration (1998 ‐1999)

– Community land registration (1999 onwards)

– Provincial support to land policy implementation (Zambézia, Nampula, Sofala)

– Cadastral reform and decentralisation (2000 onwards) 

– Training judiciary (2001 onwards)

– Multi‐donor Community Land Use Fund (development from 2003 onwards), MCC support to land administration from 2008

1992

2009

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Some lessons

• Recognized the multiple uses and actors present in rural areas

• Created a multi‐stakeholder negotiation and consensus building process

• Civil society became a partner in policy development• Local communities become rights holders and investment partners

• A long process with complications, stumbles and advances that is still being implemented today with the support of national NGOs and civil society

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Challenges

• Acknowledge that it is difficult but possible now

• And it will be more difficult tomorrow – more interests to accommodate in a clear legal and practical environment

• Tenure reform is often understood as only for communities – but it is a question of benefits for the state, private investors