SAMUDGAR - BY SISTER NIVEDITA SCHOOL

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1. [¨”uı\p_°\u NygpbcpC ≈_u 3

2. X$p∑. lp°du S>lp¨Nuf cpcp ‚lπgp]$ R>. `V°$g 8

3. _uhX°$gp¨ _°”u_° Np¨^u `yfıL$pf fnp d. Ïepk 11

4. i°_°_X$p°Apl _∑i_g `pLÆ$ A∑fiX$ h°gu NygpbcpC ≈_u 14Djpbl°_ ≈_u

5. Ap`Zp° k|eÆ _p•[dcpC hMpqfep 20

6. bpmL$p°_u _S>f° ≈°hp\u ]y$r_ep bQi° rkdp°_ rbi` 23

7. WHAT IS DEATH ? dp•rgL$ cZkpgu 25

8. i•nrZL$ kƒS>[p L$peÆæ$d _hu_Q¨÷ S>°. dL$hpZp 26

9. `pRy>¨ S>hp_y¨ ıL|$g ? L$]Æ$d f. dp°]$u 31

10. dpe ap^f fZR>p°X$ ipl 33

11. cfd cp¨N[p° A]π$cy[ N∞¨\ Np°th]$cpC fphg 36

12. b° hpºep°_u Ap–dL$\p blp]y$fcpC S>. hp¨L$ 39

13. N¨NybpC l¨Ng_u rQfrh]$pe ArcrS>[ Ïepk 40

14. ‚pZgpg `V°$g [yjpf cÀ$ 42

15. AÊepk 51

16. _°Qf ºgb L∑$Á` - L$prmepf fpÙ≤$ue D¤p_ : Aq]$r[ hOprkep 54h°mph]$f - Al°hpg

17. `yı[L$-`qfQe Djpbl°_ ≈_u 56

18. rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p i•nrZL$ k¨Ly$g ]$u`L$cpC ≈°iu 58‚h©r—-Al°hpg

19. hpQL$p°_p `”p° 111

(rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p i•nrZL$ k¨Ly$g_y¨ dyM`”)

[¨”u : NygpbcpC ≈_u

: `fpdiÆL$p° :Djpbl°_ ≈_u ky^pbl°_ `¨X$ÈpfS>_ucpC ≈°iu r_f¨S>_cpC ¨X$Èpbmh¨[cpC ]°$kpC rhcphfu ≈_u

q Ap ”•dprkL$_p° Dÿ°i rh¤p\wAp°, hpguAp°, rinL$p° [\p rinZdp¨ fk g°_pfklz L$p°C_° D`ep°Nu \pe [°hp g°Mp° hN°f° ‚NV$ L$fhp_p° R>°.

q ≈Zu[p rinZip˜uAp°, kprl–eL$pfp°, rhQpfL$p°_p g°Mp° Ap ”•dprkL$dp¨‚L$V$ \i°.

q bpmL$p°_u kprls–eL$ L©$r[Ap° Ap ”•dprkL$dp¨ ‚L$pri[ \i°. q g°M L$pNm_u A°L$ bpSy> gMpe°g lp°hp° ≈°CA°. q g°M dp•rgL$ lp°hp° S>Í$fu R>°. q g°Mp°, `yı[L$p°, L©$r[Ap° [¨”u_p kf_pd° dp°L$ghp¨. g°M A¨N° L$p°C `”Ïehlpf

L$fhp° _lv. q Ap ”•dprkL$dp¨ ‚rkŸ \[p rhQpfp° kp\° [¨”u kld[ R>° [°d dp_hy¨ _lv. q AıhuL©$[ L©r[ `f[ d°mhhp S>Í$fu V$`pg qV$qL$V$p° Qp°X°$gy¨ `p°[p_p¨

_pd-kf_pdphpmy¨ `fbuqX$ey¨ dp°L$ghy¨ S>Í$fu R>°.

ghpS>d : hprjÆL$ Í$. 60-00‚L$piL$ : Óu NygpbcpC ≈_u, d∑_°tS>N V≤$ıV$u,

rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p Q∑qfV°$bg V≤$ıV$, L$pgphX$ fp°X$, fpS>L$p°V$ - 360 007ap°_ _¨. 2575061, 2573857, a°ºk _¨.2581257

C-d°Cg : [email protected]

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kdy]π$Npfkdy]π$Npfkdy]π$Npfkdy]π$Npfkdy]π$Npf

kdy]π$Npf : Ap∑ºV$p°bf\u qX$k°Ábf 2009 12 kdy]π$Npf : Ap∑ºV$p°bf\u qX$k°Ábf 2009

[¨”uı\p_°\u...q NygpbcpC ≈_u

Ad°qfL$pdp¨ q]$hpmu_u A_p°Mu DS>hZuAd°qfL$pdp¨ q]$hpmu_u A_p°Mu DS>hZuAd°qfL$pdp¨ q]$hpmu_u A_p°Mu DS>hZuAd°qfL$pdp¨ q]$hpmu_u A_p°Mu DS>hZuAd°qfL$pdp¨ q]$hpmu_u A_p°Mu DS>hZu

q]$hpmu_p [l°hpf_p q]$hkp°dp¨ S> rhcp_° V°$ºkpk V°$L$ eyr_hrkÆV$u, gbL$dp¨

BrfiV$qfef qX$TpC_ A¨N°_u A›ep`L$p° dpV°$_u L$p∑fiaffikdp¨ [°_y¨ `°`f fS|> L$fhp S>hp_y¨ l[y¨.

Ad° `Z kp\° Nep¨. fıV$_, gyrTep_p\u L$pfdp¨ gbL$ `lp¢Q[p¨ 09-30 L$gpL$ \pe. fp°X$

kfk A_° L$pf kfk, [°\u \pL$ _ gpN°.

gbL$ il°f `rÚd V°$ºkpk_p ]$rnZrhcpN_u d›edp¨ Aph°gy¨ R>°. Ap rhı[pf

rh_p dp°V$pdp¨ dp°V$p k`pV$ ‚]°$idp¨_p° A°L$ NZpe R>°. Alv `h_QΩ$u ‹pfp rh¤y[_y¨

D–`p]$_ \pe R>°. fı[pdp¨ bfl° [fa rhipm `h_QΩ$uAp° af[u ]°$Mpe R>°. A° ≈°C X$p°_

qL$lp°V°$_u hp[pÆ ep]$ Aphu ≈e R>°. Ap ‚]°$idp¨ W°$fW°$f Ap∑Cg_p L|$hpAp° R>°. ]$f°L$ M°[fdp¨

Ap∑Cg M¢Qhp_u diu_fu ]°$Mpe. L$p°C ›ep_ fpMhphpmy¨ _S>f° _ `X°$. gp°L$p°_u riı[ A_°

L$pe]$p_p `pg__u QuhV$_p L$pfZ° L$p°C [p°X$ap°X$ \[u _\u.

Ad° fp”° 08-30 hp¡e° gbL$ `lp¢√ep¨. fı[pdp¨\u ap°_ L$fu ≈Zu gu^y¨ l[y¨ L°$

BrfiX$e_ f°ıV$p°fp¨ ºep¨ R>°. A°L$ kf]$pf∆ f°ıV$p°fp¨ Qgph[p l[p. ApMp q]$hk_p L$pd `R>u

\pL°$gp gp¡ep. Ap∑XÆ$f gC [f[ S>dhp_y¨ b_phu Apù Nep.

S>du_° Ad° eyr_hrkÆV$u_u _∆L$ Aph°g ıV°$erb∞S> ıeyVπ$k lp°V°$g `f `lp¢√ep¨.

ıeyVπ$kdp¨ k¨`|ZÆ L$uQ_, f°q‰S>f°V$f, qX$ihp∑if, dpCæ$p°h°h, N∑k, fkp°C dpV°$_p¨ kp^_p°

hN°f° l[p¨. S>C_° [f[ k|C Nep¨.

khpf° hl°gp¨ EW$u rhcp_° eyr_hrkÆV$u_p L$p∑fiaffik-ı\m° `lp¢Qhp_y¨ l[y¨. Ap

L$p∑fiaffik_p L$p°-Ap∑qXÆ$_°V$f ‚p°. i°fua A°dp°f lp°V°$g `f g°hp ApÏep. b`p°f `R>u L$p∑fiaffik

|fu \C. –epf`R>u Ad° eyr_hrkÆV$u qfkf ≈°hp _uL$˛ep. V°$ºkpk V°$L$ eyr_hrkÆV$u A°L$fp°dp¨

a°gpe°gu R>°. gbL$ il°f_p rhL$pkdp¨ eyr_hrkÆV$u_p° dl“h_p° apmp° R>°. Ad°qfL$p_u L°$fi÷

kfL$pf° D√Q rinZ_p° a°gphp° \pe A_° ]|$f]|$f_p N∞pÁe ‚]°$i_p rh¤p\wAp° D√Q rinZ_p°

gpc d°mhu iL°$ [° dpV°$ iÍ$Ap[dp¨ N∞pÁe ‚]°$idp¨ eyr_hrkÆV$u ı\`pe [° dpV°$ S>du_p°

da[ Apù. Aphu Landgrant College [\p eyr_hrkÆV$uA° Apk`pk_p ‚]°$i_p Apr\ÆL$,

kpdprS>L$, kp¨ıL©$r[L$ rhL$pkdp¨ dl“h_p° apmp° Ap‡ep°.

V°$ºkpk V°$L$ eyr_hrkÆV$udp¨ h√Q°h√Q° ky¨]$f ı\p`–ep° dyL$pep¨ R>°. ‚p°. i°fua° S>ZpÏey¨L°$ Adpfu eyr_hrkÆV$udp¨ S>° _hp¨ bp¨^L$pd \pe [°_p bS>°V$_u A°L$ V$L$p S>°V$gu fL$d L$mpdpV°$ apmhhu afrS>ep[ R>°. Ap ky¨]$f ı\p`–ep°, g∑fiX$ıL°$` [°_y¨ `qfZpd R>°.

‚p°. i°fua° kp¨S>_p –ep¨_p BıgprdL$ k°fiV$f_p A°L$ L$peÆæ$ddp¨ cpN g°hp Apd¨”ZAp‡ey¨. Ad° [°_p° kljÆ ıhuL$pf L$fu kp¨S>_p 08-30 hp¡e° –ep¨ `lp¢√ep¨. Ap dsıS>]$_p¨‡gpt_N [\p bp¨^L$pd_u S>hpb]$pfu ‚p°. i°fua° guû l[u. QugpQpgy L$f[p¨ Sy>]$p S>‚L$pf_u X$uTpC_ l[u. Ad° –ep¨ `lp¢√ep¨ L°$ [f[ ‚p°. i°fua [\p [°d_p¨ `–_uA° Ad_°AphL$pfu b^p¨ kp\° Ap°mMpZ L$fphu A_° cp°S>_dp¨ ≈°X$php A_yfp° L$ep£. rdX$g-BıV$_urhrh^ hp_NuAp° l[u. OZuMfu ipL$plpfu hp_NuAp° l[u.

cp°S>_ g°[p¨-g°[p¨ ‚p°. i°fua A_° Afie gp°L$p°A° Ad_° S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ Ad° ]$f drl_°Sy>]$pSy>]$p ^dÆ_p gp°L$p° Ap fu[° dmuA° R>uA°. ]$f°L$_p ^dÆ_p¨ D—d [“hp°_u ≈ZL$pfud°mhuA° R>uA°. Aph[p drl°_° Ad° rlfi]y$ V°$Á`gdp¨ dmhp_p¨ R>uA°. A–epf° dysıgd,qæ$rÚe_, ƒey, rlfi]y$ ^dÆ_p gp°L$p° A°L$” \ep R>°. gNcN Qpguk-`Qpk cpC-bl°_p°l[p¨. Ad°qfL$pdp¨ 9/11_p b_ph R>u rhcfdp¨ dÆ_p _pd° S>° N°fkdS>Zp°, Ap¨[L$hp]$hN°f° h›ep¨ R>° –epf° b^p ^dp£_u kpQu kdS> ‚≈_° dmu fl° [° dpV°$ Ap ‚e–_ iÍ$ L$ep£R>°. ûf°ûf° Afie il°fp°dp¨ `Z Ap ‚h©r— rhL$ku flu R>°.

cp°S>_ `R>u Ad° b^p¨ dsıS>]$dp¨ Nep¨. dysıgd gp°L$p°A° _dpS> `Y$u, Ly$fp_dp¨\uhpQ_ L$eyØ.

–epfbp]$ rhipm lp∑gdp¨ A°L$” \ep¨. X$p∑. Tyl°f iubpl° Bıgpddp¨ dp[pr`[p ‚–e°_uaf≈° `f `phf`p∑CfiV$ ‚°TfiV°$i_\u kfk kd≈Ïey¨. dp[pr`[p_y¨ ı\p_ Cf `R>u R>° A_°[°d_u k°hp L$fhu A° S> `fd L$[ÆÏe R>° [° Sy>]$uSy>]$u Ly$fp__u Apep[p°_p Ap^pf° kd≈Ïey¨.A° `R>u ‚Òp°—fu \C. Afie ^dÆ_p gp°L$p°A° QQpÆdp¨ cpN gu^p°.

Apa[pb _pd_p kƒS>_ Adpfp V°$bg `f S> cp°S>_ dpV°$ ≈°X$pep l[p. [° k¨`|ZÆipL$plpfu R>°. d¢ [°d_° |Rey, "ip dpV°$ [d° ipL$plpfu \ep ?' [°dZ° L$ y, 'By my choice -d_° Nd° R>° [°\u. dpfp Ofdp¨ dpfp¨ –_u, bpmL$p° rb_ipL$plpfu R>°, Z lz¨ Qyı[ ipL$plpfuRy>¨.' [°Ap° `l°gp¨ g¨X$_ l[p. [°d_p¨ Afie Ly$Vy¨$buS>_p° g¨X$_ R>°. [°d_p¨ `–_u_° Ad°qfL$p_\u Nd[y¨. g¨X$__u blz ep]$ Aph° R>°.

‚p°. idud rkqÿL$u bp¨¡gp]°$i_p R>°. b¨Npmu cpjp A_° fhufi÷_p\ V$pNp°f_p QplL$R>°, fhufi÷k¨Nu[_p ‚°du R>°.

kdy]π$Npf : Ap∑ºV$p°bf\u qX$k°Ábf 2009 3 4 kdy]π$Npf : Ap∑ºV$p°bf\u qX$k°Ábf 2009

Ad° L$¸y¨, "ApS>° q]$hpmu R>°.' b^pÄ° Ap_¨]$ Ïeº[ L$fu afu hpf duW$pC MhX$phuA_° R|>V$[u hM[° M|b ‚°d\u duW$pC_y¨ `∑L°$V$ Ap‡ey¨. Ad° L$¸y¨, "l≈fp° dpCg ]|$f Ap ı\m°Ap fu[° dmhp_y¨ \ey¨. khÆ^dÆkdfihe_p dplp°gdp¨ dmu_° Adpfu q]$hpmu ky^fu NC.'A° eyr_hrkÆV$u_p ApVÆ$_p ‚p°a°kf V$ud dp°fp° [\p [°d_p¨ `–_u kyT_ d˛ep¨. [°Ap° buS>°q]$hk° fıV_$ eyr_hrkÆV$u_p L$pd° Aphhp_p¨ l[p¨. [°dZ° fıV$_dp¨ S>Í$f dmuiy¨ L$lu OZuhp[p° L$fu.

kde OZp° \ep° l[p°. ‚p°. i°fua [\p Afie gp°L$p°A° Ap ‚k¨Ndp¨ ≈°X$php dpV°$Adpfp° Apcpf dpfiep°.

Ad° fı[pdp¨ Ap A¨N° hp[ L$f[p¨ rhQpf[p¨ l[p¨ L°$ ]y$r_ep L°$hu kfk R>° ! L°$hp¨ kfkdpZkp° R>° ! ip dpV°$ ]y$r_epdp¨ gX$pC, TOX$p, CÛepÆ, ‹°j ≈°hp dm° R>° ? dp£ [p° ‚°d_p° S>D`]°$i Ap`° R>°.

Aphp k¨r_õ$ ‚epkp°\u S> A°L$ q]$hk rhdp¨ ‚°d_y¨ kpd∞pƒe ‚h[Æi°.

i∑f A∑fiX$ L∑$f apDfiX°$i_ ‹pfp 27dp hprjÆL$ q]$__u DS>hZui∑f A∑fiX$ L∑$f apDfiX°$i_ ‹pfp 27dp hprjÆL$ q]$__u DS>hZui∑f A∑fiX$ L∑$f apDfiX°$i_ ‹pfp 27dp hprjÆL$ q]$__u DS>hZui∑f A∑fiX$ L∑$f apDfiX°$i_ ‹pfp 27dp hprjÆL$ q]$__u DS>hZui∑f A∑fiX$ L∑$f apDfiX°$i_ ‹pfp 27dp hprjÆL$ q]$__u DS>hZu

C. k. 1982dp¨ `p°[p_p dp]$f° h[_ ‚–e°_p ‚°d A_° F>ZıhuL$pf_u cph_p\u‚°fpC_° fie|S>kw-sı\[ L°$V$gpL$ cpf[ue d|m_p gp°L$p°A° i∑f A∑fiX$ L∑$f apDfiX°$i__u ı\p`_pL$fu. cpf[dp¨ N∞pÁe rhı[pfdp¨ hk[u drlgpAp° A_° h¨rQ[ bpmL$p°_p¨ rinZ A_°Apfp°¡e-k°hpdp¨ NyZp–dL$ `qfh[Æ_ gphhp_p Dÿ°i kp\° L$`X$p¨ DOfphu cpf[dp¨dp°L$ghp_p L$peÆ kp\° iycpf¨c \ep°. ApS>° 27 hjÆ `R>u cpf[cfdp¨ 869 ‚p°S>°ºV$ _° 153S>°V$gu k°hpcphu k¨ı\pAp° ‹pfp 7,041,000 X$p∑gf_u klpe L$fu_° A_°L$ eyhp_p° A_°bl°_p°_p¨ ∆h_dp¨ AS>hpmp¨ ApŒep¨ R>°. L$pÌduf\u L$fiepLy$dpfu A_° Apkpd\u NyS>fp[kyû rhı[f°gu k°hp_u Ap ƒep°[ S>g[u flu R>°. ApS>° 75 S>°V$gp kqæ$e L$peÆL$fp° A_°A_°L$ Afie klep°NuAp° Ap k°hpeodp¨ Aplyr[ Apù f¸p¨ R>°.

i∑f A∑fiX$ L∑$f apDfiX°$i_ ]$f hj£ Ap k°hpL$peÆ dpV°$ c¨X$p°m A°L$” L$fhp L$peÆæ$dp°_yÄpep°S>_ L$f° R>°. Ap hj£ (C. k. 2009) Aphp° L$peÆæ$d Ap∑ºV$p°bf_u 11 [pfuM° fie|S>kwdp¨fie|S>kw fap∑rdØN ApVπÆ$k k°fiV$f_p ‚yX°$sfiieg lp∑gdp¨ ep°≈ep° l[p°. 1700 gp°L$p°A° D`sı\[flu "kpf°Nd'_p¨ L$mpL$pfp°_p L¨$W°$ Nhpe°gp¨ rlfi]$u qaÎdp°_p¨ ‚rkŸ Nu[p° dpŒep¨ l[p¨. d¨]$u_p°cpf° dplp°g lp°hp R>[p¨ k¨ı\p_u ‚h©r—_u NyZh—p A_° kyN¨^\u ‚°fpC_° gp°L$p°A° D]$pflp\° ]$p_ Ap`hp_y Qpgy fpøey R>°. Ap L$peÆæ$ddp¨ `p¨Q gpM X$p∑gf_y¨ c¨X$p°m A°L$” L$fpey¨l[y. Ap [dpd fL$d_p° Dèp°N cpf[_p¨ NpdX$pÄp°dp¨ fl°[p¨ Nfub eyhp_p° A_° drlgpAp°_p¨

d|mc|[ Apfp°¡e, rinZ A_° [°d_u Ly$im[pAp°dp¨ h^pfp° L$fhp dpV°$ L$fhpdp¨ Aphi°.

Ap L$peÆæ$ddp¨ 59 hjÆ_u he° 18 k‡V°$Ábf° Ahkp_ `pd°gp k¨ı\p_p ı\p`L$-kÊe, `|hÆ-‚dyM A_° V≤$ıV$u fpS>i°Mf `fuM_y¨ dfZp°—f kfidp_ L$fhpdp¨ ApÏey¨ l[y¨.Ïehı\p`L$-d¨X$m° [°d_u A_°L$rh^ rkqŸAp° [\p k°hpcph_p_° rbf]$phu l[u A_° [°d_u

ıd©r[_° rQf¨∆h fpMhp A_°L$ k°hpL$pep£ L$fhp_u Op°jZp L$fu l[u. L$p∏N∞°kd∑_ ‰°fiL$ `°gp°_Sy>r_ef_p lı[° fuM qfhpf_° k°hpn°”_p ep°N]$p_ dpV°$ ey. A°k. L$p∏N∞°k_y kfidp_ A ÆZL$fpey¨ l[y¨.

Ap L$peÆæ$ddp¨ cpf[ kfL$pf_p fpƒeL$np_p Apfp°¡ed¨”u q]$_°i r”h°]$u D`sı\[f¸p l[p A_° k¨ı\p_u ‚h©r—_° rbf]$phu l[u.

L$p∏N∞°kd∑_ `°gp°_° Np°ÎX$ A_° ‡g°qV$_d ]$p[pAp°_° ‡g∑L$ A`ÆZ L$fu kfidpfiep l[p.Ap D`fp¨[ dybC-sı\[ f–_p Q∑qfV°$bg V≤$ıV$_p¨ ı\p`L$p° Óu dl°fi÷cpC dl°[p [\p Óud[uApipbl°_ dl°[p_° [°d_u rhriÙ$ k°hpL$ue ‚h©r—Ap° dpV°$ 'Award of Excellence

for Humanitarian Services' A`ÆZ L$fpep° l[p°.

i∑f A∑fiX$ L∑$f apDfiX°$i__p `]$pr^L$pfuAp°_p Apd¨”Z\u d_° [\p Djpbl°__° ApL$peÆæ$ddp¨ D`sı\[ fl°hp_y¨ k]π$cp¡e ‚p· \ey¨ l[y¨. rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p ıL|$g Ap∑_ ÏluÎk_p¨bpmL$p°A° ]$p°f°gp¨ rQ”p° L$peÆæ$d-ı\m° V$u.hu. ‹pfp hpf¨hpf ]$ipÆhhpdp¨ ApÏep¨ l[p¨. i∑fA∑fiX$ L∑$f apDfiX°$i__p A_°L$ rd”p° A_° Ap`Zu k¨ı\p_p iyc°√R>L$p°_° dmhp_y¨ \ey¨ l[y¨.

]|$f hk[p Ap b^p rd”p°_p° h[_‚°d A_° cph_p ≈°C _ftkl dl°[p_p"h•ÛZhS>_'_u `¨sº[ ep]$ Aphu NC - ""`f]y$:M° D`L$pf L$f° [p°e° d_ Arcdp_ _ ApZ°f°...''

Ap b^p rh_pNqfL$p°_° kgpd !

k°hpƒep°[_p c°M^pfu Óu fpS>i°Mf `fuM_u rh]$pek°hpƒep°[_p c°M^pfu Óu fpS>i°Mf `fuM_u rh]$pek°hpƒep°[_p c°M^pfu Óu fpS>i°Mf `fuM_u rh]$pek°hpƒep°[_p c°M^pfu Óu fpS>i°Mf `fuM_u rh]$pek°hpƒep°[_p c°M^pfu Óu fpS>i°Mf `fuM_u rh]$pe

i∑f A∑fiX$ L∑$f apDfiX°$i__p ı\p`L$ kÊep°dp¨_p A°L$, V≤$ıV$u A_° `|hÆ-‚dyM ÓufpS>i°Mf fuM_y 59 hjÆ_u he° 18 k‡V°$Ábf 2009_p fp°S> fie|S>kwdp¨ L∑$fikf_u budpfu\ud©–ey \ey¨.

NyS>fp[_p qX$kpdp¨ 1950dp¨ [°d_p° S>fid \ep°. dp[p g[pbl°_ [\p r`[pk°h¨[ucpC `fuM° dy¨bCdp¨ [°d_p° DR>°f L$ep£. ipg°e [\p L$p∑g°S>_y¨ rinZ dy¨bCdp¨ gC,r`[p_p lufp_p L$pfp°bpfdp¨ ≈°X$pep A_° `p°[p_p h[_ `pg_ yf_p¨ kpdprS>L$ k°hpL$ue


L$pep£dp¨ kqæ$e bfiep. 1975dp¨ [°d_p¨ `–_u i•gp kp\° Ad°qfL$p ApÏep A_° V|¨$L$ kdedp¨lufp D¤p°N_p AN∞Zu b_u Nep. BrfiX$e_ X$pedfiX$ L$gfıV$p°_ A°kp°rkA°i__p ‚dyMbfiep.

^¨^pL$ue Ïeı[[p h√Q° k°hpL$ue ‚h©r—dp¨ kqæ$e bfiep. 1982dp¨ i∑f A∑fiX$ L∑$fapDfiX°$i__p ı\p`L$-kÊe b_u A° ‚h©r—dp¨ Ap°[‚p°[ \ep. A° k¨ı\p_p a¨X$-f°CtTNL$peÆæ$dp°dp¨ kqæ$e fk gC _ur[_ dyL°$i, i°Mf k°_, S>ep b√Q_, ibp_p ApTdu, qL$fZb°]$u S>°hu rhøep[ Ïesº[Ap°_° L$peÆæ$ddp¨ gC Aphhp ep°N]$p_ Ap‡ey. Ad°qfL$_ BrfiX$e_apDfiX°$i_dp¨ kqæ$e fk gC NyS>fp[_p c|L¨$` hM[° Ad°qfL$p_p `|hÆ-‚dyM rbg sºgfiV$_kp\° cpf[_u dygpL$p[dp¨ kp\° flu c|L¨$`-klpe_p ‚e–_p°_° h°N Ap‡ep°.

k]$pe lkdyMp° Ql°fp°, _d∞[p A_° kp•S>fie`|hÆL$ klz kp\° Ïehlpf [°d_ugpnrZL$[p l[p¨.

1994\u Adpfp° `qfQe iÍ$ \ep°. Ad°qfL$pdp¨ Ad° ƒepf° fie|S>kw S>CA° –epf°O°f S>dhp bp°gph° S>. i•gpbl°__u dl°dp_Nr[ dpZhu A° `Z glphp° R>°.

R>°â° 2007dp¨ fpS>L$p°V$ Aph°gp –epf° Adpfp O°f Aph°gp A_° k¨ı\p_p "rkıV$fr_h°q]$[p Ó°õ$ rinL$ A∑hp∑XÆ$' L$peÆæ$ddp¨ Ar[r\rhi°j [fuL°$ D`sı\[ flu ‚°fZp]$peu‚hQ_ Ap °g. Adpfu ‚h©r—_p ‚i¨kL$ l[p.

[°d_p¨ dp[p g[pbl°_° [°d_p L$l°hp\u Adpfu r‚sfik`pg X$u. ù. ≈°iu `sÂgL$gpCb∞°fu_° yı[L$p° [\p k¨Nu[_u L∑$k°V$p° c°V$ dp°L$g°gu A_° p°[° gM°gp¨ yı[L$p° c°V$ Ap °gp¨.

k‡V°$Ábfdp¨ [°d_p° ∆h_]$u` byTpep°. dp[pr`[p g[pbl°_ [\p k°h¨[ucpC_pV°$rgap°_ `f [\p A° `R>u Í$bÍ$ q]$gpkp° Ap‡ep°. g[pbl°_ L$l°, "A° [p° dpfp° Nyfy l[p°.'

^|`kmu S>°hy¨ kyN¨^ a°gph[y¨ ∆h_ ∆hu [°Ap° d©–ey_° ∆[u Nep.

Aphp q]$g]$pf ıhS>__° Adpfu ˘]$e |hÆL$_u ÓŸp¨S>rg.

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X$p∑. lp°du S>lp¨Nuf cpcpX$p∑. lp°du S>lp¨Nuf cpcpX$p∑. lp°du S>lp¨Nuf cpcpX$p∑. lp°du S>lp¨Nuf cpcpX$p∑. lp°du S>lp¨Nuf cpcpq ‚lπgp]$ R>. `V°$g

ApS>\u kp° hjÆ `l°gp¨ 30 Ap∑ºV$p°bf 1909_p fp°S k¨ıL$pfu, rinZ-k¨`fl,S>_rl[•ju Aduf `qfhpfdp¨ lp°du cpcp_p° S>fid \ep° l[p°. k¨Nu[, L$rh[p, rQ”L$gp,rhop_, kprl–e A_° `∞bm fpÙ≤$ue cph_p Ap `qfhpf_p¨ ^∞yh kdp_ gnZp° l[p¨. cpcpA_° [p[p_p k¨b¨ p° A–e¨[ DÛdpkcf A_° D—d[p(Ó°õ$$[p)_u rkqŸ_° hf°gp l[p. kp¶]$eÆA_° A_yc|r[rhjeL$ L$gp [°d_p ∆h__u Apfp°lZ-kuX$u l[u. rinZ, rhop_ A_°kïp°^_n°”° cpcp A°L$ Aq‹[ue OV$_p R>°. [°_y¨ L$]$pr` `y_fph[Æ_ \hp_y¨ _\u. [°dZ° S>°Br[lpk f√ep° R>° [° A°L$ ]¨$[L$\p (A_yÓyr[) R>°. kdpS> A_° fpÙ≤$_u k°hp Ap `qfhpf_u`f¨`fp R>°. [°d_p ]$p]$p X$p∑. lp°fdk∆ cpcp (C.I.E.) d•k|f fpƒe_p øepr[‚p· Bfiı`°ºV$fS>_fg l[p.

cpcpA° L∑$\°X≤$g A_° ƒlp°_ L$p∑_p°_ ipmpAp°, A°rÎafiıV$_ L$p∑g°S> A_° BsfiıV$V$ÈyV$Ap∑a kpfiek(dy¨bC)dp¨\u rinZ gu^y¨ l[y¨. kƒS> `yı[L$pge A_° L$gp-rQ”p° [°d_°hpfkpdp¨ S> d˛ep¨ l[p¨. Aphp Afie ]$uOÆL$pgu_ k¨N∞lp° `Z Ap∑ºkaXÆ$ A_° g¨X$_dp¨\uc°Np L$epÆ l[p. dp” 17 hjÆ_u he° [°Ap° bu\p°h_ A_° dp°TpVÆ$_u L©$r[Ap°\u kydprl[Npfbfiep l[p.

1927dp¨ [°Ap° L∑$sÁb∞S> L$p∑g°S>dp¨ ]$pMg \ep. 1929-30 kyû [°Ap° Ap L$p∑g°S>_pıL$p∑gf [fuL°$ f¸p. [°d_p r`[p A_° L$pL$p kf ]$p°fpb∆ [p[p_p° A°hp° Bfp]$p° l[p° L°$ lp°duCS>_°fu_p° AÊepk `|ZÆ L$fu S>di°]$`yf Mp[° [p[p Ape_Æ A_° ıV$ug L¨$`_udp¨ ≈°X$pC≈e. CS>_°fu_p° AÊepk L$f[p¨-L$f[p¨ [°d_° NrZ[ipı”dp¨ fk X$Èp°. Ap\u [°dZ° r`[p`pk° NrZ[ipı” cZhp_u f≈ dpNu. r`[pA° S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ CS>_°fudp¨ `∞\d Aphi° [p°[°d_° NrZ[ipı” cZhp dpV°$ Apr\ÆL$ d]$]$ L$fhpdp¨ Aphi°. [°dZ° 1930dp¨ rdL∑$r_L$grhop__u V≤$pe`p°k ‚\d hNÆ kp\° `kpf L$fu. –epfbp]$ [°Ap° k•Ÿp¨r[L$ cp•r[Lrhop__pn°”° kïp°^_ dpV°$ ≈°X$pep. rhop_, V°$º_p∑gp°∆, rhop_-_ur[ A_° ipk_n°”° [°Ap° isº[^fph[p l[p. D`fp¨[ [° A–e¨[ k¨h°]$_iug l[p. Mpk L$fu_° rQ”L$gp, `°sfikg`∞r[L©$r[Ap°(`p∑V£≤$Vπ$k) A_° k¨Nu[dp¨ KX$p° fk ^fph[p l[p. `qfhpfdp¨\u [°d_° [dpdn°”° b^y¨ S> d˛ey¨ l[y¨. [°d_p `∞rÚd_p `∞]°$ip°dp¨ fp°L$pZ (bpf°L$ hjÆ) ]$frdep_ [°d_°dp°V$p-dp°V$p rhop_uAp° kp\° fl°hp-≈°X$php_p° Ahkf d˛ep° [°\u [°d_u lfp°mdp¨ Ecpfl°hp_u [L$ dmu.

If a drop of water falls in a lake, there is no identity.

But if it falls on a leaf of lotus, it shines like a pearl.

We need to choose the best place where we can shine.


bu≈ rheyŸ (1939-45) R>u cpf[ pR>p Aphhy¨ X$Èy¨. –epfbp]$ [° cpf[dp¨S> f¸p. eyŸ bp]$ ]$kL$pdp¨ eyŸƒhf æ$di: Ap°R>p° \[p¨, [°dZ° Ap¨[ffpÙ≤$ue rhop_-`qfsı\r[_p n°”° fk ]$pMÏep° A_° kqæ$e bfiep. Ap kp\° [°dZ° b∏¡gp°f_u BrfiX$e_BsfiıV$V$ÈyV$ Ap∑a kpefikdp¨ rinZ A_° L$p∑sıdL$ qL$fZp°_p n°”° kïp°^_ iÍ$ L$eyØ.

[°d_p kïp°^__y¨ `∞\d hjÆ L∑$h°rfiX$i ‚ep°Nipmpdp¨ `kpf \ey¨. Alv b° hjÆ_pL$peÆ ]$frdep_ 1931-32_p hjÆ dpV°$ [°d_° kp°gp°dfik riÛeh©r— dmu. 1932-33_phjÆ dpV°$ NrZ[ipı” dpV°$ fpDkbp∑g riÛeh©r— dmu. eyfp°`dp¨ _pdp¨qL$[ rhop_uAp°`pDgu, A°r_∞L$p° L©$dw A_° æ°$df kp\° L$peÆ L$fhp_u [L$ dmu. 1933dp¨ N°dp-rhqL$fZdpïp°jZdp¨ Bg°ºV≤$p°_-hjÆZ_u c|rdL$p_° gN[p° kïp°^_g°M ‚rkŸ L$ep£. Ap g°M A°V$gp°‚cphL$ l[p° L°$ S>°\u 1934dp¨ L∑$sÁb∞S>dp¨ ”Z hj$Æ AÊepk L$fhp dpV°$ [°d_° ApCT°L$fie|V$_ riÛeh©r— dmu. Ap kp\° L$p∑ _l°N_dp¨ bp°lπf kp\° L$pd L$fhp_u [L$ dmu. 1935dp¨L∑$sÁb∞S>dp¨\u ùA°Q. X$u._u D`pr^ d°mhu. Ap kp\° hqf$õ$ riÛeh©r— dm[p¨ L∑$sÁb∞S>dp¨1939 kyû kïp°^_L$peÆ L$eyØ. Ap kde ]$frdep_ [°dZ° kïp°^_ dpV°$_u gpeL$p[ A_°A_ych d°mÏep¨.

Ap kde° [°dZ° D√Q E≈Æ cp•r[L$rhop_ n°”°, 22 hjÆdp¨ 50 D√Q L$p°qV$_pkïp°^_g°Mp° ‚NV$ L$fu cpf° kam[p d°mhu. Ap kp\° ºhp∑fiV$d Bg°ºV≤$p°X$pC_°rdºk_prhL$pkdp¨ dl“h_u A•r[lprkL$ c|rdL$p cS>hu. L$p∑sıdL$ qL$fZp°_p° ‚pep°rNL$ AÊepkL$fu_°, Ap n°”_p øep[_pd kïp°^_rhop_u rlV$gV$_p klep°N\u 1937dp¨ L$p∑sıdL$qL$fZp°_p hjÆZ D`f _p¢^`p” kïp°^_g°M [•epf L$ep£. d∑kp°_L$Z_p DÕ$e_ ]$frdep_[°_p _p°° °gp ∆h_L$pm D`f ApBfiıV$pB__p rhriÙ$ kp °nhp]$ `f Ap^pqf[ kde-rhıafZ(Dilatation)\u Akf `pd° R>°, A°hy¨ ]$ipÆh_pf cpcp ‚\d l[p.

1940dp¨ b∏¡gp°f_u BrfiX$e_ BsfiıV$V$ÈyV$ Ap∑a kpefikdp¨ fuX$f [fuL°$ r_eyº[ \ep.1942dp¨ ‚p›ep`L$ bfiep. Alv [°d_y¨ kïp°^_L$peÆ NprZr[L$ ‚L©$r[_y¨ l[y¨. b∏¡gp°f_u Apk¨ı\pdp¨ `p¨Q hjÆ L$peÆ L$epÆ bp]$ rhop__p kïp°^_n°”° ip_u S>Í$f R>° [°_p° Mepg AphuNep° l[p°. cpf[_p¨ hpfkp A_° k¨ıL©$r[\u rbgLy$g hpa°L$ l[p. [°d_° ı`Ù$`Z° gp¡ey¨ L°$cpf[_u Apr\ÆL$ kd©qŸ A_° kpdprS>L$ `qfh[Æ_ dpV°$ rhop_ A_° V°$º_p∑gp°∆_p° `pep°Ar_hpeÆ R>°. Aphp rhipm ◊rÙ$L$p°Z A¨[NÆ[ [°dZ° kf ]$p°fpb∆ [p[p_° _uQ° `∞dpZ° `”gøep° : "h[Ædp_ kde° cpf[dp¨ cp•r[L$rhop__u d|mc|[ kdıepAp° - k•Ÿp¨r[L A_°‚pep°rNL$ - lg L$fhp dpV°$ L$p°C dp°V$u dp[bf k¨ı\p _\u. ]°$idp¨ knd kïp°^L$ k¨ı\pAp°R|>V$uR>hpeu R>°. ≈° [°d_° A°L$ S> ı\m°$ kyrh^pAp° kp\° dpNÆ]$iÆ_ Ap`hpdp¨ Aph° [p° OZy¨

kpfy¨ L$pd \C iL°$ [°d R>°. cp••r[L$rhop__u d|mc|[ kdıepAp°_p¨ DL°$g A_° kïp°^_ dpV°$Aphu k¨ı\pAp° cpf[_p¨ rl[dp¨ NZpi°. Aphu k¨ı\pAp° dp” cp•r[L$rhop_ dpV$° S>_lv, `Z D¤p°Np° dpV$° `Z Mpk klpeÍ$` b_i°. ≈° cpf[dp¨ `∞eyº[ kïp°^_-`∞h©r—‚–e° kqæ$e _lv fluA° [p° ]°$idp¨ A°L$ q_fpipS>_L$ rQ” Ecy¨ \i° A_° [° dpV°$ D√Q L$p°qV$_yÄ_° dyøe–h° iyŸ ‚L©$r[_y¨ kïp°^_ Ar_hpeÆ b_u fl° R>°. ≈° Ap bû bpb[° ›ep_Ap`hpdp¨ Aphi° [p° \p°X$pL$ S> ]$kL$pdp¨ fie|sºgef `phf S>° hpı[rhL$ b_hp_p° R>° [°_°dpV°$ [Sπ>op° dpV$° Ap`Z° `f]°$i D`f Ap^pf fpMhp° _lv `X°$. Aphp r_ÛZp[p° ApS>° A_°[° kde° Ap`Zu `pk° R>° S>. Ap l°[y_° kpL$pf L$fhp dpV°$ S> kpfu A\Æ`|ZÆ k¨ı\p_u S>Í$fR>°. k•Ÿp¨r[L$ cp•r[L$rhop_, fie|sºgef cp••r[L$rhop_ A_° L$p∑sıdL$ qL$fZp° - Ap rhjep°A°L$bu≈ kp\° k¨g¡_ lp°C, [°d_p¨ kïp°^_ A_° ‚rinZ_u Ïehı\p rl[phl R>°.'

Ap `” [°dZ° gøep° [°_p A°L$ S> hjÆ `l°gp¨ S>N[° `fdpœ E≈Æ_p `fQp_p°A_ych L$ep£ l[p°. Ap A_ych° [p[p BsfiıV$V$ÈyV$ Ap∑a afiX$pd°fiV$g fuQkÆ (TIFR) A_°`fdpœ E≈Æ rhcpN(AED)_u k¨ı\p_p¨ buS> fp°‡ep¨. 1945dp¨ TIFR_p° iycpf¨c \ep°A_° 1954dp¨ [°_p° rigpfp°`Zrhr^ \ep°. [°_y¨ ı\p_ Afbu kdy÷_u kdu` R>°. [°_p¨riÎ`, D¤p_-iZNpf, fQ_p, fpQfQugy, kyip°c_ A_° L$gp D`f cpcp_u dlp°f gpN°guR>°. Ap k¨ı\p_p khpØNu rhL$pk A_° kïp°^_ dpV°$ [°dZ° b^p° S> kde Ap‡ep°. Apk¨ı\pAp° ApS>° rh_u ∞\d L$p°qV$_u \p°X$uL$ k¨ı\pAp°dp¨_u A°L$ R>°. Ap¨[ffpÙ≤$ue kïp° __p¨^p°fZp° A_° L$np dpV°$ [•epf L$f°gp cpcp_p fp°X$d∑` D`f ApS>° L$peÆ Qpgu f¸y¨ R>°.

L$p∑sıdL$ qL$fZp°_p kïp° _ dpV°$ ey. A°k. A°._p ∞p°. b_pÆX$ uV$f, iyŸ NrZ[ipı”udpV°$ ‚p°. L°$. Q¨÷i°Mf_, c|cp•r[L$ A_° Mcp•r[L$ rhop_ dpV°$ `∞p°. ]°$h°fi÷ gpg A_° Apk¨ı\p_p r_epdL$ [fuL°$ ‚p°. A°d. ∆. L°$. d°__ S>°hp ^yf¨^fp°_° TIFR_u yfp kp¢ u. kdeS>[p¨ Ap b^p A_° Afie klzA° [°d_p ı\p__° kp\ÆL$ b_phu k¨ı\p_° kd\Æ b_phu.

("Ly$dpf', k‡V°$Ábf 2009dp¨\u kpcpf)qqq

Who indeed could afford to ingnore science today ? At

every turn we have to seek its aid... The future belongs

to science and those who make friends with science.

- Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru


_uhX°$gp¨ _°”u_° Np¨û `yfıL$pf_uhX°$gp¨ _°”u_° Np¨û `yfıL$pf_uhX°$gp¨ _°”u_° Np¨û `yfıL$pf_uhX°$gp¨ _°”u_° Np¨û `yfıL$pf_uhX°$gp¨ _°”u_° Np¨û `yfıL$pfq fnp d. Ïepk

dp°l_]$pk L$fdQ¨]$ Np¨û - cpf[ dpV°$ S>fpe° A≈Œey¨ _lu A°hy¨ _pd. `Z Ap_pd kp\° cpf[uep° S>°hu A_° S>°V$gu S> r_kb[ ^fph° R>° ]$rnZ Apq‰L$p. dp°l_]$pkNp¨¨û_° A°Z° dlp–dp Np¨¨û b_phu_° cpf[_° kp¢`°gp [°\u S> [p°. Np¨¨û∆_p k–e A_°Atlkp_p rk‹p¨[p° Alv S> L$kp°V$u_u kfpZ° QY$Èp l[p. V$p∑ÎıV$p∑e apdÆ_p ‚ep°Np° A_°L∑g_b°L$ S>°hp kp\uAp° kp\° Np¨¨û b∑qfıV$fu R>p°X$u k–e-Atlkp_p AZ_d `∞lfu bfiepl[p. [°d_p Ap ‚epkp°_u ıd©r[ A_° kfpl_pÍ$`° ]$rnZ Apq‰L$pdp¨ dlp–dp Np¨¨ûapDfiX°$i_ ‹pfp "dlp–dp Np¨¨û BfiV$f_∑i_g A∑hp∑XÆ$ ap∑f ùk A∑fiX$ S>rıV$k' ı\pr`[L$fhpdp¨ ApÏep° R>°. k–er_õ$, AtlkL$ _ur[fur[_p `yfıL$[pÆAp°_° [° `∞r[hjÆ A°_pe[L$fhpdp¨ Aph° R>°. 2009_p hjÆ_p° Ap `yfıL$pf Áep_dpf_p¨ _uhX°$gp¨ _°”u Ap∏N kp_ k|-L$u_° A°_pe[ L$fhp_u Op°jZp Nep k‡[pl° X$fb_ Mp[° apDfiX°$i__p¨ A›enp Bgp Np¨¨û‹pfp L$fhpdp¨ Aphu R>°.

Ap∏N kp_ k|-L$u_° L°$d cgp Ap A∑hp°XÆ$ dpV°$ `k¨]$ L$fpep¨ ? k¨n°`dp¨ [°_p° S>hpbA° R>° L°$ gp°L$iplu d|Îep°_u ı\p`_p_p° S>¨N Ap Ap∏N kp_ k|-L$u k–e A_° Atlkp_u‚r[õ$p L$fu_° ip¨[ Y$b° ∆h_cf M°g[p¨ S> f¸p¨ R>°.

[°d_p r`[p Ap∏N kp_ ‚Mf fpÙ≤$‚°du Ïesº[ l[p. Áep_dpf_u ıh[¨”[p dpV°$[°dZ° ∆h_ A`ÆZ L$eyØ l[y¨. [°d_u 19 S|>_, 1945_p fp°S> f¨N|_ Mp[° S>fid°gu Ap `y”u`¨]$f hjÆ_u qL$ip°fhe° cpf[ Aphu l[u. 1960-64 ]$frdep_ q]$Îlu Mp[°_u A°L$ Mp_Nuipmpdp¨ [°Z° AÊepk L$ep£ l[p°. dp°l_]$pk L$fdQ¨]$ Np¨¨û_y¨ _pd –ep¨ [°Z° kp•‚\d hpfS> kp¨c˛ey¨. ûd°ûd° [°_u kdS> rhL$k[p¨ [°Z° Np¨¨û_p L$pd_° kd∆_° [°d_p¨ k–e,Atlkp A_° ip¨r[_p¨ d|Îep°_° ∆h__p `fd dp`]¨$X$ [fuL°$ ıhuL$pepØ. bp•‹ k¨‚]$pe_pA_yepeu [fuL°$ `R>u\u Ap d|Îep°_° Ap–dkp[π L$fu_° ∆h__y¨ OX$[f L$eyØ.

H¡g∑fiX$ Mp[° AÊepk L$fu 1972dp¨ [° r[b°V$ k¨ıL©$r[_p AÊepku dpCL$g A°fukkp\° gîN∞¨r\\u ≈°X$pe R>°. H¡g∑fiX$, ≈`p_, c|[p_ A°d rhrh^ ]°$ip°dp¨ V|¨$L$p Npmp dpV°$ı\peu \hp kp\° 1973-85 ]$frdep_ [°Ap° b° `y”p°_u S>_°[p b_hp kp\° kyMu kfm∆h_ Ïe[u[ L$f° R>°. ]$frdep_ [°d_p r`[p Ap∏N kp__y¨ V|¨$Ly¨$ ∆h_Qqf” [°Ap° 1984dp¨‚L$pri[ L$f° R>° –epf° r`[p_u ‚r[cp_° [°_p d|mNpdu k¨]$cÆdp¨ `pdu iL°$ R>°. `qfZpd°[°Ap° Áep_dpf_u Apd‚≈_u ıh[¨”[p_u T¨M_p L$f[p¨ \pe R>°. afu 1986dp¨ [°Ap° r`[p

kp\° V|$¨L$p Npmp dpV°$ cpf[dp¨ sı\f \pe R>°. Ap h°mp_p A°L$ hjÆ_p V|$¨L$p hkhpV$_p Npmpdp¨[°Ap° b_° ]°$ip°_p k¨ı\p_hp]$u ipk_ l°W$m_p A_ychp°_u A°L$ `ysı[L$p `∞L$pri[ L$f° R>°.1987dp¨ H¡g∑fiX$ S>C bdpÆ_p kprl–e A¨N° X$p∑ºV$f rh¤p\w [fuL°$ g¨X$_ eyr_hrkÆV$udp¨_pd _p¢^ph° R>°. r`[p_p fpÛV≤$‚°d kp\° bdpÆ_p kprl–e A_° k¨ıL$pf_p° f¨N [°d_p d_:-kpd∞pƒedp¨ O|¨V$pC_° `pL$p° b_° R>°.

1988dp¨ dp[p_u dp¨]$Nu_° L$pfZ° DèyÆº[ L$pep£ A^|fp¨ R>p°X$u [°d_° f¨N|_ dp[p`pk° `pR>p¨ afhy¨ `X°$ R>°. Áep_dpfdp¨ [° A°L$ [fa dp¨]$u dp[p_u k¨cpm g° R>° [p° bu∆ [faS>_fg _°-hu__p gÌL$fu ipk_ l°W$m kfL$pfu k•r_L$p° A_° eyr_hrkÆV$u_p¨ rh¤p\w-S|>\p°h√Q°_p NS>N∞pl\u Ïer\[ \pe R>°. Ap Ïe\p-ùX$p\u `f°ip_ k|-L$u rh¤p\wAp° kdn‚hQ_ Apù kfL$pf_u Afiepeu _ur[Ap° kpd° T|L$hp_° b]$g° [°_p° A‚r[d `∞r[L$pfL$fhp rh¤p\wAp°_p° ggL$pf° R>°. L$p¨W$p `f Ecp flu_° _lv `Z [°_u A¨]$f TyL$phu_° [°Ap°rh¤p\wAp°_° k[[ kÖjÆ A_° ‚r[L$pf iuMh° R>°. ≈°L°$ Ap ‚r[L$pf ip¨[ A_° iı”rhlu_Y$b° Qpg° [°hu if[° [°Ap° [°dp¨ ≈°X$pe R>°. AtlkL$, krh_e L$p_|_c¨N, iı”rhlu_[pA_° k–e_p n° flu [°Ap° kÖjÆ_p¨ d¨X$pZ L$f° R>°. _hu q]$Îlu_p hNÆM¨X$dp¨ Quk hjÆ |h£cZ°gp `pW$p°_° [°Ap° [p≈ L$f° R>°, [°d_° Adgdp¨ d|L°$ R>°.

1969dp¨ ≈°lzL$du_u cpjp S> kdS>[p A_° [° dyS>b S> L$pd L$f[p S>_fg _°-hu_ S>°hp gÌL$fu ipkL$ k|-L$u_° _S>fL°$]$ L$f° R>°. `qfZpd° `qfsı\r[ \pm° `X$hp_y¨ _pdS> _lp°[u g°[u. L°$V$gpL$ ky^pfp-h^pfp_° A¨[° [°Z° k|-L$u_° [p° _S>fL°$]$dp¨ S> fpøep¨.l°hpr_e[cepÆ gÌL$fu ipk__p° AtlkL$ dpN£ gp°L$iplu Y$b° rhfp°^ L$fhp dpV°$ k|-L$u_°1991_y¨ ip¨r[ dpV°$_ÿ¨ _p∑b°g `pqf[p°rjL$ A°_pe[ L$fhpdp¨ ApÏey¨. Ap `pqf[p°rjL$ [°d_ph[u [°d_p _p_p `y”° ıhuL$peyØ. [° `R>u [°d_° _S>fL°$]$\u \p°X$p° kde dyº[ L$fpep¨, `ZÁep_dpfdp¨ gÌL$fu S>fiV$p(S|>\)_y ipk_ ı\`pey. h^pf° kø[pC\u L$pd g°[p° ipkL$ S>_fgkp° dpDN k—p `f ApÏep°. 1990dp¨ _∑i_g guN ap∑f X°dp°æ$ku _pd_p [°d_p fpS>L$ue`n_° Q|¨V$Zudp¨ blzd[u dmu `Z gÌL$fu S>fiV$pA° [° dpfie _ fpMu. ApS>° 63_u he `pfL$fu Q|L°$gp¨ k|-L$u_° [°Z° –epf\u _S>fL°$]$dp¨ fpøep¨. ‚r[hjÆ A°L$-A°L$ hjÆ g¨bphu_° [°d_°Ap°NZukdp¨\u [°f hjÆ _S>fL°$]$dp¨ Np¢û fpMhpdp¨ ApÏep¨ R>°. Áep_dpf_p rhfp°^`n_p_°[p [fuL°$ [°dZ° kfL$pf_p¨ N°fhpS>bu L©$–ep°_p° AtlkL$ Y$b° rhfp°^ L$fhp_y¨ L$pd Qpgy S>fpøey¨ R>°. Ap gp¨bu _S>fL°$]$ R>[p¨ [°d_p `f L$p°C `Z fpS>L$ue Ny_p_p° Apfp°` d|L$hpdpÄpÏep° _\u. Ap kp[–ecfu AtlkL$ gX$[ b]$g rhrh^ A_° dp¢Op-d|gp¨ `pqf[p°rjL$p°[°d_° _pd° S>dp R>°. d°-2009_p dlp–dp Np¨¨û BfiV$f_∑ig A∑hp°X$Æ ap∑f uk A∑fiX$ S>rıV$k


dpV°$ [°d_p f k¨]$Nu_p° L$mi Y$p°mu_° [°d_p _uhX°$gp Np¨¨ûhp]$u _°[©–h_° ip¨r[QplL$p°A°kd\Æ_ `|fy¨ `pX$u rbf]$pÏey¨ R>°.

[°Ap° kfp°hfqL$_pf° Aph°gp [°d_p Ofdp¨ S> R>°Îgp¨ R> hjÆ\u A°d_p ”Z klpeL$p°kp\° _S>fL°$]$ cp°Nh° R>°. Ap _S>fb¨û A°V$gu kM[ R>° L°$ L$p°C blpf_u Ïesº[ [p° iy¨ f¨[y–ep¨_p L$p°C _pNqfL$_° dpV°$ dmhy¨ `Z dyÌL°$g R>°. kfp°hf_p qL$_pf° Aph°gp A°d_p Of_uApk`pk gÌL$fu k•r_L$ k[[ `l°fp° cf° R>°. \p°X$p q]$hk `l°gp¨ ƒlp∑_ e°À$ph _pd_pd_p°rhop_rhjeL$ kpdreL$ Qgph[p `”L$pf° A°d_p Of_p `pR>m_p cpNdp¨\u A°d_°dmhp_p° ‚epk L$ep£. Áep_dpf_p gÌLf° _S>fb¨û_p L$pe]$p_y¨ DâÖ_ L$fhp dpV°$ ƒlp∑_e°À$ph, Ap∏N kp_ k|-L$u A_° A°°d_p ”Z klpeL$p° `f dyL$ÿdp° ]$pMg L$ep°Æ R>°. gp°M¨X$uL$pe]$p l°W$m_p Áep_dpfdp¨\u kdN∞ ‚≈A° k|-L$u_u dysº[_u dp¨N L$fu R>°. gÌL$fu ipkL$p°_pk|-L$u f afu L$pe]°$kf_u L$peÆhplu L$fhp_p ‚epkp°_° Ap¨[ffpÙ≤$ue kdy]$pe° ]$p°rj[ NZpÏepR>°. Ap k¨]$cÆdp¨ Ad°qfL$p_p `∞dyM bfpL$ Ap°bpdpA° k|-L$u_u "[p–L$prgL$' dysº[_u dp¨NL$fu R>°, S>°dp¨ ey_p°_p dlpd¨”u bp_-L$u-d|_, rb∞qV$i hX$p‚^p_ Np°XÆ$_ b∞pD_ A_° rh_pøep[_pd AN∞ZuAp°, qaÎdu A]$pL$pf ƒep∑S>Æ Ly$g_u, X∑$r_eg æ°$N, aV$bp∑g M°gpX$u X°$rhX$b°L$l°d S>°hp A_°L$p°_p° kdph°i \pe R>°. V|$L$dp¨ ]°$i-rh]°$i_u ∞≈, fpS>_°[pAp° A_° rh_pAN∞ZuAp° ‚Mf gp°L$ipluhp]$u A_° ip¨r[QplL$ _°”u Ap∑¨N kp_ k|-L$u_u dysº[_u `X$M°R>°. gp°L$lW$ rhfyŸ fpS>lW$_p Ap dpdg° _d[y¨ ≈°Mhpdp¨ S> ipkL$p°_y¨ ipZ`Z R>° [°kdS>hp_p° Ap S> kpQp° kde R>°.

("rhrhlpf', S|>_ 2009dp¨\u kpcpf)qqq

i°_°_X$p°Apl _∑i_g `pLÆ$ A∑fiX$ h°gui°_°_X$p°Apl _∑i_g `pLÆ$ A∑fiX$ h°gui°_°_X$p°Apl _∑i_g `pLÆ$ A∑fiX$ h°gui°_°_X$p°Apl _∑i_g `pLÆ$ A∑fiX$ h°gui°_°_X$p°Apl _∑i_g `pLÆ$ A∑fiX$ h°guq NygpbcpC ≈_u - Djpbl°_ ≈_u

Ad°qfL$pdp¨ ‚L©$r[_u Np°]$dp¨ fl°hp, ]$ffp°S>_u [Zphcfu tS>]$Nudp¨\u dysº[_p°pk g°hp A_° [fp°[p≈ \hp L°$fi÷ [\p fpƒe kfL$pf° _∑i_g pLÆ$ [\p ıV°$V$ pLÆ$_u A]π$cy[Ïehı\p Ecu L$fu R>°. L$p°C L$rhA° ep°¡e fu[° S> gøey¨ R>° -

What is this life, full of care,

We have no time to stand and stare.

A°hu r_fp¨[_u `mp° dpZhp ‚L©$r[_p kp¨r_›edp¨ r_S>_u Ap°mM d°mhhp_u [L$Aphp¨ ı\mp°A° dm° R>°.

Ap hj°Æ (C. k. 2009) Sy>gpC_u 22 [pfuM° Ad° Ad°qfL$p `lp¢√ep¨. \p°X$p q]$hkApfpd L$fu gu^p `R>u Ap_¨]°$ ]$fMpı[ d|L$u L°$ Ap Ap∑NıV$dp¨ rhcp fıV$_\u Aphu ≈eA°V$g° Ap`Z° RV L$fu afhp S>CA°. RV A°V$g° Recreational Vehicle. Ad° b^pÄ°Ap ]$fMpı[_° h^phu guû. [f[ gpCb∞°fudp¨ S>C RV A¨N°_y yı[L$ gC ApÏep¨. RV

A¨N°_u A°L$ fd|∆ qaÎd ≈°C. h°bkpCV$ `f rhi°j rhN[p° dpV°$ ip°^ iÍ$ L$fu.

lz¨ [\p Ap_¨]$ L$p°g¨rbepdp¨ RV X$ugf_° ap°_ L$fu dmhp Nep. Ad° –ep¨ `lp¢√ep.gNcN `Qpk°L$ rhrh^ ≈[_p¨ RV `pLÆ$ L$f°gp¨ l[p¨. [°_p k°Îkd∑_° [°_u _p_u L$pVÆ$dp¨b°kpX$Èp. rhipm rhı[pf l[p°. Qpgu_° [X$L$pdp¨ afhy dyÌL°$g l[y. A°L$ RV `pk° L$pVÆ$Ecu fpMu. [°Z° RV_p° ]$fhp≈° Mp°Îep°, A¨]$f ‚h°Ìep. b°khp dpV°$ kp°apk°V$, S>dhp dpV°$V°$bg-Myfiu, _p_y¨ fkp°Xy¨$, bp\Í$d-V$p°Cg°V$ A_° b° S>Z k|C iL°$ [°hp° b°X$Í$d. kfkNp°W$h°gy¨ l[y¨. _p_pdp°V$p A_°L$ L$bpV$p°, S>°dp¨ L$`X$p¨\u gC A_°L$ hı[yAp° d|L$u iL$pe.V$u.hu. [\p ÁeyrTL$ rkıV$d\u kƒS> Ap lf[yäf[y¨ Of S> R>°. kp°apk°V$ fp”° b°X$ \C iL°$[°hu kNhX$hpmp l[p. blpf `Z ıV$p°f°S>_u kNhX$hpmp¨ Mp_p¨, Cg°sºV≤$L$, `pZu [\pV$p°Cg°V$ dpV°$_p¨ L$_°ºi_, S>_f°V$f hN°f°_u Ïehı\p b[phu. A°fL$sfiX$i__u Ïehı\p, luV$f_uÏehı\p kd≈hu A_° A–epf° ‚h[Æ[u d¨]$u_° L$pfZ° 50,000 X$p∑gf X$uıL$pDfiV$ dmu iL$i°[°d S>ZpÏey¨. A° rkhpe bu≈¨ b° RV b[pÏep¨. ]$f°L$dp¨ Sy>]$uSy>]$u kNhX$p° l[u. blpf i°X$\C iL°$ A_° –ep¨ b°ku_° V$u.hu. ≈°C iL$pe [° dpV°$ blpf_p cpNdp¨ V$u.hu._u Ïehı\p`Z l[u. RV_p dyøe–h° ”Z ‚L$pf R>°. Ad° ≈°ey¨ [° bk S>°hy¨, S>°dp¨ A¨]$f S> X≤$pChf-kuV$ [\p bk_y¨ A°sfiS>_ lp°e. bu≈ ‚L$pfdp¨ [dpfu L$pf kp\° ≈°X$u iL$pe [°hy¨ lp°e [°_°

Time is very slow for those who wait,

Very fast for those who are scared,

Very long for those who lament,

Very short for those who celebrate,

But, for those who love, time is eternity.

- William Shakespeare


`p°` L$l° R>° A_° ”u≈ ‚L$pf_p¨ [°_p\u `Z _p_p¨ lp°e.

Ad° L$¸y¨, "Ad° Mfu]$hp _\u dpN[p, cpX°$ ≈°CA° R>°.' [°Z° L$¸y¨, "Ad° [p°h°QuA° S> R>uA°. bpSy>_u cpX°$ Ap`[u A°S>fiku d¨]$u_° L$pfZ° b¨^ \C Ne°g R>°, `f¨[yAphu Afie il°fdp¨ L$peÆ L$f[u A°S>fiku [\p Ïesº[_p ap°_ _¨bf Ap`y¨.' Alv L°$V$gpL$RVdp¨ ‚hpk L$fhp_p ip°Mu_p° RV Mfu]°$ A_° ƒepf° `p°[° afhp S>hp_p _ lp°e –epf°cpX°$ Ap`°. Ap_¨]°$ A°hu b° Ïesº[_° ap°_ L$fu dprl[u d°mhu. L°$V$gy¨ cpXy¨$, ºep¨\u r`L$A`L$fhp_y¨, iy¨-iy¨ kyrh^p R>° hN°f°_u dprl[u d°mhu. [°dp¨\u A°L$ Ïesº[ QpÎkÆV$_dp¨ fl°.[°Z° RV cpX°$ Ap`hp lp `pX$u, `Z [°_y¨ S>_f°V$f fu`°fdp¨ Ne°g R>° [° kdekf fu`°f \CAphu S>i° [p° Apì° A°d S>ZpÏey¨.

`l°gp¨ [p° Ad° „gp°qfX$pdp¨ Aph°g _∑i_g `pLÆ$dp¨ S>hp_y¨ _Ω$u L$eyØ. `f¨[y gp°N-L∑$rb_ cpX°$ dm[u _ l[u. –ep¨ kdpQpf ApÏep L°$ –ep¨ hphpTp°Xy¨$ Aph° A°hu iºe[p R>°,[°\u b^p_p d[° –ep¨ S>hp_y¨ kgpd[ _ lp°hp\u hrS>Ær_epdp¨ Aph°g i°__X$p°Apl _∑i_g`pLÆ$ S>hp_y _Ω$u L$eyØ. RVhpmp cpC_u C-d°Cg Aphu L°$ [° cpX°$ Apù iL°$ [°d _\u,[°\u L$pfdp¨ S>hp_y¨ _Ω$u L$eyØ. Ap_¨]°$ M|b dl°_[ L$fu L$Á‡eyV$f `f kQÆ L$fu gp°NL∑$rb_ b|L$L$fphu. N|Ng `f\u qX$f°ºi_ r‚fiV$ L$fu. L$p__ A_° rhcpA° _pı[p [•epf L$epÆ A_° 30Ap∑NıV°$ frhhpf_p fp°S> 12 hp¡e° L$p°g¨rbep\u _uL$˛ep¨. Ap_¨]°$ ∆.ù.A°k. rkıV$d kp\°guû l[u. [°_p k°gap°_dp¨ `Z [° kNhX$ l[u A°V$g° fı[p° ]$ipÆh[p ≈e. ºep¨ `lp¢√epÄ_° L°$V$gy¨ A¨[f bpL$u R>° [° b[ph°, [°\u lh° OZu kfm[p \C NC R>°. L$C S>¡epA° L°$V$gpkdedp¨ `lp¢Quiy¨ [° `Z b[ph°.

hrS>Ær_ep S>hp_p° fı[p° Ar[ ky¨]$f R>°. Qpf° [fa h©np°_u OV$pAp°, ]|$f]|$f ]°$Mp[u`lpX$uAp° `f_u gugu Qp]$f `p\fu lp°e [°hu ky¨]$f h©nfprS>, h√Q°h√Q° Aph[p¨ Opk_p¨d°]$p_p°, ºep¨L$-ºep¨L$ Aph[p¨ rhipm kfp°hfp°, _]$uAp° d__° ‚kfl L$fu ]°$. h√Q° f°ıV$A°qfepdp¨ Apfpd L$fu kp¨S>_p 7-00 hp¡e° Îeyf° Npd `lp¢√ep¨. `f¨[y Ad° b|L$ L$fph°gL∑$rb_ ºepë dm° _lv. ApMf° A°L$ dp°V°$gdp¨ S>C –ep¨_p fuk°‡i_ L$pDfiV$f `f_p¨ bl°__°`|Rey¨. [°Z° ap°_ L$fu [`pk L$fu L$¸y¨ L°$ [dpf° lSy> `lpX$ D`f S>hp_y¨ R>°. –ep¨ `lp¢Q[p¨]$p°Y$\u b° L$gpL$ \i° A_° L$C fu[° S>hpe [° b[pÏey¨. i°_°_X$p°Apl _∑i_g pLÆ$ M|b rhipmR>°. Adpfu L$pf `lpX$dp¨ D`f QX$hp gpNu. kp¨S> Y$mu NC l[u. Ap fı[p_° Skyline

Drive L$l° R>°. MuZp°dp¨ ]|$f]|$f_p¨ il°fp°dp¨ \e°gu f¨Nb°f¨Nu gpCV$ fı[p `f\u ]°$Mpe R>° [°◊Ìe A]π$cy[ gpN° R>°. fı[pdp¨ A_°L$ ı\m° MuZdp¨ [\p S>¨Ng_p¨ ◊Ìep° ≈°hp dpV°$ MpkÏehı\p L$fu R>° –ep¨ L$pf `pLÆ$ L$fu. ApSy>bpSy>_p kp¶]$eÆ_° dpZu iL$p° R>p°. 9-00 hp¡e°

`pLÆ$_u Ap∑qak° `lp¢√ep¨. –ep¨\u L∑$rb__u Qphu gC _uL$˛ep¨, `Z L∑$rb_ dm° S> _lv.`pR>p¨ Ap∑qak° ApÏep¨. –ep¨\u –ep¨_p L$dÆQpfu [°d_u hp_ gC L∑$rb_ b[phhp ApÏep.fp[ `X$u NC l[u [°\u L∑$rb_ _¨bf [\p _pd hp¨Qu iºep¨ _ l[p¨. L∑$rb__y¨ _pd l[y¨Whispering Pine _¨. 66. blpf\u gpL$X$p_u S|>_u T|¨`X$u S>°hy¨ gpN°. A¨]$f b°X$Í$d,qL$Q_, bp\Í$d, X≤$p∑INÍ$d, apef‡g°k, `pR>m N∑g°fu hN°f°_u kfk kNhX$ l[u. \pºep¨l[p¨ [°\u kp\° gu^°g cp°S>_ gC k|C Nep¨.

khpf_p hl°gp¨ EW$u lz¨ [\p rhcp L∑$fiV$u_dp¨ S>C _pı[p° gC ApÏep¨. L∑$fiV$u_ A°huS>¡epA° R>° L°$ –ep¨ b°ku_° `lpX$ [\p MuZ_y¨ kp¶]$eÆ dpZu iL$p°.

Ap _∑i_g `pLÆ$_° 3 Sy>gpC 1936dp¨ Ad°qfL$p_p ‚dyM ‰¢L$rg_ Í$Th°ÎV°$ gp°L$p° dpV°$Myâp° d|L$[p¨ S>° iÂ]$p° D√QpepÆ l[p [° ApS>° `Z kpQp gpN° R>°. Í$Th°ÎV$_p iÂ]$p°dp¨ -

"...with smell of the woods and the wind in the trees, they will

forget the rush and strain of all the other long weeks of the year and for

the short time at least, the days will be good for their hearts and for their

souls."

h__p¨ h©np°_u kyN¨^ A_° `lpX$p°_u iyŸ lhp pkdp¨ g°[p¨ A°L$ q]$Ïe Ap_¨]$_uA_yc|r[ \pe R>°. 1926dp¨ Ap `pLÆ$_u ı\p`_p_p° W$fph \ep°. A°L$fp°dp¨ a°gpe°gp Ap`pLÆ$_u iÍ$Ap[ 1934dp¨ hrS>Ær_ep fpƒe° Ap S>¡ep Mfu]$hp_u iÍ$ L$fu –epf\u \C. Ap`pLÆ$_° rhL$kphhpdp¨ dlpd¨]$udp¨\u A\Æ[¨”_° blpf gphhp ‚°rkX°$fiV$ Í$Th°ÎV°$ A_°L$ `Ngp¨gu^p¨ l[p¨. [°dp¨_y¨ A°L$ eyhp_p°_° L$pd Ap`hp Ecy¨ L$f°g rkrhrge_ L$p°fiTh£i_ L$p°‡kÆ_peyhp_p°A° [_[p°X$ dl°_[ L$fu L∑$rb_p° bp¨û, `lpX$p° L$p°[fu fı[p bp¨›ep, V$_gp° b_phu.kdN∞ frmepdZp° ıL$pe X≤$pCh A° eyhp_p°_u dl°_[_y¨ ‚[uL$ R>°.

Ap `pLÆ$dp¨ lfZ [\p fvR>_u hı[u R>°. ‚hpkuAp°_° Mpk k|Q_p Ap`hpdp¨ Aph°R>° L°$ Ap hfie‚pZuAp°_° Ap`Zp° Mp°fpL$ MhX$phip° _lv.

Ap `pLÆ$dp¨ h_c∞dZ dpV°$ A_°L$ L°$X$uAp° (trail) R>°. NpY$ S>¨Ngdp¨ cV$L$hy¨ lp°e,rhipm lqfmpmp¨ d°]$p_p°dp¨ (big meadows) b°ku ‚L©$r—kp¶]$eÆ dpZhy¨ lp°e, `lpX$p°_uKQu S>¡epA° b°ku k|ep£]$e [\p k|epÆı[ dpZhp lp°e, rhrh^ agp° A_° h_ı`r[_°Ap°mMhp¨ lp°e [p° [° dpV°$_u A_°L$rh^ kNhX$p° R>°. Op°X$pAp° f khpf \C lpX$p° M|¨]$hp_uÏehı\p R>°. h_ Ar^L$pfuAp° ‹pfp bpmL$p° [\p dp°V$pÄp° dpV°$ A_°L$ L$peÆæ$dp° ep°≈e R>°.

Ap `lpX$_p `’\fp° L$fp°X$p° hjÆ S|>_p R>°. [°d_y¨ fnZ L$fhp Mpk ‚e–_p° \pe R>°.


gy· \[p¨ S>[p¨ ‚pZuAp° [\p `nuAp°_p fnZ dpV°$ Ap `pLÆ$_p f°fiS>kÆ ‚e–_iug R>°.

Ap pLÆ$dp¨ fl°hp_u L∑$rb_p°, cp°S>__u Ïehı\p, pLÆ$_u kpakapC hN°f°_u Ïehı\pARAMARM _pd_u L¨$`_u_° kp¢`hpdp¨ Aphu R>°. 286 Í$Ák D`fp¨[ fsıV$L$ L∑$rb_p°-V°$fiV$ hN°f_u ≈mhZu Ap L¨$`_u L$f° R>°.

L°$V$gpë ‚L©$r[‚°duAp°A° Ap pLÆ$_° Apr\ÆL$ fu[° klpec|[ \hp i°_°_X$p°Apl _∑i_g`pLÆ$ V≤$ıV$_u fQ_p L$fu R>°. èpÆhfZ_p k¨fnZ dpV°$ rhriÙ$ ‚e–_p° \pe R>°. Ap `pLÆ$dpÄph_pf ]$f°L$_° Reduce, Reuse, Recycle - Three R_y¨ k|” pmhp rh_¨[u L$fpe R>°.

1,97,000 A°L$fdp¨ a°gpe°gp A_° 500 dpCg_u h_c∞dZ-L°$X$uAp°hpmp Ap pLÆ$_udygpL$p[° ]$f hj£ 15 gpM gp°L$p° Aph° R>°. Ad° khpfdp¨ L∑$rb_ blpf läpmp [X$L$pdp¨MyfiuAp° _pMu b°W$p¨. `lpX$_u W¨$X$u gpN[u l[u. \p°Xy¨$ Apk`pk afu _uQ° S>hp _uL$˛ep¨.L∑$rb__u Apk`pk fp”° [\p khpf° lfZpÄp° Ap¨V$p dpfu Nep¨ l[p¨. ıL$pe X≤$pCh `f W°$fW°$fMuZ_y¨ kp¶]$eÆ ≈°hp L$pf`pqLØ$N_u Ïehı\p L$f°g R>°. ]$f°L$ S>¡epA°\u Sy>]y¨$Sy>]y¨$ ≈°hp dm°. A°`p∑CfiV$ `f iy¨ ≈°C iL$pe [°_y¨ hZÆ_ L$f[p¨ bp∑XÆ$ d|L°$gp¨ lp°e. Ad° A°hp¨ R>kp[ `p∑CfiV$ `ffp°L$pC ‚L©$r[_p¨ A]π$cy[ ◊Ìep° dpŒep¨. Aphp¨ 75 `p∑CfiV$ R>°. `lpX$ `f\u _uQ° E[f[p¨b`p°f_p b° hpNu Nep.

Îeyf°_u rh‚rkŸ NyapAp° (World-famous Luray Caverns) :

Ad° lh° i°__X$p°Apl h°gu_u rh‚rkŸ NyapAp° ≈°hp Îeyf° lp¢√ep¨. rhcfdp¨\u‚hpkuAp° Ap A]π$cy[ NyapAp° ≈°hp Aph° R>°. Ly$]$f[_u L$fpd[_y¨ D—d D]$plfZ R>°.`©’hu `f \e°gu A_°L$ E\g`p\gp°dp¨ "S>m –ep¨ ı\m A_° ı\m –ep¨ S>m' A° Dsº[A_ykpf Ap ı\m° kdy÷ l[p°. A° R>u Alv ApS>° S>° A° g°_uA_ hÆ[p° (Appalaenian

Mountains) R>° [° Ası[–hdp¨ ApÏep. [°_u _uQ° Q|_p_p `’\fp°_p¨ `X$ l[p¨. A° b^pOkpC_° A°hp A]π$cy[ ApL$pfp°dp¨ qfhr[Æ[ \ep R>° S>°dp¨\u fQpC R>° Ap NyapAp°_u A]π$cy[k©rÙ$. NyapAp°dp¨ S>hp dpV°$ OZp¨ Nr\ep¨ E[fu S>hy¨ X°$ R>°, f¨[y h©ŸS>_p° A_° rhL$gp¨Np°dpV°$ Sy>]$p ‚L$pf_u rg„V$_u Ïehı\p R>°. Ap_¨]$-L$p__ qV$qL$V$ g°hp Nep¨ –epf° Mbf `X$u L°$rg„V$ b¨^ R>°. AW$hpqX$ep kyû Qpgy \C iL°$ [°d _\u. Ad° L$¸y¨ L°$ "[d° b^p¨ S>C Aphp°.Ad° Alv b°kuiy¨.' b°khp dpV°$ kfk kNhX$ l[u. pk° S> A°L$ kfk ıV$p°f l[p°. hpl_p°_y¨ÁeyrTed l[y¨. Ad° –ep¨ afu `pR>p¨ ‚h°i‹pf `pk° Aph°gu b°fiQ `f b°ku, Apk`pkMug°gp f¨Nb°f¨Nu agp°_p ºepfp, Qpf°[fa a°gpe°gu `hÆ[dpmp, A_°L$ ]°$ip°dp¨\u Aph[pgp°L$p°_° ≈°[p¨ l[p¨. ]$p°Y°$L$ L$gpL$ `R>u b^p¨ `pR>p¨ aepØ A_° NyapAp°_u A]π$cy[ fQ_p_p¨ M|b

hMpZ L$fhp gp¡ep¨. Ad° L$¸y¨, "ApV$g° kyû ApÏep¨ R>uA° A_° Aphy¨ rh‚rkŸ ı\m _≈°CA° [° _ Qpg°. Ad° tld[ L$fu `Nr\ep¨ E[fuiy¨ A_° QX$uiy¨.' Djpbl°__u [rbe[≈°[p¨ \p°X$p° rlQqL$QpV$ b^p¨_° \[p° l[p°, Z [° dΩ$d f¸p¨. rhcp-Ap_¨]$ L$l°, "Ad° kp\°AphuA°. _uQ° ÏlugQ°f_u Ïehı\p R>°.' L$p__ A_° Ap_Æh blpf f¸p¨. Adpfu qV$qL$V$guû A_° rhcp-Ap_¨]°$ L$pDfiV$f `f `|Rey¨ L°$ "\p°X$u hpf `l°gp¨ S> Ad° qV$qL$V$ gC ≈°CApÏep¨ R>uA°. Adpfp¨ dp[pr`[p_° A° ≈°hp_u B√R>p R>°. [°d_° Adpfu d]$]$_u S>Í$f R>°.afu [°d_u kp\° S>hp dpV°$ qV$qL$V$ S>Í$f lp°e [p° gCA°.' –ep¨_p fuk°‡i_ `f b°W°$gp cpCA°L$¸y¨, "[dpf° qV$qL$V$ g°hp_u S>Í$f _\u. dp[pr`[p kp\° S>C iL$p° R>p°.'

f°tgN `L$X$u ûf°\u `Nr\ep¨ E[fu _uQ° `lp¢√ep¨. –ep¨\u Djpbl°_ dpV°$ ÏlugQ°fguû. Ly$]$f[° L$p°[f°gp `’\f_u L$fpd[ ≈°hp_y¨ iÍ$ L$eyØ. A¨]$f A°L$p]$ dpCg S>°V$gy¨ Qpghp_y¨R>°. bfl° [fa ≈°[p¨ ApÚeÆQqL$[ \C S>hp[y¨ l[y¨. h√Q°h√Q° r_dÆm pZu_u _p_u [gphX$uAph[u l[u. [°dp¨ D`f Tm|¨bu fl°gp, riÎùA° L$p°[f°gp lp°e [°hp L$mp–dL$ ApL$pfp°_y¨‚r[tbb A]π$cy[ gpN[y¨ l[y¨. gNcN ”Z°L$ dpm S>°V$gu S>¡epdp¨ kfk `pL$u `N]¨$X$uAp°,f°tgN, gpCV$ [\p lhp_u kfk Ïehı\p. L$dÆQpfuAp° Sy>]$uSy>]$u S>¡epA° dpNÆ]$iÆ_ Ap`hpEcp lp°e. N∞pfiX$ L°$fie_ ≈°C_° Ly$]$f[_u L$fpd[_p° A_ych \ep° l[p°. Ap `hÆ[_u _uQ°dpCg S>°V$gu gp¨bu NyapAp°dp¨ af[p¨ Ly$]$f[_y¨ kS>Æ_ ≈°C ‚cprh[ \C S>hpey¨. A°L$p]$L$gpL$\u h^y kde afu r_fp¨[° Ly$]$f[° L$f°gp¨ riÎ`p° A_° L$p°[fZu ≈°C \ey¨ L°$ Ap _ ≈°ey¨ lp°[[p° L°$V$gy¨ b^y¨ NydpÏey¨ lp°[ ! S>° ≈°ey¨ R>° [°_y¨ hZÆ_ L$fhy¨ iºe _\u. ap°V$pAp° gu^p R>°, –ep¨\u`yı[L$p° gu^p¨ R>°, `Z [° ≈°C_° `Z d|m L©$r[_p° øepg Aph° [°d _\u.

Ap Nyap_u ip°^ `Z AL$ıdp[π \C l[u. Îeyf°dp¨ fl°[p A°fiX≥$ L∑$Á`b°g [°d_p ”Zkp\uAp° A_° 13 hjÆ_p c”u≈ ºhufiV$ kp\° Ap hÆ[dpmpdp¨ af[p l[p –epf° A°L$ S>¡epA°L$pZpdp¨\u Aph[p `h_ `pk°\u `kpf \[p¨ lp\dp¨_u duZb—u kmNhp dp¨X$u. Ap\uApÚeÆ `pdu –ep¨ ip°^Mp°m L$f[p¨ Nyap dmu Aphu. \p°X$p kde `R>u A°fiX≥$ L∑$Á`b°g° [°_pbu≈ rd” ap°V$p°N∞paf_° b°fiV$_ ıV°$bu__° gC Qpf L$gpL$ Mp°]$L$pd L$fu duZb—u gC ]$p°fX$p_ud]$]$\u _uQ° E[epÆ A_° Nyap_u A¨]$f A]π$cy[ fQ_p ≈°C R>L$ \C Nep. A° hM[° [°d_°cp¡e° S> øepg l[p° L°$ rh_u A°L$ A]π$cy[ fQ_p_u A≈Z[p¨ ip°^ L$fu l[u, ƒep¨crhÛedp¨ rhcf_p¨ ‚hpkuAp° EdV$hp_p¨ l[p¨.

A° R>u "fie|ep∑LÆ$ V$pCÁk'_p ”L$pf A°g°L$TpfiX$f b∞pfiX$ Sy>r_ef° Ap Nyap_u dygpL$p[gC gøey, "It is a magnificent Cave." ‚p°a°kf S>°fp°du L$p°gufik - S>° ‚øep[ kplkhufl[p [°dZ° `p°[p_u D—f^∞yh_u ip°^-kaf dyÎ[hu fpMu Ap Nyap_u dygpL$p[ guû.


sıd\kp°r_A_ BfiıV$uV$Èyi_° [°_p _h h•opr_L$p°_p ‚r[r_r^d¨X$m_° Ap Nyap_u dygpL$p[°dp°L$gu kïp° _ L$fpÏey. "A°fikpBºgp° uX$uep rb∞V$pr_L$p'A° ]$p°Y$ p_y cfu Ap Nyap_u rhı[©[_p¢ guû.

sıd\kp°r_A_ BfiıV$uV$Èyi__p 13 [\p 14 Sy>gpC 1880_p fu`p∑VÆ$dp¨ Ap Nyaprhi° _p¢^ gMu -

"It is safe to say that there is probably no other cave in the world

more completely and profusely decorated with statactite and stalagmite

ornamentation than that of Luray."

rhøep[ g°ML$ A_° A°ºk‡gp°fkÆ ºgb_p ‚dyM fk°g Ny_wA° [°d_p `yı[L$'Discovery of Luray Carvens, Virginia'dp¨ gøey¨ R>° L°$ -

"Luray Carvens remains a tribute to the courage and vision of

explorers who will perserve to seek out secrets of our world. In an im-

perfect human world it is reassuring that the discovery of these men of

vision has been preserved for the enjoyment of this and succeeding gen-

erations."

Ap NyapAp°dp¨ af[p¨-af[p¨ A°hu S>¡epA° `lp¢√ep¨ ƒep¨ R> aV$ KX$u [gphX$u R>°.‚hpkuAp° Alv rkΩ$pAp° _pM° R>°. Wishing Well [fuL°$ Ap°mMp[u Ap S>¡epdp¨ A–epfkyûdp¨ 4 gpM X$p∑gf d˛ep R>°, S>°_p° Dèp°N rhrh^ k°hpL$ue k¨ı\pAp°_° d]$]$ Ap`hpdp¨\pe R>°.

lh° d|mı\p_° Aphu ÏlugQ°f `pR>u Apù D`f S>hp `Nr\ep¨ QX$hp_p¨ l[p¨.L$p°Z ≈Z° L°$d, Ap A]π$cy[ ı\m ≈°ep `R>u Ap_¨]$-Ap_¨]$ \[p° l[p°, [°\u `Nr\ep¨QX$[p¨ S>fp `Z \pL$ _ gp¡ep°. d¢ lk[p¨-lk[p¨ L$¸y¨ L°$, "Ap [p° ˘]$e_p° V≤°$X$rdg V°$ıV$ \CNep°.' D`f Aphu ıV$p°fdp¨\u b|L$g°V$ [\p X$uhuX$u Mfu¤p¨. Ap_Æh dpV°$ iVÆ$ A_° dp°V$fMfu¤p¨. \p°X$u hpf b°ku_° Apfpd L$fu_° _uL$˛ep¨. gy_pf_p ùTplV$dp¨ S>C S>Áep¨.

qqq

Ap`Zp° k|eÆAp`Zp° k|eÆAp`Zp° k|eÆAp`Zp° k|eÆAp`Zp° k|eÆq _p•[dcpC hMpqfep

cp•r[L$rhop_ kp\° k¨L$mpe°g [Sπ>op°_p L$\_ ∞dpZ° ]$p\Æ_p° _p_pdp¨ _p_p° A°L$d`fdpZy R>°. ]$p\Æ_° Ap`Z° [p°X$[p¨ _° [p°X$[p¨ S>CA° [p° lp\dp¨ R>°Îg° fdpœ bQ° R>°. Apfu[° ]$p\Æ_u ApMfu A°L$pC fdpœ R>°. lh° ≈° Ap`Z° kdı[ Ası[–h_p rhfpV$ ıhÍ$`_°›ep_dp¨ fpMuA° [p° [°_y¨ kp•\u _p_y¨ Í$` A° Ap`Zp° k|eÆ R>°. ApMp Ası[–h_p° `fdpZyip°^hp Ap`Z° _uL$muA° [p° k|eÆ `∞p\rdL$ A°L$pC [fuL°$ Ap`Zp lp\dp¨ bQi°.

fp”° Ap`Z_° ApL$pi [pfp\u cfpe°gy¨ _S>f° Aph° R>°. OZp¨b^p¨_° L$]$pQ A°hp°øepg _lv lp°e L°$ Ap b^p ]°$Mp[p [pfp A° L$p°C [pfp _\u `Z b^p k|eÆ R>° ! hmu, Apb^p k|ep£ Ap`Zp k|eÆ\u ºepë A_°L$NZp dp°V$p R>°. Ap`Zp° k|eÆ [p° A°L$ kpdpfie(Mediocre) k|eÆ R>°. lp, Ap`Zu ◊rÙ$_° _S>fdp¨ fpMuA° [p° k|eÆ M|b dp°V$p° R>°, `©’hu\ul≈fp°-NZp° dp°V$p° R>°. `Z ApL$pidp¨ [p° A°hp dlp-k|ep£ R>° L°$ S>°_p dyL$pbg° Ap`Zp°k|eÆ [p° kph [y√R> R>°. Ap b^p [pfp S>° fp”° ]°$Mpe R>° [° b^p k|eÆ R>°. ≈°L°$ Ap b^p k|eÆA°V$g° L°$ [pfp M|b _p_p-_p_p ]°$Mpe R>°. _p_p A°V$gp dpV°$ ]°$Mpe R>° L$° Ap`Zu h√Q° A_°A° [pfp h√Q° M|b gp¨by A¨[f R>°. Ap A¨[f bpb[ Ap`Z° \p°Xy$L$ kd∆ gCA° [p° Ap`Zpk|eÆ_° ‚p\rdL$ A°L$d dp_hp_y¨ L$pfZ kd≈C S>i°.

Ap`Zu ©’hu D`f\u Ap`Z° k|eÆ [fa S>hp _uL$muA° A_° Ap`Zu ‚hpk_uNr[ k|eÆ_p qL$fZ S>°V$gu fpMuA° [p° k|eÆ kyû `lp¢Qhpdp¨ Ap`Z_° gNcN ApW$\u _hrdr_V$ S>°V$gp° kde gpNi° - lp, `Z ≈° qL$fZ_u fa[pf\u QpguA° [p° S>. A–epf° [p°Ap`Zu `pk° S>° rhdp_p° R>° [°d_u h^ydp¨ h^y Nr[\u Ap`Z° k|eÆ [fa ‚epZ L$fuA° [p°Ap`Z° ApMu tS>]$Nu EX$[p¨ fluA° [p°`Z k|eÆ kyû `lp¢Qu iL$uiy¨ _lv. qL$fZ_u Nr[A°L$ k°L$fiX$dp¨ ”Z gpM qL$.du._u lp°e R>° ! Ap_° ApW$NZp L$fuA° [p° A°L$ rdr_V$dp¨ A_°[°_p `Z kpW$NZp L$fuA° [p° A°L$ L$gpL$dp¨ S>° Ap¨L$X$p° Aph° [°V$gy¨ A¨[f Ap`Z° L$pùiL$uA°.

qL$fZ_u Nr[ øepgdp¨ fpMuA° [p° `©’hu\u k|eÆ_y¨ A¨[f dp” ApW$-_h rdr_V$_y¨R>° A_° [° fu[° ≈°[p¨ k|eÆ `©’hu\u M|b _∆L$ R>°. `Z ≈° Ap`Z° ApL$pidp¨ ]°$Mp[p [pfp[fa S>hp_y¨ `∞epk L$fuA° [p° iy¨ \pe ? `©’hu\u S>° _∆L$dp¨ _∆L$ [pfp° R>° [° [fa qL$fZ_uNr[\u ‚hpk L$fuA° [p°`Z [° [pfp kyû `lp¢Q[p¨ Ap`Z_° Qpf hjÆ gpNi° ! k|eÆ_p

kpdpfie rinL$ iuMh° R>°, kpfp° rinL$ ı`Ù$[p L$f° R>°, Ó°õ$ rinL$‚ep°N L$f° R>°, dlp_ rinL$ ‚°fZp Ap`° R>°.

- X$ÂÎey. A°. bpXÆ$


qL$fZ_u Nr[\u Qpg[p¨, Ap`Zp k|eÆ `R>u_p° S>° _∆L$_p° k|eÆ R>° –ep¨ `lp¢Q[p¨ Ap`Z_°Qpf hjÆ S>°V$gp° gp¨bp° kde gpNi°.

h•opr_L$ [p° dp_° R>° L°$ Ap`Z°° L$]$u k|eÆ_p qL$fZ_u Nr[ d°mhu iL$uiy¨ _lv, L$pfZL°$ L$p°C `Z QuS> [° Nr[\u Qpg° [p° [° QuS>_° [° Nr[ dm[p¨h¢[ [° k|eÆ_y¨ qL$fZ b_u S>i°.[pfp [fa_p Ap`Zp ‚hpk dpV°$ L$p°C `Z hpl_, L$p°C `Z kp^_ L°$ L$p°C `Z ^p[y_p°Ap`Z° Dèp°N L$fuiy¨ [p° k|eÆ_p qL$fZ_u Nr[A° lp¢Q[p¨ [° hpl_ k|eÆ_y¨ qL$fZ b_u S>i°A_° [°_u A¨]$f_p ‚hpkuAp° `Z k|eÆ_y¨ qL$fZ b_u S>i°. Aphu A–e¨[ TX$ù Nr[A°`lp¢Q[p¨ A°V$gu bû Nfdu `°]$p \i° L°$ cp•r[L$ `]$p\p£ [p° b^p Ar¡_dp¨ lp°dpC S>i°.Apd, k|eÆ_p qL$fZ_u Nr[A° crhÛedp¨ Ap`Z° ‚hpk L$fu iL$uiy [°hu L$p°C Apip A–epf°_\u. A–epf kyû_u Ap`Zu S>° h•opr_L$ Ïehı\p R>°, [° ≈°[p¨ Aphu L$p°C k¨cph_p]°$Mp[u _\u. A°L$ S> k¨cph_p R>° S>° A–epf° [p° rbgLy$g L$pÎ`r_L$ gpNi°. Ap k¨cph_pA° R>° L°$ L$p°C Z Ïesº[, L$p°C Z A°L$ rhriÙ$ DÛZ[pdp_° k|eÆ_y¨ qL$fZ b_u ≈e A_° [°‚hpk L$f° [p° bu≈ k|eÆ kyû `lp¢Qu iL$i°. [° S>¡epA° `lp¢√ep `R>u dpZk [° QuS>_y¨DÛZ[pdp_ OV$pX$u _pM° [p° `pRy>¨ A° qL$fZ dpZk b_u ≈e. ≈°L°$ ApS>_u Ap L$pÎ`r_L$k¨cph_p iºe b_[p¨ L$]$pQ l≈fp°-gpMp° hjp£ hu[u ≈e.

_∆L$dp¨ _∆L$_p k|eÆ kyû `lp¢Q[p¨ Ap`Z_° Qpf hjÆ gpN° R>°, `Z Ap [p°r_L$V$[d k|eÆ_u hp[ \C. Ap_p\u ]|$f `Z k|ep£ R>° ! ApÚeÆ \i° L°$ A–epf kyûdp¨h•opr_L$p°_° gNcN 2 AbS> S>°V$gp k|ep°Æ_p° `—p° gp¡ep° R>° ! A_° Ap_° `Z A¨[ _\u !Ap [p° Ap`Zu ip°^ L$fhp_u depÆ]$p R>°. Ap L$p¨C Ası[–h_u kudp _\u. Ap b^p S>°Ab≈° k|ep£ R>° [° `•L$u [°dp¨\u L°$V$gpL$ k|ep£ [p° A°hp R>° L°$ Ap`Z° A°L$ k°L$fiX$dp¨ ”Z gpMqL$.du._u TX$`\u Qpg[p¨ fluA° [p°`Z [°_p¨ qL$fZp° `©’hu kyû `lp¢Q[p¨ Ab≈° hjÆgpNu S>i° ! L°$V$gpL$ k|ep£ [p° A°hp R>° L°$ ƒepf° Ap`Zu ©’hu Ası[–hdp¨ Aphu [° kde\u_uL$m°gp¨ [°_p¨ qL$fZp° A–epf° Ap`Zu `©’hu kyû dp¨X$ `lp¢√ep¨ R>°. Ap`Zu `©’hu QpfAbS> hjp£ `l°gp¨ Ası[–hdp¨ Aphu l[u. Ap Qpf AbS> hjp£ `l°gp¨ Qpg°gy¨ qL$fZ lSy>lh° `©’hu kyû `lp¢√ey¨ R>°.

h•opr_L$p° [p° L$l° R>° L°$ Ap`Zu `©’hu D`f Ap`Z° Ab≈° hjÆ f¸p `R>u `©’huM[d \C NC li° –epf° Aphp k|eÆdp¨\u _uL$m°gy¨ qL$fZ Ap`Zu ©’hu_p M[d \ep R>u`©’hu_u bpSy>\u `kpf \i°. Ap qL$fZ_° A°hp° øepg `Z _lv Aph° L°$ L$p°C hpf Alv A°L$`©’hu Ası[–hdp¨ l[u, [°_p D`f L$fp°X$p° dp_huAp°A° hkhpV$ L$ep£ l[p°, Ab≈° hjp£kyû gX$pCAp° gX$pC l[u, gp°c A_° ce Ïep· \ep l[p, `©’hu_p° rhL$pk \ep° l[p° A_°

rh_pi `Z \ep° l[p°. Ap qL$fZ_° Aphu L$p°C Mbf `X$i° _lv. Ap qL$fZ ƒepf° _uL$˛ey¨l[y¨ –epf° `©’hu_y¨ Ası[–h _ l[y¨ A_° ƒepf° [° qL$fZ Alv\u `kpf \i° –epf° `Z `©’huM[d \C NC li°. A° qL$fZ dpV°$ [p° Ap ı\p_ D`f ≈Z° L°$ L$p°C OV$_p S> OV$u _\u.Ap`Zp° gp¨bpdp¨ gp¨bp° Br[lpk `Z A°L$ qL$fZ_u ep”p `|fu \pe [° `l°gp¨ `[u Nep°li°. f¨[y Ap Z L$p¨C R>°âpdp¨ R>°âp° k|eÆ _\u. h•opr_L$p° [p° L$l° R>° L°$ AhL$pi_p° L$p°C A¨[_\u. Apd, Ap`Zp° k|eÆ rhfpV$ Ası[–h_p° A°L$ A°ºd R>°. Ap rhfpV$ rhı[pf_° ≈° Ap`Z°≈°Mhp° lp°e [p° [°_° k|eÆ\u ≈°Mu iL$uA°. ]$f°L$ k|eÆ_p° `p°[`p°[p_p° kp•f-`qfhpf R>°. ]$f°L$k|eÆ_° `©’hu, Q¨÷, d¨Nm, b©lı`r[ Ap b^p° k|eÆ_p° `qfhpf R>°. h•opr_L$p° L$l° R>° L°$ Apb^p° `qfhpf k|eÆdp¨\u D–`fi_ \ep° R>° A_° [° fu[° A° b^p k|eÆ_p Vy$ºX$p R>°. A°L$ k|eÆ_p°_pi \pe [p° [°_u kp\°kp\° [°_p° `qfhpf `Z _Ù$ \C ≈e R>°. A° S> fu[° A°L$ k|eÆ `°]$p\pe [p° [°_p `|fp `qfhpf_y¨ r_dpÆZ \C ≈e R>°. ƒepf° Ap`Zp° k|eÆ _pi `pdi° [° q]$hk°Ap`Zp Ap kpfp `qfhpf_p° _pi \C S>i°. Ap L$p°C A_lp°_u OV$_p _\u. fp°S> k¢L$X$p°k|eÆ_p `qfhpf _Ù$ \pe R>° A_° fp°S> _hp_hp k|ep£ _hp_hp `qfhpfp°_° S>fid Ap`° R>°.L$p°C S>¡epA° ƒepf° L$p°C A°L$p]$ k|eÆ _pi `pd° R>° –epf° [f[ S> bu≈° k|eÆ L$p°C bu∆S>¡epA° `°]$p \C ≈e R>°, L$pfZ L°$ [°dp¨\u _uL$m°gp¨ b^p¨ qL$fZp° L$p°C Afie S>¡epA°k¨NqW$[ \C Nep¨ lp°e R>°.

Ap`Zp° k|eÆ fp°S> W¨$X$p° \[p° ≈e R>°. Qpf AbS> hjp£\u Ap`Zp° k|eÆ Ap `©’hu_°`∞L$pi Apù f¸p° R>°. [°_p° `∞L$pi fp°S> Ap°R>p° \[p° ≈e R>°. h•opr_L$p° L$l° R>° L°$ Aph_pfp¨hjp£dp¨ k|eÆ_y¨ I^Z M|V$u S>i° A_° [° W¨$X$p° `X$u S>i° A_° W$fu S>i°. k|eÆ_p W$fhp_u kp\°Ap`Zp° ApMp° kp•f-`qfhpf W$fu S>i°. `Z –ep¨ kyûdp¨ [p° [°_p¨ b^p¨ qL$fZp° rhfpV$_pL$p°C bu≈ M|Zpdp¨ A°L$W$p¨ \C_° _hp k|eÆ_° S>fid Apù ]°$i° A_° [°dp¨\u A°L$ _hp kp•f-`qfhpf_y¨ r_dpÆZ \C S>i°. S>°d L$p°C A°L$ Ïesº[ df° R>° Z kp\°kp\° bpmL$_° S>fid ZAp`[u ≈e R>° [° S> fu[° S|>_p k|ep£ df[p fl°i° [°d-[°d _hp k|ep£_° S>fid Ap`[p S>i°.rhfpV$_u Ap Ïehı\pdp¨ k|eÆ A°L$ _p_pdp¨ _p_u QuS> R>°.

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Ap`Z° b^pÄ° kp\° dmu_° A°L$ fpÙ≤$ kS>Æhp_y¨ R>° - A°hy¨ fpÙ≤$ S>° Ap`©’hu `f Ó°õ$ lp°e A_° S>°_p kp° L$fp°X$ Ql°fp `f sıd[ lp°e.

- X$p∑. A°. ù. S>°. AÂ]y$g L$gpd


bpmL$p°_u _S>f° ≈°hp\u ]y$r_ep bQi°bpmL$p°_u _S>f° ≈°hp\u ]y$r_ep bQi°bpmL$p°_u _S>f° ≈°hp\u ]y$r_ep bQi°bpmL$p°_u _S>f° ≈°hp\u ]y$r_ep bQi°bpmL$p°_u _S>f° ≈°hp\u ]y$r_ep bQi°q rkdp°_ rbi`

[ıhı\ kpdprS>L$ ∆h_ S> epÆhfZue rh›h¨k\u Ap`Z_° bQphu iL°$ R>°. ep[pep[dp¨

\[y¨ ‚]|$jZ Ap°R>pdp¨ Ap°Ry>¨ L$fhy¨, A° ApS>_u kp•\u dp°V$u AphÌeL$[p R>°. Ap`Z° bpmL$p°_u

_S>f\u ]y$r_ep_° ≈°CA° A_° `fı`f_p kp•lp]Æ$_° Ap`Zu ∆h_i•gu b_phuA° –epf° S> A° iºe

b_°. `N° Qpghp_° A_° kpBL$g Qgph_pf_° ‚p°–kprl[ L$fuiy¨ [p° Ap`Z° Ap kdıep_p DL°$g

[fa X$Ngy¨ dp¨X$u iL$uiy¨. - k¨.]

L$pf_° Ap`Z° ≈]y$C NpguQp° dp_uA° R>uA°, S>° Ap`Z_° B√R>p_ykpf ƒep¨ S>hy¨lp°e –ep¨ `lp¢QpX°$ R>°, `f¨[y ƒepf° Ap`Z° [°_° QgphuA° R>uA° –epf° ApMp° kdpS> `N°Qpg_pfp°, kpBL$g-khpf A_° S>° L¨$C A°_u hQdp¨ Aph° R>°, [° bp^pÍ$` b_u ≈e R>°.Ap`Z° S>°V$gp¨ h^pf° hpl_ Qgphhp B√R>uA° R>uA° A°V$gu h^pf° ıh[¨”[p Ap`Z_°≈°CA° R>°, `f¨[y kX$L$ Ap`Z_° S>°V$gp¨ hpl_ Qgphhp¨ lp°e, A° Qgphhp [p° ]°$, `Z A°_°dpV°$ A°V$gu ıh[¨”[p [° Apù iL$[u _\u.

kfL$pfp° `Z q]$hpıh‡_dp¨ S> ∆h° R>°. k_ 1980 A_° 2004_p d›edp¨ cpf[_pïl°fp°_u hı[u bdZu \C NC R>° A_° kX$L$p° `f hpl_p°_u k¨øepdp¨ 15-NZu h©qŸ \CR>°. q]$Îludp¨ kX$L$p° `f 60 gpM hpl_p° ]$p°X°$ R>°, S>° ]y$r_ep_p L$p°C `Z il°f L$f[p¨ h^pf°R>°. il°f_u kX$L$p° 32000 qL$.du._u R>°. Ap hpl_p°A° AX$^p\u `Z h^pf° kX$L$p° `fL$b≈° L$fu gu^p° R>°, A°V$gy¨ S> _lv, Alv fp°S>_p¨ bu≈¨ 1000 _hp¨ hpl_p° kX$L$p° `f ]$p°X$uf¸p¨ R>°.

S>ghpey`qfh[Æ__° L$pfZ° Ap kdıep `f [f[ S> ›ep_ Ap`hp_u S>Í$f Ecu\C NC R>°. h•rL$ N∞u_lpDk N∑k D–kS>Æ_dp¨ ep[pep[-kNhX$p°_y¨ ep°N]$p_ 23 V$L$p R>°,ƒepf° cpf[dp¨ lSy> 18 V$L$p S> R>°. rhipm ep[pep[-ep°S>_pAp°_° L$pfZ° L$pbÆ_-D–kS>Æ_dp¨ `Z h^pfp° \pe R>°. L$pf_p ‚dpZdp¨ d°V≤$p°f°gdp¨ AY$uNZu E≈Æ h`fpe R>°.≈° A°_p r_dpÆZdp¨ A∑ıL°$g°V$f, A°fL$sfiX$i_, rg„V$ A_° ‚L$pi dpV°$ Dèp°Ndp¨ g°hp[uE≈Æ_u NZ[fu L$fhpdp¨ Aph° [p° sı\r[ iy¨ lp°e, A°_u L$Î`_p L$fu iL$pe R>°, A°V$gy¨ S>_lv, A° bu.Apf.V$u.A°k._u [yg_pdp¨ 10-NZu dp¢Ou R>°. MQÆ A_° kNhX$_u ◊rÙ$A°≈°CA° [p° A°_u dp°V$f-kpBL$g kp\° [yg_p L$fu iL$uA° _lv, L$pfZ L°$ [° A°L$ Í$rè° qL$.du.\u`Z Ap°R>u Qpg° R>°.

Ap`Z° kd©Ÿ \[p S>CA° R>uA° [°d Ap`Z° Ap°R>u cuX$hpmu bkp°dp¨ b°khp_y¨`k¨]$ L$fuA° R>uA°. L$pf_p ‚dpZdp¨ bkp°dp¨ ep”p L$fhpdp¨ kde h^pf° gpN° R>°, L$pfZ L°$bk dpV°$ AgN gpC__u Ïehı\p lp°[u _\u. rb∞V$_dp¨ dp°V$p cpN_p `qfhpfp° `pk° L$pflp°e R>°. rb∞V$_dp¨ da[ ≈l°f ep[pep[_u kNhX$ dmhp R>[p¨, L$pf_p° Dèp°N dp” R> V$L$pS> Ap°R>p° \ep° R>°. rb∞V$_dp¨ bkp° kpdpfie L$pf L$f[p¨ bdZu E≈Æ L$peÆnd `Z _\u A_°lSy> kyû [° A°fL$sfiX$ifiX$ `Z _\u.

bkp° h•rL$ Ïesº[ ]$uW$ L$pbÆ_ X$pep°ºkpCX$_p D–kS>Æ__° sı\f fpMhpdp¨ klpeL$b_u iL$[u _\u. cpf[dp¨ S>° ı[f° ‚]|$jZ R>°, A°dp¨ `Z [° \p°Xy¨$ h^pf° ‚]|$jZ a°gphuflu R>°.

lh° cpf[ue il°fp°_u kpfu sı\r[ f rhQpf L$fuA°. q]$Îlu_p dp°V$p cpN_p _pNqfL$p°A°d_p L$peÆı\m_u _∆L$ S> fl° R>°. A°L$ L$pm° Adufp° Ap fu[° fl°[p l[p. h©np°\u Ap√R>pq]$[kX$L$p° A_° Ap°R>p A¨[f_u ep”p kpBL$g f A\hp N° Qpgu_° L$fhp\u S>ghpey`qfh[Æ_fp°L$hpdp¨ d]$]$Npf rkŸ \pe R>°.

S>ghpey`qfh[Æ__° fp°L$hpdp¨ L$peÆı\m, ]y$L$p_p° A_° k°hpn°”p°_y¨ _∆L$-_∆L$ lp°hy¨L$p°C _hu V°$L$r_L$ dpV°$ h^pf° AkfL$pfL$ \i°, L$pfZ L°$ ep[pep[\u `°]$p \[p L$pbÆ_-D–kS>Æ__p° 2/3 cpN ilfp°dp¨ ep[pep[_° L$pfZ° S> D–`fl \pe R>°. lSy> kyû A°riep_p¨70 V$L$p il°fp°_u 2050_p ıhÍ$`_° A_yÍ$` L$Î`_p S> _\u L$fhpdp¨ Aphu. Apd Apil°fp°_y¨ _hu fu[° ApL$g_ L$fhp dpV°$ Ap`Zu `pk° lSy> kde R>°. ≈° Ap`Z° Ap`ZufpS>L$ue B√R>pisº[_p° Dèp°N L$fu iL$uA° [p° Ap lpg[ `f L$pb| d°mhu iL$uA°.

ıhı\ ep[pep[-‚Zpgu `Z Ap ‚qæ$ep_p° cpN R>°. A°L$ kpBL$g-khpf A°L$rgV$f `°V≤$p°g S>°V$gu E≈Ædp¨ 100 qL$.du._u kaf L$fu iL°$ R>°. `qfZpd° L$pf_p ‚dpZdpÄ°_p\u 100-NZu Ap°R>u h•rL$ epÆhfZue Akf \i°. cpf[dp¨ ]$f hj£ 10 gpM L$pf_u[yg_pdp¨ 1 L$fp°X$ 20 gpM kpBL$gp°_y¨ h°QpZ \pe R>°, `f¨[y ep[pep[_p Ap ip¨r[r‚ekp^__u D`°np L$fhpdp¨ Aph° R>°, A°V$gy¨ S> _lv, fpÙ≤$ue S>ghpey-L$peÆep°S>_pdp¨S>ghpey qfh[Æ_ dpV°$ N° Qpghp_u L°$ kpBL$g Qgphhp_u hp[ Z L$fhpdp¨ Aphu _lp°[u,ƒepf° Ap ]°$idp¨ L$pf A_° dp°V$fkpBL$g b¨_°_u c°Nu k¨øep\u h^pf° _pNqfL$p° L$p¨ [p° `N°Qpg° R>°, L$p¨ [p° kpBL$g Qgph° R>°.

fpÙ≤$d¨X$m_u fd[p°_u ]$p°X$dp¨ q]$Îlu B√R>° [p° gp°k A°fiS>gk_u il°fu ep°S>_p A_°kX$L$ `f Qpg_pfpAp° dpV°$ [_phcep£ A_° S>ghpey`qfh[Æ_hpmp° dpNÆ A`_phu iL°$ R>°A\hp [° L$p° _l∑N_ S>°hp il°f_u Ÿr[_° A`_phu iL°$ R>°. X°$fidpLÆ$_u fpS>^p_u L$p° _l∑N_°


`p°[p_p rhQpf_° A° bpmL$_u _S>f\u rhL$rk[ L$ep£, S>° Ofdp¨\u blpf _uL$mu S>°V$gy¨fdpe A°V$gy¨ fdhp B√R>° R>°. 10 hjp£dp¨ il°f_p° hpl_Ïehlpf Ap°R>p° \C Nep° A_° kX$L$p°bpmL$p° dpV°$ kyfrn[ b_u NC. X°$fidpLÆ$dp¨ ApS>° AX$^p\u h^pf° bpmL$p° kpBL$g Qgph°R>°. 30 hjÆ l°gp¨ [p° dp” 5 V$L$p bpmL$p° S> kpBL$g Qgph[p¨ l[p¨. L$p°`_l∑N_ lh° kX$L$_°qL$_pf° L$pa°_u k¨ıL©$r[, A_p• QpqfL$ kpdprS>L$ k¨ LÆ$ A_° bpmL$p°_p lp\ L$X$u_° bNuQpdp¨L°$ ]y$L$p_dp¨ gV$pf dpfhp_p gpcp°_° kd∆ f¸y¨ R>°. gp°k A°fiS>gk S>°hp¨ L$pfhpmp¨ il°fp°dpÄphy¨ ◊Ìe rhfg S> lp°e R>°. b¨_° il°fp°dp¨ Ny_pAp°_p ]$fdp¨ Aph°gy¨ A¨[f Z A°_u d°m° S>kd≈C ≈e R>°. Aphu k¨h°]$_iug ep°S>_pAp° b_phhp dpV°$ Ap`Z° `Z `f¨`fpN[dpmMpdp¨\u blpf _uL$mhy¨ `X$i°.

("khp£]$e ‚°k krhÆk byg°qV$_', 01-07-2009dp¨\u kpcpf)qqq

i•nrZL$ kƒS>[p L$peÆæ$di•nrZL$ kƒS>[p L$peÆæ$di•nrZL$ kƒS>[p L$peÆæ$di•nrZL$ kƒS>[p L$peÆæ$di•nrZL$ kƒS>[p L$peÆæ$dq _hu_Q¨÷ S>°. dL$hpZp

Ap g°M_p g°ML$ S|>_pNY$ rS>âpdp¨ X$u.C.Ap°. L$Q°fudp¨ d]$]$_ui rinZ-r_funL$[fuL°$ afS> b≈h[p l[p –epf° rS>âp_p [dpd [pgyL$pd\L°$ k°rd_pf fpMu_° dp›erdLipmpAp° dpV°$ Ap L$peÆæ$d L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g l[p°. [°_° [° S> ıhÍ$`dp¨ A”° fS|> L$f°g R>°.‚p\rdL$ ipmpAp°_° `Z [° A°V$gp° S> gpNy `X°$ R>°. ApV$gp¨ hjp£ bp]$ `Z [° L$peÆæ$d_urhN[p° A°V$gu S> AkfL$[pÆ R>°. ≈°°L°$ h[Ædp_ kdedp¨ L°$V$guL$ qfcpjpAp°/iÂ]$p° b]$gpe°gR>°, `f¨[y lp]Æ$ A° S> R>°.

‚ep°N iÍ$ L$fhp dpV°$_y¨ L$pfZ :

rinZ_u A›ee_-A›ep`_-‚qæ$epdp¨ R>°âp¨ \p°X$p¨ kde\u A°L$ ep bu≈ ‚L$pf_pAhfp°^p° Ecp \[p ≈°hp d˛ep R>°. [°dp¨_p L°$V$gpL$ bp¸ R>°, `f¨[y L°$V$gpL$ rb_S>Í$fuD]π$ch°gp R>°. Aphp AV$L$phu iL$pe [°hp Ahfp°^p° ]|$f L$fhp k≈N[p k°hhu.

‚ep°N_p l°[yAp° :

Ap `∞ep°N_p l°[yAp° _uQ° dyS>b R>° :

1. rinZ_u A›ee_ A_° A›ep`_-‚qæ$epdp¨ rb_S>Í$fu fu[° D]π$ch°gp Ahfp°^p°Ap°mMhp

2. Aphp Ahfp°^p° ]$|f L$fhp dpV°$ ipmp-L$npA° eysº[-‚eysº[Ap° Np°W$hhu3. eysº[-‚eysº[Ap°_u Adghpfu dpV° rinL°$ cS>hhp_u c|rdL$p [•epf L$fhu4. rinL°$ L$f°g Apep°S>_ rh¤p\wAp° Z Adgdp¨ d|L°$ [° dpV°$ kdN∞ ipmp`qfhpf_p

èpÆhfZdp¨ Q°[_p S>Nphhu

rb_S>Í$fu fu[° D]π$ch°gp Ahfp°^p° ]|$f L$fhp dpV$°_u eysº[-‚eysº[ A_° [°_u AdghpfuA¨N°_u c|rdL$p :

1. rinL$ [fuL°$ Ap`Z° ipmpA° kdekf AphuA°. `∞p\Æ_pdp¨ AQ|L$ lpS>f fluA°.ep°¡e kde° ‚p\Æ_pdp¨ Ap`Zy¨ ep°N]$p_ ApùA°.

2. ApS>_p q]$hk_p [pk_° A_yÍ$` rhjep°_y¨ d__ L$fu gp°Nb|L$ [•epf L$fuA°. N[hj£ Ap dyÿpAp° cZph°gp [°dp¨ Ap hj£ Ÿr[, dyÿp, D]$plfZ_u ◊rÙ$A° ip° a°fapfL$fhp° R>° [° rhQpf L$fuA° A_° hNÆM¨X$dp¨ S>[p¨ `l°gp¨ rhjehı[ydp¨ kƒS> \CA°.

WHAT IS DEATH ?

Some people say,

Death is an opening to a greater life;

Some people say, death is The End.

What is death ?

For most people it is mourning and grieving;

For others it is happiness

that the dead did not have to suffer.

Death approaches like a lion about to attack;

Once it grasps you, you cannot

Escape its terrifying claws.

Death treads softly at first and then

Gallops fast and strong,

Pursuing and devouring its victims.

To me, death is a part of living.

The body dies

But the soul will continue on the long journey of life.

Your soul will live in and

Furnish other’s hearts.

- Maulik Bhansali (11 years), U.S.A.


3. Ap`Z° hNÆMX$dp `lp¢Quiy, S>°\u rh¤p\wAp°_° Ar_erd[ rhQpfp°dp M°ghp dpV°$Ap°R>p° kde dm°. hmu kdekf hNÆMX$ R>p°X$uiy, S>°\u Afie [pkdp Ap`Z° dp°X$p_ `lp¢QuA°.

4. Ap`Z° S>° hNÆM¨X$dp¨ S>CA° R>uA° [° hNÆM¨X$dp¨ ApS>° L$p°C i•nrZL$ kp^_p° gCS>hp_p¨ R>° L°$ L°$d [° rhQpfuA°. Qpgy [pkdp¨\u kp^_ g°hp S>hy/d¨Nphhp¨ A° S>°-[° kde_p Ïee bfpbf R>°.

5. ApS>_p rhjedp¨ L$p°C ıhr_rdÆ[ hı[y/kp^_ b_u iL°$ [°d R>° [°_u hNÆM¨X$dp¨kdS> Ap`hu. N[ hjp£dp¨ ≈° L$p°C kp^_ b_ph°g lp°e [p° [° `Z fS|> L$fhy¨.

6. Âg∑L$bp∑XÆ$ `f lz¨ S>° `Z L$p¨C gMui [° cpjp_u ◊rÙ$A° iyŸ gMui. kpQu ≈°X$Zu/ky]$f Anfp°/ ∑f°N∞pa/rhfpdrQåp°...hN°f° Âg∑L$bp∑XÆ$ f kyÏehsı\[ fu[° fS|> L$fui,S>°\u rh¤p\wAp° Ap]$iÆ D]$plfZ d°mhu iL°$...ºep¨L$ A≈Z[p¨ Ap`Z° S> [°d_°Mp°V$u fu[° riMhpX$[p _\u _° [° A¨N° kcp_ fluA°.

7. dpfp hNÆM¨X$_u ]$uhpgp° `f ‚°fL$ kyrhQpfp° li°, Ap]$iÆ rQ”p° li°, ‚°fZpd|r[ÆÏesº[Ap°_u R>buAp° li°, rhjehı[y_° A_yÍ$` QpVπkÆ/_L$ip S>° ]$f AW$hpqX$e°b]$gp[p fpMu iL$pe [°hp li°. A°L$]$f° rh¤p\w_° hNÆM¨X$dp¨ |f[y i•nrZL$ epÆhfZdmu iL$° [°hy¨ li°.

8. dpfp hNÆ_p rh¤p\wAp°_u lp°riepf, d›ed, _bmp ‚L$pf_u L$np\u lz¨ `qfrQ[lp°Ci, `f¨[y rh¤p\w_° [° A¨N° ≈Z _lv L$fy¨. dpfp rhjer_Í$`Z ]$frdep_ [°dpÄph[p dyÿp_u L$np ‚dpZ° Aphp rh¤p\wAp° ‚–e° rhi°j ›ep_ Apùi.

9. dpfp [pk ]$frdep_ lz dpfp hNÆ_p rh¤p\wAp° [fa k[[ af[u ◊rÙ$ fpMui, S>°\uL$p°C `Z rh¤p\w hNÆM¨X$dp¨ b°›ep_ _lv fl°. ≈° d_° L$p°C A°hy¨ ]°$Mpi° [p° lmhuV$L$p°f A\hp lmhp ‚Ò ‹pfp Aphp rh¤p\w_y¨ ›ep_ L°$rfi÷[ L$fphui. rh¤p\whNÆM¨X$dp¨ k[[ ›ep_ Ap`° [° A–e¨[ S>Í$fu R>°.

10. ≈° lz¨ cpjp_y¨ rinZL$peÆ L$fhp_p° lp°J [p° lz¨ `p°[° Ap]$iÆ hpQ_ L$fui. rh¤p\wAp°`pk° Z Ap]$iÆ hpQ_ L$fphui. _bmp rh¤p\wAp° pk° y_fphr[Æ[ hpQ_ L$fphui.

11. ≈° lz¨ cpjp rkhpe_p rhje_y¨ rinZL$peÆ L$fhp_p° lp°J [p° lz¨ L$]$u `yı[L$ lp\dp¨fpMu_° _lv cZphy¨. rhje_p dyÿpAp°_° Âg∑L$bp∑XÆ$ `f gMui A_° dyÿphpf QQpÆL$fui/L$fphui.

12. Qpgy rinZ ]$frdep_ lz¨ Mp°V$p S>hpb Ap`_pf L°$ _bmp rh¤p\wAp°_° L$]$u D[pfu`pX$ui _lv [°d S> kpQp S>hpb Ap`_pf_° ‚p°–kpl_/ipbpiu Ap`hp_y c|gui_lv. hmu kpQp S>hpbp°_y¨ bu≈ L°$V$gpL$ rh¤p\wAp° ‹pfp `y_fph[Æ_ L$fphui.

13. dpfu A_° dpfp klL$peÆL$f [dpd_u lpS>fu-dp”\u rh¤p\wAp° p°[p_u Afie [dpdQ¨Qm ‚h©r—Ap° b¨^ L$f° A_° Adp°_° kp¨cmhp/kdS>hp [–`f b_u ≈e A°hyÄdpfy¨ Ïesº[–h Ad° Mughiy¨.

14. L$p°C L$pfZkf Afie hNÆdp S>hp_y \pe [p° lz [° hNÆMX$dp bpmL$p°_u L$np/S>Í$qfep[_°›ep_dp¨ fpMu_° rhriÙ$ dyÿpAp° gC S>Ci. aº[ [°Ap°_° b°kpX$u fpMui _lv, f¨[yAp kde_p° k]y$èp°N L$fu rhriÙ$ ‚p°S>°ºV$ Adgdp d|L$ui. Ap kde rh¤p\wAp°_uL$np ky^pfhp dpV°$_p° kp•\u D—d kde R>°. [pkdp¨ _p_p dyÿpAp°_p¨ QQpÆ/r_]$p_/

D`Qpf kpfu fu[° \C iº[p¨ lp°e R>°.

15. hjÆ_u iÍ$Ap[dp¨ lz Afie hNÆdp¨ S>hp_y b_° [° dpV°$_y Apep°S>_ [•epf L$fu fpMui.S>°d L°$ kd|lhpQ_/Np_, _p_p NyZpL$pf/cpNpL$pf, ı °tgN, k|”p°... hN°f°_y ◊Yu$L$fZL$fphu iL$pe [°d R>°.

16. dpfp rhje_p `pW$È yı[L$_° lz ANpD\u |f° |fy hpQui. [°dp L$qW$_-d›ed-kfm‚L$pf_p `pW$p°_y¨ hNwL$fZ L$fui.

17. kfm `pW$dp¨ dpfp hNÆM¨X$dp¨ gNcN 100% rkqŸ ‚p· L$fphui, A°V$g° L°$ [°`pW$_p [dpd ‚L$pf_p dyÿpAp° [dpd rh¤p\wAp°_° AphX$i° S> [°hp° k¨L$Î` L$fu`pW$_y Apep°S>_ L$fui. L$qW$_ A_° d›ed ‚L$pf_p pW$dp¨ S>°-[° L$np_p rh¤p\wAp°100% rkqŸ d°mh° [°hy¨ Apep°S>_ L$fui. L$qW$_-d›ed ‚L$pf_p dyÿpAp°_° kfmfu[ ‹pfp kd≈hhp dpV°$_u fu[p° [•epf L$fui.

18. rh¤p\w_° lz¨ ]$ffp°S> ‚dpZkf N©lL$peÆ Apùi. N©lL$peÆdp¨ hpQ_-g°M_-y_fph[Æ_ hN°f° S>°hu rhrh^[p fpMui, S>°dp¨ L¨$V$pmp° _ Aph° [°_u L$pm∆ fpMui.

hmu N©lL$peÆ L$epÆ A¨N°_u QL$pkZu `Z lz¨ ep°¡e fu[° L$fui.

19. y_fph[Æ_ A° Or_õ$ rinZ dpV°$ A–e¨[ S>Í$fu R>°. Qpgy [pkdp¨ iÂ]$p°_y y_fph[Æ_,hpºep°_y y_fph[Æ_, Ôgp°L$-L$pÏeNp__y y_fph[Æ_, k|”p°/kduL$fZp°_y y_fph[Æ_...hN°f° S>°hp A_°L$ dyÿpAp°dp¨ yy_fph[Æ_ L$fhp\u/L$fphhp\u rh¤p\w_p° Ap–drhpkM|b h^° R>°.

20. Qpgy [pkdp¨ lp°riepf `R>u _bmp rh¤p\w ‹pfp hpQ_ L$fphuA°, k¨ıL©$[dp¨ k¨r^


R|>V$u pX$u_° hp¨QuA°/h¨QphuA°, ı °tgNdp¨ Afie b_ph/ı\m_p° k¨]$cÆ ApùA°...hN°f° S>°hu A_°L$ ‚qæ$epAp° iºe R>°. Mpk [p° Aphu ‚qæ$epAp° Qpgy A°L$d ]$frdep_ıhppcprhL$ fu[° \hu S> ≈°CA°... A_° [°d S> L$fui.

21. `y_fph[Æ_ L$fhp\u L$p°C `Z dyÿp° gp¨bp kde kyû ep]$ flu iL°$ R>°. ‚p\Æ_p,gîNu[, cS>_, h^y hM[ kp¨cm°gu hp[pÆ, h^y hM[ ≈°e°g QgrQ”, kNp¨-k¨b¨ uAp°_p¨ _pd/kf_pdp¨... hN°f° S>°hu A_°L$ bpb[p° gp¨bp° kde ep]$ fl°hp_y¨L$pfZ [°d_y hpf¨hpf \[y y_fph[Æ_ R>°. rh¤p\wAp°_° Ap hp[ lz bfpbf kd≈hui.

22. L$p°C `Z rh¤p\w _bmp° _\u [° hp[_p° `y_fy$√Qpf hNÆM¨X$dp¨ lz¨ hpf¨hpf L$fui,S>°\u rh¤p\wAp°_p° Ap–drhpk hî°. A°L$ hM[ Ap–drhpk ‚p· \pe R>uAp`p°Ap` [° rh¤p\w `p°[p_u isº[ dyS>b ApNm h^hp ‚fpi°. lz Aphu ‚°fZpAp`hpdp¨ L¨$S|>kpC _lv L$fy¨.

23. hNÆM¨X$dp¨ rh¤p\w [p°ap_u R>°, _bmp rh¤p\wAp° R>°, gM[p¨hpQ[p¨ AphX$[y _\u,N©lL$peÆ r_erd[ L$f[p _\u, lpS>fudp¨ Ar_erd[ R>°, S>Í$fu `yı[L$p°/_p°V$b|L$p°gph[p _\u, ipmpdp¨ AdyL$ kp^_-hı[y_u ≈°NhpC _\u... hN°f° hN°f° S>°hpA_°L$ ‚Òp° OZu ipmpAp°_p R>°, `f[y Ap`Z° Aphp ‚Òp°\u AL$mpCiy _lv, `f[yAphu kdıepAp° ]|$f L$fhp Ap`Zu byqŸ/isº[/Qp[yeÆ\u kdıep Ap°R>u L$fhpA\hp kdıep _pb|]$ L$fhp dpV°$ kp• kp\° dmu_° rhriÙ$$ `∞p°S>°ºV$ lp\ ^fuiy¨ [\p[°dp kam[p_y ∞dpZ h^pfhp hpf°hpf° ∞p°–kpl_ Apùiy. f[y Aphu kdıepAp°_p[pb° \C_° Ap`Z° rinL$ [fuL°$_u d|mc|[ af≈° Q|L$uiy _lv. A¨[° [p° rh¤p\wAp°_pNyfy∆ [fuL°$ Ap`Z° [°d_p Ó°õ$ dpNÆ]$iÆL$ - `∞°fZpd|r[Æ R>uA° A° c|ghy¨ _ ≈°CA°.

ApQpeÆÓu [\p rinL$rd”p°,

D`fp°º[ bpb[p° Qpgy hjÆ\u ‚ep°N [fuL°$ Ap`Z° kp• ıhuL$pfuA°. ≈°L°$ Apdp¨_uOZu bpb[p° Ap`_u ipmpdp¨ `Z \[u S> li° - L$]$pQ h y D√Q L$npA° `Z \[u li°.≈° A°d lp°e [p° Ap`_° fiehp]$. ≈° [°d _ \[y¨ lp°e [p° ApS>\u S> Ap`Z° Aphu eysº[Ap°Adgdp¨ d|L$uA°. A°L¨$]$f° Qpgy hjÆ\u Ap`Z° kp• krlepfp° `yfy$jp\Æ L$fu kdN∞ fpƒe_°NyZh—peyº[ rinZde b_phuA°.

A”° rhriÙ$ ‚p°S>°ºV$ rhN[hpf Ap`hpdp¨ Aph°g _\u, `f¨[y L°$V$guL$ ipmpAp°dpÖZp i•nrZL$ ‚p°S>°ºV$ \pe R>° [°_u dprl[u Ap` AQ|L$ d°mh≈°.

rh¤p\wAp° dpV°$ Qpgy hjÆ\u _uQ° dyS>b_p ”Z r_edp° Qyı[`Z° `pm° [° dpV°$

e\pep°¡e ‚Qpf L$fip°.

r_ed-1 : ipmpdp¨ lz¨ Aphui [° `l°gp¨ S>° L¨$C i•nrZL$ L$peÆ \hp_u k¨cph_p R>° [°rhi° ANpD\u `|hÆ[•epfu kp\° Aphui.

r_ed-2 : ApS>° ipmpdp S>° L$C Ap‡ey R>° [°_y kpS>°/fp”° O°f A›ee_ L$fu_° S> KOui.

r_ed-3 : N©lhpQ_ A¨N° dpfy¨ kde`”L$ b_phui, S>°dp¨ ANpD A›ee_ L$fph°g[dpd dyÿpAp°_y¨ `y_fph[Æ_ \pe [° fu[° Apep°S>_ L$fui.

("∆h_rinZ', S|>_ 2009dp¨\u kpcpf)qqq

‚cy-`¨Qpe[dp¨ bpmL$

lp°dhLÆ$ hl°gy¨ `|fy¨ \pe, ‚cy ![p° [_° Aphu_° dmpe, ‚cy !

[¢e dı[u [p° blz L$f°gu, _rl ?L°$d dpfp\u _p L$fpe, ‚cy ?

Ap iy¨ V$`V$`\u fp°S> _p'hp_y¨ ?`°'gp hfkp]$dp¨ _hpe, ‚cy !

ApøMu ]y$r_ep_° [y¨ fdpX°$ R>°;dpf° ]$lv-]|$^dp¨ fdpe, ‚cy ?

fp °S> fduA° Ad° A° d°] $p_°L°$d d¨q]$f _hy¨ QZpe, ‚cy ?

dÁdu-`‡`p [p° fp°S> TOX°$ R>°,[pfp\u A°d_° _p hY$pe, ‚cy ?

bm\u bpmL$ [_° ≈° h¨]°$ [p°bpm-dS>]|$fu _p NZpe, ‚cy ?

- ‚Zh ¨X$Èp


fp°V$gp V$u`[p¨ riMhpX°$ _pMpX$p° Mp°]$[p¨ AphX°$ _p

∆h__y [p° _p _pdp°r_ip_byqŸ_y¨ [p° ≈Z° dpN° ]$p_

hp[p° _p Aphu Ap`Z_° [dpfu A_yL|$g_° [p°e `pRy> ¨ dpf° L$pg° S>hp_y¨ ıL| $g ?

b_u iL$[p° l[p° dpZk_° bfiep° lz¨ _p°L$qfep[

Qpf L$pNrmep¨_u apCg_p°lz¨ [p° ≈Z° Ap¨Nrmep[

_uL$˛ep° [p° g°hp rinZ _° b_u Nep° fool

_° [p°e `pRy> ¨ dpf° L$pg° S>hp_y ¨ ıL| $g ?

qqq

`pRy>¨ S>hp_y¨ ıL|$g ?`pRy>¨ S>hp_y¨ ıL|$g ?`pRy>¨ S>hp_y¨ ıL|$g ?`pRy>¨ S>hp_y¨ ıL|$g ?`pRy>¨ S>hp_y¨ ıL|$g ?q L$]Æ$d f. dp°]$u

[p°X$hp gpNZu_y ag`pRy>¨ S>hp_y¨ ıL|$g ?

1+1lSy>e b° \p[pr”L$p°Z `f Qp°fklSy>e _p Np°W$hp[p

kpl°b_°e ]$pMgdp¨ `X°$$ R>° lh° c|g[p°e `pRy>¨ dpf° L$pg° S>hp_y¨ ıL|$g ?

ÏepL$fZ_p hpe]$p _°_pNqfL$ip˜_p L$pe]$p

L°$V$gpe cŒep _°L$p°_° \ep ape]$p ?

ljÆ]$_° ≈Z° b_phhp_p° R> ° byg[p°e `pRy>¨ dpf° L$pg° S>hp_y¨ ıL|$g ?

`‡`p_y¨ L$fph° X∑$X$u _°dÁdu_y¨ `pRy>¨ dp°dAp R>° dpfp° cpf[ L°$

`R>u A°_° L$l°hp° fp°d ?huS>mu_u S>°d lz¨ [p° \C Nep° Ry>¨ X|$g ![p°e `pRy>¨ dpf° L$pg° S>hp_y¨ ıL|$g ?

lpCX≤$p°S>__y¨ k|” _ AphX°$_° lgL$pdp¨ lz¨ NZp[p°

‚L$pi-k¨Ôg°jZ L$f° `ZÆ _°lz¨ qaΩ$p° `X$u ≈[p°

rhop__u Ap hp[p° d_° `°V$dp¨ L$f° i|g[p°e `pRy> ¨ dpf° L$pg° S>hp_y¨ ıL| $g ?

L$p°C dpZk_° A°L$ rhjedp¨ r_ÛZp[ b_phhp° A° `|f[y¨ _\u. [°\u [°A°L$ Dèp°Nu e¨” b_°, Z [° khpØNu Ïesº[–h ‚p· _rl L$fu iL°$. A° dpV°$ [p°rh¤p\wA° d|Îep° dpV°$ kpQu kdS> A_° ∆h¨[ ErdÆ L°$mhhu Mpk S>Í$fu R>°.

_hu EN[u `°Y$u_° rinZ Ap`hp_y¨ L$pd S>°Ap° L$f° R>°, [°d_u kp\°_pÏesº[N[ k¨`LÆ$ ‹pfp S> Ap qL≠$d[u hı[yAp° Apù iL$pe R>°, `pW$È`yı[L$p°‹pfp _rl !

lfuapC_u `Ÿr[ A_° [f[ S> Dèyº[ b_u iL°$ A°hp l°[yhpmpA`qfhºh r_ÛZp[uL$fZ `f ASy>N[p° cpf d|L$hp\u [p° S>°_p `f kp¨ıL©$r[L$∆h__p° Ap^pf R>° [°_p S> Ap–dp_p° _pi \pe R>°.

∆h¨[ L°$mhZu dpV°$ A° S>Í$fu R>° L°$ _hp EN[p dp_hdp¨ ıh[¨”rhh°L$isº[_p° rhL$pk \pe. ApS>° [p° [°_p `f OZp° S> A_° OZp rhjep°_p°cpf _pMu, Ap d|mc|[ rhL$pk_p° S> cp°N Ap`hpdp¨ Aph° R>°. rinZ [p°A°hy¨ lp°hy¨ ≈°CA° L°$ [°_° S>° L¨C Ap`hpdp¨ Aph°, [° A°L$ d|Îehp_ brnk gpN°,_rl L°$ L$X$hu afS>.

- ApCfiıV$pC_


dpe ap^fdpe ap^fdpe ap^fdpe ap^fdpe ap^fq fZR>p°X$ ipl

ipmpAp°dp¨ \[p¨ r_erd[ L$pep£dp¨ L$p¨CL$ Ah_hy¨ b_° –epf° blz Ap°R>p rinL$p°[°_u rhriÙ$[p_° kd∆ iL°$ R>°. kd∆ iL°$ [°dp¨\u S|>S> dpV°$ [°dp¨ qfh[Æ_ gphhp_y¨ iºeb_° R>°. ^p°. 11dp¨ AÊepk L$f[p° rh`yg A°L$ A–e¨[ [°S>ıhu rh¤p\w R>°. [dpd rinL$p°[°_u [°S>ıhu byqŸ\u S> _lv `f¨[y [°_p rh_eu ıhcph\u `Z `qfrQ[ S> _lv ‚cprh[R>°. kp•_p° [° gpX$L$p° R>°. kp• [°_p [fa ‚°d A_° gpNZu\u Sy>A° R>°.

ApS>° [°_p hNÆdp¨ A¨N∞°∆ rhje iuMh[p¨ ‚°dpm A_° fd|∆ rirnL$p Óud[u‚°rdgpbl°_ lk[p¨-lk[p¨ ‚h°i L$f° R>°. kp• Ecp \C A°L$ukp\° 'Good Morning,

Madam' L$lu [°d_y¨ ıhpN[ L$f° R>°. A¨N∞°∆ rhje_p¨ [°Ap° D—d rirnL$p R>°. ‚°rdgpbl°_ıhcph° ‚°dpm, lkdyMp¨ A_° duW$pbp°gp¨ lp°hp\u dp” ipmp_p hNÆdp¨ S> _lv `f¨[ykdpS>dp¨ `Z kp•_p¨ Ap]$f`p” R>°. hNÆdp¨ ‚h°Ìep bp]$ d∑X$d hp[Qu[_p° ]$p°f ApNmQgph[p¨ kp• rh¤p\wAp°_° QQpÆdp¨ kpd°g L$f[p¨ |R>° R>°, ""[dpfp ∆h__p° Ap]$iÆ (Role-

model) L$p°Z ? [d_° L$p°_p S>°hp b_hp_y¨ Nd° ?'' ıhpcprhL$ fu[° S> ‚–e°L$_p° S>hpbSy>]$p°Sy>]$p° lp°e. `f¨[y Ap [p° [pfyŒe_u Jdfhpmp rh¤p\wAp° lp°hp\u [°d_u kp•\u _∆L$[°d_p¨ dÁdu-`‡`p lp°e, [°\u dp°V$p cpN_p rh¤p\wAp°A° [°d_p fp°g-dp∑X°$g [°d_pr`[pÓu R>° [°d S>ZpÏey¨. d∑X$d° S>° rhje [fa rh¤p\wAp°_° gC S>hp l[p [° [fa gCS>hpdp¨ [°d_° kam[p ‚p· \C. [°dZ° S>ZpÏey¨, ""[p° Qpgp°, ApS>° Ap`Z° "dpe ap^f'(My Father) rhi° r_b¨^ gMuA°.''

kpdpfie fu[° kp• rinL$p° r_b¨^_p rhje_u QQpÆ L$f°. `f¨[y Ap d∑X$d [p° dp•rgL$L$peÆ (originality) A_° kS>Æ_p–dL$[p(creativity)dp¨ ÓŸp ^fph[p¨ lp°hp\u [°dZ°S>ZpÏey¨, ""ApS>° r_b¨^ gMhp_p b° [pk R>°. ApS>° Ap`Z° Sy>]$u fu[° r_b¨^ gMuA°.`l°gp [pkdp¨ [d° r_b¨^ gM≈°. [d° [dpfp dp•rgL$ rhQpfp° ıh[¨” fu[°, Myâp d_° A_°r_cÆe`Z° gM≈°. bu≈ [pkdp¨ Ap`Z° [dpfp gMpZ_u hNÆdp¨ QQpÆ L$fuiy.'' [°dZ°rh¤p\wAp°_° kd≈Ïey¨.

kp• rh¤p\wAp°A° p°[p_p rhQpfp° _p°V$dp¨ D[pfhp_u iÍ$Ap[ L$fu, f¨[y dp” rh yg`p°[p_u `°_ b°fiQ D`f d|L$u q]$¡d|Y$ b_u b°ku f¸p°, [°\u bl°_° [°_° `Z r_b¨^ gMhpS>ZpÏey¨. `f¨[y rh`yg b°ku S> f¸p°. [°Z° L$p¨C `Z gøey¨ _lv. kdSy> rirnL$pA° hNÆdp¨

Mg°g _ \pe [° dpV°$ [°_° hNÆ_u blpf gp∑budp¨ bp°gphu `|Rey¨, ""rh`yg, [y¨ [p° lp°riepfR>° R>[p¨ L°$d gM[p° _\u ?'' rh yg_u Ap¨Mdp¨ cpfp°cpf r^Ω$pf l[p°, O©Zp_u gpNZu

l[u. R>[p¨ rh_eu rh`yg° S>hpb Ap‡ep°, ""d∑X$d, d¢ [p° ap^f_° ≈°ep S> _\u `R>u L°$hufu[° gMy¨ ?'' d∑X$d° `|Rey¨, ""A°V$g° iy¨ [pfp `‡`p_y¨ Ahkp_ \ey¨ R>° ? ºepf° \ey¨ ?''

gpNZuiug rirnL$pA° [°_p Mcp D`f lp\ d|L$u kp¨–h_p Ap`hp ‚e–_ L$ep£.

`f¨[y rh`yg L¨$C bp°Îep° _lv. afu\u [°_° `|R>[p¨ [°Z° S>ZpÏey¨, ""[dpfp° ApN∞l S>lp°e [p° dpfp d_dp¨ S>° rhQpfp° Aph° R>° [° gMy¨ ? `R>u d_° W$`L$p° _ Ap`[p¨.'' rirnL$p_°

\ey¨ L°$ Ap rh¤p\w r`[p _ lp°hp_° L$pfZ° S>° Mpgu`p° A_ych[p° li° [° [°_p r_b¨^dp¨gMi°, `‡`p_u ep]$ A_° gpNZu rhi° gMi°. [°\u [°dZ° S>ZpÏey¨, ""lp, [_° S>° AphX°$

A_° kd≈e [° S>Í$f gM. ıh√R> Anf° gMS>°. ≈°X$Zu_y¨ ›ep_ fpMS>°.''

rh`yg `p°[p_u b°fiQ D`f Nep°. –ep¨ b°ku [° `Z Afie rh¤p\wAp°_u kp\°gMhpdp¨ Ïeı[ \C Nep°. rirnL$p_° Ap_¨]$ \ep° - \p°X$p° NhÆ `Z \ep° L°$ [° rh¤p\w_°

Arc‚°fZp (motivation) Apù iºep¨. [°dZ° `p°[p_p L$peÆ_u kam[p_p° Ap°X$L$pfA_ycÏep°. dpZk `p°[p_y¨ ^pf°gy¨ L$peÆ \pe [p° [°_° kam[p dp_° R>°. [° L$peÆ_p `qfZpd_u

fpl ≈°[p° _\u. [°_° gpN° R>° L°$ `p°[° lp°riepf R>° dpV°$ [° kam \ep°. `f¨[y ‚–e°L$ kde° [°hy¨b_[y¨ _\u. L°$V$guL$ hpf [p° ^pepÆ L$f[p¨ rh`fu[ `qfZpd `Z Aph°, `f¨[y [° dpV°$ Ïesº[

[•epf lp°e R>° Mfu ?

A°L$ [pkdp¨ r_b¨^ gMpC Nep°. bu≈° [pk iÍ$ \[p¨ rirnL$pA° hNÆdp¨ QQpÆ iÍ$

L$fu, rh¤p\wAp°_° `p°[p_p rhQpfp° V|¨$L$dp¨ S>Zphhp Apd¨”Z Ap‡ey¨. ‚–e°L$ rh¤p\wA°`p°[p_p r`[p fp°g-dp∑X°$g L°$d R>° [°_p¨ L$pfZp° Ap‡ep¨. A°L°$ S>ZpÏey¨, "[°Ap° dl°_[y R>°',

bu≈A° "[°Ap° ‚pdprZL$ R>°', ”u≈A° "[°d_p° ıhcph dm[phX$p° R>°', Qp°\pA° "[°Ap° lz¨S>° dpNy¨ [° l¨d°ip¨ A`ph° R>°' hN°f°. kp• `p°[p_p `‡`p_p¨ hMpZ L$fhpdp¨ Np•fh A_ychhp

gp¡ep.

ûd°ûd° ‚°rdgpbl°__° \ey¨ L°$ d¢ S>°_° ‚°fZp Apù R>° [°Z° [p° D—d S> gøey¨ li°_° ? [°\u [°dZ° rh`yg_° `|Rey¨. rh`yg° S>ZpÏey¨, ""d∑X$d, d¢ Aphy¨ L$p¨C gøey¨ _\u.'' R>[p¨

d∑X$d° ApN∞l fpøep° [°\u rh`yg° S>ZpÏey¨, ""d∑X$d, lz¨ bp°gu iL$ui _lv. [d° L$l°[p¨ lp° [p°lz¨ d¢ S>° gøey¨ R>° [° hNÆdp¨ hp¨Qu k¨cmphy¨ ?'' d∑X$d D–kpldp¨ Aphu Nep¨. [°d_° \ey¨ L°$

rh`yg [p° [°S>ıhu R>°. [°_u `pk° cpjp_y¨ gprg–e R>° A_° hmu dp•rgL$ rhQpfp° `Z R>°.[°dZ° rh`yg_° hp¨Qhp k¨dr[ Apù.


cfd cp¨N[p° A]π$cy[ N∞¨\cfd cp¨N[p° A]π$cy[ N∞¨\cfd cp¨N[p° A]π$cy[ N∞¨\cfd cp¨N[p° A]π$cy[ N∞¨\cfd cp¨N[p° A]π$cy[ N∞¨\q Np°th]$cpC fphg

∆h__u Arhf[ Mp°S> L$f[y "Mp°S>' _pd_y A°L$ A_fie kpdreL$ NyS>fp[u cpjpdp¨‚NV$ \pe R>°. NyS>fp[u cpjp_u ArcÏesº[ L°$V$gu t^Nu - kbm R>°, [°_p° Ap `yfphp° R>°.Ap kpdreL$ NyS>fp[u cpjp_y [“htQ[_-n°”_y A_° kpdprS>L$ ‚Òp°_y [ps“hL$ rhÔg°jZL$f[y¨ A°L$ dp¢Oy¨ Of°œ¨ R>°.

[°_p d°-S|>_ 2009_p A¨L$dp¨ A°L$ A¨N∞°∆ yı[L$ 'The Beautiful Tree'_p° bl°_[©r· pf°M° L$fph°gp° qfQe Ap`Zu Ap¨M Mp°gu _pM° A°hp° R>°. Ap yı[L$_p g°ML$ S>°ÁkV|$gu Ap¨[ffpÙ≤$ue-øepr[-‚p· rinZrh]$ R>°. ]y$r_ep_p A_°L$ rhL$rk[ A_° AZrhL$rk[[\p rhL$pkiug ]°$ip°_p rinZ‚hplp°_p [° ≈[-AÊepku rh‹p_ R>°.

[°dZ° Ap`Zp cpf[_p Ap¨^∞‚]°$i_p l•]$fpbp]$_u T|¨`X$`À$uAp° L°$ S>°dp¨ dyøe–h°Nfub fp°S>d]$pf dS|>fp° fl° R>°, [°d_p¨ bpmL$p° L°$hy¨ rinZ g° R>°, [°_p° ≈[-AÊepk L$fuAp `yı[L$ gøey¨ R>°.

`l°gy ApÚeÆ [p° A° L°$ Ap Nfub dS|>fp° dp°V$u kfL$pfu, kfk dL$p_p°hpmu ipmpAp°dp¨da[ rinZ, cp°S>_ A_° `pW$È`yı[L$p° dm[p¨ lp°hp R>[p¨ [°dp¨ `p°[p_p¨ bpmL$p°_° cZhp_ d|L$[p¨ A° T|¨`X$`À$uAp°_p¨ _p_p¨ Op°gL$p¨ S>°hp¨ Ofp°dp¨, A¨^pfu NguAp°dp¨ Qpg[u L$p∑fih°fiV$`Ÿr[_u ipmpAp°dp¨, `°V°$ `pV$p bp¨û, dp¨X$ NyS>fp_ Qgph[p gp°L$p° dp¢Ou au cfu_° lp¢i°-lp¢i° R>p°L$fp¨_° cZph° R>°.

L°$d ? L$pfZ ı`Ù$ R>°. kfL$pfu ipmpAp°dp¨ rinL$p°_u lpS>fu p¨Mu lp°e R>°. lp°e R>°[° `Z N‡`p¨ dpf[p b°ku fl° R>° _° L$p°C Mpk cZph[y¨ _\u. ipmp_p¨ dL$p_p°, d°]$p_p°,ar_ÆQf, rinL$p°_p Npfp°, cp°S>_, yı[L$p° pR>m L$fp°X$ Í$rèp MQpÆe R>° [° b^p pZudp¨≈e R>°, L$pfZ, rinL$p°_° fnZ dmu Ney¨ R>°. r_dZ|L$ `R>u A°d_° L$p°C L$pY$_pf _\u.A°d_u Aphu kgpd[uA° kfL$pfu ipmpAp°_u Op°f Mp°]$u R>°. [° b^p D`f kyû k¨NW$_,gpNhN A_° `•kp_p ≈°f° `lp¢Qu S>C A°d_u kpd° \e°g aqfep]$p°_° hS|>]$ hNf_u W$fphu ]°$R>°. ºhp∑rgV$u rinZ_° _pd° [p° kfL$pfu ipmpAp° R>°L$ [rme° S>C b°W°$gu R>°.

–epf° bu∆ bpSy> bû S> kNhX$p°dp¨ fp¨L$ A°hu Ap T|¨`X$`À$u_u Mp_Nu ipmpAp°ºhp∑rgV$u rinZdp¨ A°L$]$d AÏhg R>°, L$pfZ L°$ hNf ºhp∑rgqaL°$i_hpmp A\hp dp°V$p¨X$p°_°i_ _ Apù iL$_pf `Z gpeL$p[hpmp `Z _p°L$fu _ d°mhu iL$_pf M|b Ap°R>p

rh`yg° hp¨Qhp_u iÍ$Ap[ L$fu : ""dpfp r`[pÓu dpfp fp°g-dp∑X°$g ºep¨\u lp°e ?dpfp S>fid bp]$ A°L$ S> hjÆdp¨ dpfp¨ dÁdu-`‡`p h√Q° TOX$p° \[p¨ [°Ap°A° R|>V$pR>°X$p gu^pR>°. dpfu dÁdu d_° dpfp `‡`pA° bu≈¨ gî L$epØ lp°hp_y¨ S>Zph° R>°. dpfp `‡`p d_° A°L$`Z q]$hk ≈°hp L°$ dmhp ApÏep _\u. d¢ [°d_° L$]$u ‚–en ≈°ep _\u. Apd S>°d_°`p°[p_p k¨[p__° ºepf°e dmhp_u B√R>p _ \pe [° Ïesº[_° Ap`Z° iy¨ L$luiy¨ - lfpdMp°fL°$ ie[p_ ? L$]$u ie[p__° fp°g-dp∑X°$g b_phu iL$pe Mfp° ?''

hNÆM¨X$dp¨ N¨cuf ip¨r[ R>hpC NC. rirnL$pbl°_ A_° hNÆ_p¨ [dpd rh¤p\wAp°-rh¤pr\Æ_uAp° A°L$]$d ip°L$dp¨ NfL$ph \C Nep¨. kp•A° A–e¨[ ASy>N[y¨ bfiep_y¨ A_ycÏey¨.kp•_° gp¡ey¨ L°$ ApS>° hNÆ ıhNÆ _lv ıdip_ b_u Nep°. kp• rh`yg [fa ]$ep_p cph\u ≈°hpgp¡ep¨. hNÆ_p° A–e¨[ [°S>ıhu rh¤p\w ApS>° NfubX$p° b_u Nep°. rh`yg hNÆdp¨ ^∞ykL°$-^∞ykL°$ fX$hp gp¡ep°. ‚°dpm rirnL$p A_° hNÆ_p¨ [dpd rh¤p\wAp° `Z [°_u kp\° ≈°X$pep¨.

ApS>_p rinL$ pk° ANpD l[u [°_p L$f[p¨ A_°L$NZu h^pf° A_° N¨cuf kdıepAp°R>°. ≈° [°_p [fa [°_y¨ ›ep_ _ ≈e [p° [° rh¤p\w_° d]$]$Í$` \hp_° b]$g° ºepf°L$ _yL$kp_`lp¢QpX°$ [°hy¨ `Z b_°. h[Ædp_ kde_p¨ rhcº[ Ly$Vy¨$bp°A° AL$Î‡e ‚Òp° Ecp L$epÆ R>°.cpf[ S>°hp këyº[ Ly$Vy¨$b_u cph_phpmp ]°$idp¨ Ïesº[hp]$u kdpS> Ecp° \[p¨ A_°L$rhL$V$ kdıepAp° D–`fl \C R>°. ipmp kdpS>_y¨ L°$fi÷ lp°hp\u Ap kdıepAp° ıhpcprhL$fu[° S> hNÆM¨X$dp¨ Aph°. ≈° rinL$ Aphp ‚Òp°\u `qfrQ[, ≈ZL$pf L°$ dprl[Npf _ lp°e[p° hNÆM¨X$ `p°[° S> A°L$ kdıep b_u ≈e. rinZ_u k¨ı\pAp°_u ApS>° [p[u S>Í$qfep[dp” D√Q i•nrZL$ gpeL$p[ ^fph[p rinL$p°_u S> _\u, `f¨[y kdSy>, `fNSy>, r_õ$p A_°r_ıb[ ^fph[p rinL$p°_u R>°. (k–eOV$_p)

qqq

kdekde L$ud[u R>°. ^_ L$f[p¨ A° h^y d|Îehp_ R>°. Nydph°gy¨

^_ afu L$dpC iL$pe R>°, `Z hu[u Ne°gp kde_° `pR>p° d°mhu

iL$p[p° _\u. `kpf \e°gu `m y_: ‚p· \C iL$[u _\u. ∆h_

A° _p_u-_p_u `mp°_p° dp” kd|l R>°. [d° Ap kde_p° Dèp°N

kpfu fu[° L$fip° [p° [d° dlp`yfyj b_u iL$ip°.


`Npf° Ap Mp_Nu ipmpAp°dp¨ kfk L$pd Ap`° R>°. [°Ap° ≈Z° R>° L°$ Adpfp L$pddp¨ L$QpiAphi° [p° L$pg° S> Ad_° pZuQy¨ dmu S>i°, L$pfZ, Alv "lpef' A_° "apef'_u _ur[ R>°,[°\u [° [ghpf_u pf f fl° R>°. [° cZphhpdp¨ |fu [•epfu L$fu kfk cZph° R>°. Apd [p°Ap Nfub gp°L$p° R>° [p° D]|Æ$cpju, `Z S>dp_p_u dp¨N_° ›ep_dp¨ fpMu R>p°L$fp¨_p DƒƒhmcrhÛe_u gpgQ° [°d_° A¨N∞°∆ dp›ed_u ipmpAp°dp¨ cZph° R>°. d°]$p_ hN°f° _ ^fph[uAp Mp_Nu ipmpAp°_° `Z kfL$pf_u dpfie[p _° Bfiı`°ºi_ hM[° AphÌeL$ kNhX$p°_pAcph° dp°V$u-dp°V$u gp¨Q Ar^L$pfuAp°_° Apù Ap ipmpAp° Qgphhu `X°$ R>°.

Aphu ipmpAp°_° Ap`Z° ^¨^p]$pfu ipmpAp° L$lu cp¨X$uA° R>uA°. lp, A° bû^¨^p]$pfu S> R>°. Qgph_pf [°d_u L$dpZu dpV°$ S> Qgph° R>° A° Mfy¨, `Z dpbp`p°_° ≈°C[uQuS> - ºhp∑rgV$uhpmy¨ rinZ [p° A° Ap`° R>° S>, A°d Ap `yı[L$_p g°ML°$ ≈[° [`pku_°≈°ey¨ R>°, [p° kfL$pfu ipmpAp°dp¨ rinZ MpX°$ Ney¨ R>°, [° `Z ≈[[`pk\u [°dZ° ≈°ey¨ R>°.

'The Beautiful Tree' - Ap `yı[L$ A¨N°_p° Ap g°M hp¨Q[p¨ [° Ap`Zu kpd°OZp rhQpfZue ‚Òp° Ecp L$f° R>°. A°Z° S>° hpı[rhL$ rQ” fS|> L$eyØ R>° [° [p° Ap`Z° ≈°ey¨,`Z cpf[_° R>p°X$u_° ]y$r_ep_p° L$p°C ]°$i [°_u p°[p_u cpjp-dp[©cpjp_° R>p°X$u Afie cpjp_°rinZ_y¨ dp›ed b_ph° R>° Mfp° ? A° hp[ kpQu R>° L°$ Ap`Zp ]°$idp¨ A¨N∞°≈°A° 150-200 hjÆ fpƒe L$eyØ [° L$pfZ° Ap`Zp° 1-2% D`gp° hNÆ A¨N∞°∆ dp›ed\u cŒep° _° A° S>ipkL$ bfiep°. [°Z° S>° Apbp°lhp Ecu L$fu [°_u kpdpfie dp_hu_p d_ D`f `X°$gu ApR>bu R>°. hmu ApS>_p ipkL$p°A° `Z A° S|>_u A¨N∞°∆ kÎ[_[_u - NygpduL$pm_u _ur[ıh[¨” cpf[dp¨ `Z Qpgy fpMu R>° [°_u Ap dp°L$pZ R>°.

dp-bp`p°_° gpN° R>° L°$ [°Ap° [p° tS>]$Nu ApMu h•[fy¨ L|$V$u dfu Nep¨. lh° R>p°L$fp¨_°KQp `Npf_u _p°L$fu dmu ≈e [p° A°d_y¨ [p° cgy¨ \i° _° ? `Z rhQpfhy¨ A° ≈°CA° L°$ ApNfub hNÆ_p¨ A¨N∞°∆ dp›eddp¨ cZ°gp¨ bpmL$p° •L$u L°$V$gp¨ D√Q rinZ d°mhu A°hu KQp`Npf_u _p°L$fu d°mhu iL$i° ? 1-2% `Z Mfp¨ ? [p° bpL$u_p¨ S>° h√Q°\u fhX$u-fTmuS>i° [°d_y¨ iy¨ ? [°d_° kfMy¨ ‚p\rdL$-dp›erdL$ rinZ dm° _° `R>u A°hy¨ ÏephkpreL$rinZ dm° L°$ S>° A°d_° Ïehkpe_p n°”dp¨ L°$ ıhfp°S>Npfu_p n°”dp¨ L$pd Ap`° [°hy¨ L$fhp_uS>Í$f _\u iy¨ ?

bpL$u ]y$r_epcf_p rinZip˜uAp° bp`p°L$pf L$l° R>° L°$ rinZ_y¨ dp›ed [p°dp[©cpjp S> lp°e. cg° Ap`Zu rhi°j `qfsı\r[_° L$pfZ° Ap`Z° Apf¨c_p¨ 4 hjÆdp¨dp[©cpjp_p° `pep° `pL$p° L$fu ^p°fZ 5p¨Q\u A¨N∞°∆_° ≈°qX$epcpjp [fuL°$ bfpbf-bfpbfiuMhuA° A_° ApNm S>[p¨ D√QrinZL$npA° S>°_° ı`°Ìeg A¨N∞°∆ kp\° N∞∑ƒeyA°V$ L°$

`p°ıV$N∞∑ƒeyA°V$ \hy¨ lp°e [° [°d L$f°. bpL$u dp_hrh¤pAp° [p° dp[©cpjp_p dp›ed\u cZ°A_° [°_p k¨]$cÆN∞\p° A¨N∞°∆_p hp¨Qu-kd∆, [°_u _p¢ L$fu iL°$ [°V$gy A¨N∞°∆ [° R>°L$ p¨Qdp\uA¨N∞°∆ cŒep¨ lp°e [p° _ `pdu iL°$ ? ≈° _ `pdu iL°$ [p° Ap`Zu A¨N∞°∆ iuMhhp_uV°$L$r_L$_u Mpdu L$l°hpe, S>° ky^pfhu flu.

Agb—, Ap`Zu ‚p]°$riL$ cpjpAp°_u kƒS>[p_p Acph° kpefik L°$ V°$º_p∑gp°∆_prhjep° dp[©cpjp_p dp›ed\u _ cZphu iL$uA° [p° A°V$gu R|>V$ gCA°. V|¨$L$dp¨, A¨N∞°∆_p°R>p°R> _ fpMuA°, `Z A¨N∞°∆_p° Ïepdp°l `Z iu]$ _° fpMuA° ?

bu∆ hp[. gp°L$iplu ]°$idp¨ f°qY$epm Qpg[u ipmpAp°_° A°d S> Qpghp ]$C,dS|>fhNÆ Z Mp_Nu ipmpAp° dpfa[° [ZpC dfu_°, Ly$`p°jZ_p° cp°N b_u_° Z R>p°L$fp¨_°Mp_Nu ipmpAp°dp¨ cZph[p° fl° [°hu ifdS>_L$ sı\r[ ºep¨ kyû Qgphu gCiy¨ ?k¨h°]$_iug _pNqfL$ kdpS>° k¨NqW$[ \C fpƒe `f ]$bpZ gphu_° A_° hpguAp°dp¨ [°d_p¨bpmL$p°_p rinZ_p lΩ$ dpV°$ [° kfL$pf_° afS> `pX°$ [°hy¨ [°d_y¨ gp°L$rinZ L$fhy¨ ≈°CA°.

Ap`Zu gp°L$iplu rhL$pk_u ‚qæ$ep_p° A–epf° k¨æ$p¨r[L$pm Qpg° R>°. [°dp¨\u S>Í$fAp rhop_eyNdp¨ `°]$p \[p¨ A_°L$rh^ `qfbmp° TX$`\u dp°V$p¨ `qfh[Æ_ gphi°.

"ÂeyV$uag V≤$u'A° Ap`Z_° Q°[Ïep¨ [° dpV°$ [°_p° Apcpf. "Mp°S>°' - bl°_ [©r·`pf°M° Ap rhQpfhgp°œ¨ L$fhp ‚°epØ [° dpV°$ [°d_p° `Z Apcpf. Ap [p° d¢ dpfu ◊rÙ$ fS|>L$fu, `Z NyS>fp[dp¨ cpjpAp°_p rinZ A_° dp›ed_p dyÿ° "Np°md°∆' ep°∆ rhQpfZpL$fhp_p° kde Aphu Nep° R>°.

qqq

Ad_° gpeL$ b_php°, l° `fdp–dp !

S>°\u Ad° ]y$r_epcf_p,

Nfubu A_° c|Mdp¨ ∆h[p _° d©–ey `pd[p

Adpfp bp¨^hp°_u k°hp L$fu iL$uA°.

Adpfp lp\p° ‹pfp [°d_° [°d_u fp°S>_u fp°V$u Ap`p°;

Adpfp kdS>eyº[ ‚°d ‹pfp

[°d_° ip¨r[ A_° Ap_¨]$ dmp°.

- d^f V°$f°kp


b° hpºep°_u Ap–dL$\pb° hpºep°_u Ap–dL$\pb° hpºep°_u Ap–dL$\pb° hpºep°_u Ap–dL$\pb° hpºep°_u Ap–dL$\pq blp]y$fcpC S>. hp¨L$

‚L$piL$_p Ar[ApN∞l\u Nyfy bSy>hpA° bkp° `p_p¨dp¨ `p°[p_u Ap–dL$\p `|fu L$fu_pMu `R>u [°dZ° Ap–dL$\p ›ep_`|hÆL$ hp¨Qu. hp¨√ep `R>u L$p°Z ≈Z° [°d_° iy¨ k|»ey¨ [°ApM°ApMu Ap–dL$\p f]$bp[g L$fu _pMu _° ‚NV$ L$fhp_p° [°dZ° rhQpf dp¨X$u hp˛ep°.q]$gNufu kp\° Ap A¨N° [°dZ° ‚L$piL$_° ≈Z L$fu ]$uû.

bu≈ S> q]$hk° ‚L$piL$ [°d_u pk° ]$p°X$u ApÏep _° [°dZ° Nyfy_° p°[p_p° Ap rhQpf`X$[p° d|L$hp cpf`|hÆL$ A_yfp°^ L$ep£. Nyfy bSy>hp bp°Îep : "d¢ dpfu f]$bp[g L$f°guAp–dL$\pdp¨\u dp” b° hpºep° `k¨]$ L$fu_° kph L$p°fp¨ `p_p¨_u Ap–dL$\p gMu R>°.' _°Ap–dL$\p ‚L$piL$_p lp\dp¨ d|L$[p¨ NyfyA° `|Rey¨ : "kph L$p°fp¨ `p_p¨ fpMhp_u if[° dpfuAp Ap–dL$\p ‚NV$ L$fhp_y¨ kplk iy¨ [d° L$fu iL$p° A°d R>p° ?'

‚L$piL$ Ap–dL$\p lp\dp¨ gC_° [°_p¨ `p_p¨ a°fhhp gp¡ep. bkp°A° bkp° `p_p¨kph L$p°fp¨ l[p¨. lp, l°gp A_° R>°Îgp p_p D`f dp” A°L$A°L$ hpºe gMhpdp¨ ApÏey¨ l[y¨.`l°gp `p_p D`f_y¨ hpºe l[y¨ : "c|[L$pmdp¨ Nyyfy bSy>hp S>°hp° cp°V$, S|>W$p°, Al¨cphu,d_p°rhL©$[, ^|_u A_° cep_L$ Nfubu A_° Of_p _pV$L$ue hp[phfZdp¨ kph rR>flrcfl\C Ne°gp° dpZk lSy> kyû dpfp ≈°hpdp¨ ApÏep° _\u.' _° R>°âp `p_p D`f_y¨ hpºe l[y¨ :"h[Ædp__p Nyfy bSy>hp S>°hp° Ly$]$f[_p° QplL$, AÊepkr_$õ$, `fNSy>, A¨[dyÆM A_° k–eD`f Ap°mOp°m \C S>_pf dpZk lSy> kyû dpfp ≈°hpdp¨ ApÏep° _\u !'

‚L$piL$_° Nyfy ‚–e° A`pf csº[cph l[p°, A°V$g° [f[ S> [°dZ° Ap L$p°fp¨ `p_p¨_uAp–dL$\p ‚NV$ L$fhp_u A_ydr[ Apù ]$uû. dp” ≈Zhp Mp[f [°dZ° Nyfy_° `|Rey¨,"kph L$p°fp¨ `p_p¨_u Ap–dL$\p ‚NV$ L$fhp_y¨ L$pfZ ?'

"L$pfZ [p° L¨$C S> _\u. dp” Ap b° hpºep°_° L$pfZ° Ap–dL$\p_y¨ h√Q°_y¨ b^y¨ S>gMpZ A◊Ìe \C Ney¨ _° A_pepk° S> b^p¨ `p_p¨ L$p°fp¨ \C Nep¨.'

‚L$piL°$ bu≈° ‚Ò `|Rep° : "Ap`° Ap Ap–dL$\p Nyfy bSy>hp_° A`ÆZ L$fu R>°. Ap`ıhe¨ Nyyfy bSy>hp R>p° _° Ap`_° S> Ap Ap–dL$\p A`ÆZ ?'

ı`Ù$[p L$f[p¨ Nyfy bSy>hp bp°Îep : "S>°d_° d¢ Ap Ap–dL$\p A`ÆZ L$fu R>° A° NyfybSy>hp - kpnu Q•[fieÍ$` R>°. lz¨ [p° A° kpnu Q•[fie_p° dp” `X$R>pep°.'

‚L$piL°$ ”u≈° ‚Ò `|Rep° : "Ap`Z° Ap Ap–dL$\p_u qL≠$d[ iy¨ fpMuiy¨ ?'

_° Nyfy bSy>hp bp°Îep : "qL≠$d[ ? qL≠$d[ fpMhu S> lp°e [p° dp” fpM≈° : k°Îa

fud°Ábqf≠N !' ("Ly$dpf', ≈fieyApfu 2009dp¨\u kpcpf)qqq

N¨NybpC l¨Ng_u rQfrh]$peN¨NybpC l¨Ng_u rQfrh]$peN¨NybpC l¨Ng_u rQfrh]$peN¨NybpC l¨Ng_u rQfrh]$peN¨NybpC l¨Ng_u rQfrh]$peq ArcrS>[ Ïepk

A°L$ S> drl_p\u Ap°R>p kdedp¨ cpf[ue k¨Nu[_p¨ ”Z dp°V$p¨ L$gpL$pfp°A°k|fk·L$_u gugp kd°V$u guû. l°gp¨ Dı[p]$ AguAL$bfMp¨ Nep, R>u L$ZpÆV$L$ k¨Nu[_pNpeL$ X$u. L°$. `À$pdg_u _°hy¨ hjÆ_u Jdf° rh]$pe \C A_° R>°â° ipı”ue k¨Nu[_p¨ NpreL$pN¨NybpC l¨Ng_y¨ R>fly hjÆ_u Jdf° Ahkp_ \ey¨.

N¨NybpC l¨Ng_p° S>fid 5 dpQÆ 1913dp¨ L$ZpÆV$L$_p ^pfhpX$dp¨ Aph°g l¨Ng Npd°\ep° l[p°. L$ZpÆV$L$_p° Ap ^pfhpX$ rhı[pf A°hp° R>° S>°Z° ipı”ue k¨Nu[_p [°d S> AfieL$gpAp°(kprl–e krl[)_p L$gpL$pfp° Ap‡ep R>°. N¨NybpC Z A° S> dpV$u_u E`S>. A°d_p¨dp[p AÁbybpC A_° ]$p]$udp L$dgpbpC ]°$h]$pku `f¨`fp_p¨ l[p¨ A_° L$ZpÆV$L$ k¨Nu[dp¨NpreL$p [fuL°$ kpfu ‚r[cp fph[p¨ l[p¨. N¨NybpC_u ‚pf¨rcL$ [pgud Z L$ZpÆV$L$ k¨Nu[dp¨\e°gu. `Z blz _p_u Jdf\u [°Ap° dfpW$u _pV$Èk¨Nu[_p ‚cphdp¨ ApÏep¨ A_° Ly$Vy¨$bdp¨D—f cpf[ue k¨Nu[_u f¨ fp A`_phhp_u hp[ L$fu_° A°dp¨ S> ApNm h^hp [pgud_uiÍ$Ap[ L$fu. A°dZ° ‚pf¨rcL$ [pgud Npddp¨ S> fl°[p rinL$ qæ$Û_pdpQpeÆ A_° ]$—y`¨[]°$kpC `pk°\u guû. `Z Ap ]$frdep_ S> [°Ap° khpC Np¨^hÆ [fuL$° Ap°mMp[p `¨qX$[fpdcpD Ly$fi]$Np°gL$f_u `pk° [pgud g°hp gp¡ep¨.

Ap kdedp¨ S> A°L$ hM[ A°d_° qL$fp_p Ofp_p_p ı\p`L$ Dı[p]$ AÂ]y$gL$fudMp__° dmhp_p° këp°N \ep°. Dı[p]$ AÂ]y$g L$fudMp¨ Ap _p_u NpreL$p_° dm[p¨ S>[°_u ‚r[cp_° ≈Zu Nep A_° A° crhÛe_u A°L$ dlp_ NpreL$p b_i° [°hy¨ dp_°gy¨. Ap_p`qfZpd° N¨NybpC_u [pgud A°d_u `pk° S> iÍ$ \C. N¨NybpC lzNgu fl°[p¨ l[p¨ A_°A°d_p Nyfy Dı[p]$ AÂ]y$g L$fudMp_ kpl°b Ly$fi]$Np°g fl°[p. qfZpd° fp°S>_u ”uk qL$gp°duV$fS>°V$gu V≤°$B__u kaf L$fu_° A°d_° [pgud dpV°$ Aphhy¨ `X$[y¨. Ap fu[° A°d_° [°f hjÆ kyû[pgud g°hp dpV°$ Aph_-≈h_ L$fhu `X$u. Ap bû [pgud bp]$ S> A°d_° ıV°$S> `fk¨Nu[ fS|> L$fhp_u A_ydr[ dmu. A°d_u [pgud ]$frdep_ A°d_p NyfycpC cudk°_≈°ju l[p. cudk°_ A° kde° N¨NybpC\u ApW$ hjÆ _p_p l[p A_° A°d_° N¨NybpC_°ıV°$i_° [°X$hp-d|L$hp S>hp_u S>hpb]$pfu Nyfy ‹pfp kp¢`hpdp¨ Aphu l[u. kp¨S>° ƒepf°cudk°_ A°d_° ıV°$i_° d|L$hp S>[p –epf° ApS>° iy¨ iuMhp d˛ey¨ [°hy¨ `|R>[p A_° N¨NybpC[°d_° NpC_° k¨cmph[p¨. Aphu fu[° A°d_p° qfepT Qpg[p°.


A°L$ NpreL$p [fuL°$_u A°d_u L$pfqL$]$w_u Apd iÍ$Ap[ \C, S>° Arhf[`Z° rk—°fhjÆ kyû Qpgu. Ap ]$frdep_ A°dZ° k¨Nu[_u Apfp^_p rkhpe L$p°C bpb[ `∞–e° ›ep_Ap °gy _rl. A°d_u Ap L$pfqL$]$w_y bep_ A°dZ° L$flX$dp¨ gM°gu A°d_u Ap–dL$\p "_pfi_pbyXy$L$u_p lpX$y'("dpfp ∆h__y¨ Nu[')dp¨ hp¨Qhp dm° R>°. A°d_u Ap Ap–dL$\p_p° ∆.A°_. l¨Ng° L$f°gp° A¨N∞°∆ A_yhp]$ "^ kp∏N Ap∑a dpe gpCa' `Z ‚NV$ \ep° R>°. ApAp–dL$\pdp¨ N¨NybpCA° blz r_Mpgk fu[° ∆h__u hp[ L$fu R>°.

N¨NybpC A_° A°d_p¨ dp[p bfi_° NpreL$pAp° l[p¨ A°V$g° A°d_p Ly$Vy$b_° r_Á_ı[f_yNZhpdp¨ Aph[y. "Nphphpmu (Np_°hpgu) bpCAp°' A°hu fu[° A°d_p° [y√R>L$pf Z \[p°.`pX$p°iuAp° `Z A°d_u kp\° bp°g[p¨ _lv [\p A°d_p qfepT_p kde° Mg°g `lp¢QpX$[p¨.Aphu bû rhjd `qfsı\r[dp¨ `Z [°Ap° AQm fl°gp¨. `Z S>°d-S>°d A°d_° `∞rkqŸdm[u NC [°d-[°d gp°L$p°_p° A°d_p ‚–e°_p° ◊rÙ$L$p°Z b]$gphp gp¡ep°. N¨NybpC_° Ap]°$i_p¨ khp£√Q pqf[p°rjL$p° A_° kfidp_ dm°gp¨ R>°. A°d_° ⁄c|jZ A_° ⁄rhc|jZ\ukfidp_hpdp¨ Aph°gp¨ R>°. Ap D`fp¨[ k¨Nu[_pV$L$ AL$p]$du pqf[p°rjL$,`l°gp° khpC Np¨ hÆd°dp∑qfeg _∑i_g A∑hp∑XÆ$ A_° k¨Nu[_pV$L$ AL$p]$du_u a°gp°ri` `Z A°_pe[ \C R>°.L$ZpÆV$L$ eyr_hrkÆV$$udp¨ cpf[ue ipı”ue k¨Nu[_p¨ dp_] ‚p°a°kf l[p¨.

N¨NybpCA° ipı”ue A_° Dìpı”ue k¨Nu[dp¨ Npe°gp fpNp°dp¨ c•fh, Apiphfu,[p°X$u, cud`gpk, `|qfep ^_pÓu, dpfhp, L°$]$pf A_° Q¨÷L$p¶k_p° kdph°i \pe R>°. A°dZ°cS>_ A_° Ac¨N `Z Npe°gp¨ R>°. 1930\u '40_p ]$peL$pdp¨ ƒepf° `yfyj NpeL$p°_y¨ S>Apr^`–e l[y¨ A°hp kdedp¨ A°dZ° cpf[ue ipı”ue k¨Nu[_° A°L$ _hu [f°ldp¨ fS|> L$eyØA_° A_°L$ kpdprS>L$ depÆ]$pAp° lp°hp R>[p¨ N¨NybpCA° ˜u NpeL$p°_° dpV°$ `Z eiıhudpNÆ L¨$X$pep£.

N¨NybpC_° b° `y”p° _pfpeZ fpD A_° bpby fpD R>° A_° A°L$ `y”u qæ$Û_p l[u.qæ$Û_p l¨Ng `Z A°L$ kpfp¨ NpreL$p l[p¨. qæ$Û_p l¨Ng_° L∑$fikf \hp\u rk—°f hjÆ_u Jdf°2004dp¨ Ahkp_ \ey¨, [°_p° ApOp[ [°d_° ∆h_cf f¸p°. lh° [p° Ap k¨[p_p°_° –ep¨ `Zk¨[p_p° R>°. N¨NybpC_° 2003_p kde\u bp°_d∑fp° L∑$fikf l[y A_° R>°âp A°L$p]$ AW$hpqX$ep\ulp∑sı`V$gdp¨ l[p¨. 21du Sy>gpC_p fp°S> A°d_y¨ lzbgudp¨ ˘]$efp°N_p lzdgp\u Ahkp_\ey¨. N¨NybpC l¨Ng_u A_°L$ f°L$p∑XÆ$ ApS>° [p° D`gÂ^ R>°, S>° Aph_pfp¨ A_°L$ hjp£ kyûcpf[ue ip˜ue k¨Nu[_p° A°L$ AZdp°g M≈_p° L$l°hpi°.

("Ly$dpf', k‡V°$Ábf 2009dp¨\u kpcpf)qqq

‚pZgpg `V°$g‚pZgpg `V°$g‚pZgpg `V°$g‚pZgpg `V°$g‚pZgpg `V°$gq [yjpf cÀ$

[°_p° ‚pf¨c klS> fu[° \ep°.

d° 1940_p° A° ^p°d^M[p° q]$hk l[p°. R>°âp L°$V$gpL dpk\u 20du k]$udp¨ bu∆hpf rh eyŸ_u `qfsı\r[dp¨ l[y¨. "cpf[ R>p°X$p°' Ap¨]$p°g_ l∆ crhÛe_p¨ b° hjÆ S>°V$gy¨]|$f l[y¨ A_° ]°$i_u ıh[¨”[p l∆ A°L$ ıh‡_ l[u.

[° kde° ”uk hjÆ_u Jdf_p ‚pZgpg `V°$g Mc° "fp°gu „g°ºk' L∑$d°fp° gV$L$phu_°Ad]$php]$\u Óu_Nf hpep fphgt`X$u_u fuV$_Æ qV$qL$V$ kp\° `©’h_u `f_p ıhNÆ kdp_rldp√R>pq]$[ L$pÌduf S>hp dpV°$ [•epf \ep. fphgt`X$u\u Óu_Nf_p bkcpX$p krl[ A°L$Ïesº[_p° MQÆ Í$. 42.50 S>°V$gp° nyâL$ \[p° l[p°. `Z Ap_¨]$‚dp°]$_u ip°^dp¨ _uL$m[pkyMu dpZkp° `•L$u_p° Ap eyhp_ _lp°[p°.

S>° eyNdp¨ cp¡e° S> L$p°C `pk° L∑$d°fp l[p A_° Mpk [p° L$p°C ^r_L$ L°$ ^|_u dpZkdpV°$ ip°M NZp[p° [°hp kde° [° ap°V$p°N∞p„k g°hp_u Np°W$hZ L$f[p l[p. A°L$ L$p°X$pL$ 120fp°g_u qL≠$d[ 14 Ap_p l[u. A–epf° [p° 14 Ap_p_p rkΩ$p_u S>°d 120 qaÎd `Z gy·\C NC R>°.

L∑$d°fp_p ≈]|$Nf ‚pZgpg `V°$g° ]•$r_L$ ∆h__u bû S> OV$_pAp°_° L∑$d°fpdp¨ L°$]$L$fu_° Ap¨[ffpÙ≤$ue R>rbL$pf [fuL°$_u øepr[ ‚p· L$fu R>°. °[-Ìepd R>rbL$gp `f_y¨ [°d_y¨‚cy–h [°d_u Mprke[ flu R>°. [° hM[_p ‚hpk ]$frdep_ gu^°gp ap°V$p°N∞p„k [°d_uD–L©$Ù$[p_° L$pfZ° S> ApS>° dp°rl[ _\u L$f[p, `f¨[y [° A•r[lprkL$ dl“h ^fph[p° k¨N∞l`Z R>°. [° AkfL$pfL$ fu[° ]$ipÆh° R>° L°$ dp” 70 hjÆ `l°gp¨ L$pÌduf L°$V$gy¨ d_dp°lL$ l[y¨ A_°ApS>° dpZkp°A° [°_° L$C l]°$ _yL$kp_ lp¢QpX$Èy¨ R>°. gp¨bp Npm° cprh °Y$u dpV°$ iÂ]$p° A_°gMpZp° L$f[p¨ ap°V$p°N∞p„k rhfp°^ _ L$fu iL$pe [°hp rhk_ue kpnu b_u fl° R>°.

Ad]$php]$(NyS>fp[)dp¨ S>°_p¨ d|rmep¨ fl°gp¨ R>° [°hp L∑$d°fp_p L$kbu ‚pZgpg V°$grhfg r_ÛZp[ R>rbL$gpL$pfp°dp¨ Z rhfg R>°. R>°âp¨ 70 hjÆ\u R>rbL$gpdp¨ kqæ$e ‚pZgpg2009dp¨ ∆h__p¨ 100 hjÆ hV$phu Q|ºep R>° A_° Apd R>[p¨ `N kpb|[ R>° [°d S> ap°V$p`pX$u f¸p R>°. [°Ap° l∆ `Z L∑$d°fp° hp`f° R>°, ûd°\u `Z V$À$pf Qpg° R>° A_° kl°S>ùmpi `X$[p `f¨[y dp°V$p cpN_p ]$p¨[ ApS>° `Z AM¨X$ A_° k°hpf[ R>°.


99 hjÆ_u Jdf_p V°$g l∆ Z ap°V$p°N∞pau L$f° R>°. 1932_u kpgdp¨ [°dZ° Ïepk¨N[fuL°$ [°_p° ıhuL$pf L$ep£. \p°X$p S> kdedp¨ [°Z° `|fL$ Ïehkpe_y¨ ı\p_ gu^y¨ A_° –epfbp]$Ap∆h_ D–L¨$W$pdp¨ `qfhr[Æ[ \ey¨.

dpQÆ 2009dp¨ S>e`yf(fpS>ı\p_)dp¨ [°d_p dp°kd_u ÷pn_p `k¨]$Nu L$f°gpap°V$p°N∞pa_p k¨N∞l_y¨ ‚]$iÆ_ ep°≈ey¨ –epf° ‚pZgpg° [°_° A° fu[° hZÆÏey¨ L°$, "dpfu hjp£ S|>_uB√R>p ApS>° `|ZÆ \pe R>°. lh° dpfu A°L$ `Z B√R>p A`|ZÆ fl°[u _\u. A°L$dpNw q]$ipdp¨]$p°fu S>[u Cf_u V≤°$C__u lz¨ fpl ≈°J Ry>¨.' Óp°[pAp°_u _pfpS>Nu_° L$p°fpZ° d|L$u_° S>ZpÏey¨L°$ "d_° dpfp ∆h_dp¨ b^y¨ S> ‚p· \ey¨ R>°.'

[°d_u `pk° X$T_b¨^ ApÎbd R>° A_° Ak¨øe ‚]$iÆ_p° Np°W$Ïep¨ R>°. [°d_y¨ L$peÆD—d ap°V$p°N∞pau |f[y¨ S> depÆq]$[ _\u, f¨[y kpdprS>L$ A_° ◊Ìe Br[lpk Z R>°. [°dp¨_p¨dp°V$p¨ cpN_p¨ ApÎbd ‚]$riÆ[ \ep¨ R>°, `f¨[y l∆ L°$V$gp¨L$ ‚L$pri[ L$fhp_p¨ bpL$u R>°.

[°d_pdp¨ bpmL$ S>°hu rS>opkp R>° A_° afu\u _p_L$X$p r_]$p£j R>p°L$fp_u S>°d M|bS> klS> fu[° h[Ædp_ nZp°dp¨ Ap°Nmu ≈e R>°. QÌdp¨ pR>m fl°gu [°d_u Ap¨Mp° ∆h_dp¨fl°gp AM|V$ fk kp\° [N[N° R>°. [° bpmL$p° A_° eyhp_p° kp\° kdp_ fu[° ıhı\[p\u fluiL°$ R>°.

[°° kfm dpZk R>°, `f¨[y Qp°Ω$k`Z° cp°V$ [p° _\u S>. iÂ]$p° L$fL$kf\u bp°g° R>°,`f¨[y rhQpfp°dp¨ M|b S> [°S> R>°. [°d_u D–kpl`|hÆL$_u ∆h_i•gu A_° ipfuqfL$ Qyı[u_y¨flıe iy¨ R>° ? S>hpbdp¨ [°Ap° L$l° R>°, "lz¨ ≈Z[p° _\u. lz¨ L¨$C S> rhriÙ$ L$pm∆ g°[p° _\u.lz¨ kpdpfie ipL$plpfu NyS>fp[u cp°S>_ S>dy¨ Ry>¨. `⁄pk_ L$fy¨ Ry>¨. ]$ffp°S> khpf° Ou A_°MS|>f_u `p¨Q `°iuAp° MpJ Ry>¨ A_° ]|$^ ùJ Ry>¨. lz¨ dpfu ≈[_° l¨d°ip¨ rh¤p\w kdSy>¨ Ry>Ä_° k[[ _hy¨_hy¨ iuMhp_u D–L¨$W$p fpMy¨ Ry>¨. dpf° OZp NyfyAp° R>°. dpfp° `p•” ùe|j `Zdpfp° Nyfy R>°, L$pfZ L°$ [°Z° d_° L$Á‡eyV$f_p° ap°V$p°N∞pau dpV°$_p ‚bm kp^_ [fuL°$_p° Dèp°NiuMÏep°. dpfp Dâ°M_ue rd”p°dp¨ b° eyhp_ ap°V$p°N∞pakÆ R>°, S>°dp¨_p A°L$ R>° A∑hp∑XÆ$-rhS>°[p rhh°L$ ]°$kpC A_° L°$[_ dp°]$u L°$ S>°Ap° D√Q NyZh—phpmu ap°V$p°N∞pau [pguduk¨ı\p Qgph° R>°. rhh°L$ dpfp° kp•\u r‚e riÛe `Z R>°. lz¨ ApS>_u eyhp`°Y$u dpV°$ Np•fhA_ychy¨ Ry>¨.' eyhp ÏephkpreL$p°dp¨ ‚pZgpg M|b S> gp°L$r‚e R>° A_° ]$iL$pAp°_pap°V$p°N∞pau_p A_ych ‹pfp ‚p· L$f°gu KX$u kdS> M|b S> ûfS>`|hÆL$ [°d_° kd≈h° R>°.[°d_u ap°V$p°N∞pau_u L$mp dl]π $Aï° S|>_p ‚L$pf_p bp∑ºk L∑$d°fp ‹pfp „g∑i_p Dèp°N hNfg°hpe°g °[-Ìepd ap°V$pAp°dp¨ kurd[ \e°gu R>°. [°Ap° ◊Y$`Z° dp_° R>° L°$ "ap°V$p°N∞pau_ukpQu L$mp „g°igpCV$, ApS>_p Ap^yr_L$ qX$rS>V$g L∑$d°fp L°$ kp^_dp¨ fl°gu _\u. [° dp”

rQ”_u Np°W$hZu, ‚L$pi L°$ R>pep `f Ap^pqf[ _\u, `f¨[y Ap¨M A_° Ap¨Nmu_u L$fpd[R>°. Ap¨M A_° Ap¨Nmu h√Q° `|ZÆ [pgd°g lp°hp° ≈°CA°. Ap¨M A_° Ap¨NmuAp°_p° L∑$d°fpkp\° A°hu ≈[_p° kyd°m lp°hp° ≈°CA° L°$ S>°\u [° L∑$d°fp_p iV$f_° ]$bph° –epf° dyMd÷p_°k¨hp]$u fu[° D`kphu iL°$. Ap b^y¨ A°L$bu≈ kp\° A°L$Í$` \hy¨ ≈°CA° A_° r_^pÆqf[ rhjeR>rbdp¨ dyq÷[ \hp° ≈°CA°. Aakp°k L°$ M|b S> Ap°R>p dp_huAp° ‚p· L$fu iL°$ A°hu Ap`fpæ$d S>°hu eysº[ b≈fdp¨ dm[u _\u. S>° gp°L$p° Ap flıe iuøep R>° [°Ap° ap°V$p° ApqVÆ$ıV$A_° r_ÛZp[ \ep R>°, bpL$u_p V°$º_p∑gp°∆_p Nygpd R>°.'

Agb—, ‚pZgpg S>°hp gp°L$p° L°$V$guL$ k|Q_pAp° Apù iL°$. "[d° ap°V$p° `pX$hpdpV°$ L∑$d°fp° DW$php° [° l°gp¨ [dpf° rhQpf L$fhp° ≈°CA°. Ap`Zpdp¨_p dp°V$p cpN_p ANpD\utQ[_ L$f[p _\u. rQ”uL$fZ (i|qV≠$N) dpV°$ S>[p¨ ANpD [dpf° L°$V$gpL$ rhriÙ$ ◊rÙ$L$p°Z(M|Zp°), ”p¨k (q]$ip), ‚r[L©$r[, f¨N, R>pep A_° ‚L$pi hN°f°_y¨ A°L$”uL$fZ L$fhy¨ ≈°CA°.dl]$π Aï° ]$f°L$ bpb[_p ANpD ap°V$p `X$u S> Nep lp°e R>°. [dpf° [°dp¨ L¨$CL$ _phufiegphhy¨ ≈°CA°.'

[°Ap° L$l° R>° L°$ "Ap_p° A\Æ A°hp° _\u L°$ [dpfp ]•$r_L$ ∆h__u D`°np L$fp°. [°_p°A\Æ A°hp° \pe R>° L°$ [d° h[Ædp_dp¨ ıhuL$pf°g L$pddp¨ A°L$pN∞[p L°$mhp°. ıhuL$pf°gp L$pd_prhjedp¨ dp” nrZL$ fk g°hp_° b]$g° Alv A_° ]$f°L$ kde° [°_° kp•\u AN–e_p L$pd [fuL°$r_lpmp°. [dpfy¨ dNS> A”-[” cV$L$hy¨ _ ≈°CA° [°d S> q‹^p A_ych[y¨ lp°hy¨ _ ≈°CA°.h[Ædp_ nZ° [dpfu kdn S>° R>° [° S> ≈°hy¨ ≈°CA°, bu∆ L$p°C bpb[_p° rhQpf _lv.fp[p°fp[ Ap hgZ L°$mhp[y¨ _\u. Ap dpV°$ [dpf° Arhf[ ‚e–_ L$epÆ L$fhp° ≈°CA°.k¨Nu[L$pf_u dpaL$ [dpf° Ap∆h_ qfepT L$fhp_y¨ ºepf°e b¨^ L$fhy¨ ≈°CA° _lv.'

‚pZgpg A°L$ ◊Ù$p¨[ V$p¨L°$ R>°. [°dZ° L$¸y¨ L°$ "hjp£ `l°gp¨ d_° A°L$ ı\pr_L$ L¨$`_u_p_hp b¨^pC fl°gp dL$p__p° ap°V$p°-`p∑VÆ$ap°rgep° (ap°V$p°-]$„[f) [•epf L$hp_y¨ L$pd kp¢`hpdpÄph°gy¨. Ap L$pd lz¨ b°”Z AW$hpqX$epdp¨ `|fy¨ L$fu iºep° lp°[. `Z d_° gNcN R> drl_pgp¡ep¨. lz¨ rbsÎX¨$N D`f S>[p°, blpf Sy>]$uSy>]$u S>¡epA° b°k[p° A_° Sy>]$pSy>]$p kde°‚L$pi A_° `X$R>pep_p° AÊepk L$f[p°. dpf° ip°û L$pY$hy¨ l[y¨ L°$ L$C F>[ydp¨ A_° L$ep kde°kpfpdp¨ kpfp° k|eÆ‚L$pi li°. d¢ ƒepf° _Ω$u L$eyØ L°$ d° drl_pdp¨ b`p°f bp]$ Ap]$iÆ k|eÆ‚L$pili° –ep¨ kyû d¢ dpfp L∑$d°fp_u b∑N DOpX$u Z _lv. dpfp Ap ap°V$p°-]$„[f(`p∑VÆ$ap°rgep°)_uM|b S> ‚i¨kp \C.'

‚pZgpg_p ap°V$p°N∞p„k ‚L$pi A_° R>pep_p D—d këp°S>__p Ly$im Ïehı\p`__u`qf`|ZÆ V°$L$r_L$_y¨ `qfZpd-dp” _\u, `f¨[y [°Ap° [°d_p Myird≈S>, Q`m A_° ep]$Npf


∆h__° ≈Z° L°$ D≈Nf L$fu f¸p R>°.

‚pZgpg_° rhfg ‚L$pf_u Ïesº[ [fuL°$ AgN `pX$_pfu [°d_u bu∆ A°L$Mprke[dp¨ 70 hjÆ L$f[p¨ h^pf° hjp£\u _°N°qV$h_p c¨X$pf_u kpQhZu A_° ≈mhZu_uV°$h R>°. [° A°L$ukp\° cpf[_p¨ rhL$pk A_° kpdprS>L$ `qfh[Æ__y¨ b©l]π$ ]$ı[ph°∆L$fZ R>°.

Ap L©$r[Ap° TX$ù A_° ‚Nr[iug f¨Nu_ ap°V$p°N∞pau kpd° °[-Ìepd ap°V$p°N∞pau_uL$gp khp£√Q ı\p_ ≈mhu fpMhp_u V$Ω$f g°hp L©$[r_Úeu lp°e [°d gpN° R>°. ApS>° °[-Ìepd ap°V$p°N∞pau `fprS>[ \C lp°hp_p° ‚hpl hl°[p° \ep° R>° A_° OZp¨ il°fp°dp¨ °[-Ìepdap°V$pAp° ^p°hp_p, X°$hg` L$fhp_p A_° r‚fiV$ L$pY$hp dpV°$_p ıVy$qX$ep° `Z _\u f¸p.

‚pZgpg `V°$g_p¨ rQ”p° hjp£ `l°gp¨ BsÁ`qfeg L$p∑g°S> Ap∑a kpefik A∑fiX$V°$º_p∑gp°∆_p A°‡gpCX$ ‚L$pirh¤p_p rb∞qV$i ‚p°a°kf X$ÂÎey. X$u. fpCV°$ L$Î`°gu °[-Ìepdap°V$p°N∞pau_p ‚cy–h_u L$ur[Æ_u DS>hZu L$fu f¸p¨ R>°. [°dZ° ı`^pÆ–dL$ k|fdp¨ S>ZpÏey¨ L°$°[-Ìepd ap°V$p°N∞p„k f¨Nu_ rQ”p° L$f[p¨ ‚°nL$_° h^pf° kpfu hpı[rhL$[p_p° A_ych L$fphi°.

Ap hjp£ ]$frdep_ ‚°nL$p°A° `p°[p_u f¨Nu_ dprl[u_° °[-Ìepd ap°V$p°N∞pa-ıhÍ$`°dp°L$ghp_y¨ iuMu gu^y¨ R>°. f¨N_u d]$]$\u [d° hpı[rhL$[p_u h^pf° _∆L$ `lp¢Qu iL$p°,`f¨[y h^pf° _∆L$ S>[p¨ A° hpı[rhL$[p R>[u \pe R>° L°$ Ap rQ” R>° A_° _rl L°$ hpı[rhL$hı[y.

‚pZgpg f¨Nu_ ap°V$p°N∞p„k g°hp\u rhdyM f¸p R>°. [°Ap° dp_° R>° L°$ °[ A_° Ìepdap°V$p°N∞p„kdp¨ h°^L$[p, rhN[_u kd©Ÿ k¨h°]$_iug[p A_° rQ”L$gp_° gN[u dl“h_ubpb[p° knd fu[° kd≈hhp_u yÛL$m nd[p fl°gu R>°. [°d_° dpV°$ Ap`Zu Apk`pk_u]$f°L$ f¨Nb°f¨Nu hı[y_° dp” °[ A_° Ìepd A°hu b° R>pepdp¨ qfhr[Æ[ L$fu sı\f ap°V$p°N∞pa_°∆h¨[ fu[° fS|> L$fhp_p° D—°S>L$ dp_rkL$ `X$L$pf fl°gp° R>°.

‚pZgpg° kp[ ]$iL$ L$f[p¨ h^pf° hjp£ ap°V$p°N∞paudp¨ rh[pÏep R>°. cpf[ A_° cpf[_pqL$_pfpAp°_u `°g° `pf\u Ak¨øe `pqf[p°rjL$ A_° B_pdp°_u \°gu cfu_° dp°cp]$pf rQ”L$pf[fuL°$_y¨ kfidp_ ‚p· L$eyØ R>°. [°d_y¨ L$peÆ ]$iL$pAp°\u Ap¨[ffpÙ≤$ue ‚kpfZ-dp›edp°dp¨‚L$pri[ \[y f y R>°. ‚pZgpgdp¨ Br[lpk_° kdS>hp_u Ly$]$f[u kdS> X°$gu R>°. D]$plfZ[fuL°$, Ad]$php]$_u kpbfd[u _]$u_p [°dZ° gu^°gp `Qpk hjÆ `l°gp¨_p ap°V$p°N∞p„k_uhp[ gCA°. [°Ap° [f[ S> r_hk_[¨”dp¨ \e°gu `X$[u_p° ◊Ìe Al°hpg fS|> L$fu ]°$i°.A\hp [p° `f¨`fpN[ M°[uL$pd L$f[p `V°$g Ly$Vy¨$b_u R>°âp¨ `Qpk hjÆ_u gî‚\p_u‚r[dpAp°_u hp[ gp°. [°Ap° hjp£ ]$frdep_ fu[qfhp°≈°, `l°fh°i, hgZp° A_° h[Æ_p°dp¨

ûd°ûd° \e°gp¨ `qfh[Æ__° QdL$ph° R>°.

A°d_u he_p dp°V$p cpN_p gp°L$p°, ≈° ∆h¨[ lp°e [p°, `\pfuhi Ahı\pdp¨ lp°e.Afie Ak¨øe gp°L$p° [°d_p¨ ÏephkpreL$ kp^_p° L$p°fpZ° d|L$u h©Ÿ–h_u r_bÆm[pdp¨ X|$buNep lp°e R>°. ‚pZgpg° `p°[p_p ∆h__y¨ Afih°jZL$peÆ [° S> Ly$[|lg A_° fp°dp¨Q_u cph_pkp\° Qpgy fpøey¨ R>° L°$ S>°_p\u ‚°fpC_° Ad]$php]$_u Áeyr_rk`g ‚p\rdL$ ipmp_p rinL$[fuL°$_u _p°L$fu_° ‚\d hM[ r[gpS>¨rg Apù.

≈fieyApfu 1, 1910_p fp°S> S>fid°gp ‚pZgpg_y ∆h_ kÖjÆ |ZÆ f y, f¨[y [°d_pÏesº[–h `f gpNZulu_[p_y¨ L$p°C rQå ≈°hp dm[y¨ _\u. gp¨bp _pL$hpmp°, `Quk V$L$p‚L$pi OV$pX$u _p¨M° [hp Np°NÎk L$pQ_u `pR>m QdL$[u Ap¨Mp° ^fph[p°, D–kplu A_°l¨d°ip¨ dfL$dfL$ lk[p° Ap dpZk R>°. d|m ≈d_Nf rS>âp_p fl°hpku [°d_p Ly$Vy¨$b_y¨lpgdp¨ h[_ kp•fpÙ≤$_p D`g°V$p [pgyL$p_y¨ L$p°gL$u Npd R>°. [°Ap° [°d_p dpdp_° –ep¨ ER>epÆA_° Ly$Vy¨$b_° d]$]$Í$` \hp Ad]$php]$dp¨ `fQ|fZ _p°L$fuAp° L$fu. [°dZ° Mpfu tkN, kp°X$p[\p gvby-ifb[ S>°hp¨ W¨$X$p¨ ùZp¨_y¨ h°QpZ rhºV$f rk_°dplp∑g `pk°_p azhpfp `pk° A°q]$hkp°dp¨ L$f°gy¨. kp\°kp\° Ad]$php]$dp¨ h[Ædp_`”p°_y¨ rh[fZ `Z Of°Of° L$eyØ, S>°dp¨ A°L$kde_y h[Ædp_`” - Np¨ u∆_p "_h∆h_'_p° Z kdph°i \[p° l[p°. A°d_p bpm`Z_°ep]$ L$f[p¨ ‚pZgpg S>Zph° R>°, "Aphy¨ b^y¨ lp°hp R>[p¨ `Z iÍ$Ap[\u S> lz¨ A°L$ [°S>ıhuR>p°L$fp° l[p° L°$ S>°_° ‚p\rdL$ ipmpdp¨ `l°gp ^p°fZ\u L°$V$gp¨L$ hjp£ Ap°m¨Nu S>hp_u [L$dm°gu. d¢ dpfu ipmp¨[ `funp `pk L$fu. (A° ≈°L°$ rinZ_u dp›erdL$ L$np_u ipmp¨[`funp _lp°[u, `f¨[y ‚p\rdL$ [bΩ$p_u l[u. Apd R>[p¨ A° q]$hkp°dp¨ A° rinZ \p°X$uL$gpeL$p[ NZp[y¨.) lz¨ ‚p\rdL$ ipmpdp¨ rinL$ bfiep°, S>°_p° ‚pf¨rcL$ `Npf Í$. 15 l[p°.kp\°kp\° h^pfpdp¨ A°L$-b° V$Èyi_p° `Z l[p¨.'

`f¨[y, ‚pZgpg ep]$ L$f° R>°, A°d_° L$iy¨L$ L$fhp_u _°d l[u - L¨$CL$ _hy¨ ky¨]$f L$fhp_uM°h_p L°$ S>°\u [°d_° gp°L$p° ep]$ L$f°.

"1932dp¨ ƒepf° dpfp lp\dp¨ A°L$ bp∑ºk L∑$d°fp ApÏep° –epf° dpfu Ap dl“hpL$p¨npd_° ap°V$p°N∞pau_p k¨`LÆ$dp¨ gC Aphu. ‚pf¨rcL$ hjp£dp¨ L$_Æg bmh¨[ cÀ$ L°$ S>°Ap° `p°[° S>ap°V$p°N∞pau_u L$mpdp¨ M|b S> dprlf l[p, [°d_u `pk°\u Oœ¨ iuøep°.' [°dZ° ºepf°e ]$php°_\u L$ep£, `f¨[y ‚pZgpg `pk° ◊Ìe_y¨ klS> fu[° S> A°L$”uL$fZ L$fhp_u S>fid≈[ brnklp°hu ≈°CA° A_° –epfbp]$ [°_° ep°¡e `qf‚°ˇedp¨ `L$X$u `pX$u_° A¨[Úny\u ≈°[p lp°hp≈°CA°. ‚p\rdL$ rinL$ [fuL°$_u afS> b≈h[p l[p –epf° `Z [°dZ° dp•rgL$ ap°V$p°N∞paf[fuL°$_u L$pdNufu_p° ‚pf¨c L$ep£. A°L$ QuhV$`|ZÆ _p¢^`p°\ug°ML$ [fuL°$ ‚pZgpg° 1937dp¨


_p¢^ L$f°gu R>° L°$ [° hj£ ap°V$p°N∞pau ‹pfp [°Ap°A° Í$. 710_u AphL$ L$fu. 1938dp¨ Ap Ap¨L$X$p°L|$]$u_° Í$. 1,241 \ep°. ApS>_p ∆h_^p°fZ ‚dpZ° Ap Ap¨L$X$p° h^pf° _ gpN°, Z ‚pZgpg°fd|S>dp¨ _p¢^ L$fu R>° L°$ "A° q]$hkp°dp¨ Í$rèp° ApV$gp° kı[p° _ l[p°.'

‚pZgpg ıdfZp° hpNp°m[p¨ L$l° R>° L°$ "lz¨ dpfu ≈[ kp\° S> QQpÆ L$f[p° l[p° L°$ dpf°rinL$ [fuL°$ Qpgy fl°hy¨ ≈°CA° L°$ d_° `Ncf Ecp° fpMu iL°$ [°hy¨ L¨$CL$ L$fhy¨ ≈°CA° ?rQ”L$mp_p Ap ‚pf¨rcL$ [bΩ$pdp¨ frhi¨L$f fphm_u ıL|$g Ap∑a apC_ ApVÆπ$kdp¨ A° ≈°hpdpV°$ S>[p° l[p° L°$ L$]$pQ [° dpfu ∆h_‚Zpgu b_u flu lp°e. d_° A°d gpN° R>° L°$ [° 1938-'39_u Apk`pk_p° kde l[p° L°$ ƒepf° d_° rhøep[ ap°V$p°N∞paf Aprb]$ k•e]$ Ap∑a pg_ yf‹pfp g°hpdp¨ Aph°g L$pÌduf_p ap°V$p°N∞p„k_y¨ ‚]$iÆ_ ≈°hp_u [L$ dmu. dpfy¨ dNS> ≈Z° L°$hiuL$fZ_u Ahı\pdp¨ Aphu Ney. dpf° Z fdZue k©rÙ$kp¶]$eÆ, Ly$]$f[u ◊Ìep°, rldp√R>pq]$[riMfp°, ûfN¨cuf ∆h_‚Zpgu A_° Í$`L$X$p L$pÌdufu gp°L$p°_° ap°V$p°‰°ddp¨ dY$u g°hp¨ l[p¨.'

Aprb]$ eyhp_ dpZkp°_° k˘]$e[p\u kp¨cm[p° l[p° A_° [°d_° dp” ‚p°–kprl[S> _ L$epÆ, `f¨[y L$p°X$pL$_p dpZkp°_° rhæ°$[p_p cph° qaÎd Ap`hp_u cgpdZ L$fhp_y¨hQ_ `Z Ap‡ey¨. dy¨bC A_° Ad]$php]$_p ”Z rd”p° ‚pZgpg_u kp\° L$pÌduf_u kafdp¨≈°X$php kld[ \ep. [°Ap° dykpafu_p° ‚pf¨c L$f° [° l°gp¨ A°hy L¨$CL$ bfiey L°$ S>°Z° ‚pZgpg_°

|ZÆL$pgu_ ap°V$p°N∞paf \hp_u afS> `pX$u.

S|>_u ıd©r[ [p∆ L$f[p¨ ‚pZgpg L$l° R>°, "A°L$ q]$hk dp]$g`yf Áeyr_rk`g ıL|$gdp¨^p°fZ ”Z_p rh¤p\wAp°_° lz¨ NyS>fp[u rhje iuMh[p° l[p°. fpb°[p dyS>b dpfu Myfiu`pR>m L∑$d°fp V$vNp[p° l[p°. Áeyr_rk`g hluhV$u Ap∑qakdp¨\u A°L$ r_funL$ r_funZ dpV°$Aphu lp¢√ep. dpfu Ó°õ$ ‚°fZpd|r[Æ r_lpmu A_° |Rey¨, "Ap iy¨ R>° ? d¢ [°d_° rh_d∞[p\uL$¸y¨ L°$ [° L∑$d°fp R>°. [°_p ‚r[cphdp¨ r_funL°$ dp°V°$\u ‚–ey—f Ap‡ep°, ≈° [d_° ap°V$p°N∞pauA_° L∑$d°fp_p° ApV$gp° b^p° ip°M lp°e [p° Np¨û fp°X$ `f A°L$ ıVy$qX$ep° Mp°gu ]$p°. A°L$ Ap]$iÆrinL$ dpV°$ Aphu hı[y bfp°bf _\u.' lz¨ ApOp[\u q]$¡d|Y$ b_u Nep°.

‚pZgpg [° ApMu fp[ KOu iºep _lv. hm[u khpf° [°Ap° _p°L$fu R>p°X$u f¸p R>°[°d S>Zphhp dpV°$ [°d_p ApQpeÆ `pk° Nep. "lz¨ AkÊe qV$‡`Zu\u Mmcmu Nep° l[p°.d_° rhpk l[p° L°$ ap°V$p°N∞pau_u AphL$dp¨\u NyS>fp_ Qgphhp_y¨ dpf° dpV°$ iºe b_i°.kpdprS>L$ A_° kfL$pfu L$peÆæ$dp°_u ap°V$p°N∞paudp¨\u ]$f drl_° Í$.200-00_u `|fL$ AphL$ lz¨kl°gpC\u d°mhu g°[p° l[p°. ApV$gu fL$d dpfp ∆h_r_hpÆl dpV°$ `|f[u l[u.'

Ap eyhp_ dpZk L°$ S>° fphgt`X$u \C_° d° 1940dp¨ Óu_Nf Nep° [°Z° MuZ‚]°$idpÄ°L$ drl_p° rh[pÏep°. Afie hı[yAp°_u kp\° Óu_Nfdp¨ ]$ffp°S>_p Í$.2-50 S>°hp° iplu

MQÆ L$fu_° ”Z q]$hk riL$pfpdp¨ f¸p A_° –epfbp]$ ApNm ‚epZ L$eyØ. ˘]$e_u ^X$L$_\¨cphu ]°$ [°hp L$pÌduf_p k©rÙ$kp¶]$eÆ A_° ı\pr_L$ gp°L$p°_p ap°V$p `pX$hpdp¨ q]$hk Ïe[u[\C S>[p°.

[°Ap° `l°gNpd A_° ]|$fky]|$f NpdX$pÄp°, `hÆ[p°_p Y$p°mph, `pZu_p ^p°^ A_°fdZue MuZ‚]°$idp¨ - ]$f°L$ S>¡epA° afu h˛ep. –ep¨ R> Ap_pdp¨ A°L$kp° AMfp°V$ Mfu]$uiL$p[p l[p. Ap°l, [° A°L$ drl_p° [p° ≈Z° L°$ ıhNÆdp¨ fl°hp_p° glphp° d˛ep°.

‚pZgpg L$l° R>° L°$ "Ad° –ep¨ S>° ≈°ey¨ [° iÂ]$p° L°$ rQ” ‹pfp hZÆhu _ iL$pe [°hy¨ R>°.[° °[-Ìepd ap°V$p°N∞pau A_° ep¨r”L$ L∑$d°fp_p° eyN l[p° L°$ S>°dp¨ ap°V$p° L$gpL$pf_° d]$]$Í$` \hpL$p°C`Z ≈[_u V°$º_p∑gp°∆ D`gÂ^ _ l[u. d¢ Ap depÆ]$pAp° kp\° L$pÌduf_p kp¶]$eÆ_y¨‚pNV$È L$f[p¨ xx qaÎd_p 50 fp°gdp¨ rQ”p° gu^p¨. Ap fp°g Óu_Nfdp¨ ı\pr_L$ ıVy$qX$ep°dp¨^p°hpdp¨ ApÏep. Ad]$php]$ Aphu_° [°_u dp°V$u R>rbAp° L$pY$hp_p° ‚pf¨c L$ep£. rd”p° A_°Afie gp°L$p° S>°dZ° Ap ap°V$p ≈°ep [°Ap° ""Ap°l ! hpD ! L$Î`p_p[u[ ! A]π$cy[ ! b°_d|_ !''S>°hp iÂ]$p° `p°L$pfu EW$Èp. bmh¨[ cÀ°$ d_° fpÙ≤$ue A_° Ap¨[ffpÙ≤$ue kpdreL$p°dp¨ AprQ”p° dp°L$ghpdp¨ M|b S> d]$]$ A_° dpNÆ]$iÆ_ Apù_° rhøep[ rQ”L$pf [fuL°$_u _pd_p‚p· L$fphu. L$pÌdufdp¨ Npm°gp A° 30 q]$hkp° dpfp° dpV°$ kyhZÆL$pm b_u f¸p. lz¨ l∆ A°L$hM[ L$pÌduf S>hp_u [uh∞ B√R>p ^fphy¨ Ry>¨ A_° ApS>° [° S>°hy¨ ]°$Mpe R>° [°hy¨ TX$ù g°hpdpNy¨ Ry>¨.'

hpep L$pÌduf_p° dpNÆ ‚pZgpg_p ∆h_dp¨ ap°V$p°N∞pau_p n°”dp¨ _kubh¨[y kudprQåb_u f¸p°. ]°$i A_° rh]°$idp¨ k¨øepb¨^ S>_ÆÎkdp¨ Ahpf_hpf [°d_p¨ rQ”p° ‚NV$ \ep¨.gpNZuiug A_° kdr`Æ[ rhfg ap°V$p°N∞paf [fuL°$ h^y _° h^y øep[_pd \hpdp¨ [°dZ°ºepf°e `pRy>¨ hpmu_° ≈°ey¨ _\u. [°dZ° ]°$i-kdı[dp¨ `yÛL$m `qfc∞dZ ‹pfp `Qpk_p]$iL$dp¨ Ál•k|f_p fpS>hu Ly$Vy¨$b_p A_° fpS>L$p°V$_p fpS>hu Ly$Vy¨$b_p gî‚k¨N_p `Z ap°V$pTX$‡ep. [°d_u `pk° il°fp°, ]y$ÛL$pm, ‚pL©$r[L$ kp¶]$eÆ A_° gp°L$p°_p rhfg ap°V$p°N∞p„k_p° cX$pf`X°$gp° R>°.

cpf[_p gp°M¨X$u `yfyj kf]$pf hâccpC `V°$g ƒepf° ‚pf¨c_p¨ hjp£dp¨ _Nf`r[l[p –epf_u [°d_u Ad]$php]$_u ]$f°L$ dygpL$p[ kde° `pX°$gp ap°V$p°N∞p„k `pqf[p°rjL$_ulpfdpmp kdp rhipm ap°V$p°k¨N∞lp°_p¨ ApÎbd [°d_u `pk° R>°. [°d_u dygpL$p[p° A°V$guıhpcprhL$ l[u L°$ ƒepf° S|>_pNY$_y fS>hpXy$ _hpbu ipk_dp¨\u dyº[ \C_° L°$fi÷ue ipk_dp¨kpd°g \ey¨ A_° kf]$pf `V°$g S|>_pNY$ Aphu `lp¢√ep –epf° ‚pZgpg –ep¨ il°fdp¨ lpS>fl[p. [°dZ° ‚pZgpg_° AphL$pf[p¨ L$¸y¨ L°$ "ƒepf° lz¨ Aphy¨ –epf° [y¨ `Z Aph° S> R>°. iy¨ [y¨


dpfp° ùR>p° L$f[p° fl° R>° ? iy¨ [y¨ Aphy¨ _\u L$f[p° ?' "cpf[ R>p°X$p°' Ap¨]$p°g_ ]$frdep_‚pZgpg° OZp ap°V$p `pX$Èp. [°dZ° `pX°$gp ap°V$pAp°\u R>p`pÄp° A_° d∑N°rT_ R>hpe°gp¨fl°[p¨. [°d_u AphL$dp¨ ^fMd h^pfp° \ep° A_° 1947dp¨ [°dZ° BfiL$dV∑$ºk fuV$_Æ fS|> L$eyØ–epf° Ar^L$pfuAp° ApÚeÆQqL$[ \C Nep. [° q]$hkp°dp¨ dp” dyº[ ap°V$p°N∞pau ‹pfp S> ApV$gudp[bf L$dpZu \C iL°$ [°_u L$Î`_p L$fhu `Z dyÌL°$g l[u. [°d_u _°hy¨ V$L$p S>°V$gu bQ[_hp¨ kp^_p°_u Mfu]$udp¨ [°Ap° hp`f[p.

sı\f ap°V$p°N∞pau_u kp\°kp\° [°Ap° QgrQ”p° `Z g°[p l[p. 1947 A_° 1957dp¨[°Ap°A° rhı[pf`|hÆL$ ^prdÆL$ iujÆL$ kp\°_u h∞S>c|rd_u `]$ep”p_u 16000\u 17000 aV$S>°V$gu qaÎd D[pfu. [° A°V$gu gp¨bu l[u L°$ prdÆL$ dlp–dpAp° [° ≈°[p¨≈°[p¨ S> \pL$u Nep,`f¨[y ap°V$p°N∞paf [p° L¨$V$pm° _lv A°hp l[p.

[°d_p¨ `–_u ]$de¨[u, [°d_p° `y” Ap_¨]$, [°d_u b° `y”uAp° A_° `p•”p° b^p¨ S>ap°V$p°N∞pau_p n°”dp¨ `X°$gp¨ R>°. ]$de¨[u Ap`k|T\u [•epf \e°gu A°hu "X$pLÆ$Í$d' ≈]|$NfZuR>° L°$ S>°Z° `p°[p_p lı[-L$p•iÎe ‹pfp M|b S> Tp¨Mp `X$u Ne°gp ap°V$p°N∞p„k_° ^p°C, X$°hg`L$fu R>pù_° bQphu gu^p R>°. [° A°L$ ‚L$pf_u _p¢^fnL$ `Z l[u.

gNcN 40 hjÆ ANpD ƒepf° fpZu A°guTpb°\ Ad]$php]$ ApÏep¨ –epf° fpƒekfL$pf_° kp°d_p\ d¨q]$f_p S|>_p ap°V$pAp°_u 100 S>°V$gu _L$g_u S>Í$f l[u. dprl[u-Ar^L$pfu d_ycpC r”h°]$u ƒepf° [°d_p ıVy$qX$ep°-L$d-fl°ZpL$ D`f ApÏep –epf° ‚pZgpgO°f lpS>f _ l[p. ]$de¨[uA° Ar^L$pfuÓu_° `p¨Q rdr_V$ fpl ≈°hp L$¸y¨ A_° [° ]$frdep_k¨cpm`|hÆL$ QuhV$\u kpQhu fpM°gu _°N°qV$h ip°û L$pY$u. bu∆ ]$k rdr_V$dp¨ S|>_p ap°V$p_uApb°lb _L$g gC_° X$pLÆ$Í$d_u blpf Aphu. kfL$pf° khpf `X$[p¨ ANpD 100 _L$g ‚p·L$fu guû. \p°X$p¨ hjp£ ANpD ‚pZgpg_p ∆h_dp¨ dp°V$p° i|fiephL$pi k∆Æ_° [°Z° Ap]y$r_ep_u rh]$pe guû. [°d_p° `p•” A–epf° Ap kN∞l_u ≈mhZu fpMhp_y L$pd kcpm° R>°.

ApS>° ‚pZgpg `|ZÆ k¨[p°j kp\° hu[°gp q]$hkp°_° Sy>A° R>°. [° `p°[p_u `pR>m[°d_p L$pedu ıdfZÍ$`° ap°V$p°N∞pqaL$ r‚fiV$ [°_p `]$rQåÍ$`° hpfkpdp¨ R>p°X$u S>i°. Ap dyÿp°iÍ$ \[p¨ [°d_u Ap¨M QdL$u ≈e R>°. ApS> kyû [°d_p° kpdpfie q]$hk ‚cp[_p 05-30hp¡ep\u iÍ$ \pe R>° L°$ ƒepf° [° EW$u ≈e R>°. _pı[p° L$epÆ bp]$ khpf° 09-30 hp¡e° `N°Qpg[p b° qL$gp°duV$f ]|$f Aph°gp ıVy$qX$ep° S>hp dpV°$ Of_u blpf _uL$m° R>°. ≈° ]$uL$fp° L°$Afie gp°L$p° ıVy$qX$ep°dp¨ L¨$C L$pd L$f[p _ lp°e [p° [° X$pLÆ$Í$ddp¨ ]$pMg \C ≈e A_° b`p°f_p01-00 hp¡ep kyû L$pd L$f[p fl°.

ap°V$p°N∞pau_u L$mp iuMhp_u B√R>p ^fph[p eyhp_p°_° k¨L$g__p dl“h `f cpf

d|L$[p¨, M¨[ |hÆL$ rhN[p°_° ›ep_dp¨ g°[p¨, ‚L$pi_p° ep°¡e fu[° A¨]$pS> d°mh[p¨ A_° QuhV$ |hÆL$X°$hg` L$f[p¨ A_° ‚ufiV$ L$pY$[p¨ iuMhpdp¨ [°Ap° d]$]$ L$f° R>°.

[°Ap° ifuf A_° d_\u L$pd L$fhp_° b]$g° ˘]$e`|hÆL$ L$pd L$fhp_u rldpe[ L$f° R>°.[°Ap° ƒepf° ap°V$p°N∞pau_u ‚h©r—dp¨ diN|g \C ≈e R>° –epf° [°Ap° [°d_p L$pddp¨ A°V$gp[fide \C ≈e R>° L°$ [°Ap° kde, \pL$ A_° c|M_° `Z ep]$ L$f[p _\u.

\p°X$p¨ hjp°Æ ANpD Ad]$php]$_p L$p¨L$qfep [mphdp¨ AQp_L$ S> rhipm k¨øepdp¨`pZu D`f d©[ Ahı\pdp¨ [f[u dpR>guAp°_u ]y$NØ^_y¨ ceS>_L$ ‚]|$jZ a°gpe°gy¨, `f¨[y‚pZgpg ]y$NØ^_u `fhp L$epÆ hNf ANpD\u _Ω$u L$epÆ ‚dpZ° A°L$ Mpgu lp°X$udp¨ b°kur_fp¨[° `p°[p_u A_yL|$m[p dyS>b d©[ dpR>guAp°_p ep]$Npf ap°V$p°N∞pa g°hp [mph_u bûbpSy>A° aepÆ. [°dZ° ƒep¨ kyû ep°¡e k¨L$g_ ‹pfp ap°V$p° _ `pX$Èp° –ep¨ kyû ce¨L$f ]y$NØ^_u`Z `fhp _ L$fu.

[°Ap° L$l° R>° L°$ "ap°V$p°N∞pau L¨$CL$ A°hy¨ R>° L°$ S>° Ap¨M, dNS> A_° ˘]$e\u L$fhpdpÄph[y¨ L$peÆ R>°. kp^_p° ≈°L°$ AN–e_p¨ R>° `Z [° Np•Z R>°. ]y$r_ep_p Ó°õ$ D`L$fZ hX°$ `Z[d° dp\y¨ M¨S>hpmhy¨ `X°$ [°hp¨ rQ”p° `pX$u iL$p°. S|>_p ‚L$pf_p¨ kp^_p° lp°e, `f¨[y ≈N©[dNS> hX°$ [d° kp^pfZ hı[y_° `Z Akp^pfZ dp°rl_u `dpX°$ [°hp kÿ]$f ap°V$pAp°dp¨Í$`p¨[qf[ L$fu iL$p°.'

kpdpfie fu[° [°Ap° „g∑i_p° Dèp°N L$f[p _\u A_° [°d_p A°L$ `Z ep]$NpfrQ”dp¨ L©$r”d ‚L$pi_p° [°dZ° Dèp°N L$ep£ _\u. [°Ap° dp_° R>° L°$ ap°V$p° ^p°hpdp¨, X°$hg`L$fhpdp¨ A_° r‚fiV$ L$pY$hpdp¨ kdp_ fu[° S>hpb]$pfu`|hÆL$ L$pm∆ g°hpdp¨ _ Aph° [p°ap°V$p°N∞pau_p¨ kpfp¨ qfZpdp° d°mhu iL$pe _lv. ap°V$p°N∞pakÆ_° ‚p°–kprl[ L$f[y [°d_y kyhpºeR>° L°$ "kpfy¨ rQ” d°mhhp dpV°$ NyZh—p, MQÆ L°$ kde_p° cp°N Ap`hpdp¨ ºepf°e kdp^p__ L$fp°. L$p°C`Z eNydp¨ L°$ V°$º_p∑gp°∆_p rhL$pk_u L$p°C`Z sı\r[dp¨ dp” NyZh—p S>‚rkqŸ `pd° R>°. Aphy¨ S> NC L$pg° l[y¨, ApS> `Z Apd S> R>° A_° Aph[u L$pg° `Z ApdS> li° A_° [° `R>u_p q]$hk° `Z.'

qqq

We hate some persons because we do not know them;

and we will not know them because we hate them.

- Charles Caleb Cotton


AÊepkAÊepkAÊepkAÊepkAÊepk

AÊepk dpºÆk dpV°$ _\u, AÊepk ı`^pÆ dpV°$ `Z _\u, AÊepk dprl[u dpV°$_\u, AÊepk Ïesº[_° b]$ghp dpV°$ _\u, AÊepk r_e¨”Zp° gp]$hp dpV°$ _\u. kpfuipmp L°$ kpfp° AÊepk ºepf°e rh¤p\w_° dpbp`_u A`°npAp° `|ZÆ L$fu iL°$ [°hp° b_phuiL$[p¨ _\u. AÊepk_p° dp`]¨$X$ A° bp∑XÆ$_u `funp_p æ$dp¨L$p°dp¨ Ry>`pe°gp° _\u.

AÊepk A° R>° S>° Ïesº[_° ∆h[p¨ riMhpX°$. AÊepk A° R>° S>° Ïesº[_° rh`fu[`qfsı\r[dp¨ V$L$u fl°[p¨ iuMhu iL°$. ep°¡e AÊepk A° R>° S>° Ïesº[_p¨ fk-L$p•iÎe A_°fyrQ_° ep°¡e q]$ipdp¨ Mughu iL°$. ep°¡e AÊepk Ïesº[_° lL$pfp–dL$ b_phu iL°$, bu≈dp¨kpfy¨ iy¨ R>° [° ip°û iL°$, kdıepAp°_p¨ kdp^p__° ip°û iL°$ A_° kam ∆h_ ∆hhp_y¨`p\°e b_u iL°$. kpfu ipmp A_° kpfp° AÊepk Ïesº[_° ı`^pÆ_y¨ diu_ _lv, kpfp°_pNqfL$ A_° `qfhpf_p° ep°¡e `y” L°$ `y”u ‚ı\pr`[ L$fu iL°$.

Ap`Z° kp• ApS>° AÊepk_° ı`^pÆ A_° V$L$p_y¨ kp›e kd∆ b°W$p¨ R>uA°. `qfZpd°bpgd¨q]$fdp¨ cZ[p bpmL$\u gC dpıV$kÆ L$f[p eyhp_p° AÊepk L$f[p¨ dp-bp`_uA`°npAp°\u hl°gp \pL$u ≈e R>°.

bpmL$_p° AÊepk A–epf° qfhpf_u ‚p\rdL$[p R>°. AÊepk bpmL$_p crhÛe_u‚p\rdL$[p R>° A_° AÊepk S> A–epf° Ap^yr_L$ rhdp¨ V$L$hp dpV°$ `p\°e R>°; `f¨[y iyÄp`Z° Ap`Zp¨ k¨[p_p°_° [° dpV°$ ep°¡e dplp°g `|fp° `pX$uA° R>uA° Mfp¨ ? kp•‚\d [p° dp-bp` bpmL$_p° if[u ıhuL$pf L$f° R>° : "[y¨ Apd L$f° [p° d_° Nd° A_° [y¨ Aphy¨ `qfZpd gph°[p° lz¨ [_° Ap hı[y A`phu ]$J.'

dpbp` bpmL$_° `p°[p_u L$Î`_p_p bubpdp¨ Y$pmhp kqæ$e b_u ≈e R>°. `X$p°i_pL°$ L$p°C ıhS>__p bpmL$_° Ap]$iÆ dp_° R>° A_° `p°[p_p bpmL$_° [°_p S>°hp° b_u S>hpkd≈h° R>°. dp[pr`[p `p°[p_y¨ bpmL$ `funpdp¨ Ap°R>p NyZ gph° [p° l[pi \C ≈e R>°A_° `p°[p_y¨ k¨[p_ tS>]$Nudp¨ L¨$C S> _lv L$fu iL°$ [°hp k¨[p`dp¨ ]y$:Mu \C ≈e R>°.

[°Ap° c|gu ≈e R>° L°$ dp” `funp_p dpºÆk ∆h_dp¨ kam[p A`phu iL$[p _\u.[°Ap° A° `Z c|gu ≈e R>° L°$ `funp_u kam[p A° S> ∆h__u kam[p _\u. `qfZpd°`pqfhpqfL$ dplp°g rhjp]$ |ZÆ b_u ≈e R>°.

`funp_p dpºÆk \p°X$uL$ kpfu ep]$isº[_y¨ qfZpd R>°, [°S>sıh[p_y¨ _lv. ∆h_dp¨Np°M°gp S>hpbp° L$pd Aph[p _\u. ∆h__p ]$f°L$ `X$ph `f _hp ‚Òp° lp°e R>° A_° [°_p_hp S>hpb_u S>Í$f X°$ R>°. qfZpd° hNÆM¨X$dp¨ kpdpfie gpN[p¨ bpmL$p° hpı[rhL$ ∆h_dpÖZu hpf M|b kam b_° R>° A_° hNÆM¨X$_p [pfgpAp° hpı[rhL$ ∆h_dp¨ OZu hpf`pR>m flu ≈e R>°.

kpfp dpºÆk Z S>Í$fu R>°. bpmL$ kpfp dpºÆk gphu iL°$ [p° yfıL$pfhp S>°hu bpb[R>°, `Z Ap`_y¨ bpmL$ ‚\d ”Zdp¨ _\u [p° ºepë _\u [° l[pip_° M¨M°fu _pMhp_uS>Í$f R>°.

k¨[p_p° [dpfu A`°np `|ZÆ L$f_pfp¨ diu_ _\u. k¨[p_p° [dpfu kam[p_uÏepøepdp¨ qaV$ \C iL°$ [°hp¨ „g°sºkbg fdL$X$p¨ _\u. k¨[p_p° [dpfu Apop_u A°fZ `f`pf E[f_pfp k•r_L$ _\u.

[° R>° Cf_y¨ A‹•[ kS>Æ_. A°V$g° Ap`Zu bpmDR>°f_u ApMu ‚qæ$ep_° S>fp Sy>]$p◊rÙ$L$p°Z\u kdS>hp_u S>Í$f R>°. [°_pdp¨ L$p°C L$gp_y¨ r_Í$`Z L$fhp_° b]$g° [°_pdp¨ D—d iy¨R>° [° ip°û L$pY$p°. bu≈_u ≈°X°$ kfMphhp_° b]$g° [° Aq‹[ue L°$hu fu[° R>° [° kdS>hp‚epk L$fp°. [°_° kpQy¨ S> bp°ghp_u kgpl Ap`hp_° b]$g° ƒepf° `Z kpQy¨ bp°g° –epf°rbf]$ph[p¨ iuMp°.

[°_° `•kp L°$d hp`fhp [° A¨N° kgpl Ap`hp_° b]$g° [dpfu L$dpZu `ku_p_u R>°[°_p° Al°kpk \hp ]$p°. bu≈_° dp_ L°$d Ap`hy¨ [°d iuMhhp_° b]$g° [°_p ıhdp__y¨fnZ L$f[p¨ iuMp°. [° _bmp° A_° Aisº[dp_ R>° [°d L$l°hp_° b]$g° [°_u ‚i¨kp L$f[pïuMp°. Of_p ip∑L°$kdp¨ æ$p∑L$fu_p b]$g° [°_u V≤$p°au A_° f¨Nu_ rQ”p°_u S>¡epA° [°_p¨ ‚dpZ`”p°cfph[p¨ iuMp°.

kpfp° ıV$X$uÍ$d _ b_php° [p° hp¨^p° _lv, `f¨[y Ofdp¨ [°_° fk `X°$ [°hp¨ `yı[L$p° k[[hkph[p ≈Ap°. [° S>°hp° R>° [°hp° S> [d_° ıhuL$peÆ R>° A_° b° k¨[p_p° lp°e [p° [°d_ukfMpdZu L$fhp_y rbgLy$g V$pmp°.

ƒepf° _hfpi_p° kde dm° –epf° [°_p° E^X$p° g°hp_° b]$g° [°_° gC_° blpf ≈Ap°.ƒepf° afhp ≈Ap° –epf° AÊepk A_° [°_p ]$p°jp° `f qV$‡`Zu L$fhp_° b]$g° ı\m_° dpZ[pïuMhp°. "[pfp\u Ap _lv b_u iL°$' A_° "[y¨ L$fu iL°$ [°d _\u' [° cpjp_° b]$gp° A_° "[y¨L$fu iL$ui' [°d L$lu r_Ûam[p_° `Qph[p¨ A_° c|gp°_° ky^pf[p¨ iuMhp°. ]$f°L$ bpb[dp¨d]$]$ L$fhp_° b]$g° [°_° ≈[° L$peÆ L$fhp ]$p°, \p°X$u [L$gua `X$hp ]$p°, L$pfZ L°$ kp°_p_° `Z


iyŸ \hp [`hy¨ S> `X°$ R>°.

Ap`Z° Ap`Zp¨ k¨[p_p°_° kpfu ipmpdp¨ ‚h°i A`phu, kpfu kyrh^pAp° Apù,kpfp L$p°tQN_u Ïehı\p L$fu, [° dpN° [° hı[y lpS>f L$fu, Ap`Z° kpfp¨ dp-bp` R>uA°[°hp° k¨[p°j gCA° R>uA° A\hp Ap`Zu afS> `|fu \C, "lh° [° ≈Z° A_° [°_y¨ _kub≈Z°' [°hu dpfie[p L°$mhu gCA° R>uA°. ƒepf° bpmL$ AÊepk_p L$p°C `Z n°”° r_Ûam≈e –epf° [°_p° lp\ `L$X$_pf L$p°C lp°[y¨ _\u.

ƒepf° [° ı`^pÆdp¨ `pR>m `X°$ –epf° kgpl Ap`_pf A_° qV$‡`Zu L$f_pf kp• [•epflp°e R>°, `f¨[y r_Ûam[p_° kam[pdp¨ L°$d `gV$phhu [°hu lä Ap`_pf L$p°C lp°[y¨ _\u. 50V$L$p dpºÆk gph[p bpmL$_p¨ dp[pr`[p Ap hp[ kd∆ g° [p° [°d_y¨ k¨[p_ æ$di: 80V$L$pA° `lp¢Qu ≈e R>° A_° ≈° _ kdS>° [p° 80 V$L$p gph[y¨ bpmL$ `Z 50 V$L$pA° `lp¢Qu≈e R>°.

`qfh[Æ__p° `h_ a¨L$pep° R>°, [p° Aphp°, Ap`Z° Ap`Zp bpmL$ kp\° L$]$drdgphuA°, `qfhºh dp[p-r`[p b_uA°, [°_u dyÌL°$guAp°_° kd∆A°, [°_pdp¨ Ry>`pe°gp∆r_ek_° ip° u L$pY$uA°. L$p°C`Z Ïesº[ Aep°¡e lp°[u _\u, aº[ [°_° pfMhp_u ◊rÙ$ lp°huS>Í$fu R>°.

(BfiV$f_°V$ `f\u)qqq

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In the Land of Invisible Womenby Quanta A. Ahmed, M.D.

Publisher : Source Books Inc. Naperville, Illinois.

Price : $ 14.99

Ap `yı[L$_y¨ _pd S> k|Qh° R>° L°$ kpD]$u Af°rbepdp¨ ˜uAp°_u L°$hu ]$ip R>°. Ap`yı[L$_y¨ kbV$pCV$g R>° - A Female Doctor's Journey in the Saudi Kingdom.

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ûf A_° kl_iug b_p°.

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g°rML$pA° Ap `yı[L$dp¨ S>° rhrh^ `pkp¨ ]$ipÆÏep¨ R>° A_° ˜uAp°_° "A◊Ìe' L$lu R>°[° ep°¡e S> R>°. Ap yı[L$ hp√ep rh_p ˜uAp°_u ]$ip_p° kpQp° øepg Ap`Z_° dm° S> _lv.

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cu_u kp°X$dg°ML$ : X$p∑. _rg_u yfp°rl[‚L$piL$ : NyS>fp[ `yı[L$pge k. k. d¨. rg., hX$p°]$fpd|Îe : Í$. 150.00

X$p∑. _rg_u yfp°rl[ Ïehkpe° fkpeZip˜_p¨ AÊepku R>°, f¨[y L$pÏekS>Æ_ ‹pfpdp_hd__p fkpeZdp¨ Z Tbp°mpep¨ R>°. NyS>fp[\u Ar[]|$f TpfM¨X$-fp¨Qudp¨ rlfi]$ucpju‚]°$idp¨ DR>°f \ep°. rlfi]$u A_° A¨N∞°∆ cpjpdp¨ cZ[f gu^p bp]$ `Z r`[p∆A°dp[©cpjp_p Np•fh_° p°[p_p¨ bpmL$p°_p ]$edp¨ kfidp_`|hÆL$ cfu ]$u^y¨, S>°_y¨ X$p∑. _rg_u_p∆h_dp¨ NyS>fp[dp¨ hkhpV$ `R>u L$hre”u-ıhÍ$`° ‚pNV$È \ey¨.

L$hre”u_p¨ L$pÏep°dp¨ q]$Ïe A_yc|r[_p° Al°kpk \pe R>°. L$pÏe_p° ‚–e°L$ iÂ]$k¨h°]$_p_p d|m_u kdu`° R>° A_° k–e_p° iu[ Al°kpk L$fph° R>°. L$hre”u `p°[° ˜u lp°C_°`p°[p_p¨ L$pÏep°dp¨ _pfu_u h°]$_p-k¨h°]$_p_° k|ˇd fu[° `L$X$u_° Ïeº[ L$fu R>°. X$p∑. _rg_u_pL$pÏebpNdp¨ rhrh^ f¨N_p¨ L$pÏe`yÛ`p° Mug°gp¨ R>°. [°d_p L$p°CL$ L$pÏedp¨ ‚L©$r[_p kp¶]$eÆ_p°r_Mpf ≈°hp dm° R>°, [p° ºep¨L$ hu[°gp bQ`Z_u ep]$p°_p° hghgpV$ Ïeº[ \pe R>°.

NyS>fp[u cpjpdp¨ L$hre”uAp° blz Ap°R>u R>°. X$p∑. _rg_uA° fp¨Qu eyr_hrkÆV$u kp\°k¨gî drlgp rh¤pgedp¨ [°d S> dlpfp≈ kep∆fph eyr_hrkÆV$u, hX$p°]$fpdp¨ fkpeZip˜ch_dp¨ fuX$f [fuL°$_u S>hpb]$pfucfu k°hpAp° Ap`[p¨ flu_° `p°[p_u rlfi]$u, A¨N∞°∆ A_°NyS>fp[u cpjp_u g°M_‚h©r— rhL$kphu R>° [° ‚i¨k_ue R>°. 90 L$pÏep° A_° 146nrZL$pAp°_p Nyg]$ı[p kdp_ 148 `p_p¨dp¨ gMpe°gp L$pÏek¨N∞l "cu_u kp°X$d' hp¨Qhp,dpZhp A_° hkphhp S>°hy¨ `yı[L$ R>°.

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1.1 : ıV°$_aXÆ$ eyr_hrkÆV$u, ey.A°k.A°._p X$p∑. `p°g L$ud_u rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p ıL|$g Ap∑_ÏluÎk_u ‚h©r—_u ‚–en dygpL$p[_p° ‚r[cph :

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‚p°S>°ºV$_p° [p. 19-20 Ap∑NıV$ 2009_p b° q]$hk ]$frdep_ Afie Qpf k¨ip°^L$p° kp\°bnu`¨Q ApÓdipmp, L$pmpkf([p. Qp°V$ugp, rS>. kyf°fi÷_Nf)dp¨ fp°L$pC_° kO_ AÊepkA_° d|Îep¨L$_ L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g. ‚ı[y[ dygpL$p[ A_° ıL|$g Ap∑_ ÏluÎk ‚p°S>°ºV$_u agÓyr[_p°‚r[cph Ad°qfL$p `f[ aepÆ bp]$ C-d°Cg ‹pfp S>Zph°g [° Ap kp\° e\p[\ ıhÍ$`° fS|>L$f°g R>°.

Impressions

I am very grateful to Sister Nivedita Foundation to provide us

platform to know and work with rural schools in Rajkot area to

experiment mobile learning for rural children.

With the help of Sitster Nivedita Foundation we visited the

partner School at Kalasar. The school was government-run residential

school for 120 rural children. I could see the personal touch from the

Sister Nivedita at the entrance to provide necessary infrastructure of the

school by such as computer, library and toilets for children. I was highly

impressed by the management of the school. The thing that appealed the

most was the principal chosen for this school. The principal came from

the same community as children. Coming from the same community

principal could understand problems of children, parents and families

and their social and cultural and economical issues. In addition parents


could trust him to take care of his students. Discipline in kids, value

education was thoughtful in the school. To implement discipline,

hygiene and values to lower socio-economic level kids is very different

than urban kids. I saw discipline in terms of respect to adults, clean and

neat living space and classroom. Basic life education and health educa-

tion was implemented very well in the school. Children at Kalasar

village were very affectionate and excited. We enjoyed working with

them with story-telling and also mobile learning devices.

School on Wheels project by the Sister Nivedita Foundation is

really innovative and well managed. Every week on a designated day

the bus goes to school to teach various extracurricular activities and

basic literacy skills apart from the state curriculum that wouldn't be taught

otherwise. While my visit to the center, I saw use of international books

translated into Gujarati for rural children. Educating children on topics

of the world around, new technologies are very essential and important

for children and Sister Nivedita Foundation has made huge effort to

reach rural children and educate them through innovative methods. Very

few people in the world are working with children in rural areas. This is

highly commendable.

Sister Nivedita Foundation has made a great effort to bring out

talent of rural children by conducting science and craft workshops and

projects and worked on uplift of rural children by providing needed edu-

cation, providing health camps for rural children and by funding the

schools to provide better infrastructure. The strength of the trust revolves

around the philosophy of Swami Vivekananda and Gandhiji. During our

visit to Sister Nivedita Foundation the efforts have been made on

reading books to improve knowledge and thinking. Display of books by

great thinkers showed the emphasis on value education for building better

human beings. Efforts for woman uplift and make them self-reliant and

self-sufficient by conducting courses on stitching, home management

and computers are really helpful to build better society. I could see that

Sister Nivedita Foundation focuses on value education, health

education and basic literacy and empowerment for children and women.

These values bring better future of the country and the world around.

I thank Sister Nivedita Foundation for unforgettable hospitality

and support we needed during our trip to Rajkot.

Paul Kim, Ph.D.

Chief Technology Officer,

Stanford School of Education,

Stanford University, U.S.A.

1.2 : ]$u`phgu iyc°√R>p :

‚r[hjÆ _|[_ hjÆ_p ‚pf¨c° k¨ı\p_p¨ k¨ı\p`L$p° Óud[u Djpbl°_ ≈_u A_° ÓuNygpbcpC ≈_u ‹pfp ipmpdp¨ AÊepk L$f[p¨ rh¤p\w cpCbl°_p°_p¨ hpguAp°, rinL$p°,ı_°luAp° A_° iyctQ[L$p°_° _phufie`|ZÆ ‚°fL$ k¨]°$i Ap`[u `ysı[L$p ‹pfp iyc°√R>p`pW$hhpdp¨ Aph° R>°. Ap hj£ cpf[ A_° rh_p rhrh^ cpNp°dp¨ hk[p gp°L$p° ‹pfp _|[_hjÆ ‚k¨N° `pW$hhpdp¨ Aph[p iyc°√R>p-k¨]°$ipAp°_y¨ k¨L$g_ L$fu "]$u`ƒep°r[_Ædp°ı[y[°'_pd_u `ysı[L$p-Í$`° iyc°√R>p `pW$hhpdp¨ Aph°g. `ysı[L$p d˛ep bp]$ A_°L$ hpguAp° A_°iyctQ[L$p° [fa\u `ysı[L$p rhi°_p ‚isı[-k¨]°$ipAp° ‚p· \ep R>°.

1.3 : ‚r[cp-kfidp_ [\p A`¨N rh¤p\w ıL$p∑gfri` A`ÆZ L$peÆæ$d :

rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p i•nrZL$ k¨Ly$g_p¨ rh¤p\w cpCbl°_p°_° ‚p°–kprl[ L$fhp A°r‚g-2009_u hjpØ[ `funpdp¨ Ó°õ$ NyZp¨L$ A_° Ó°õ$ N∞°qX≠$N ‚p· L$f_pf rh¤p\w cpCbl°_p°_°kfidpr_[ L$fhp_p° [\p fpS>L$p°V$ il°fdp¨ N[ hjÆ_u A°k.A°k.ku. `funpdp¨ kp•\u h^pf°dpºÆk d°mh_pf A`¨N rh¤p\w_° ıL$p∑gfri` Ap`hp_p° L$peÆæ$d [p. 06-10-2009,d¨Nmhpf° fpS>L$p°V$ rS>âp rinZpr^L$pfu Óu L°$. X$u. bNX$pkpl°b_p A›enı\p_° [°d S>r_h©— ‚p›ep`L$ ‚p°. Apf. ku. `p° V$kpl°b_p Ar[r\rhi°j`]°$ ep°S>hpdp¨ Aph°g.

L$peÆæ$d_p ‚pf¨c° ipmp_p rh¤p\wh©¨]$ ‹pfp drlkpkyfdq]Æ$_u_y¨ ı[yr[Np_ [°d S>crN_u r_h°q]$[p_° h¨]$_p L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g. –epfbp]$ ApiuhÆQ_ Ap`[p¨ k¨ı\p_p V≤$ıV$uÓubmh¨[cpC ]°$kpCA° p°[p_p ‚hQ_dp¨ S>ZpÏey L°$ ]$f hj£ k¨ı\p ‹pfp Ap ‚L$pf_p° ‚r[cp-kfidp__p° L$peÆæ$d ep°S>hpdp¨ Aph° R>° [°d S> ‚r[cphp_ rh¤p\wAp°_° ıL$p∑gfri`Ap`hpdp¨ Aph° R>°. k¨ı\p_p iyc°√R>L$p°_p ep°N]$p_\u Ap L$peÆæ$d Qpg° R>°. A`¨NhjÆ\uAd° A°k.A°k.ku. funpdp¨ fpS>L$p°V$ il°fdp¨ kp•\u h^pf° NyZ ‚p· L$f_pf A ¨N rh¤p\w_°ıL$p∑gfri` Ap`hp_p° ‚pf¨c L$ep°Æ R>°. [°_p A_yk¨^p_° ApS>° A°L$ A`¨N rh¤p\w_° `Z


ıL$p∑gfri` Ap`hpdp¨ Aphi°. kfidpr_[ rh¤p\wAp°dp¨\u Afie rh¤p\wAp° ‚°fZp d°mhuKQp° N∞°X$ d°mhhp ‚p°–kprl[ \pe [° Ap kdpf¨c_p° dyøe Dÿ°i R>°.

Ar[r\rhi°j ‚p›ep`L$ Óu Apf. ku. `p°`V$kpl°b° rh¤p\wAp°_° D]π$bp°^_ L$f[p¨S>ZpÏey L°$ ApS>_p° ‚k¨N ‚hQ_ L$fhp L$f[p¨ dpZhp_p° rhi°j R>°. Ap k¨ı\p_p ‚pf¨cL$pm°ƒepf° cp•r[L$ kyrh^pAp°_p° k¨ |ZÆ Acph l[p° –epf\u Ap k¨ı\p kp\° NpY$ fu[° k¨L$mpe°gp°Ry>¨ A_° dpfp¨ bpmL$p°A° `Z Alv AÊepk L$fu ∆h_dp¨ M|b ‚Nr[ L$fu R>° [° ◊rÙ$A° A°L$hpgu [fuL°$ `Z Ap k¨ı\p kp\°_p° dpf° _p[p° R>°. dpf° OZp L$peÆæ$dp°dp¨ OZu l°rke[\uS>hp_y¨ \pe R>°, `f¨[y Alv rhriÙ$ ip¨r[_p° A_ych \pe R>°. Alv ALy$]$f[u TpL$Tdpm_\u. bl°_p° dp” lpfdp°r_ed_p [pg° ı[yr[Np_ L$f° R>° A_° kp]$Nu\u Ap_¨]$ Qpg° R>°.k¨ı\p ‚Qpf L$epÆ hNf ip¨r[\u `p°[p_u afS> b≈h° R>°. Alv 'Silent and Thinking

Revolution' Qpgu f y R>°. A_°L Ahfp° p° h√Q° Djpbl°_ A_° NygpbcpC dp[©cpjpdp¨rinZ Apù f¸p¨ R>° A_° `p°[p_p rhQpfdp¨ AX$uMd fu[° Ecp¨ R>°. d¢ dpfp Qpf°e]$uL$fpAp°_° Alv NyS>fp[u dp›eddp¨ cZpÏep R>°, `f¨[y A¨N∞°∆ dp›eddp¨ _ cZhp_°L$pfZ° ºepë kl_ L$fhy¨ `X$Èy¨ _\u L°$ kdpS>dp¨ ºepë `pR>p `X$Èp _\u. lz¨ `Z NyS>fp[udp›eddp¨ ipmp A_° L$p°g°S>dp¨ cŒep° Ry>¨, R>[pë L$gpL$p° kyû A¨N∞°∆cpjpdp¨ A\Æip˜rhjedp¨ Ïepøep_p° Apù iLy$ Ry>¨. NyS>fp[u cpjp_° dp[p_p ]|$^ kp\° kfMph[p¨ [°Ap°ÓuA°S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ S>°d_u dp[p lep[ _ lp°e [°hp¨ bpmL$p° bpV$gu_p ]|$^ `f ∆h[p¨ lp°e R>°.k¨ıL©$[cpjp_u kuû ]$uL$fu NyS>fp[u cpjp R>°. `prZr_A° k¨ıL©$[_° k¨`|ZÆ cpjp b_phuR>°. rh]°$i_p L$Á‡eyV$f-r_ÛZp[p°A° k¨ıL©$[ cpjp_u `qf`|ZÆ[p_p° ıhuL$pf L$ep°Æ R>°. ApS>°NyS>fp[u cpjp bQphhp dpV°$ l≤$$ıh-]$uOÆ gMhpdp¨ KTp ≈°X$Zu ‹pfp bp¨^R>p°X$ L$fhpdpÄphu flu R>°. S>N[dp¨ bp¨^R>p°X$ L$f_pfp gp°L$p° `f rhpk L$fhpdp¨ Aph[p° _\u. A¨N∞°∆cpjp S>Í$f kpfu fu[° ≈Zhu ≈°CA°, `f¨[y dp[©cpjp_p cp°N° Ap _ \hy¨ ≈°CA°.

A¨[dp¨ [°Ap°ÓuA° S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ h©n_° ≈°C_° Ap k¨ı\p ep]$ Aph° R>°. S>°d _p_L$X$pbuS>dp¨\u hV$h©n b_° R>° [°d A°L$ _p_L$X$p fl°ZpL$ dL$p_dp¨ bpgd¨q]$f\u ‚pf¨c `pd°guAp k¨ı\p ApS>° hV$h©n kdp_ b_u NC R>°. Ap k¨ı\pdp¨ Qpgu fl°gp° N∞pÁe ipmp_prh¤p\wAp°_p D–L$jÆ dpV°$_p° ıL|$g Ap∑_ ÏluÎk_p° L$peÆæ$d d_° M|b S> Nd° R>°. ≈_u]¨$`[u_MriM rinL$ R>°. rinZ [°d_° d_ Ïehkpe _lv `f¨[y `|≈ R>°. gî hM[° ApS>°ApQpeÆ ‹pfp _h]¨$`[u_° dlp_ F>rj]¨$`[uAp°_p kp•cp¡e_p ApiuhpÆ]$ Ap`hpdp¨ Aph°R>°, [°d crhÛedp¨ "Djp-Nygpb_y¨ kp•cp¡e' A°hp ApiuhpÆ]$ _h]¨$`[u_° dm° [p° _hpC_lv gpN°.

kcp›en fpS>L$p°V$ rS>âp_p rinZpr^L$pfu Óu L°$. X$u. bNX$pkpl°b° `p°[p_pD]π$bp° _dp¨ S>ZpÏey L°$ [d° klz rh¤p\w cpCbl°_p° _kub]$pf R>p°, L$pfZ L°$ [d_° Djpbl°_A_° NygpbcpC S>°hp¨ rh‹p_ A_° ı_°lpm L°$mhZuL$pfp°_y¨ kprfl›e ‚p· \ey¨ R>°. d_° `Z∆h_dp¨ Aphy¨ kprfl›e ‚p· \ey¨ lp°[ [p° lz¨ ApS>° Ry>¨ [° L$f[p¨ Z OZp° ApNm hû iºep°lp°[. Alv rh¤p\w cpCbl°_p° ‚r[cph Ap`[p¨ l[p¨ –epf° [°d_u nd[p rhi° M|b S>Np•fh \ey¨ A_° Cf_° ‚p\Æ_p L$fu L°$ Aph[p S>fiddp¨ d_° `Z Ap ipmp_p° rh¤p\wb_phS>°. Alv_p ]$f°L$ L$peÆæ$ddp¨ ıhpN[, Apcpf]$iÆ_ A_° L$peÆæ$d-k¨Qpg_ rh¤p\wAp°‹pfp S> \pe R>° [° AhZÆ_ue OV$_p R>°.

[°Ap°ÓuA° S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ [°S>ıhu rh¤p\wAp°_u [°S>sıh[p L°$hu lp°e [°_p¨ ◊Ù$p¨[p°ipmp_p pW$È`yı[L$dp¨ Ap`hpdp¨ Aph°g R>°. l°gp p°fZ_p pW$È`yı[L$dp¨ S> rQ”hp[pÆ‹pfp A°L$ bpmL$ tkl_p ]$p¨[ NZ° R>° [°_u bp°^hp[pÆ hZÆh°gu R>°. Ap k¨ı\pdp¨\u `Z Aphp[pÆ_p [°S>ıhu bpmL$ "cf[' S>°hp eyhp_p° ]°$i`f]°$idp¨ Nep R>°. Ad° A°k.A°k.ku.A_° A°Q.A°k.ku. `funp_p¨ `qfZpdp°dp¨ _S>f L$fuA° –epf° NrZ[, rhop_ L°$ A¨N∞°∆S>°hp AOfp NZp[p rhjep°dp¨ 100dp¨\u 100 dpºÆk gph_pf 200 D`fp¨[_u k¨øep_prh¤p\wAp°_u lpfdpmp ≈°CA° –epf° Np•fh \pe R>°. Aphp rh¤p\wAp° Ap k¨ı\pdp¨\u`Z ≈°hp dm° R>°. Djpbl°_ A_° NygpbcpC ≈_u k¨ı\p_u blpf lp°e –epf° [°d_pL$peÆ_u rhi°j L$]$f \pe R>°. Ap ipmp_u khÆ” kyhpk A_° dfpV$ R>°. Alv cZ°gp¨ rh¤p\wcpCbl°_p° L$p∑g°S>dp¨ Ó°õ$[p ‚p· L$fu k¨ı\p A_° ]°$i_° Np•fh A`ph° [°hu iyc°√R>p Ïeº[L$fy¨ Ry>¨.

ApS>_p kdpf¨cdp¨ kp•‚\d fpS>L$p°V$ il°f_p dpkyd rh¤pge_p N[ hjÆ_uA°k.A°k.ku. `funpdp¨ kp•\u h^pf° NyZ ‚p· L$f_pf A ¨N rh¤p\w ûfS> fh∆cpCkfX$hp_° A›enÓu_p hf]$ lı[° ıL$p∑gfri` A_° `yı[L$ A°_pe[ L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g [°d S>–epfbp]$ rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p i•nrZL$ k¨Ly$g_p¨ ^p°fZ 1\u 7dp¨ 'O' [°d S> 'A++' N∞°X$ ‚p·L$f_pf [dpd rh¤p\uAp° [°d S> ^p°fZ 8\u 10dp¨ kp•\u h^pf° NyZ ‚p· L$f_pf ‚\d`p¨Q rh¤p\wAp° dmu Ly$g 69 rh¤p\wAp°_° iuÎX$, `yı[L$ A_° fp°L$X$ `yfıL$pf A›enÓubNX$pkpl°b, Ar[r\rhi°j Óu Apf. ku. `p°`V$kpl°b [°d S> Óu bmh¨[cpC ]°$kpC_phf]$ lı[° A°_pe[ L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g. N[ kpg g°hpe°g A°k.A°k.ku. `funpdp¨ k¨ıL©$[rhjedp¨ 100dp¨\u 100 NyZ d°mhu bp∑XÆ$dp¨ ‚\d Aph_pf rh¤p\w dÎlpf ≈°iu [°d S>ipmpdp¨ A¨N∞°∆ rhjedp¨ kp•\u h^y NyZ ‚p· L$f_pfp rh¤pr\Æ_u `peg cÀ$_° ipmp_p¨rirnL$p cph_pbl°_ `fdpf ‹pfp [°d_p r`[pÓu_u ıdq©[dp¨ L©$ÛZL$p¨[ `fdpf yfıL$pf\u


rhi°j fu[° kfidpr_[ L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g.

ipmpdp¨ A°k.A°k.ku.dp¨ kp•\u h^pf° 89.95 V$L$p NyZ d°mh_pf rh¤p\w `p\ÆcpepZu_° Ad|g rdÎL$ a°X$f°i_ [fa\u iuÎX$ A_° ıhpdu rhh°L$p_¨]$_p¨ `yı[L$p°_p° k°V$ c°V$Ap`hpdp¨ Aph°g.

ApS>_p L$peÆæ$ddp¨ Ar[r\Ap°_p° qfQe k¨ı\p_p hluhV$u Ar^L$pfuÓu _ftklcpCQp•lpZ ‹pfp Ap`hpdp¨ Aph°g. ApQpeÆÓu dl°icpC ≈_uA° k¨ı\p_p° `qfQe Ap °g[°d S> lpgdp¨ k¨ı\p_p bu. S>°. d°qX$L$g L$p∑g°S>dp¨ AÊepk L$f[p rh¤p\w L$filpC gpgpZu_pr`[pÓu X$p∑. fpS>°fi÷cpC gpgpZu(‚dyM, CrfiX$e_ d°qX$L$g A°kp°rkA°i_, fpS>L$p°V$ipMp)_p° hpguAp°_° Dÿ°iu_° gM°gp° `” hp¨Qu k¨cmph°g. `”dp¨ X$p∑. fpS>°fi÷cpCA°cpf`|hÆL$ S>Zph°g L°$ dpfp `y”° rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p ıL|$gdp¨ NyS>fp[u dp›eddp¨ cZu_° ‚\dhjÆ M.B.B.S._u `funpdp¨ L$p∑g°S>dp¨ ‚\d ı\p_ ‚p· L$eyØ R>°. A¨N∞°∆ dp›ed_p° dp°lS>[p° L$fhp_u S>Í$f R>°.

`p°[p_u dp[©k¨ı\p A_° ApS>_p kfidp_-kdpf¨c rhi° rh¤p\w ‚r[r_rÂp°A°`p°[p_p gpNZukcf ‚r[cphp° fS|> L$f°g.

^p°fZ-6_p rh¤p\w ASy>Æ_ [flpA° S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ ApS>_p Ap A_p°Mp L$peÆæ$ddp¨dpfp ‚r[cphp° fS|> L$fhp_u [L$ dmu [° b]$g k¨ı\p_p° M|b S> Apcpf dp_y¨ Ry>¨. AlvAÊepk D`fp¨[ ‚p°S>°ºV$-L$peÆ, lı[rgrM[ A¨L$, ‚hpk, _°Qf-ºgb, rhrh^ cpjp_ur_b¨ ı`^pÆAp° hN°f° S>°hu klpÊeprkL$ ‚h©r—Ap°_p° gpc dm° R>°. Alv NyS>fp[u dp›eddp¨D—d A¨N∞°∆_p° AÊepk L$fphhpdp¨ Aph° R>°. dpfp ∆h__p° Ap kyhZÆL$pm R>°.

^p°fZ-8_p rh¤p\w hÆ f•epZuA° S>ZpÏey L°$ Ap k¨ı\pdp¨ AÊepk L$fu_° AÊepkD`fp¨[ A_°L$ klpÊeprkL$ ‚h©r—Ap° ‹pfp dpfp° khpØNu rhL$pk \ep° R>° A_° d¢ A_°L$rkqŸAp° ‚p· L$fu R>°. k¨ı\p_p¨ k¨ı\p`L$p° `|. Djpbl°_ A_° `|. ≈_ukpl°b_u ]$uOÆ◊rÙ$_p°gpc [°d S> gpNZu A_° lä Ad_° k[[ dm[u fl° R>°. Adpfp¨ rinL$p° Adpfp khpØNurhL$pk dpV°$ k[[ ‚e–_iug fl° R>°.

^p°fZ-10_u rh¤pr\Æ_u ^pfp `V°$g° S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ Ïesº[_p rhL$pkdp¨ ipmp_y¨ Oœ¨‚]$p_ fl°gy R>°. Alv rhrh^ B[f‚h©r—Ap° ‹pfp khpØNu rhL$pk_u [L$ dm° R>°. Ap k¨ı\pdp¨d|ÎerinZ, ‚h©r—rinZ, dp[©cpjp ‹pfp rinZ A_° klrinZ `pep_p¨ d|Îep° R>°.Alv\u rh¤p\w_y¨ ∆h_OX$[f \pe R>°.

hpguAp° h[u ‚r[cph Ap`[p¨ il°f_p øep[_pd QpVÆ$XÆ$ A°L$pDfiV$fiV$ A_° hpgu

‚r[r_r^ Óu ‚azâcpC `V°$g° `p°[p_p ‚r[cphdp¨ S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ \p°X$p¨ hjp£ `l°gp¨ lz¨ dpfu`y”u_p A°X$rdi_ dpV°$ A°hu ipmp ip°^[p° l[p°, S>°dp¨ bpmL$_p° khpØNu rhL$pk \pe. d_°rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p ıL|$g dpfu A`°npAp° `|ZÆ L$f[u lp°e [°d gp¡ey¨ A_° dpfu `y”u_° ‚h°id˛ep°. ‚h°i-kde° k¨ı\p_p¨ ı\pr`L$p Djpbl°_° d_° S>° iÂ]$p° L$¸p [°_u dpfp `f OZuS> Akf \C. [°Ap°ÓuA° L$¸y¨ L°$ [d° QpVÆ$XÆ$ A°L$pDfiV$fiV$ R>p° dpV°$ [dpfu `y”u_° A°X$rdi__\u Ap`[p¨, `f¨[y [dpfp¨ `–_u aıVÆ$ ºgpk N∞∑ƒeyA°V$ R>° dpV°$ A°X$rdi_ dm° R>°. A°L$dp[p rirn[ A_° lp°riepf lp°e [p° `p°[p_p bpmL$_p rhL$pkdp¨ OZp° a°f `pX$u iL°$ R>°.

Ap ipmp_u rinZ`Ÿr[ S>°hu `Ÿr[ buS>° ºepë _\u. Alv_y¨ ]$f°L$ L$pd `rh”A_° Dd]$p R>° A_° b^p¨ L$pd [°d S> L$peÆæ$dp°_y¨ k¨Qpg_ bpmL$p° L$f° R>°. Alv `l°gp^p°fZ\u S> NCERT_p AÊepkæ$d dyS>b_y¨ A¨N∞°∆ cZphpe R>°. ‚p\Æ_pdp¨ A¨N∞°∆dp¨kyrhQpf, Ap–diyqŸ-Arcep_, d|ÎerinZ, Nyfy`|rZÆdp_u DS>hZu, L$pfqL$]$w-dpNÆ]$iÆ_, hpQ_rirbf_y¨ Apep°S>_, riı[ A_° kp]$Nu ›ep_pL$jÆL$ R>°. Ap k¨ı\pdp¨rinL$p° dpV°$ Z eyr_ap∑dÆ r_e[ \e°g R>°. N∞pÁe bpmL$p°_y¨ Archp]$_ Z Ap k¨ı\p ‹pfpL$fhpdp¨ Aph° R>° S>° Ap eyNdp¨ AL$Î‡e OV$_p R>°. Ap k¨ı\pdp¨ dpfp bpmL$_° ‚h°i dm°gR>° [° b]$g Np•fh A_° Apcpf_u gpNZu Ïeº[ L$fy¨ Ry>¨.

Ar[r\Ap°_y¨ iÂ]$p°\u ıhpN[ Ap_¨]$ h°NX$p ‹pfp L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g, ƒepf°`yı[L$Ny√R>\u ıhpN[ fpS> OpqX$ep A_° rlrd”u r”h°]$u ‹pfp L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g. kfıh[u-h¨]$_p_y¨ Np_ Aq]$r[ hOprkep ‹pfp L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g. Ar[r\Ap°_° ıd©r[rQå Óubmh¨[cpC ]°$kpC ‹pfp A`ÆZ L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g. L$peÆæ$d_° A¨[° Apcpf]$iÆ_ rldp_u ≈_u‹pfp L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g, ƒepf° kdN∞ L$peÆæ$d_y¨ k¨Qpg_ dufp¨ iyºg ‹pfp L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g.

L$peÆæ$ddp¨ _uQ°_p¨ rh¤p\w cpC-bl°_p°_y¨ kfidp_ L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g :

^p°fZ-1 : F>–hu Q|X$pkdp, Dflr[ ]°$kpC, rhp ¨Qrdep, h©]$p Ap¸p, dp_ku Ly$cpfpZp,r‚fiku ]$gkprZep, fy÷fpS> d°f, Tug hkpZu, ]$uOpÆ dp¨L$X$, dÆe O°qV$ep, h•]°$lubp ≈X°$≈,Q•[pgu R>pep.

^p°fZ-2 : A°L$[p `V°$g, r‚ep ]$phX$p, eÌhu L°$kqfep, An[ drZepf, S>°r_g `fdpf,Ar Æ[ `p¨QpZu, kgp°_u kydfp, rQ”p ≈°iu, r_e¨[p Ap¨brgep, M¨S>_ ≈°iu.

^p°fZ-3 : r_lpf ]°$kpC, rdrlf L$pqfep, sıd[ bp°fX$, Aq]$r[ Qp°V$pC.

^p°fZ-4 : ›hr_[ QX$p°[fp, fy$÷dπ ≈°iu, ]°$hpïu M|¨V$, [n `¨X$Èp, dlrjÆ drZepf, fy÷uL$√R>u.


^p°fZ-5 : k¨S>_p `V°$g, `qf[p i°W$, ASy>Æ_ [flp, ≈°N°fu ≈X°$≈, rdrg[ `¨Qpkfp,X$p°gu hkpZu, rld°i b|Q, sıd[ cÀ$, rdfg ]$rnZu, dufpgu ]$rnZu.

^p°fZ-6 : d_pgu `V°$g, Ó°ep Ap¸p, qfep bMpC, r_kNÆ bnu, r_kNÆ cÀ$, S>•rhL$]$h°, dp_u[u ]°$kpC, l°gu Np¨ u, Ly$i L°$kqfep, cp¡eÓu L$p°V$L$, cÏe dl°[p, rlrd”u r”h°]$u,drldp hpmp, qæ$Û_p h°L$qfep, ap°fd AL$bfu.

^p°fZ-7 : ›hr_ ]°$kpC, `hÆ f•epZu.

^p°fZ-8 : Aq]$r[ hOprkep, fpS> OpqX$ep, Apq]$–e gΩ$X$, `p\Æ i°W$.

^p°fZ-9 : rhp `V°$g, ^pfp `V°$g, rhr^ Mp¨V$k|qfep, |≈ [pf`fp, kduf b|Q.

^p°fZ-10 : `p\Æ cpepZu, `peg cÀ$, kpNf lp\rgep, rd[ Ap¸p, _ufh Qp°V$pC.

A`¨N rh¤p\w ıL$p∑gfri` : ûfS> fh∆cpC kfpX$hp - dpkyd rh¤pge, fpS>L$p°V$

k¨ıL©$[ ıL$p∑gfri` : dÎlpf ≈°iu, A¨N∞°∆ ıL$p∑gfri` : `peg cÀ$

1.4 : k¨ı\p_p¨ L$dÆQpfuAp°_y¨ `qfhpf-rdg_ :

rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p `qfhpf_p¨ kh£ L$dÆQpfuAp° ]$f drl_° ANpD\u r_e[ \e°gL$dÆQpfu_p r_d¨”Z\u [°d_p O°f A°L$” \C ı_°lrdg_-L$peÆæ$d_y¨ Apep°S>_ L$f° R>°. Ap‚L$pf_p rdg_\u `pqfhpqfL$ cph_p_u kp\° L$dÆQpfuAp°_p L$p•Vy$sÁbL$ `qfQe_u `Z [L$dm° R>°. R>°âp b° dpk ]$frdep_ _uQ° ‚dpZ° `qfhpf-rdg_ Np°W$hhpdp¨ Aph°g.

Ap∑ºV$p°bf, 2009 : [p. 09-10-2009. r_d¨”L$ : Óud[u h•ipgubl°_ r”h°]$u [\p ÓuqL$ip°fcpC r”h°]$u

_h°Ábf, 2009 : [p. 21-11-2009. r_d¨”L$ : Óu bmh¨[cpC ]°$kpC

rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p bpgd¨q]$fq fpS>Óubl°_ hOpqX$ep

2.1 : kyg°M_-ı`^pÆ :

bpmL$p° _p_`Z\u kpfp Anf L$f[p¨ \pe A_° kyg°M__u V°$h `X°$ [°hp l°[y\uNygpb Vy$L$X$u_p¨ bpmL$p°_u kyg°M_-ı`^pÆ ep°S>hpdp¨ Aphu l[u. r_ZpÆeL$ [fuL°$ k¨ı\p_pApQpeÆÓu dl°icpC ≈_uA° k°hp Apù l[u. Ap ı`^pÆdp _uQ°_p bpmL$p° rhS>°[p \ep :

‚\d-rhipMp X°$gphpmp, q‹[ue-rl[p\w Ap°Tp, [©[ue-dp_h k¨QprZep,‚p°–kpl_-hpZu L$p°V$L$ [\p h–kg fpZ`qfep

2.2 : bpmdl°dp_ ep°S>_p :

[p. 22-08-2009, ir_hpf_p fp°S> bpmdl°dp_ ep°S>_p r_rd—° dp°Nfp° Vy$L$X$u_pl°[p¨NcpC gpMpZu_p O°f Nep¨ l[p¨. –ep¨ bpmL$p°A° `p°[p_p° `qfQe Ap‡ep°. `¨Q[¨”_uhp[pÆ A_° bpmNu[p°_u CD b[phu. bpmL$p°_° fdL$X$p¨\u dyº[d_° fdhp_u d≈ `X$u._pı[pdp¨ c°m Apù l[u. Apcpf]$iÆ_ fpS>hubl°_ ApX°$kfpA° L$eyØ. dp[pr`[p bpmL$_prhL$pkdp¨ kpfp° fk ^fph° R>°.


[p. 05-09-2009, ir_hpf_p fp°S> bpmdl°dp_ ep°S>_p r_rd—° Nygpb Vy$L$X$u_p¨fy÷ubl°_ ]$h°_p O°f Nep¨ l[p¨. bpmL$p°A° p°[p_p° qfQe Ap‡ep°, ‚p\Æ_pNu[ A_° ]mbJrVfS|> L$epØ. fy÷ubl°_ AQp_L$ budpf `X$u Nep¨ l[p¨ R>[p¨ `Z ıhı\[p ≈mhu_° bpmL$p°kp\° dyº[d_° fdL$X$p¨\u fÁep¨. _pı[pdp¨ pJ-cp∆ A_° Nygpb≈¨by Ap‡ep¨. Apcpf]$iÆ_fpS>hubl°_ ApX°$kfpA° L$eyØ. [°d_p¨ L$pL$u dufp¨bl°_° b^p¨_° cph`|hÆL$ k–L$pepØ. dp[p-r`[p bpmL$_p khpØNu rhL$pkdp¨ kpfp° fk ^fph° R>°.

2.4 : ]mbJrV-ı`^pÆ :

[p. 07-09-2009, kp°dhpf_p fp°S> rlfi]$uq]$_ r_rd—° Nygpb Vy$L$X$u A_° dp°Nfp°Vy$L$X$u_p¨ bpmL$p°_u ]mbJrV-ı`^pÆ ep°∆ l[u. r_ZpÆeL$ [fuL°$ Óu ºeyfubl°_ ^yX$riepA°k°hp Apù l[u. dl°dp__y¨ ıhpN[ rhipMpbl°_ X°$gphpmpA° L$eyØ, ƒepf° Apcpf]$iÆ_fpS>hubl°_ ApX°$kfp ‹pfp L$fhpdp¨ ApÏey¨. ı`^pÆdp¨ cpN g°_pf ]$f°L$ bpmL$_° `°sfikgc°V$dp¨ Ap`hpdp¨ Aphu.

Ap ı`^pÆdp¨ _uQ°_p¨ bpmL$p° rhS>°[p \ep¨ :

Nygpb Vy$L$X$u : ‚\d-fy÷u ]$h°, q‹[ue-h–kg fpZ`qfep, [©[ue-fpr^L$p Op°X$pkfp,‚p°–kpl_-rl[p\w Ap°Tp [\p hpZu L$p°V$L$

dp°Nfp° Vy$L$X$u : ‚\d-luf iyºg, q‹[ue-L$pÏep fpƒeNyfy, [©[ue-dp_k `V°$g, ‚p°–kpl_-›e°e `¨X$Èp [\p `gL$ hpY°$f

kdN∞ L$peÆæ$d_y¨ k¨Qpg_ Óu S>Î`pbl°_ Qp•lpZ ‹pfp L$fhpdp¨ ApÏey¨.

2.5 : i•nrZL$ ‚hpk - `fbhphX$u :

[p. 13-09-2009, frhhpf_p fp°S> Nygpb Vy$L$X$u A_° dp°Nfp° Vy$L$X$u_p¨ bpmL$p°_°`fbhphX$u_p qV$qa_ ‚hpk° gC Nep¨ l[p¨. ‚hpk_p° l°[y A° R>° L°$ bpmL$p° ‚L©$r[-kp¶]$eÆ


r_lpm°, Ly$[|lg k¨[p°jpe, p°[p_y¨ qV$qa_ kpQh[p¨ iuM° A_° kd|l∆h__u [pgud d°mh°.`fbhphX$u_p k¨[ ]°$hu]$pk_u kdpr^_p¨ ]$iÆ_ L$epØ A_° bpmL$p°_° dlp‚kp]$ Ap‡ep°.


[p. 19-08-2009, ir_hpf_p fp°S> bpmdl°dp_ ep°S>_p r_rd—° Nygpb Vy$L$X$u_peicpC [\p Ó°epbl°__p O°f Nep¨ l[p¨. bpmL$p°A° `p°[p_p° `qfQe Ap‡ep°. eicpC

A_° Ó°epbl°_ _hL$pfd¨” bp°Îep¨. bpmL$p°A° ]mbJrV A_° Arc_eNu[ fS|> L$epØ. bpmL$p°fdL$X$p¨\u dyº[d_° fÁep¨. lvQL°$ lvQL$hp_u [\p kpCL$g Qgphhp_u d≈ `X$u. _pı[pdp¨

CX$gu-k¨cpf A_° ¢X$p [\p ifb[ Ap‡ep¨ l[p¨. kp• Ly$Vy¨$buS>_p°A° b^p¨_° ‚°d\u k–L$pepØ.dp[p-r`[p bfl° bpmL$p°_p rhL$pkdp¨ kpfp° fk ^fph° R>°.

2.7 : _pfpeZ rh¤pge, cÍ$Q_p¨ rinL$p° bpgd¨q]$f_u dygpL$p[° :

[p. 30-09-2009, by hpf_p fp°S> _pfpeZ rh¤pge, cÍ$Q\u Óu A¨S>_pbl°_]°$kpC [°d_u ipmp_p¨ Afie rinL$p° kp\° bpgd¨q]$f_u dygpL$p[° ApÏep¨ l[p¨. dp°fiV°$kp°fu

kp^_p° A_° bpgd¨q]$f_u rhrh^ ‚h©r—Ap°_y¨ ‚]$iÆ_ Np°W$Ïey¨ l[y¨. bpmL$p°A° kd|lNu[,hp[pÆNu[, ``°V$ ip∑ [\p Nfbp fS|> L$epØ. dl°dp_p°_y¨ ıhpN[ fpS>hubl°_ ApX°$kfpA°

L$eyØ, ƒepf° Apcpf]$iÆ_ fpr^L$pbl°_ Op°X$pkfpA° L$eyØ. kdN∞ L$peÆæ$d_y¨ k¨Qpg_ Óud[u∆h¨r[L$pbl°_ fphg° L$eyØ.


[p. 03-10-2009, ir_hpf_p fp°S> bpmdl°dp_ ep°S>_p r_rd—° fpr^L$pbl°_

Op°X$pkfp_p O°f Nep¨ l[p¨. bpmL$p°A° `p°[p_p° `qfQe Ap‡ep°. ]mbJrV A_° ‚p\Æ_pNu[fS|> L$epØ. fdL$X$p¨\u dyº[d_° fdhp_u d≈ X$u. _pı[pdp¨ Q°X$hp°-`¢X$p Ap‡ep A_° gvby-

ifb[ r`hX$pÏey¨. [°d_p¨ ]$p]$p-]$p]$uA° b^p¨_° ‚°d\u k–L$pepØ. bpmL$_p rhL$pkdp¨ hpgukpfp° fk ^fph° R>°.

2.9 : ]$u`-‚]$iÆ_ :

bpgd¨q]$f_p¨ c|gL$pÄp°dp¨ [l°hpf_u DS>hZu `pR>m_u q]$Ïecph_p A_°L$gp◊rÙ$_p rhL$pk dpV°$ c|gL$pÄp° ‹pfp ]u$`phrg-`hÆ_p A_yk¨ p_° [p. 12du Ap∑L$V$p°bf_p

q]$hk° ]$u`-‚]$iÆ_ ep°S>hpdp¨ Aph°g.

Ar[r\rhi°j X$p∑. qL≠$S>gbl°_ ipl° p°[p_p D]π$bp° _dp¨ S>ZpÏey L°$ Alv rinZ_ukp\° kl-ApÊeprkL$ ‚h©r—Ap° ‹pfp bpmL$dp¨ `X°$gu rhriÙ$ isº[Ap°_p° rhL$pk \pe

R>°. Aphu ‚h©r—Ap° L$f_pfu ipmpAp° blz S> Ap°R>u R>°. ApS>° bpmL$p°A° dpV$u_p ]$uhX$p,^p[y_p ]$uhX$p A_° L$gp–dL$ duZb—uAp°_° k≈hu_° ky¨]$f fu[° ‚]$riÆ[ L$fu R>°. A¨[dp¨[°Ap°ÓuA°° ipmp_p¨ rh¤p\w cpCbl°_p°, rinL$p° A_° hpguAp°_° Aphu kfk ‚h©r— L$fhpb]$g Arc_¨]$_ Apù ipmp_u ‚Nr[_u iyc°√R>p Apù l[u.

Ar[r\rhi°j_p° qfQe [\p ∞pk¨rNL$ ‚hQ_ ipmp_p ApQpeÆÓu dl°icpC ≈_u‹pfp L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g. Ar[r\rhi°j_y yı[L$Ny√R>\u ıhpN[ luf iyºg ‹pfp L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g,ƒepf° kdN∞ L$peÆæ$d_y¨ k¨Qpg_ Óud[u ∆h¨r[L$pbl°_ fphg ‹pfp L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g.

op_]$u` ‚p\rdL$ ipmpq ip°c_pbl°_ `fdpf

3.1 : ‚L©$r[-`qfQe-rirbf : ‚¤yÁ_ `pLÆ$ - fpS>L$p°V$ :

rh¤p\wAp°dp¨ ‚L©$r[‚°d rhL$k°, ‚L©$r[_p¨ rhrh^ ıhÍ$`p°_° Ap°mM°, qfQe L°$mh°,hfie∆h_, ‚pZuAp°, nuAp°, L$uV$L$k©rÙ$, rhrh^ h_ı`r[Ap°\u qfrQ[ \pe, ApS>_pkdedp¨ rhL$npA° epÆhfZdp¨ Aph[p b]$gph, ¡gp°bg hp∑rdØN S>°hu kdıep_° kdS>°,[°d_p DL°$g_p q]$ipip°^_dp¨ tQ[_ L$f°, k©rÙ$_p k¨fnZ dpV°$ ‚e–_iug fl° [°hp l°[ykp\° ipmp-L$npA° rhrh^ L$peÆæ$d_y¨ Apep°S>_ L$fhpdp¨ Aph° R>°, [°_p cpNÍ$`° ^p°fZ-4\u 7_p¨ rh¤p\w cpC-bl°_p° dpV°$ fpS>L$p°V$_u _∆L$ ‚pL©$r[L$ kp¶]$eÆ ^fph[p ‚¤yÁ_`pLÆ$Mp[° A°L$ ‚L©$r[-`qfQe-rirbf [p. 01-08-2009_p fp°S> ep°S>hpdp¨ Aph°g, S>°dp¨55 rh¤p\w cpCAp° A_° 40 rh¤pr\Æ_u bl°_p° A_° kp\° ipmp_p¨ rinL$p° Óu eo°icpCÏepk, Óu c| °fi÷cpC r”h°]$u, Óud[u ip°c_pbl°_ fdpf [\p Óu Apipbl°_ rMgp°rkep≈°X$pep¨ l[p. rh¤p\w cpCbl°_p°_° ‚L©$r[-`qfQe Apù ‚Òp°—fudp¨ rh¤p\wAp°_p rhrh^‚Òp°_p S>hpb Ap‡ep l[p.

3.2 : rlfi]$u bpgNu[ ı`^pÆ :

fpÙ≤$cpjp rlfi]$udp¨ bpmL$p° fk g°[p¨ \pe A°hp Dÿ°i kp\° ^p°fZ-1 A_° 2_p¨_p_p¨-_p_p¨ c|gL$pÄp° dpV°$ A°L$ rlfi]$u bpgNu[ ı`^pÆ_y¨ Apep°S>_ [p. 09-09-2008_pfp°S> L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g. Ap ı`^pÆdp¨ ^p°fZ-1_p¨ 29 A_° ^p°fZ-2_p¨ 19 rh¤p\w cpC-bl°_p°A° M|b S> D–kpl`|hÆL$ cpN gu^p°. ı`^pÆ_p¨ r_ZpÆeL$ [fuL°$ Óud[u ip°c_pbl°_`fdpf° k°hp Apù l[u.

Ap ı`^pÆdp¨ Ap ‚dpZ° rh¤p\w cpC-bl°_p° rhS>°[p \ep¨ :


^p°fZ-1 : ‚\d-^fp r”h°]$u [\p csº[ Ap¨brgep, q‹[ue-Apı\p bp°fX$ [\p ›ep_c|[p, [©[ue-Cp Tpgp [\p Ah^ L$_•ep, ‚p°–kpl_-l°–hu L$p°V$L$ [\p Cri[p kp°dpZu^p°fZ-2 : ‚\d-F>–hu Q|X$pkdp [\p dp_ku Ly$cpfpZp, q‹[ue-Dflr[ ]°$kpC, Q•[pguR>pep, ]°$hpïu Qp•lpZ [\p ]$uOpÆ dp¨L$X$, [©[ue-r‚fiku ]$gkprZep, ‚p°–kpl_-h©fi]$p Ap¸p,rhp `¨Qrdep [\p Myiu W$pL$f.

3.3 : rlfi]$u hº[©–h ı`^pÆ :

∆h_dp¨ hº[©–hL$mp A° M|b S> dl“h_u bpb[ NZpe R>°. Ïesº[–h_p° dl“h_p°rlıkp° A°V$g° hº[©–hisº[. _p_`Z\u bpmL$p° rlfi]$udp¨ `p°[p_y¨ hº[Ïe fS|> L$f[p¨ iuM°A_° fpÙ≤$cpjp_y¨ dl“h kdS>°> A° l°[y\u ^p°fZ-3\u 7_p¨ rh¤p\w cpC-bl°_p° dpV°$rlfi]$u hº[©–h ı`^pÆ_y¨ Apep°S>_ [p. 16-0-2009_p fp°S> L$fhpdp¨ ApÏey¨.

^p°fZ-3, 4_u ı`^pÆ_p rhjep° l[p : (1) Q>brod∂OZ H$ bm^mbm^, (2) ]rObr]MmAm, (3) ÒdmÒœ` H$ obE IbHy$X, (4) flbmpÒQ>H$ H$m ‡XyfU. ı`^pÆ_p¨ r_ZpÆeL$ [fuL°$Óud[u ip°c_pbl°_ `fdpf° k°hp Apù l[u.

Ap ı`^pÆdp¨ _uQ°_p¨ rh¤p\w cpC-bl°_p° rhS>°[p \ep¨ :

‚\d-eÌhu L°$kqfep [\p dl°f L$pqfep, q‹[ue-An[ drZepf, [©[ue-r‚ep ]$phX$p,‚p°–kpl_-S>°r_g `fdpf [\p A°L$[p `V°$g

^p°fZ-5, 6 A_° 7_u ı`^pÆ_p rhjep° l[p : (1) h_ma X°oZH$ OrdZ_| H$Âfl`wQ>a H$m_hŒd, (2) d°oúH$ Vm[_mZ d•o’ - d°oúH$ IVam, (3) ÒdmB©Z ‚Î w H$m AmVßH$, (4) odú EH$odúJ´m_, (4) OßH$\y$S> H$ XwÓ[naUm_. ı`^pÆ_p¨ r_ZpÆeL$ [fuL°$ Óud[u ip°c_pbl°_ `fdpf°k°hp Apù l[u.

Ap ı`^pÆdp¨ _uQ°_p¨ rh¤p\w cpC-bl°_p° rhS>°[p \ep¨ :

‚\d-rld°i b|Q [\p ASy>Æ_ [flp, q‹[ue-fy÷dπ ≈°iu [\p S>•rhL$ ]$h°, [©[ue-X$p°guhkpZu, ‚p°–kpl_-r_kNÆ cÀ$ [\p kd∞pV$ D`p›epe.

3.4 : Nfbp kyip°c_ ı`^pÆ :

_hfpr”-D–kh_u DS>hZu_p cpNÍ$ ° p°fZ-6 A_° 7_p¨ rh¤p\w cpC-bl°_p°dpV°$ Nfbp kyip°c_ ı`^pÆ_y¨ Apep°S>_ L$fhpdp¨ ApÏey¨ l[y¨. Ap ı`^pÆdp¨ _uQ°_p¨ rh¤p\wcpC-bl°_p° rhS>°[p \ep¨ :

^p°fZ-6 : ‚\d-rdrg[ ¨Qpkfp, q‹[ue-rhip¨[ Tqfep, [©[ue-ASy>Æ_ [flp [\p ei

A_X$L$V$, ‚p°–kpl_-rih Ïepk [\p ljÆ Ïepk.

^p°fZ-7 : ‚\d-drldp hpmp, q‹[ue-bp¨kyfu Np°ıhpdu [\p h•ÛZhu ≈°iu, [©[ue-h°]$p¨[u ipl [\p ı_°lp ≈°iu, ‚p°–kpl_-qfep bMpC [\p rlrd”u r”h°]$u

3.5 : Np¨ u∆h_ Tp¨Mu `funp :

NyS>fp[ rh¤pùW$_p rlfi]$u ch_ ‹pfp Np¨ûrhQpf funpAp°_y¨ Apep°S>_ L$fhpdpÄph° R>°. Np¨û∆_p rhQpfp°_p° ‚Qpf-‚kpf \pe, Np¨û_p¨ d|Îep°_° rh¤p\wAp° kdS>° [°l°[y\u Ap `funpAp° g°hpdp¨ Aph° R>°. Ap hj£ Ap `funpdp¨ ^p°fZ-5_p¨ 08 rh¤p\wAp°,^p°fZ-6_p¨ 15 rh¤p\wAp° [\p ^p°fZ-7_p¨ 20 rh¤p\wAp° A°d Ly$g 43 rh¤p\w cpC-bl°_p°A° `funp Apù.

3.6 : Óu fpdL©$ÛZ ApÓd Apep°rS>[ rhrh^ ı`^pÆAp° :

ıhpdu rhh°L$p_¨]$ S>fidS>e¨[u dlp°–kh r_rd—° Óu fpdL©$ÛZ ApÓd, fpS>L$p°V$‹pfp Apep°rS>[ rhrh^ ı`^pÆAp°dp¨ ipmp_p¨ 51 rh¤p\w cpCbl°_p°A° cpN gu^p° l[p°.

3.7 : hpQ_rirbf :

bpmL$p°dp¨ _p_`Z\u kprl–e ‚–e° fk ≈N©[ \pe [° l°[y\u ipmp ‹pfp rhrh^‚h©r—Ap° k[[ Qpg[u fl° R>°. fuX$kÆ ºgb_p D`æ$d° rh¤p\wAp°dp¨ hpQ_ [fa_p° ‚°drhL$k° A_° hpQ__p¨ rhrh^ ıhÍ$`p°_p° `qfQe L°$mh°, `yı[L$p°\u `qfrQ[ \pe [° l°[y\u^p°fZ-3 A_° 4_p¨ rh¤p\w cpCbl°_p° dpV°$ A°L$-q]$hkue hpQ_rirbf_y¨ Apep°S>_ [p.18-11-2009_p fp°S> rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p r_f¨[f rinZ L°$fi÷, fpS>L$p°V$ Mp[° L$fhpdp¨ ApÏey.Ap rirbfdp¨ Ly$g 96 rh¤p\w cpCbl°_p°A° cpN gu^p°.

khpf° 08-00 hp¡ep_u ‚\d b°W$L$dp¨ k¨ı\p_p _peb r_epdL$ Óu ]$u`L$cpC≈°iuA° Mpk lpS>fu Apù. bpmL$p°_° kd≈e [°hu kfm cpjpdp¨ hpQ_ L°$hy¨ L$fhy¨, iy¨hp¨Qhy¨ ≈°CA° [° rhi° kdS> Apù l[u [°d S> "Afl [°hp° Ap°X$L$pf' L$l°h[ ‹pfp "hpQ_[°hp° rhQpf'_u ky¨]$f hp[ L$lu. bpmL$p°_° M|b S> Ap_¨]$ ApÏep°. `|hÆ-‚p\rdL$ rinL$A›ep`_ d¨q]$f_p¨ bl°_p°A° bpmL$p°_° bpmNu[p° [\p ≈°X$L$Zp¨ NhX$pÏep¨.

–epfbp]$ bpmL$p°A° d°]$p_dp¨ h©n_u R>pepdp¨ ‚L©$r[_p kp¨r_›edp¨ `yı[L$-hpQ_L$eyØ. 10-30 hp¡e° _pı[p° L$ep£. bpmL$p°A° `p°[° hp¨Q°gp¨ `yı[L$_p fuÏe| Ap‡ep. b`p°f°01-00 hp¡e° bpmL$p°A° cp°S>_ gu^y¨. –epfbp]$ Óu c|`°fi÷cpC r”h°]$uA° hpQ_rirbf_p°l°[y kd≈Ïep°. bpmL$p°A° r‚sfik`pg X$u. ù. ≈°iu `sÂgL$ gpCb∞°fu_u dygpL$p[ guû.–ep¨ `yı[L$p° A_° kpdreL$p°_p° `qfQe d°mÏep°. "cNh]π$Np°d¨X$m' b[phu rhi°j kdS|>[u


Apù.

–epfbp]$ bpmL$p°_° Qpgw Q°s‡g__u qaÎd b[phhpdp¨ Aphu. bpmL$p°_° M|b S>

d≈ Aphu.

kdp`_-b°W$L$dp¨ bpmL$p°_u A°L$ kpdreL$ ıd©r[ L$kp°V$u g°hpdp¨ Aphu. Ap L$kp°V$udp¨

30 S>°V$gp¨ kpdreL$p° Np°W$hhpdp¨ ApÏep¨ l[p¨. bpmL$p°A° M|b S> D–kplc°f cpN gu^p°.Ap L$kp°V$udp¨ _uQ°_p¨ rh¤p\w cpC-bl°_p° rhS>°[p \ep¨ :

‚\d-drldp ¨X$Èp, An[ drZepf [\p Ar Æ[ p¨QpZu, q‹[ue-kgp°_u kydfp,dl°f L$pqfep [\p sıd[ L$p_pbpf, [©[ue-sıd[ bp°fX$ [\p rihdπ lp°\u, ‚p°–kpl_-iycdπ L$_•ep, S>°r_g `fdpf [\p rhp h°L$qfep.

3.8 : riÙ$hpQ_-`funp :

NyS>fp[ riÙ$hpQ_ `funp V≤$ıV$, hX$p°]$fp ‹pfp k]π$NyZp°_p rhL$pk_u q]$ipdpÄ_°L$rh^ ‚h©r—Ap° L$fhpdp¨ Aph° R>°. Aphu S> A°L$ B[f ‚h©r— R>° riÙ$hpQ_-`funp.Ap hj£ Ap `funpdp¨ ^p°fZ-7 A_° 8dp¨\u Ly$g 30 rh¤p\w cpCbl°_p°A° `funp Apù.Ap `funpdp¨ "ApTp]$u_u AZdp°g ]°$icph_p' yı[L$ `k¨]$ L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g.

3.9 : hpQ_rirbf :

bpmL$p°dp¨ k]π$hpQ__u kyV°$h_p OX$[f dpV°$ hpQ_rirbf_y Apep°S>_ L$fhpdp¨ Aph°R>°. Ap hj£ [p. 28-29 _h°Ábf 2009_p fp°S> ApÓdipmp, _php, [p. Qp°V$ugp Mp[°b°-q]$hkue hpQ_rirbf ep°S>hpdp¨ Aphu, S>°dp¨ ^p°fZ-5, 6, 7_p¨ Ly$g 53 rh¤p\wcpCbl°_p°A° cpN gu^p°. Ap rirbf_u rhriÙ$[p A° flu L°$ ApÓdipmp, _php_p¨ 50rh¤p\w cpC-bl°_p° `Z Ap rirbfdp¨ ≈°X$pep¨ A_° [° ‹pfp il°fu A_° N∞pÁe rhı[pf_p¨bpmL$p°_° h•QpqfL$ Ap]$p_‚]$p__u [L$ |fu `pX$hpdp¨ Aphu.

hpQ_rirbf_y D]π$OpV$_ ApÓdipmp, _php_p ApQpeÆÓu ûfycpC kf•epA° ]$u`‚NV$phu L$eyØ. Óu ∆h_cpC `V°$g° hpQ_rirbf_p l°[yAp° rhı[©[ fu[° kd≈hu ∆h_dp¨hpQ__y¨ dl“h ]$ipÆÏey¨ l[y¨. L$peÆæ$ddp¨ ıhpN[-‚hQ_ ^p°fZ-7_u rh¤pr\Æ_u d_pgu`V°$g° L$eyØ l[y¨. ^p°fZ-5_p rh¤p\w [n `¨X$ÈpA° ApQpeÆÓu ûfycpC kf•ep_y¨ `yı[L$-Ny√R>\u ıhpN[ L$eyØ l[y. kdN∞ L$peÆæ$d_y k¨Qpg_ p°fZ-7_u rh¤pr\Æ_u dp_u[u ]°$kpCA°L$eyØ l[y¨. L$peÆæ$d_p A¨[° Óu c|`°fi÷cpC r”h°]$uA° bpmL$p°_° [pmuAp°_p ‚L$pf kd≈hu,[pmuAp° `X$phu L$peÆæ$d `|ZÆ L$ep£ l[p°.

rirbf_p ‚\d q]$hk° bpmL$p°A° p°[p_u k¨]$Nu_p yı[L$_y¨ hpQ_ L$eØy. –epfbp]$

k|fS>]°$hm S>C d¨q]$fdp¨ ]$iÆ_ L$fu h©n_p R>pep _uQ° b°ku bpmL$p°A° yı[L$_p fuÏe| Ap‡ep.–epfbp]$ \p°X$p ljÆ_p]$ bp°gpep. bpmL$p°_° M|b S> d≈ Aphu.

fp”° bpmL$p°_° "l°fu `p°V$f A∑fiX$ ^ kp°kÆ ıV$p∑_' qaÎd b[phhpdp¨ Aphu.

[p. 29-11-2009_p fp°S> bpmL$p°_° S>qfep dlp]°$h gC Nep¨. –ep¨ ]$iÆ_ L$fubpmL$p°A° hp¨Q°g yı[L$_p fuÏe| Ap‡ep. –epfbp]$ Óud[u ip°c_pbl°_ fdpf° Qpf N∞| dp¨bpmL$p°_° rhcprS>[ L$fu kprls–eL$ ‚Òp°—fudp¨ ‚Òp° `|Rep. bpmL$p°A° M|b kfk fu[°S>hpb Ap‡ep.

b`p°f° 03-00 hp¡e° kdp`_-L$peÆæ$d ep°≈ep°. kdp`_-b°W$L$dp¨ bnu`¨QApÓdipmp_p rinL$Óu fpSy>cpC AX$pg≈A° ‚pk¨rNL$ D]π$bp°^_ L$eyØ. –epfbp]$ ]$f°L$rh¤p\w_° ‚dpZ`” [°d S> b° c°V$-`yı[L$p° Ap`hpdp¨ ApÏep¨.

b° q]$hk_u hpQ_rirbf ]$frdep_ (1) kpdreL$ ıd©r[ L$kp°V$u A_° (2) `yı[L$-fuÏe| A°d b° ı`^pÆAp°_y¨ Apep°S>_ L$fhpdp¨ ApÏey¨,

kpdreL$ ıd©r[ L$kp°V$udp¨ _uQ°_p¨ rh¤p\w cpCbl°_p° rhS>°[p \ep¨ :

bnu`¨Q ApÓd ipmp, _php : ‚\d-ƒep°–ı_p L$V°$riep, q‹[ue-lf°i L$V°$riep, [©[ue-S>eÓu kfh•ep, ‚p°–kpl_-S>N]$ui `flpqX$ep, fpSy> Q|X$pkdp [\p f¨cp X$pcu

rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p ıL|$g, fpS>L$p°V$ : ‚\d-dp_u[u ]°$kpC, q‹[ue-lp]$w kp°fqW$ep, [©[ue-Ó°ep Ap¸p, ‚p°–kpl_-d_pgu `V°$g

`yı[L$ fuÏe| ı`^pÆdp¨ _uQ°_p¨ rh¤p\w cpCbl°_p° rhS>°[p \ep¨ :

bnu`¨Q ApÓdipmp, _php : ‚\d-Ar_cpC, q‹[ue-ƒep°–ı_pbl°_, [©[ue-S>N]$uicpC [\p bpbycpC, ‚p°–kpl_-L$pS>gbl°_, c|rdL$pbl°_ [\p L$pS>gbl°_

rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p ıL|$g, fpS>L$p°V$ : ‚\d-cÏe dl°[p, q‹[ue-[n ¨X$Èp, ASy>Æ_ [flp [\p]$u` L$_•ep, [©[ue-r_kNÆ cÀ$, ‚p°–kpl_-cp¡eÓu L$p°V$L$ [\p cp¡e QuL$pZu

op_ƒep°[ dp›erdL$$ ipmpq dl°icpC ≈_u

4.1 : rlfi]$u hº[©–h ı`^pÆ :

rh¤p\wAp°dp¨ _p_`Z\u S> Ap–drhpk h °, kcpnp°c ]|$f \pe, D√QpfiyqŸL°$mhpe [°hp rhrh^ l°[yAp°_° ›ep_dp¨ fpMu_° ipmpdp¨ hº[©–h-ı`^pÆ_y Apep°S>_ L$fhpdpÄph° R>°. Ap hj£ `Z rlfi]$u hº[©–h ı`^pÆ_y¨ Apep°S>_ L$fhpdp¨ ApÏey¨ l[y¨. Ap ı`^pÆdp¨


r_ZpÆeL$ [fuL°$ Óud[u cph_pbl°_ `fdpf° k°hp Apù l[u. kdN∞ hº[©–h-ı`^pÆ_y¨k¨Qpg_ Óud[u AfyZpbl°_ dl°[pA° L$eyØ l[y¨. Ap ı`^pÆdp¨ 15 rh¤p\w cpCbl°_p°A°cpN gu^p° l[p°, S>°dp¨\u _uQ°_p¨ rh¤p\w cpCbl°_p° rhS>°[p \ep¨ :

‚\d-Ap_¨]$ h°NX$p(^p°. 8), q‹[ue-›hr_ ]°$kpC(^p°. 8), [©[ue-Aq]$r[ hOprkep(^p°.9), ‚p°–kpl_-dufp¨ iyºg(^p°. 8).

4.2 : V$pV$p apDfiX°$i_ Apep°rS>[ r_b¨^ı`^pÆ :

V$pV$p apDfiX°$i_ ‹pfp ipmp_p¨ rh¤p\w cpCbl°_p° dpV°$ r_b¨^ı`^pÆ_y¨ Apep°S>_L$fhpdp¨ ApÏey¨ l[y¨. Ap r_b¨^ı`^pÆ_p° rhje l[p° "kyMu fpÙ≤$.' Ap ı`^pÆdp¨ ipmp_p¨150 rh¤p\w cpCbl°_p°A° cpN gu^p° l[p°.

4.3 : _hfpr” dlp°–kh_u DS>hZu :

]$f hjÆ_u S>°d Ap hj£ `Z isº[`hÆ _hfpr”_u DS>hZu rhriÙ$ fu[° L$fhpdpÄphu l[u. ‚p\Æ_pkcpdp¨ ]$ffp°S> ]°$huı[p°”, Nfbp, dlp_ _pfuAp° rhi° hpQ_-hº[Ïe,rinL$p° ‹pfp _hfpr” rhi° hpQ_ L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g. ApQpeÆÓu ‹pfp _hfpr” rhi° hº[ÏeAp`hpdp¨ Aph°g.

_hfpr” DS>hZu_p cpNÍ$`° rhrh^ ı`^pÆAp°_y¨ Apep°S>_ L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g, S>°dp¨_uQ°_p¨ rh¤p\w cpCbl°_p° rhS>°[p \ep¨ :

Apf[u kyip°c_ ı`^pÆ : ‚\d-dp_ku h°qX$ep(^p°. 9), q‹[ue-c|rd fphfpZu(^p°.10) [\p `hÆ f•epZu(^p°. 8), [©[ue-r‚e¨L$p ≈_u(^p°. 9) [\p _d∞[p h•ÛZh(^p°. 8),‚p°–kpl_-Cip kphgp(^p°. 9), ljÆ `pf°M(^p°. 8) [\p `|hw Qp°V$rgep(^p°. 9).

4.4 : Np¨ uS>e¨[u_u DS>hZu :

fpÙ≤$r`[p Np¨û∆_p S>fidq]$__° Ap`Z° fpÙ≤$ue [l°hpf [fuL°$ ES>huA° R>uA°.kdN∞ cpf[ [\p rhdp¨ Ap q]$_ [l°hpf [fuL°$ ES>hpe R>°. ApS>_p° rh¤p\w Aph[uL$pg_p° _pNqfL$ R>°, [°\u [°_pdp¨ k]π$NyZp°_y¨ tkQ_ \pe [° S>Í$fu R>°. Np¨û∆_p ∆h__p¨kpfp¨ pkpÄp°_° bpmL$ ∆h_dp¨ D[pfu p°[p_p° rhL$pk kp ° A° l°[y\u ipmp_p Np¨ urhQpfd¨X$m_p _°[©–h _uQ° Np¨ûS>e¨[u_u DS>hZu L$fhpdp¨ Aphu. Ap q]$hk° rh¤p\wAp°A°rhrh^ ‚h©r—Ap° L$fu l[u.

_p°qV$kbp∑XÆ$ Np°W$hZu : Np¨ u∆_p¨ ∆h_ A_° L$peÆ_° gN[p ap°V$p°N∞pa [\p ∆h_‚k¨Np°rh¤p\wAp°A° _p°qV$kbp∑XÆ$ f gNpÏep¨ l[p¨. [°_p ‹pfp ipmp_p¨ b^p¨ S> rh¤p\w cpCbl°_p°_°

Np¨ u∆ rhi° dprl[u dmu l[u.

Np¨ uNu[Np_ : ^p°fZ-8_u rh¤pr\Æ_u bl°_p°A° ‚p\Æ_pkcpdp¨ Np¨û∆ A¨N°_y¨Nu[ -"Np¨û [| tl]$L$u ip_ b_ Nep...' fS|> L$eyØ l[y¨.

Óu Np°`pgcpC ]°$kpC k¨L$rg[ - "iy¨ Np¨û∆ rhi° ApV$gy¨ ≈Zp° R>p° ?' : Np¨û∆rhi°_u ≈Zhp S>°hu Ah_hu dprl[u ‚p\Æ_pkcpdp¨ fS|> L$fhpdp¨ Aphu l[u.

Np¨ u sºhT : rh¤p\wAp° Np¨û∆_p¨ ∆h_ A_° L$peÆ rhi° h^y dprl[Npf \pe [°dpV°$ dp›erdL$ rhcpN_p¨ rh¤p\w cpCbl°_p° dpV°$ Np¨û sºhT_y¨ Apep°S>_ L$fhpdp¨ ApÏey¨l[y¨. Ap sºhTdp¨ _uQ°_p¨ rh¤p\w cpCbl°_p° rhS>°[p \ep¨ :

‚\d-kp°ldπ Ap°Tp(^p°. 10), q‹[ue-S>e NqY$ep(^p°. 10), [©[ue-Aq]$r[hOprkep(^p°. 9).

Mp]$u_y¨ h°QpZ : Np¨û∆_° Mp]$u M|b S> r‚e l[u. Nfub dS|>fp°_° Mp]$u_p hZpV$‹pfp fp°∆fp°V$u dm° R>°. Ap Dÿ°i_° gndp¨ gC_° ipmp_p¨ rh¤p\w cpCbl°_p°A° Mp]$u_pÍ$dpg A_° Mp]$u_p _∑`L$u_ Mfu¤p A_° [°_y¨ h°QpZ L$fu Np¨ûrhQpf_° ∆h_dp¨ L¨$CL$ Aï°D[pfhp_u L$p°rii L$fu. Í$rèp 5,000_u Mp]$u_y¨ h°QpZ L$eyØ l[y¨.

4.5 : d°qfV$ ıL$p∑gfri` :

dpQÆ-2009_u S.S.C._u `funpdp¨ Adpfu ipmp_p¨ S>° rh¤p\w cpCbl°_p°`funpdp¨ b°W$p¨ l[p¨, [°dp¨\u kdN∞ NyS>fp[dp¨ b° rh¤p\w cpCbl°_p° kdN∞ NyS>fp[_ud°qfV$ ıL$p∑gfri`_u ep]$udp¨ ı\p_ `pÁep¨ R>°.

(1) `p\Æ Aip°L$cpC cpepZu (89.85%), (2) `peg luf°_cpC cÀ$(89.38%)

4.6 : _°Qf ºgb L∑$Á` - h°mph]$f :

ipmp_p¨ rh¤p\w cpC-bl°_p° ‚L©$r[ [fa ‚°d L°$mh[p¨ \pe, ‚L©$r[_° ≈Z° A_°dpZ° [°d S> epÆhfZ_p k¨fnZdp¨ p°[° iy¨ L$fhy¨ ≈°CA° [° A¨N° ≈N©r[ L°$mh° [° dpV°$ ipmp‹pfp _°Qf ºgb_p° L∑$Á` L$prmepf fpÙ≤$ue D¤p_, h°mph]$f dyL$pd° [p. 26-11-2009\u[p. 28-11-2009 kyû ep°S>hpdp¨ ApÏep° l[p°. Ap L∑$Á`dp¨ 21 bl°_p° A_° 29 cpCAp°dmu Ly$g 50 rh¤p\w cpCbl°_p° [\p `p¨Q rinL$ cpCbl°_p°A° cpN gu^p° l[p°. L∑$Á`]$frdep_ L$prmepf-]$iÆ_, `nu]$iÆ_, ApL$pi]$iÆ_, rhrh^ Opk [\p h_ı`r[ rhi°dprl[u Ap`hpdp¨ Aphu l[u.


4.7 : aV$bp∑g Vy$_pÆd°fiV$dp¨ fpƒeL$npA° `k¨]$Nu :

ipmp_p ^p°fZ-9_p rh¤p\w rkŸp¨[ fpS>°icpC ≈°iu aV$bp∑g_u fpƒe-L$np_uVy$_pÆd°fiV$dp `k]$ \ep l[p [\p fpƒe-L$npA° cpN gC ipmp_y Np•fh h^pf°g R>°.

4.8 : hp∑rgbp∑g Vy$_pÆd°fiV$dp¨ fpƒeL$npA° `k¨]$Nu :

"AfiX$f ap°V$w_'dp¨ ipmp_p ”Z rh¤p\wAp° hp∑rgbp∑g Vy$_pÆd°fiV$dp¨ fpƒeL$npA°cpN g°hp dpV°$ `k¨]$ \ep l[p :

(1) ANp^ rh°icpC dp¨L$X$, (2) d¨\_ q]$gu`cpC fpqX$ep [\p (3) `hÆfrkL$cpC f•epZu.

4.9 : fpÙ≤$ue bpmrhop_ L$p∏N∞°k :

fpÙ≤$ue bpmrhop_ L$p∏N∞°k cpf[cfdp¨ 10\u 17 hjÆ_u Jdf_p¨ bpmL$p°° [°d_p°h•opr_L$ rd≈S> ip°^hp A_° Ap°mMhp dpV°$ [°d S> [°d_p rhQpfp°_° L$pepÆsfih[ L$fhpdpV°$ A]π$cy[ [L$ |fu `pX°$ R>°. NCSC_y¨ fpÙ≤$ue Ar^h°i_ ]$f hj£ 27\u 31 qX$k°Ábf

]$frdep_ dm° R>°. rS>âp A_° fpƒe-L$npA° L$X$L$ L$kp°V$u A_° `funZ \ep `R>u]°$icfdp¨\u 700 D`fp¨[ bpmL$p° A_° rinL$p° Ap Ar^h°i_dp¨ cpN g° R>° A_°`p¨Q q]$hk kyû QQpÆ-rhQpfZp L$f° R>° A_° h•opr_L$ ‚h©r— NÁd[ kp\° Ap_¨]$dpZ° R>°. bpmrhop_ L$p∏N∞°k A° bpmL$_u kïp°^_h©r—_° ‚p°–kpl_ Ap`° R>°. [°_°]°$idp¨ A_° ‚L©$r[dp¨ b_[u OV$_pAp°, ‚h©r—Ap°_p¨ rhrh^ pkpÄp° rhi° ‚Òp° |R>hpA_° `p°[p_u gpNZuAp° dp[©cpjpdp¨ fS|> L$fhp tld[ `|fu `pX°$ R>°.

Adpfu ipmp_p ^p°fZ-8_p rh¤p\w `hÆ frkL$cpC f•epZu fpÙ≤$uebpmrhop_ L$p∏N∞°kdp¨ cpN gC fpƒeL$np_u ı`^pÆdp¨ h°X$R>u dyL$pd° D—d ]°$MphL$fu fpÙ≤$ue L$np_u bpmrhop_ L$p∏N∞°k_u ı`^pÆ dpV°$ `k¨]$ \e°g R>°. lh° Ad]$php]$dyL$pd° kpefik rkV$u Mp[° fpÙ≤$ue bpmrhop_ L$p∏N∞°kdp¨ [p. 27-12-2009\u [p.31-12-2009 ]$frdep_ cpN g°i°. [°d_p° rhje l[p° - "NV$f_p N¨]$p `pZu_°fukpCL$g L$fu [°_p `y_: Dèp°N_p° AÊepk.'

`hÆ f•epZuA° fpÙ≤$L$np_u ı`^pÆdp¨ `lp¢Qu_° ipmp_y¨ Np•fh h^pf°g R>°.

rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p ıL|$g Ap∑_ ÏluÎk - fpS>L$p°V$klep°N

i∑f A∑fiX$ L∑$f apDfiX°$i_ - ey.A°k.A°. [\p Apip-rhS>e apDfiX°$i_ - ey.A°k.A°.q _ftklcpC Qp•lpZ

`.1 : rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p ıL|$g Ap∑_ ÏluÎk k¨gî N∞pÁe ipmpAp°_p¨ bpmL$p°_u kS>Æ_p–dL$isº[_p rhL$pk dpV°$_p l°[y\u k‡V$°Ábf dpk ]$frdep_ kS>Æ_p–dL$ ‚h©r—gnu ı`^pÆAp° -rQ”ı`^pÆ [\p lı[rgrM[ A¨L$ ı`^pÆ_y¨ Apep°S>_ L$fhpdp¨ ApÏey¨ l[y¨.

rQ”ı`^pÆ ‚p\rdL$ rhcpN A_° dp›erdL$ rhcpN A°d b° rhcpNdp¨ ep°S>hpdpÄphu. ‚p\rdL$ rhcpN_u ı`^pÆ_p rhjep° Ap ‚dpZ° l[p :

(1) h©n `f `¨MuAp°, (2) L|$L$X$p° A_° [°_p¨ b√Qp¨, (3) lz¨ A_° dpfu `[¨N, (4)_]$uqL$_pfp_y¨ ◊Ìe, (5) az¡Nphpmp°, (6) lz¨ A_° dpfu Y$vNgu, (7) Of `f b°W°$gp° dp°f,(8) S>¨Ngdp¨ ‚pZu (tkl, hpO L°$ lfZ)

dp›erdL$ rhcpN_u ı`^pÆ_p rhjep° Ap ‚dpZ° l[p :

(1) `r_lpfu, (2) èpÆhfZ bQphp°, (3) L$p°C`Z A°L$ [l°hpf (_hfpr”,q]$hpmu, lp°mu), (4) Npe A_° Np°hpm, (5) h©n hphp° - hfkp]$ gphp°, (6) M°X|$[`qfhpf, (7) bm]$NpXy$¨ - dp°V$f

Ap rkhpe bpmL$p°_° d_`k¨]$ L$p°C`Z rQ” ]$p°fhp dpV°$_p° rhL$Î` `Z Ap`hpdpÄph°g.

lı[rgrMr[ A¨L$ ı`^pÆ_p¨ rhjep° Ap ‚dpZ° l[p :

(1) ≈°CA° R>° A°L$ ˘]$e S>° ^bL$[y¨ lp°e ]$uL$fu dpV°$ (L$fiepL°$mhZu - ˜uc∞|Z-l–ep), (2) Ly$]$f[u Apa[ A_° [° r_hpfhp_p D`pep°, (3) X$p∑. lp°du S>lp¨Nuf cpcp,(4) gp°L$kprl–eL$pf fpÙ≤$ue ipef Th°fQ¨]$ d°OpZu, (5) ¡gp°bg hp∑rdØN : ApS>_pdp_hkdpS>_u kdıep - L$pfZp° A_° D`pep°, (6) èpÆhfZ_p° dlpi”y - ‡gpsıV$L$,(7) k¨]°$ipÏehlpf_u rhL$pkNp\p, (8) dpfp ∆h_rhL$pkdp¨ rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p ıL|$g Ap∑_ÏluÎk_u ‚h©r—Ap°_y¨ ‚]$p_, (9) N∞pÁe ıh√R>[p dpV°$_y¨ dpfy¨ Apep°S>_, (10) fkp°X$pdp¨h`fp[p dkpgp_p Ap•jûe NyZp°

`.2 : hpQ_rirbf : bnu`¨Q ApÓdipmp, Ly$hpX$hp :

rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p ıL|$g Ap∑_ ÏluÎk 16 hjÆ\u N∞pÁe rhı[pf_u 74 ipmpAp°dp¨kS>Æ_lpf_u kdı[ k©rÙ$dp¨ ky¨]$fdp¨ ky¨]$f _° kp•\u h^y q]$Ïe R>° bpmL$p°.


i•nrZL$ NyZh—p ky^pfZp Arcep_ Afihe° rhrh^ i•nrZL$ ‚h©r—Ap° L$fu fl°g R>°.

hjÆ 2009-2010_u 35du hpQ_rirbf bnu ¨Q ApÓdipmp, Ly$hpX$hp ([p.fpS>L$p°V$) dyL$pd° [p. 05-06 k‡V°$Ábf, 2009 ir_hpf-frhhpf ]$frdep_ ep°S>hpdpÄph°g. Ap rirbfdp¨ 44 Ly$dpf [\p 16 L$fiep dmu Ly$g 60 rh¤p\w cpC-bl°_p°A° cpNgu^p°.

[p. 05-09-2009, ir_hpf° khpf° 08-30 hp¡e° fpS>L$p°V$\u r_e[ L$f°g L$peÆæ$ddyS>b hpQ_rirbf_p¨ `yı[L$p° [°d S> Afie kpdN∞u kp\° Ad° bnu`¨Q ApÓdipmp,Ly$hpX$hp S>hp dpV°$ fhp_p \ep.

khpf° 09-00 L$gpL°$ Ly$hpX$hp ApÓdipmpA° lp¢√ep. –ep¨ ApQpepÆÓu, rinL$NZ[\p rh¤p\wAp° ‹pfp ıhpN[ \ey. L$peÆæ$d_p iycpf¨c° A°L$ ky]$f L$pÏeNp_ ""AjpY$u kp¨S>_pA¨bf NpS>°, d°OpX¨$bf NpS>° !.. dp[°gp dp°f_p V$p•L$p bp°g°, ûfu Y°$gX$ X$p°g°...'' ^p°.6_urh¤pr\Æ_u cpf[u f–_pcpC p¨ X$ ‹pfp d yf L$W°$ fS|> \ey. –epfbp]$ Ly$hpX$hp ApÓdipmp_pÄpQpepÆ Óud[u ]$u`pgubl°_ ]°$kpC ‹pfp dl°dp_p°_y¨ iÂ]$p°\u ıhpN[ L$fhpdp¨ ApÏey¨.[°Ap°A° S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ Ap k¨ı\pdp¨ hpQ_rirbf_y¨ Apep°S>_ [p. 05-09-2009 - X$p∑.khÆ`Îgu fp^pL©$ÛZ__p S>fidq]$_° \e°gy¨ R>° –epf° Adp° ljÆ_u gpNZu A_ychuA° R>uA°.

–epfbp]$ rirbf_y ]$u`-‚pNV$È Ly$hpX$hp bnu ¨Q ApÓdipmp_p¨ ApQpepÆ Óud[u]$u`pgubl°_ ]°$kpC [\p rh¤pr\Æ_u ∆hybl°_ bu. cfhpX$(^p°.7) A_° L$pS>gbl°_Y$N°g(^p°. 7)_p iyclı[° L$fhpdp¨ ApÏey¨.

rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p ıL|$g Ap∑_ ÏluÎk_p rinL$Óu h–kgcpC ^y∞h° rirbf_p° l°[yS>Zph[p¨ L$¸y¨ L°$ Ap`Zp ∆h_OX$[fdp¨ `yı[L$p°_p° Ad|Îe apmp° R>°. "Books are our

best friends." kpfp¨ `yı[L$p°_p hpQ_\u op__p° rhL$pk \pe R>° A_° rh¤p\w_ukS>Æ_p–dL$[p Mug° R>°. Qpqf‘eOX$[f dpV°$ D—d `yı[L$p°_y¨ hpQ_ S>Í$fu R>°.

‚pk¨rNL$ D]π$bp°^_dp¨ rkıV$f r_h°r]$[p ıL|$g Ap∑_ ÏluÎk_p rinL$Óu ∆h_cpC`V°$g° L$¸y¨ L°$ [dpfp ∆h__y¨ k]π$cp¡e R>° L°$ `yı[LÍ$ù M≈_p° [dpfu kdn Myâp° dyL$pep°R>°. ky¨]$f d≈_p¨ `yı[L$p° hp¨Qu_° [dpfp op__u kudpAp° rhı[pf≈° A_° `yı[L$p°°_° kpfprd” b_ph≈°.

bnu ¨Q ApÓd ipmp, Ly$hpX$hp_p rinL$Óu fpSy>cpC ]°$kpCA° S>ZpÏey L° Ap`Z°Ap¨NZ° ApS>° "`|ƒe dp°V$p hpQ_rirbf'_ÿ¨ `hÆ R>°. Ap `hÆ_p° gpc S>°V$gp° dpZu iL$pe[°V$gp° dpZ≈° A_° kpfp¨ `yı[L$p° hp¨Qu ∆h__° D≈m≈°.

–epfbp]$ rirbfp\wAp° `p°[p_° d_`k¨]$ `yı[L$p°_u `k¨]$Nu L$fu AgN-AgNı\m° h©np°_u R>pep _uQ° `∞pL©$r[L$ hp[phfZdp¨ `p°[p_° ep°¡e d_`k¨]$ ı\p_ `f hpQ_dpV°$ Np°W$hpep¨. ‚\d q]$hk_p yı[L-$hpQ__u _p¢^ L$fhpdp¨ Aphu A_° –epfbp]$ cp°S>_dpV° kp• R|>V$p¨ `X$Èp¨.

b`p°fbp]$ rirbfp\wAp°A° AY$u L$gpL$ kyû hpQ_ L$eyØ A_° `p°[p_° `k¨]$ L$f°g`yı[L$p°_p g°rM[ fuÏe| Ap‡ep. kp¨S>_p A°L$p]$ L$gpL$ i•nrZL$ fd[_p L$peÆæ$d_y¨ Apep°S>_L$fu rhrh^ bp•qŸL$ fd[p° fÁep¨. –epfbp]$ kp¨S>_y¨ cp°S>_ \ey¨.

fp”° A¨N∞°∆ qaÎd "hpCÎX$ gpCa'_u rhrh^ ‚pZuAp°, nuAp°_u C.D. b[phhpdpÄphu, S>° ]$f°L$ rh¤p\wA° fk`|hÆL$ dpZu.

[p. 06-09-2009, frhhpf° bu≈ q]$hk° ‚p[:rhr^ `[phu kp• ipmp_p‚p\Æ_pM¨X$dp¨ A°L$W$p¨ \ep¨. afu hpf bpmL$p° d_Nd[y buSy>¨ yı[L$ k¨]$ L$fu rhrh^ h[yÆmp°dp¨hp¨Q_ L$fhp b°W$p¨. –epfbp]$ rh¤p\wA° `p°[° hp¨Q°g `yı[L$p° rhi° dp•rML$ fuÏe| Ap‡ep,S>°dp¨ d°lzg Apg°(^p°.7) "fpZu gˇdubpC', _ug°i Apf. dp°fu(^p°.7)A° "cNhp_ byŸ',cph_p L°$. MV$pZp(^p°.7)A° "k]$pQpf N∞¨\dpmp', h_fpS> hu. gyZu(^p°.6)A° "AΩ$g_p]y$Ìd_ Ad\pgpg', cpf[u Apf. p¨ X°$(^p°.6) "t^Npdı[u', AfS>Z Apf. p¨ X°$(^p°.6)"kf]$pf hâccpC V°$g', lf]$pk p¨ X°$(^p°.5) "rihp∆ dlpfpS>', lu_p A°d. Tp¨ X$p(^p°.5)A° "Qpgp° fduA°' A° rhi° fk‚]$ hp[p° L$fu. `R>u kp• b`p°f_p cp°S>_ dpV°$ R|>V$p¨ `X$Èp¨.

b`p°fbp]$ 03-30 hp¡e° kdp`_-b°W$L$ dpV°$ kp• A°L$Wp¨ \ep¨. bnu`¨QApÓdipmp, Ly$hpX$hp_u rh¤pr\Æ_uAp° cpf[u f–_pcpC p¨ X$ A_° ∆hybl°_ bu. cfhpX$‹pfp L$rhÓu kyf°i ]$gpg frQ[ -

""_p_p¨ Ad\p¨ ApS> cg° _° L$pg° dp°V$p¨ \piy¨, Ad° [p° Nu[ Nygpbu Npiy¨ !_p_L$X$u L°$X$u_p° \p[p° dpfN L°$hp° dp°V$p°, A°hp¨ dp°V$p¨ \Ciy¨ L°$ _rl S>X°$ Adpfp° ≈°V$p° !''

ky¨]$f d≈_y¨ L$pÏeNp_ L$fhpdp¨ ApÏey¨. L$pÏeNp_ bp]$ ‚pk¨rNL$ ‚hQ_dp¨ rkıV$f r_h°q]$[pıL|$g Ap∑_ ÏluÎk_p këp°S>L$Óu _ftklcpC Qp•lpZ° S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ ıL|$g Ap∑_ ÏluÎk ‹pfpR>°âp¨ ”Z hjÆ\u rhrh^ ipmpAp°_° hpQ_rirbf_p° gpc dmu f¸p° R>°. Ap hpQ_rirbf‹pfp rh¤p\wAp° ∆h_OX$[f_p¨ `yı[L$p° hp¨Qu kyV°$hp°_y¨ OX$[f L$fi°. [°Ap°ÓuA° `|ƒedp°V$p_p ∆h__y D]$plfZ Apù S>ZpÏey L°$ [°Ap°A° p°[p_y kdN∞ ∆h_ kdpS>_° kdr Æ[L$f°gy¨. Aphp `rh” dlp`yfyj_p ∆h_k¨]°$i_° Ap`Zp° Ap]$iÆ b_phuA°. h^ydp¨ cNhp_ÓuL©$ÛZ_p ∆h_‚k¨Np° hZÆhu_° ∆h_ kp\ÆL$ L$fhp ‚°fZp Apù. A¨N∞°∆ iÂ]$L$p°i,


cNh]π$Np°d¨X$g hN°f°_p° `qfQe Apù_° ∆h_dp¨ cpjpiyrŸ_p L$peÆ_° h°N Ap`hpS>ZpÏey¨.

Ap ‚k¨N° hpQ_rirbf_p° gpc g°_pf L°$V$gp¨L$ rh¤p\w cpCbl°_p°A° `p°[p_p‚r[cphp° fS|> L$epÆ, S>°dp¨ d°lzg ApgpcpC Apg(^p°.7), rl[°j lL$pcpC dpgqL$ep(^p°.7),L$pS>g dpd•epcpC Y$N°g(^p°.7), cpf[u f–_pcpC ^p¨^X$(^p°.6), rhæ$d hpgpcpCbrgep(^p°. 5), lu_p d_ycpC Tp¨ X$p(^p°. 5) hN°f° ‹pfp hpQ_rirbf_p p°[p_p A_ychp°M|b S ky¨]$f A_° AkfL$pfL$ fu[° Ïeº[ L$fhpdp¨ ApÏep.

–epfbp]$ bnu ¨Q ApÓdipmp, Ly$hpX$hp_p k¨QpgL$ Óu fpS>°icpC MV$pZp, ÓuArd[cpC `V°$g [\p rinL$p°_p hf]$ lı[°> hpQ_rirbfdp¨ cpN g°_pf ]$f°L$ rirbfp\w_°‚dpZ`” [\p `yı[L$p° "kam[p_p¨ kp°`p_p°', "hp°ÎV$ qX$T_u' c°V$ Ap`hpdp¨ ApÏep¨.

L$peÆæ$d_p A¨[° Apcf]$iÆ_ L$f[p¨ Óu ∆h_cpC `V°$g° S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ Ap hjÆ_uhpQ_rirbf-i©¨Mgp_p° Apf¨c Alv\u \pe R>°. h^ydp¨ [°dZ° S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ ApÓdipmp_p¨rh¤p\w cpCbl°_p°_y¨ k]π$cp¡e R>° L°$ hpQ_rirbf ‹pfp rhipm k¨øepdp¨ `yı[L$p°_y¨ ]$iÆ_[\p ep°¡e `yı[L$p°_y¨ hpQ_ L$fhp_p° glphp° d°mhu f¸p¨ R>p°. [dpfp ∆h__° op_Í$ùƒep°[ ‹pfp ‚L$pide b_php°. [°Ap°A° ipmp_p¨ ApQpepÆÓu, k¨QpgL$Óu [°d S> rinL$NZ_p°ky¨]$f Apep°S>_kcf L$peÆæ$d_u Ïehı\p A¨N° Apcpf Ïeº[ L$ep£.

L$peÆæ$d_y¨ k¨Qpg_ bnu`¨Q ApÓdipmp, Ly$hpX$hp_p rinL$Óu fpS>°icpC ]°$kpC‹pfp L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g. Ap b° q]$hk_u rirbf ]$frdep_ rh¤p\wAp°_p Ql°fp D`f op_-‚pr·_u _hu S> [pS>Nu ≈°C Adpfp¨ ˘]$e ‚kfl \ep¨. rh¤p\wAp° kp\°_u Ap–due[pAdpfp dp_k`V$ `f R>hpC.

5.3 : hpQ_rirbf : L$fiepipmp, r_L$php ([p. L$pgphX$, rS>. ≈d_Nf) :

hjÆ 2009-2010_u 36du hpQ_rirbf L$fiepipmp, r_L$php ([p. ≈d_Nf$)dyL$pd° [p. 12-13, k‡V°$Ábf 2009, ir_hpf-frhhpf ]$frdep_ ep°S>hpdp¨ Aph°g. Aprirbfdp¨ Ly$g 55 rh¤pr\Æ_uAp°A° cpN gu^°g l[p°.

[p. 12-09-2009, ir_hpf° khpf° 07-45 hp¡e° fpS>L$p°V$\u r_e[ L$f°g L$peÆæ$ddyS>b hpQ_rirbf_p¨ `yı[L$p° [°d S> Afie kpdN∞u kp\° Ad° r_L$php L$fiepipmp ı\m°`lp¢√ep. –ep¨ r_L$php L$fiepipmp `qfhpf ‹pfp ıhpN[ \ey¨.

r_e[ kde° L$peÆæ$d dpV°$ ipmp_p¨ bpmL$p° ipmp_p ‚p\Æ_pM¨X$dp¨ Np°W$hpep¨.

L$fiepipmp, r_L$php_u rh¤pr\Æ_uAp° ufS> kp¢]$fhp(^p°.7), Asıd[p ]$paX$p(^p°.6) A_°[nrigp dykqX$ep(^p°.6) ‹pfp "NyZh¨[u NyS>fp[' L$pÏeNp_ L$fhpdp¨ ApÏey¨. iÂ]$p°\uıhpN[ ipmp_p¨ ApQpepÆÓu Qpfybl°_ ]$p°iu ‹pfp L$fhpdp¨ ApÏey. [°Ap°A° p°[p_p hº[Ïedp¨S>ZpÏey L°$ OZp gp¨bp kde_y Ap hpQ_rirbf Alv Ap`Zu ipmpdp¨ gphhp_y ıh‡_`|ZÆ \ey¨ R>° [° Ap`Zy¨ kp•_y¨ k]π$cp¡e R>°. [°_u Myiu Ap`Zp kp•dp¨ kdpe°gu R>°. Ap`Z°kp• [°_y¨ ıhpN[ L$fuA°. bfpbf b° q]$hk [d° hpQ__p° M|b kpfp° gpc DW$php° A_°op_q``pkp [©· L$fp°.

–epfbp]$ rirbf_y¨ D]π$^pV$_ ]$u`-‚pNV$È ‹pfp r_L$php L$fiepipmp_p¨ ApQpepÆÓuQpfybl°_ ]$p°iu [\p rh¤pr\Æ_uAp° peg A°d. dpfrhep(^p°.7), pÍ$g hu. QphqX$ep(^p°.7)_p iyc lı[° L$fhpdp¨ ApÏey¨. kp•A° ljÆ_p]$\u h^pÏey¨.

rkıV$f r_h°r]$[p ıL|$g Ap∑_ ÏluÎk_p rinL$Óu h–kgcpC y∞h° 36du "NyZh¨[fpeApQpeÆ hpQ_rirbf'_p° l°[y S>Zph[p¨ L$¸y¨ L°$ ApS>° Ad° [dpfu pk° op__p° M≈_p° gCApÏep R>uA°. rh¤p\wAp° kpfp¨ `yı[L$p° hp¨Qu op_q``pkp [©· L$f°, hpQ_\u kpfu V$°hp°‹pfp ∆h_-D–L$jÆ kp^° [°hu iyc cph_p kp\° Ap hpQ_rirbf ep°≈e°gu R>°.rh¤p\wAp°_u kS>Æ_p–dL$[p Mughhp dpV°$ D—d `yı[L$p°_y¨ hpQ_ M|b S>Í$fu R>°.

‚pk¨rNL$ D]πbp°^_dp¨ rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p ıL$|g Ap∑_ ÏluÎk_p rinL$Óu ∆h_cpC`V°$g° L$¸y¨ L°$ ApS>° [dpfp kh£_y¨ k]π$cp¡e R>° L°$ Ap hpQ_rirbf [dpf° Ap¨NZ° [dpfp dpV°$Aphu `lp¢Qu R>°$. Ap `yı[L$Í$ù M≈_p° [dpfu kpd° b° q]$hk Myâp° d|ºep° R>°. ApM≈_pdp¨\u [d° kpfp¨ yı[L$p°_p hpQ_ ‹pfp [dpfu op_q``pkp [©· L$fp° [°d S> yı[L$p°_°kpfp rd”p° b_phu [dpfp ∆h_dp¨ op_Í$ù ‚L$pi a°gphu ∆h__° h y kd©Ÿ b_php°.

Ap`Zp gp°L$dpfie r[gL$ L$l° R>° L°$ dpf° d_ ıhNÆ L$f[p¨ `yı[L$p°_y¨ ıhNÆ h^y qL≠$d[u R>°. [p°rd”p°, [d° kp• Ap `yı[L$p° [\p [°d_p hpQ__u Dèp°rN[p kd≈° A_° [°_p° rhi°j gpcd°mhp° A°hu iyc°√R>p Ïeº[ L$fy¨ Ry>¨.

ipmp_p iyctQ[L$, N∞pÁe ApN°hp_ [\p rh¤pr\Æ_u_p hpguÓu ‚huZcpCA°

`p°[p_p hº[Ïedp¨ S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ rh¤pr\Æ_u bl°_p°, [d° kp• _kub]$pf R>p° L°$ rkıV$f r_h°q]$[pıL|$g Ap∑_ ÏluÎk_p rinL$ÓuAp° ]$f dpk° Ap`Zu ipmpdp¨ L$p¨C _° L$p¨C _hu_[p`|ZÆi•nrZL$ L$peÆæ$dp° [\p Ap^yr_L$ rhQpfp° ‹pfp [dpfp ∆h__y¨ OX$[f L$f° R>°, kp\° [dpfuipmpdp¨ _hp_hp i•nrZL$ L$peÆæ$dp° Apù_° [dpfp op__° kd©Ÿ L$fhp Aph[p fl° R>°. Ap[L°$ [°Ap°_p° lz¨ ipmp h[u `Z Apcpf dp_y¨ Ry>¨.


A¨[dp¨ L$peÆæ$d_p¨ k¨QprgL$pÓu d^ybl°_ hp¨L$pZuA° Apcpf Ïeº[ L$f[p¨ L$¸y¨ L°$rkıV$f r_h°r]$[p ıL|$g Ap∑_ ÏluÎk_u iy¨ hp[ L$fy¨ ? [°Ap° [p° lh° Ap`Zp¨ b_u Nep¨ R>°._hy_hy cp\y gphu Ap`Z_° ùfk[p¨ flu Ap`Zp¨ ∆h__° isº[ipmu b_phu f¸p¨ R>°.

|ƒeÓu Djpbl°_ ≈_u [\p Óu NygpbcpC ≈_u_p Ap`Z° ipmp-`qfhpf M|b F>ZuR>uA°. kp•_p° Apcpf.

–epfbp]$ kp• rh¤pr\Æ_u bl°_p° `yı[L$-‚]$iÆ_ r_lpmu M|b Myi \ep¨.hpQ_rirbfdp¨ cpN g°_pf rirbfp\w bl°_p°_° `p°[p_° d_`k¨]$ yı[L$p°_u `k¨]$Nu L$furhipm h©n_u R>pepdp¨ ep°¡e ı\p_° hpQ_ dpV°$ Np°W$hpep¨. –epfbp]$ ‚\d q]$hk_p¨`yı[L$p°_u ep]$u [•epf \C. A°L$ L$gpL$_p hpQ_ bp]$ kp• cp°S>_ dpV°$ R|>V$p¨ `X$Èp¨.

b`p°f bp]$ rirbfp\wAp°A° kpfy A°hy b° L$gpL$ hpQ_ L$eyØ. _p_u fuk°k bp]$ p°[p_p¨`yı[L$p°_p g°rM[ qfÏe| ep°¡e k|Q_p° bp]$ [•epf L$epÆ. kp¨S>_p A°L$ L$gpL$ rhrh^ kprls–eL$fd[p° [\p op_h ÆL$ fd[p° fdu lmhpäg b_u Ap_¨]$rhcp°f \ep¨. –epfbp]$ kp• fpr”cp°S>_dpV°$ `p°[`p°[p_p Of° Nep¨.

[p. 13-09-2009 _° frhhpf° khpf° 08-30 hp¡e° klz rirbfp\w rh¤pr\Æ_uAp°ipmp-`V$p¨NZdp¨ A°L$W$p¨ \ep¨. ‚p\Æ_p [\p r_–e-kapC-L$peÆæ$d `[phu kp• _pı[p dpV°$d˛ep¨. –epfbp]$ `p°[p_° d_Nd[y¨ buSy>¨ `yı[L$ `k¨]$ L$fu _p¢^ L$fphu rhrh^ ı\m° hpQ_dpV°$ Np°W$hpep¨. b° L$gpL$_p hpQ_ bp]$ rh¤pr\Æ_uAp°A° `p°[° hp¨Q°g `yı[L$_p dp•rML$fuÏe| Ap‡ep, S>°dp¨ kp•A° p°[° hp¨Q°g yı[L$p° rhi° S>°hp¨ L°$ L$p°CA° dlp yfyjp°_p ∆h_‚k¨Np°,L$p°CA° op_D`]°$i_u hp[, h•opr_L$_p fp°dp¨QL$ ‚k¨Np°, L$p°CA° kplkcf°gu hp[p° [p°L$p°CA° Ap ‚pZuAp°_u k©rÙ$_u hp[p° `p°[`p°[p_u fu[° fS|> L$fu. rinL$ÓuAp°A° bpmLp°_°‚p°–kprl[ L$f[p¨ rhi°j `∞k¨Np° fS|> L$fu `p°[p_u fS|>Ap[ L°$d kpfu b_° [° dpV°$ dpNÆ]$iÆ_Ap‡ey¨. –epfbp]$ kp• cp°S>_ [\p rhÓp¨r[ dpV°$ Nep¨.

b`p°f bp]$ 04-00 L$gpL°$ hpQ_rirbf_u kdp`_-b°W$L$ dpV°$ h©np°_u R>pepdp¨b°W$L$ Np°W$hpC. r_L$php L$fiepipmp_u bpmpAp° ûfS> kp¢]$fhp(^p°.7), L$qfÌdpdpMpZu(^p°.7), `peg dpmrhep(^p°.7), `pÍ$g QphqX$ep(^p°.7) [\p [nrigpdykqX$ep(^p°.6)A° ky¨]$f Arc_eNu[ fS|> L$eyØ, S>°_p iÂ]$p° "L$p°V$u L$p°V$u h¨]$_ Adpfp¨...'A°kp•_p¨ ˘]$e ∆[u gu^p¨. –epfbp]$ hpQ_rirbf_p `p°[p_p ‚r[cphp° Ap`[p¨ ûfS>kp¢]$fhp(^p°.7)A° S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ Ap Adpfu Alv_u `l°gu hpQ_rirbf R>°. Ad_° M|bkpfp° gpc d˛ep° R>°, S>° Ad° c|gu iL$uiy¨ _lv. `peg dpmrhep [\p S>Î`p dykqX$epA°`p°[p_p ‚r[cphp° Ap`[p¨ L$¸y¨ L°$ Ad° `yı[LÍ$ù M≈_p° g|¨V$Èp° R>°. Adpfpdp¨ op__p°

h^pfp° \ep° R> ° [\p M|b Ap_¨]$ \ep° R> °. ky_¨]$p dykrX$ep(^p°.5), [nrigpdykqX$ep(^p°.6)A° p°[p_p ‚r[cphdp¨ S>ZpÏey L°$ Ap rirbfdp¨ Ad° M|b d≈_p¨ yı[L$p°r_lp˛ep¨ A_° OZp¨ `yı[L$p° hp¨Qu Ap_¨]$ d°mÏep°. L$qfÌdp dpMpZu(^p°.7)A° S>ZpÏey¨ L°$$Adpfy¨ OZp gp¨bp kde_y¨ hpQ_rirbf_y¨ ıh‡_ `|ZÆ \ey¨ R>°. Ad° S>° d°mÏey¨ R>° [° l¨d°ipëp]$ fpMuiy¨ A_° [dpfu k¨ı\p_p° M|bM|b Apcpf dp_y¨ Ry>¨.

–epfbp]$ ApQpepÆÓu, rinL$p° [\p hpguAp°_p hf]$ lı[° hpQ_rirbfdp¨ cpNg°_pf [dpd rirbfp\wAp°_° ‚dpZ`” [\p "hp°ÎV$ qX$T_u' A_° "kam[p_p¨ kp° p_p°'`yı[L$p° c°V$ Ap`hpdp¨ ApÏep¨.

–epfbp]$ rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p ıL|$g Ap∑_ ÏluÎk_p k¨QpgL$ Óu _ftklcpC Qp•lpZ°`p°[p_p D]π$bp° _dp¨ "hp°ÎV$ qX$T_u' [\p ıhpdu rhh°L$p_¨]$ rgrM[ "kam[p_p¨ kp° p_p°'`yı[L$p°_p° `qfQe Apù S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ Aphp¨ ky¨]$f `yı[L$p° hp¨Q[p¨ flu [dpfp¨ ∆h__° ky¨]$fb_php°. |. Óu Djpbl°_ ≈_u [\p Óu NygpbcpC ≈_u_u dl°√R>p R>° L°$ N∞pÁe rhı[pf_p¨bpmL$p° `Z kpfp¨ `yı[L$p° hp¨Qu, `∞°fZp d°mhu, M|b ApNm AÊepk L$fu, `p°[p_p∆h_rhL$pk_° kcf b_ph°. [°Ap°ÓuA° ipmp `yı[L$pge_p rhL$pk_u ≈l°fp[ L$f[p¨S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ \p°X$p kdedp¨ S> rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p ıL|$g Ap∑_ ÏluÎk k¨g¡_ ]$f°L$ ipmp_° ”Z-”Z l≈f Í$rèp_p¨ rhi°j `yı[L$p° c°V$ Ap`hp_u ep°S>_p R>°.

L$peÆæ$d_p A¨[° Apcpf]$iÆ_ L$f[p¨ ApQpepÆÓu Qpfybl°_ ]$p°iuA° S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ R>°âpb° q]$hk\u [d° kp• ]u$L$fuAp°A° D–kpl |hÆL$ hpQ_rirbf_p° gpc gu^p° R>°. [dpfp° hpQ_-‚°d ≈°C Ad_° Ap_¨]$ \ep° R>°. rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p ıL|$g Ap∑_ ÏluÎk A_° [°d_p Ap kp\uAp°Ap`Zp kp•_p¨ b_u Nep¨ R>°. [°d_p ‹pfp Ad_° S>° gpc dmu f¸p° R>° A° Adpfy¨ k]π$cp¡eR>°. lz¨ Apip fpMy¨ Ry>¨ L°$ Ap`Z_° [°d_p [fa\u dpNÆ]$iÆ_ [\p Afie gpcp° dm[p¨ fl°i°.kp•_p° M|bM|b Apcpf.

5.4 : 2∆ Ap∑ºV$p°bf - Np¨ûS>fidS>e¨[u :

Np¨ûS>e¨[u_u DS>hZu_p cpNÍ$`° A_° Mp]$u-D¤p°N_° ‚p°–kpl_ dm° [°hpDÿ°i\u rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p ıL|$g Ap∑_ ÏluÎk k¨gî N∞pÁe rhı[pf_u ipmpAp°dp¨ Mp]$u_urhrh^ b_phV$p° S>°hu L°$ lp\Í$dpg, _∑ L$u_, Vy$hpg, Apkr_ep_y Apif° Í$. 14,000-00_yh°QpZ L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g.

5.5 : hpQ_rirbf : rihp_¨]$ ‚p\rdL$ ipmp, huf_Nf ([p. S>k]$Z$, rS>. fpS>L$p°V$) :

]$f hj£ hpQ_rirbfp°_y Apep°S>_ r_erd[ fu[° rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p ıL|$g Ap∑_ ÏluÎk


‹pfp L$fhpdp¨ Aph° R>°. h$jÆ 2009-2010_u [©[ue A_° km¨N 37du hpQ_rirbf S>°_°"dlp–dp Np¨û hpQ_rirbf' _pd Ap`hpdp¨ ApÏey¨ A_° [° dpV°$ k°hp_p c°M^pfu A°hpÓu rihp_¨]$ A›heyÆ_u k¨ı\p rihp_¨]$ i•nrZL$ k¨Ly$g, huf_Nf_u ipmp_° `k¨]$ L$fhpdpÄphu. Ap rirbfdp¨ rihp_¨]$ ‚p\rdL$ ipmp, huf_Nf_p 11 Ly$dpf [\p 31 L$fiep A_°hu. ù. lpCıL|$g, huf_Nf_u 23 L$fiep A°d Ly$g 65 rh¤p\w cpC-bl°_p°A° cpN gu^p°.

Óu rihp_¨]$ V≤ıV, huf_Nf ‹pfp `Z rhrhO k°hpL$ue `∞h©r—Ap° r_erd[ fu[°ep°≈e R>°. Óu rihp_¨]$ rdi_ ‹pfp k¨Qprg[ lp∑sı`V$g `Z Apfp°¡en°”° A_° Mpk L$fu_°Ap¨Mp°_u kpfhpf dpV°$ rhrhøep[ R>°.

[p. 10-10-2009, ir_hpf° r_e[ L$f°gp kde `∞dpZ° khpf° 09-30 hp¡e°rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p ıL|$g Ap∑_ ÏluÎk Apep°rS>[ rirbfdp¨ S>Í$fu `yı[L$p° A_° Np¨û ap°V$p‚]$iÆ_ kp\° rihp_¨]$ i•nrZL$ k¨Ly$g Mp[° `lp¢√ep, ƒep¨ rh¤p\uÆAp° Adpfu Ap[yf[p\ufpl ≈°C f¸p¨ l[p¨. kp•`∞\d Ad° rirbfdp¨ cpN g°_pf ]$f°L$ rirbfp\w_u _p¢^Zu L$fu [°dS> rirbf dpV°$_u S>Í$fu b°W$L$-Ïehı\p, hpQ_ dpV°$_p¨ yı[L$p° hN°f°_u kcpM¨X$dp¨ Np°W$hZuL$fu. khpf° 10-00 hp¡e° rirbf_y rhr^kf D]π$ pV$_ rihp_¨]$ i•nrZL$ k¨Ly$g_p r_epdL$ÓuA¨[pZukpl°b, ipmp_p ApQpeÆÓu [\p b° bprgL$pAp°_p hf] lı[° ]$u`-‚pNV$È ‹pfpL$fhpdp¨ ApÏey¨.

–epfbp]$ rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p ıL$|g Ap∑_ ÏluÎk_p rinL$Óu ∆h_cpC `V°$g°hpQ_rirbf_p° l°[y rh¤p\wAp° kdn S>Zph[p¨ L$¸y¨ L°$ ApS>_p Ap^yr_L$, TX$ù A_°V°$º_p∑gp°∆_p eyNdp¨ hpQ_-‚h©r— D—fp°—f OV$[u ≈e R>°. ApS>_p° rh¤p\w hpQ_\uAmNp° \[p° ≈e R>°. hpQ_ A° op_Í$ù kudpAp° kf L$fhp_y¨ A°L$ dp›ed R>°, S>°\ur_erd[ fu[° ]$f°L$ rh¤p\wA° kpfp¨ `yı[L$p°_y¨ hpQ_ A_° tQ[_ L$fhy¨ ≈°CA°. Ap l°[y\u S>Ap hpQ_rirbf_y¨ Apep°S>_ L$fhpdp¨ Aph° R>° A_° rh¤p\wAp° `p°[p_p° Ap–drhL$pk Apop_Í$ù dlpkpNf S>°hp¨ `yı[L$p°_p hpQ_ ‹pfp L°$mh° [p° Ap ‚h©r— kp\ÆL$ NZpi°.

k¨ı\p_p r_epdL$ A_° D]π$^pV$_-b°W$L$_p Ar[r\rhi°j Óu A¨[pZukpl°b° [°d_p‚pk¨rNL$ ‚hQ_dp¨ S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p ıL|$g Ap∑_ ÏluÎk ‹pfp Ap`Zu k¨ı\p_°hjp£\u rhrh^ i•nrZL$ ‚h©r—Ap°_p° gpc dm° R>°. Ap b^p L$peÆæ$dp° ‹pfp rh¤p\w-OX$[f, Ïesº[–h-OX$[f A_° kdpS>_y¨ OX$[f \pe R>°. Óu NygpbcpC ≈_u A_° Óud[uDjpbl°_ ≈_u ‹pfp r_:ıhp\Æcph° ıL|$g Ap∑_ ÏluÎk_p op_kcf L$peÆæ$dp°_y¨ Ahpf_hpfr_erd[ fu[° Apep°S>_ L$fhpdp¨ Aph° R>°, S>° M|b S> rhriÙ$ A_° Dd]$p lp°e R>°. Ap b^pL$peÆæ$dp° dpV°$ Ad° [°d_p Apcpfu R>uA° A_° ^fie[p_p° A_ych L$fuA° R>uA°. h^ydp¨

[°d_p ∞hQ_dp¨ [°dZ° S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ ]$f°L$ rirbfp\wA° h^y _° h^y kpfp¨ yı[L$p°_y¨ hpQ_ L$furh¤p\w∆h__° Dfl[ b_phhp_y R>°.

khpf° 11-00 hp¡e° ‚pk¨rNL$ ‚hQ_ bp]$ ]$f°L$ rh¤p\w_° `yı[L$_u `k¨]$Nu A_°hpQ_ dpV°$_p° kde apmhhpdp¨ ApÏep°. ]$f°L$ rh¤p\wA° `p°[p_u `k¨]$Nu A_ykpf `yı[L$p°`k¨]$ L$fu hpQ_ dpV°$ `p°[`p°[p_p N∞|`dp¨ kp• Np°W$hpC Nep¨. b`p°f_p 12-30 hp¡ep kyûhpQ__p° L$peÆæ$d QpÎep°. –epfbp]$ kp• cp°S>_ dpV°$ Nep¨. rh¤p\wAp°_° 01-30 hp¡epkyû rhÓp¨r[ Ap`hpdp¨ Aphu.

b`p°f° 02-30 hp¡e° afu kp• kcpM¨X$dp¨ A°L$W$p¨ \ep¨. afu rh¤p\wAp°_° hpQ_dpV°$ S>Í$fu k|Q_pAp° Ap`hpdp¨ Aphu A_° S>° rh¤p\wAp°_° `yı[L$p° b]$ghp¨ lp°e [p° [°b]$ghp A¨N° d¨S|>fu Ap`hpdp¨ Aphu. b^p¨ rirbfp\wAp°A° kp¨S>_p 04-00 hp¡ep kyûk[[ hpQ_ L$eyØ.

kp¨S>° 04-15 hp¡e° rh¤p\wAp° ‹pfp [°dZ° hp¨Q°g `yı[L$p°_p° `qfQe A_° dp•rML$fuÏe| Ap`hpdp¨ ApÏep. Ap dp•rML$ fuÏe|dp¨ ^p°. 7_u rh¤pr\Æ_uAp° `|≈ fp°L$X$, csº[Nfpmp, hrk[p dL$hpZp, [°S>g kgyqX$ep [°d S> ^p°. 6_p rh¤p\w rS>o°i hX$NpdpA°[°dZ° hpQ°gp¨ `yı[L$p° A_yæ$d° "Np•[d byŸ', "R>° _° l¢ !', "fhufi÷_p\ V$pNp°f', "fp≈lqfÚ¨÷', "h_hNX$p_p¨ ‚pZuAp°' A_° "`lpX$u ‚pZuAp°' rhi° ky¨]$f dp•rgL$ fuÏe| Ap‡ep.Ap ∞k¨N° rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p ıL|g Ap∑_ ÏluÎk_p këp°S>L$ Óu _ftklcpC Qp•lpZ° bpmL$p°_°hpQ_ A¨N° rhi°j dpNÆ]$iÆ_ Ap‡ey¨. [°dZ° Óu Th°fQ¨]$ d°OpZu frQ[ "kp•fpÛV≤$_ufk^pf'dp¨\u A°L$ hp[pÆ "h°f' rhi° S>ZpÏey¨.

–epfbp]$ kp¨S>° 05-00\u 06-00 hp¡ep kyû_p° kde bp•qŸL$ [°d S> kprls–eL$fd[p° dpV°$ apmhpep° l[p°. kp¨S>° 06-00 hp¡ep kyû rirbfp\wAp° rhrh^ fd[p° fÁep¨.

–epfbp]$ kp•A° kp¨S>_y¨ cp°S>_ gu^y¨. cp°S>_ bp]$ kp¨S>° ]$f°L$ rirbfp\wAp°_°07-00\u 07-30 kyû dyº[rhlpf dpV°$_p° kde Ap`hpdp¨ ApÏep°.

fp”° 07-30 hp¡e° l°[y`∞^p_ qaÎd-ip∑_y¨ Apep°S>_ L$fhpdp¨ ApÏey¨. kp•rirbfp\wAp°_° kcpM¨X$dp¨ b°kpX$hpdp¨ ApÏep¨ A_° rhrh^ ‚pZuAp° [°d S> `nuAp°_°gN[u qaÎd ]$ipÆhhpdp¨ Aphu. –epfbp]$ fp”° 10-00 hp¡e° kp• ie_ dpV°$ R|>V$p¨ `X$Èp¨.

[p. 11-10-2009, frhhpf, hpQ_rirbf_p° q‹[ue q]$hk. khpf° 06-30\u07-15 ]$frdep_ kp• rirbfp\wAp° A_° rinL$p° ‚p[:rhr^ `|ZÆ L$fu_° kcpM¨X$dp¨ A°L$W$p¨\ep. 07-30 hp¡e° afu hpQ_ dpV°$_u k|Q_p rirbfp\wAp°_° Ap`hpdp¨ Aphu. A°L$p]$


L$gpL$_p hpQ_ bp]$ 08-30 hp¡e° kp•A° Qp, L$p∑au, ]|$^ A_° AÎ`plpf gu^p¨. 09-00\u11-00 hp¡ep ky u ]$f°L$ rirbfp\w ‹pfp g°rM[ qfÏe| [•epf L$fhpdp¨ ApÏep, S>°dp¨ rihp_¨]$‚p\rdL$ ipmp-huf_Nf ^p°. 5_u rh¤pr\Æ_u Ó°ep ù. X$p¨Nf_p "Ap]$iÆ bpmL$p°', ^p°.5_u rh¤pr\Æ_u qæ$$Û_p X$u. h°L$qfep_p "Q¨ L'$, ^p°. 5_u rh¤pr\Æ_u L$pS>g bu. kp°g¨L$u_p"d_ lp°e [p° dpmh° S>hpe', ^p°. 6_u rh¤pr\Æ_u Dhwip L°$. fp]$qX$ep_p k¨[ L$buf_u`ysı[L$pdp¨\u "d_p°N[', ^p°. 6_u rh¤pr\Æ_u ]$u`pgu bu. fp]$qX$ep_p "Ad° [p° cpCfd[pfpd' `ysı[L$pdp¨\u "fX$[p_° lkphuA° fpd', ^p°. 6_p rh¤p\w fplzg S>°. h°L$qfep_p"Qpgp° kfL$k ≈°hp', ^p°. 7_u rh¤pr\Æ_u hrk[p Apf. dL$hpZp_p "fhufi÷_p\ V$pNp°f',^p°. 7_u rh¤pr\Æ_u |≈ ∆. fp°L$X$_p$ Np•[d byŸ_u ysı[L$pdp¨\u "hï A_° ]°$i', p°. 7_urh¤pr\Æ_u [°S>g A°Q. kgyqX$ep_p "fp≈ lqfÚ¨÷' rhje f_p fuÏe| Ó°$õ$ fuÏe| [fuL°$ k¨]$L$fu S>°-[° rh¤p\w cpCbl°_ `pk° hpQ_ L$fpÏey¨. hu. ù. lpCıL|g, huf_Nf(^p°. 8)_urh¤pr\Æ_u l°[g X$u. lpfNfX$pA° "ıhpdu rhh°L$p_¨]$', ^p°. 8_u rh¤pr\Æ_u ]$np S>°.≈°NfpqX$epA° "hfkp]$ hfıep° `•kp_p°' `yrı[L$pdp¨\u "_kub_u brglpfu', ^p°. 8_urh¤pr\Æ_u _e_p ∆. bpf•epA° "kdSy>_° kyM' ysı[L$pdp¨\u "≈Ny_u Myipgu', ^p°. 9_urh¤pr\Æ_u Q°[_p hu. kqfepA° "A]π$cy[ fuL$\pAp°' ysı[L$pdp¨\u "O¨V$u A_° L$gNuhpmp°L$|L$X$p°', p°. 9_u rh¤pr\Æ_u Apip bu. S>¨S>qfepA° "rMkL$p°gu [p° rMkL$p°gu' ysı[L$pdp¨\u"lp\u A_° V$uV$p°X$u', p°. 9_u rh¤pr\Æ_u d_ujp X$u. ArZeprZepA° "k¨[p°_u ‚°fL$L$\pAp°'`ysı[L$pdp¨\u "D[d Nyfy' hN°f° fuÏe|_° Ó°õ$ fuÏe| [fuL°$ k¨]$ L$fu S>°-[° rh¤p\w cpCbl°_p°`pk° [°d_y¨ hpQ_ L$fpÏey¨.

afu hpf rh¤p\wAp°_° Ïehsı\[ hpQ_ dpV°$_u k|Q_pAp° Apù. 11-00 \u 12-30 kyû k[[ hpQ__p° kde Ap`hpdp¨ ApÏep°. 12-30 `R>u kp• cp°S>_ dpV°$ Nep¨.

b`p°f° 02-30 hp¡e° kdp`_-b°W$L$_u [•epfu L$fhpdp¨ Aphu. kdp`_-b°W$L$_pL$peÆæ$ddp¨ kp•‚\d ^p°. 8_u rh¤pr\Æ_u ]$np ≈°Nfpq]$ep A_° ^p°. 9_u rh¤pr\Æ_u R>pepL$V°$riep ‹pfp "A°L$ k|¨X$gphpmu Aphu f°....'_y¨ ky¨]$f Arc_eNu[ fS|> L$fhpdp¨ ApÏey¨.

–epfbp] dl°dp_p°_y¨ `yı[LNy√R>\u ıhpN[ L$fhpdp¨ ApÏey¨. hpQ_rirbfdpÄr[r\rhi°$j [fuL°$ `^pf°g rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p apDfiX°$i_, fpS>L$p°V$_p _peb r_epdL$Óu]$u`L$cpC ≈°iu_y¨ `yı[L$Ny√R>\u ıhpN[ ^p°. 5_u rh¤pr\Æ_u Ó°ep X$p¨Nf ‹pfp L$fhpdpÄph°g. huf_Nf L°$mhZu d¨X$m, huf_Nf_p V≤$ıV$u Óu A¨[pZukpl°b_y¨ $`yı[L$Ny√R>\uıhpN[ ^p°. 5_u rh¤pr\Æ_u L$pS>g kp°g¨L$u [\p hu. ù. lpCıL|$g, huf_Nf_p¨ ApQpepÆÓud[u NpNwbl°_ ≈°iu_y¨ `yı[L$Ny√R>\u ıhpN[ ^p°. 5_u rh¤pr\Æ_u b¨ku kphrgepA°

L$eyØ l[y¨.

–epfbp]$ b°-q]$hkue hpQ_rirbf A¨N° rirbfp\wAp° h[u rihp_¨]$ ‚p\rdL$ipmp, huf_Nf_u ^p°. 5_u rh¤pr\Æ_u Ó°ep ‚[p`cpC X$p¨Nf, ^p°. 7_p rh¤p\w rQfpNrh_ycpC i°Mrgep [\p hu. ù. lpCıL|$g, huf_Nf_u ^p°. 8_u rh¤pr\Æ_u |≈ ûÍ$cpCbpdV$p A_° ^p°. 9_u rh¤pr\Æ_u Npe”u hı[ycpC MpQf ‹pfp ky¨]$f ‚r[cphp° fS|> \epl[p.

–epfbp]$ Óu A¨[pZukpl°b° `∞pk¨rNL$ D]πbp°^_dp¨ S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ rh¤p\wAp°dp¨hpQ__u V°$h L°$mhpe A_° r_erd[ fu[° hpQ_ L$f°, kp\° kpfp¨ `yı[L$p°, kpfu V$°hp° N∞lZL$fu ∆h_dp¨ [°_y¨ ApQfZ L$fu A_° rh¤p\w∆h__° D√Q b_ph° –epf° S> kpfp _pNqfL$_y¨r_dpÆZ \pe. A° dpV°$ Aphp L$peÆæ$dp° hpf¨hpf ep°≈[p fl° [° SÍ$fu R>°. Ap ‚k¨N° [°dZ°S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p ıL|$g Ap∑_ ÏluÎk_u ]$f°L$ ‚h©r— rhriÙ$ lp°e R>° A_° kpQuL°$mhZu dpV°$ dpNÆ]$iÆL$ b_u fl° R>°. Ap dpV°$ Ad° kp• [°d_p Apcpfu R>uA°.

–epfbp]$ rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p apDfiX°$i__p _peb r_epdL$ Óu ]$u`L$cpC ≈°iuA°`p°[p_p ‚hQ_dp¨ S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ ıL|$g Ap∑_ ÏluÎk ‹pfp ep°≈[u hpQ_rirbf_° M|b S>kpfp° `∞r[kp]$ kp¨`X$Èp° R>°. Alv D`sı\[ rirbfp\wAp°_y¨ k]π$cp¡e R>° L°$ huf_Nf Mp[°Ap L$peÆæ$d_y¨ Apep°S>_ \C f¸y¨ R>°. kp\° rh¤p\wAp° `p°[p_p op__u kudpAp° hpQ_\ukf Lf° A_° ]$f°L$ rh¤p\w kpfy¨ ApQfZ, kpfu _ur[Ap°, kpfp rd”p° S>°hp¨ `yı[L$p°_° Ap^pf°kam[p d°mh° A°hu iyc°√R>pAp° Ïeº[ L$fu. h^ydp¨ bpmL$p°_° [°dZ° ibfu_u k°hpcph_pA_° fpd ‚–e°_p [°d_p kd`ÆZ_u hp[ L$fu. A°L$gÏe L°$ S>°Z° Nyfy ÷p°Z_° `p°[p_p Nyfydpfiep A_° [°Ap°_° dp_kNyfy [fuL°$ Ap–dkp[π L$fu Ó°õ$$ ^_yrhÆ¤p `∞p· L$fu - Ap b^p¨◊Ù$p¨[p° ‹pfp [°dZ° S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ `yı[L$_p iÂ]$p° L$f[p¨ [°_u cph_p A_° N|Y$p\Æ_° kdS>hp_p°‚e–_ L$fhp° ≈°CA°. hpQ__u V°$h `∞–e° A°L$pN∞[p L°$mhhu A_° [°_y¨ tQ[_ L$fhy¨ `Z A°V$gy¨S> dl“h_y¨ b_° R>°.

A¨[dp¨ [°Ap°ÓuA° Alv_p° ]$f°L$ rh¤p\w A°L$ D—d _pNqfL$ b_° A_° kam[pd°mh° [°hu iyc°√R>p Apù.

–epfbp]$ Óu ]$u`L$cpC ≈°iu, Óu A¨[pZukpl°b [\p Óud[u NpNwbl°_ ≈°iu[\p rinL$ cpC-bl°_p°_p hf]$ lı[°>hpQ_rirbfdp¨ cpN g°_pf ]$f°L$ rirbfp\w_°‚dpZ`”p° [\p `yı[L$ "dpfp NpÖubp`y' c°V$ Ap`hpdp¨ ApÏep¨.

A¨[dp¨ rihp_¨]$ ‚p\rdL$ ipmp, huf_Nf_p rinL$ Óu d_ujcpC h°L$qfepA°


Apcpf]$iÆ_ L$f[p¨ A°d_u k¨ı\p_° Aphp rhriÙ$ L$peÆæ$d_p° gpc r_erd[ fu[° rkıV$fr_h°q]$[p ıL|$g Ap∑_ ÏluÎk_u ‚h©r—Ap° ‹pfp dm[p° fl° [°hu cph_p Ïeº[ L$fu.

Ap kdN∞ L$peÆæ$d_y¨ k¨Qpg_ Óu rihp_¨]$ ‚p\rdL$ ipmp, huf_Nf_p rinL$ÓufrkL$cpC `fdpf ‹pfp L$fhpdp¨ ApÏey¨ l[y¨.

–epfbp]$ kp¨S>_p 05-00 hp¡e° kp• Ap_¨]$rhcp°f b_u R|>V$p¨ `X$Èp¨. kp•A° Of[fa ‚epZ LeyØ. Apd Ap Ad|Îe hpQ_rirbf_p° L$peÆæ$d `|ZÆ \ep°.

5.6 : gpCb∞°fu hLÆ$ip∑` :

fpS>L$p°V$, ≈d_Nf A_° kyf°fi÷_Nf rS>âp_u 76 S>°V$gu N∞pÁe rhı[pf_u ipmpAp°_p¨rh¤p\w cpCbl°_p°_p D–L$jÆ dpV°$ R>°âp¨ 16 hjÆ\u L$peÆf[ rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p ıL|$g Ap∑_ÏluÎk ‹pfp [p. 15-11-2009, frhhpf° gpCb∞°fu hLÆ$ip∑`_y¨ Apep°S>_ "q]$Ïe cpıL$f']•$r_L$ h[Ædp_`”_p r_hpku [¨”u Óu L$p_pcpC bp¨V$hp_p A›enı\p_° [°d S> kf]$pf`V°$g drlgp L$p∑g°S>, S|>_pNY$_p |hÆ-‚pQpeÆÓu d_kyMcpC kphrgep_p Ar[r\rhi°j`]°$L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g.

L$peÆæ$d_p ‚pf¨c° ‚pk¨rNL$ D]π$bp°^_ L$f[p¨ k¨ı\p_p V≤$ıV$u Óu bmh¨[cpC ]°$kpCA°S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ k]π$hpQ_ ‹pfp rh¤p\wAp°dp¨ h•QpqfL$ æ$p¨r[ L$fhp_y¨ Adpfy¨ ›e°e R>° A_° [° dpV°$N∞pÁe ipmpAp°_° Ad° `yı[L$pge_u c°V$ Ap`°g R>°. ApS>° Ap `yı[L$pge_° h^pf° kd©ŸL$fhp ıL|$g Ap∑_ ÏluÎk_u 60 ‚p\rdL$ ipmp_p¨ `yı[L$pgep° dpV°$ ]$f°L$ ipmp_° Apif°3500 Í$rèp_u qL≠$d[_p¨ 264 `yı[L$p° A_° 10 dp›erdL$-D√Q[f dp›erdL$ ipmpAp°_p¨`yı[L$pgep° dpV°$ ]$f°L$ ipmp_° Í$rèp 4000_u qL≠$d[_p¨ 90 `yı[L$p° c°V$ ApùA° R>uA°.Ofdp¨ `yı[L$p°_y¨ ı\p_ Of_p Ar_hpeÆ kÊe S>°hy¨ lp°hy¨ ≈°CA°. Ofdp¨ Ïesº[_u k¨øep h^°[°d `yı[L$p°_u k¨øep `Z h^hu ≈°CA°. gpCb∞°fu hLÆ$ip∑`dp¨ [d° ApÏep¨ R>p° [° k|Qh° R>°L°$ [d_° b^p¨_° hpQ_dp¨ M|b S> fk R>°. ıL|$g Ap∑_ ÏluÎk h[u Ap` klz_y¨ ıhpN[ L$fy¨Ry>¨. Óu bmh¨[cpCA° ApS>_p hLÆ$ip∑ dp¨ D`sı\[ ]$f°L$ rinL$_° Óu d_kyMcpC kphrgeprgrM[ `yı[L$ "QpZºe-_ur[' e¨N d∑fik Np¨ûA_ A°kp°rkA°i_ ‹pfp c°V$ Ap`°g.

"q]$Ïe cpıL$f' ]•$r_L$ h[Ædp_`”_p r_hpku [¨”u Óu L$p_pcpC bp¨V$hpA° `p°[p_pD]π$bp°^_dp¨ S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ Alv D`sı\[ NyfyS>_p° F>rj[yÎe R>°. rh¤p_u hp[ _ lp°e [p°cpjZ _\u L$f[p° A_° [¨”u [fuL°$ `Z ≈l°fdp¨ Aph[p° _\u. ApS>° dpf° [dpfu kp\°rhQpfp°_y Ap]$p_-‚]$p_ L$fhy R>°, L$pfZ L°$ rinL$p° A_° rh¤p\wAp°_° dmhp_u [L$ Nydph[p°_\u. [¨”u [fuL°$ kprl–eL$pfp°, rhop_uAp°, fpS>L$ue _°[pAp° A°d rhrh^ n°”_p q]$¡N≈°_°

dmhp_y¨ \pe, `f¨[y rinL$_° dmhp_p° rhi°j Ap_¨]$ Aph° R>°.

Óu bp¨V$hpkpl°b° rinL$p°_° Dÿ°iu_° S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ rinL$p°_° gpCb∞°fu_y¨ dl“hkd≈hhp_y¨ _ lp°e. d_° _p_`Z\u S> hp¨Qhp_p° ip°M l[p° A°V$g° gpCb∞°qfe_ \hp_uB√R>p l[u, `f¨[y `R>u gp¡ey¨ L°$ gpCb∞°qfe_ \ep rkhpe `Z hp¨Qu iL$pe R>°. AÊepkdpV°$ Cfi]$p°f S>hp_y¨ \ey¨. –ep¨ M|b S> dp°V$u gpCb∞°fu l[u, S>°_p° d¢ dl—d gpc gu^p°.ApS>° h°bkpCV$ f\u ]y$r_epcf_y op_ X$pD_gp°X$ L$fu iL$pe, f¨[y b° |W$p¨ h√Q°_p yı[L$_°hp¨Qhp_u S>° d≈ `X°$ [°hu d≈ [°dp¨ _ Aph°. Ad° dprl[u_p S>N[dp¨ L$pd L$fuA° R>uA°.c|[L$pmdp¨ Ap`Zu `pk° op__p° M≈_p° l[p° A_° afu\u op__p° eyN Aphu f¸p° R>°.`yı[L$p° op__p¨ hplL$ R>°. A°L$ Ïesº[A° g°rM[ ıhÍ$`° d|L°$gp op__° hl_ L$f_pfp° f\`yı[L$p° R>°.

IIM_u rinZ`Ÿr[ rhi° kd≈h[p¨ [°Ap°ÓuA° S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ –ep¨ L$p°C`Z rhje_°hp[pÆ, D]$plfZ L°$ fd|S> kp\° ≈°X$u_° AÊepk L$fphhpdp¨ Aph° R>°. Ap hp[pÆAp° M|b S>rhQpf‚°fL$ A_° h•QpqfL$ QQpÆAp°_p¨ ‹pf Mp°gu _pM° [°hu lp°e R>°. Ap hp[pÆAp° rh¤p\w[fuL°$ Ap`Z_° k[[ L$peÆf[ fpM° R>°. hp[pÆ ‹pfp op_ kfm[p\u dm° R>°. IIM_p A°L$‚p°a°kf A°L$ g°ºQf ]$frdep_ ]$k-]$k _hu hp[pÆAp° L$f° R>°. hp[pÆ_p° M≈_p° ºepf°e M|V$[p°_\u. ‚p\rdL$ A_° dp›erdL$ ipmp_p rinL$p°A° `Z rh¤p\wAp°_° hp[pÆ ‹pfp rinZAp`hy¨ ≈°CA°. dprl[u op_ıhÍ$`° ùfkpe [p° ºepf°e cygpe _lv.

A¨[dp¨ [°Ap°ÓuA° rinL$p°_° S>ZpÏey L°$ yı[L$p° rhi° bp°ghp b°kuA° [p° hp[ g¨bpC≈e. A°L$ `Z _hy¨ `yı[L$ hp¨Qip° [p° [d_° A]π$cy[ ape]$p° \i°. _hy¨ `yı[L$ _hp° rhQpfL$fhp ‚°f° R>°. Aby^ dpZk `yı[L$ hp¨Q° [p° rhi°j ape]$p° _ \pe. Nd° [°hu Ïeı[[p h√Q°`Z ]$ffp°S> fp”° k|[p¨ `l°gp¨ A°L$ L$gpL$ _hp¨ `yı[L$p°_y¨ hpQ_ L$fy¨ Ry>¨, dpV°$ S> bu≈¨_°hp¨Qhp dpV°$ L$lu iLy¨$ Ry>¨. ApS>° kde_u depÆ]$p_° L$pfZ° gp¨bp° kde hp[ _\u L$fu iL$[p°.klz_p° M|b S> Apcpf.

Ar[r\rhi°j ‚pQpeÆÓu d_kyMcpC kphrgepA° `p°[p_p D]π$bp°^_dp¨ S>ZpÏey¨L°$ S>°dZ° op__p° eo ‚pf¨c L$ep£ R>° [°hp¨ Djpbl°_ ≈_u A_° NygpbcpC ≈_u_u k¨ı\pdp¨gpCb∞°fu hLÆ$ip∑`dp¨ Aphhp_y¨ r_d¨”Z d˛ey¨ [° b]$g Ap_¨]$ A_ychy¨ Ry>¨. q]$hk°q]$hk°Ap`Z° yı[L$p°\u rhdyM \[p¨ S>CA° R>uA°. rinL$p°dp¨\u yı[L$-hpQ__u V°$h OV$[u ≈e[° ]y$:M_u hp[ R>°. C. k. 1662dp¨ fpS>ı\p__p dlpfpZp fpS>kuA° kfp°hfqL$_pf° kp°mrigpAp° `f L$pÏep° A_° d¨”p° L$p°[fph°gp¨. Ap ı\p__u dygpL$p[ g°hp S>°hu R>°. `yı[L$_y¨dplp–Áe kd≈h[p¨ [°Ap°ÓuA° S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ ≈° fpdpeZ _ gMpey¨ lp°[ [p° fpd-gˇdZ_°


L$p°Z Ap°mM[ ? cpNh[ _ gMpey¨ lp°[ [p° L©$ÛZ-bgfpd_° L$p°Z Ap°mM[ ? hpÎduqL$,iyL$]°$h, h°]$Ïepk° `yı[L$p° _ gøep¨ lp°[ [p° cNhp__° L$p°Z ep]$ L$f[ ? iÂ]$ A° Anf R>°.Anf ∆h¨[ R>°. L$rhAp°_p `N `|≈° S>°dZ° Aphp N∞¨\p° gøep. [°Ap° cNhp__° cNhp_A_° d_yÛe_° d_yÛe b_ph° R>°. ApS>° A¨N∞°∆_y op_ A_° rinZ OV$[p¨ ≈e R>°. dp[©cpjp_pop__u kp\° A¨N∞°∆_y¨ rinZ `Z S>Í$fu R>°. ıhpdu ks√Q]$p_¨]$ L$l° R>° L°$ cNhp_° `•kpAp‡ep lp°e [p° ‚hpk L$fp°. `pk° `•kp _ lp°e [p° ‚hpk_p¨ `yı[L$p° [p° hp¨Qu iL$pe _° ?‚ur[ k°_Ny·pA° ‚hpk_p¨ OZp¨ `yı[L$p° gøep¨ R>°. A°L$ A¨N∞°S> L$rhA° L$¸y¨ R>° L°$ `yı[L$‰uN°V$ R>° S>° ]|$f ]°$iphf gC ≈e R>°. Nfubdp¨ Nfub dpZk `Z `yı[L$p° hp¨Qu iL°$ A_°]°$i]°$iphf_u dprl[u d°mhu iL°$. Ap dykpafudp¨ ºepë Toll tax Ap`hp° `X$[p° _\u.`yı[L$dp¨ L$f°gy¨ fp°L$pZ Oœ¨ ape]$pL$pfL$ R>°. A°L$ L$l°h[ R>° L°$ "L$p°V$ S|>_p° `l°fp°, `yı[L$ _hy¨Mfu]$p°.' kyf°i ]$gpg L$l° R>° L°$ "_hy¨ `yı[L$ lp\dp¨ gJ –epf° _h≈[ bpmL$_° AX$[p° lp°J[°hy¨ A_ychy¨ Ry>¨.' N∞¨\p° dl“h_u OV$_p R>°. ApS>° Cg°ºV≤$p∑r_L$ rdqX$ep ApÏey¨ R>° [° kpfuhp[ R>°, f¨[y [°_p° Ar[f°L$ Mfpb R>°. ldZp¨ Ad° dlpcpf[_p A°L$ gpM Ôgp°L$p°_y cpjp¨[f20 N∞¨\p°dp¨ ‚L$pri[ L$eyØ R>°. `©’hu D`f ”Z f–_p° R>° - `pZu, Afl A_° kycprj[.kycprj[ A°V$g° kpfu hpZu. `yı[L$p°\u Ap`Zp° kp¨ıL©$r[L$ hpfkp° kQhpe R>°. ApS>_pL$peÆrirbfdp¨ rinL$p° ApÏep R>° [° k|Qh° R>° L°$ [d° b^p¨ hpQ_ ‚–e° fyrQ ^fphp° R>p°.Í$rèp_u _p°V$p° MpC iL$p[u _\u [°d S> ^_ khÆıh _\u, R>[p¨ S>Í$fu R>°. kyM_u `pR>m]$p°X$hy¨ _ ≈°CA°. dlpcpf[dp¨ L$¸y¨ R>° L°$ dpZk_° h^ydp¨ h^y S>Í$f L°$V$gu ? k¢L$X$p° N|ZA_pS>dp¨\u dp” A°L$ dyÃ$u A_pS>_u, A°L$ Npe_p ]|$^_u A_° k|hp dpV°$ A°L$ `\pfu_u.Nd° [°V$gy¨ kyM lp°e [p°`Z Ap\u rhi°j A°L$ dpZk_° buSy>¨ L¨$C S>Í$fu _\u. ]$ffp°S>Ak¨øe `yı[L$p° blpf `X°$ R>°, `f¨[y iy¨ hp¨Qhy¨ A_° iy¨ _ hp¨Qhy¨ [°_p° rhh°L$ S>Í$fu R>°. b^pAp_¨]$ c|gu S>hpe [°hp° Ap_¨]$ hpQ_dp¨ R>°. `yı[L$p° Anf_u D`pk_p L$fph° R>°. rinL$p°fuk°k_p kdedp¨ `Z `yı[L$pgedp¨ S>C iL°$. Ap`Z° `yı[L$pgedp¨ _lv S>CA° [p°L$p°Z S>i° ?

A›ep`_`Ÿr[ rhi° S>Zph[p¨ [°Ap°ÓuA° S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ L°$V$gpL$ rinL$p° `pk° ky¨]$ffS|>Ap[ lp°e R>°, L°$V$gpL$ `pk° op_ lp°e R>°, ƒepf° L°$V$gpL$ `pk° [gıìw op_ A_° ky¨]$ffS|>Ap[ L$fhp_u L$mp lp°e R>°. rinL$dp¨ Ap bfl° hı[y lp°hu ≈°CA°. ApQpeÆ fS>_uikpNf eyr_hrkÆV$udp¨ ‚p°a°kf l[p A_° cZph[p –epf° ApMu L$p∑g°S> –ep¨ A°L$” \[u.`prZr_A° iÂ]$p° L°$d bp°ghp [° rhi° D]$plfZ Ap`[p¨ S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ rbgpX$u L°$ hpOZ`p°[p_p b√Qp_° S>° fu[° dp°Y$pdp¨ ]$p¨[\u D`pX°$ [° fu[° rinL°$ `p°[p_u cpjp ‚ep°S>hu.

D—d rinL$dp¨ Ap hı[y klS> lp°e R>°. Nprgb° L$¸y¨ R>° L°$ iy¨ d_° L$rh[p _\u AphX$[u L°$S>°\u ^_ `pR>m ]$p°Xy¨$ ? ∆h_dp¨ dl“h_u bpb[ Ap`œ¨ OX$[f L$fhp_u R>°. ApS>_prinL$p°A° Qy¨bL$–h NydpÏey¨ R>°. Qy¨bL$–h hpQ_, rhQpf A_° rh‹p_p°_p k¨N ‹pfp S> Aph°.kdpS>_p° rinL$p° ‚–e° A_p]$f ≈°hp dm° R>° A_° rinL$p°A° ≈[° dp_ NydpÏey¨ R>°. ApS>°b^p¨_u ]$p°X$ _ pR>m R>° [° L$pfZ° rinL$_y Ahd|Îe_ \ey R>°. A¨[dp¨ [°Ap°ÓuA° S>ZpÏeyL°$ A–epf° IIMdp¨ QpZºe_y d∑_°S>d°fiV$ Qpg° R>°. QpZºe [nrigpdp¨ fpƒeip˜_p ApQpeÆl[p. ∆h_ kp]y$¨. ApMp cpf[dp¨ kp•\u dlp_ dpZk, `f¨[y [°d_u T|¨`X$u `fpm$ A_°Npf\u dY°$gu l[u. armepdp¨ A°L$ _p_p° `’\f h˜p° ^p°hp dpV°$ - Ap [°d_p° h•ch l[p°.[°d_pdp¨ op__u [°S>sıh[p A_° Mydpfu l[u S>°\u ApS>° `Z [°d_° Ap`Z° ep]$ L$fuA°R>uA°. Alv D`sı\[ rinL$p° `Z op_ ‚p· L$fu QpZºe S>°hu [°S>sıh[p A_° Mydpfu‚p· L$fp° [°hu iycL$pd_p.

ApS>_p kdpf¨cdp¨ rhi°j r_d¨r”[ Óu ƒep°–ı_pbl°_ ≈°iuA° p°[p_p ‚hQ_dp¨S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ dpfp r`[p k¨ıL©$[_p ‚p›ep`L$ l[p, `f¨[y k¨≈°Nhip[π dpf° A¨N∞°∆ dp›eddp¨cZhp_y¨ \ey¨. AÊepk `|ZÆ L$epÆ `R>u r`[pA° d_° ‚p›ep`L$ \hp_u hp[ L$fu –epf° d_°NcfpV$ \ep°, f¨[y dpfp hpQ__p ip°M_° L$pfZ° lz¨ kam ‚p°a°kf \C iL$u. hpQ_ ]$qfep° R>°A_° ƒepf° hp¨QuA° –epf° c°Sy>¨ kp\° gC_° S>hy¨. dpfp r`[p "ip¨Ly$[g' cZph[p –epf°L$p∑g°S>_u bu∆ a∑L$ÎV$u_p rh¤p\wAp° Z kp¨cmhp Aph[p. d¢ ud°ûd° kprl–e_p¨ p”p°Ap–dkp[π L$epØ. `yı[L$p°dp¨ Oœ¨ h•rh›e R>°, S>°dp¨_p¨ L°$V$gp¨L$ hp¨Qhp S>°hp¨ lp°e, L°$V$gp¨L$hp¨Qu_° c|gu S>hp S>°hp¨ lp°e, L°$V$gp¨L$ QNmhp S>°hp¨ A_° L°$V$gp¨L$ [p° rd”p° b_phhp S>°hp¨lp°e. ApS>° [p° L$p°C d∑N°rT_ `Z hp¨Q[y¨ _\u. kpfp¨ `yı[L$p° hp¨Qhp_u V°$h `pX$hp\u kpfprhQpfp° Aphi°.

A¨[dp¨ [°Ap°ÓuA° S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ ApS>_p S>dp_pdp¨ `•kp_u qL≠$d[ R>° –epf° `•kp_uqL≠$d[ kd≈°, `f¨[y op__° _S>fA¨]$pS> _ L$fp°. cp°S>__° b]$g° hp¨Qhp_y¨ `k¨]$ L$fp°.fp^pL©$ÛZ_π S>°hp b_p° A_° rhQpfp° L°$ dpfu kd©qŸ dpfp¨ `yı[L$p° li°.

L$peÆrirbf_u ‚h©r—_p cpNÍ$`° rinL$p° dpV°$ r‚sfik`pg X$u. ù. ≈°iu `sÂgL$gpCb∞°fudp¨ ‚–en L$pepÆ_ych fpMhpdp¨ Aph°g, S>°dp¨ `yı[L$p°_y¨ hNwL$fZ, `yı[L$p°_p°A°L$pDfiV$ _¨bf, L$bpV$dp¨ `yı[L$p°_u Np°W$hZu, `yı[L$p° Ap`hp A_° `f[ g°hp_u rhr^,`yı[L$p°_u ≈mhZu, `yı[L$-‚L$piL$p°_u ep]$u hN°f°_u ‚–en [pgud k¨ı\p_p N∞¨\`pgS>ecpC r”h°]$u ‹pfp Ap`hpdp¨ Aph°g.

ApQpeÆÓu dl°icpC ≈_uA° `p°[p_p hº[Ïedp¨ hpQ__p dl“h A¨N°_p


dlp`yfyjp°_p rhQpfp° fS|> L$fu ipmp-L$npA° rh¤p\wAp° dpV°$ ep°S>hp_u hpQ_rirbf-Apep°S>__u krhı[f dprl[u Apù. [°Ap°ÓuA° hpQ_rirbf_° fk‚]$ b_phhp dpV°$rinL$p°_° L°$V$guL$ kprls–eL$ fd[p° fdpX$u S>°dp¨ kprl–eL$pfp°_p¨ D`_pd, kprls–eL$ sºhT,ap°V$p D`f\u kprl–eL$pf_u Ap°mM, kprl–e_u L©$r[ A_° [°_p g°ML$ hN°f° ‹pfp kdN∞L$peÆæ$d_° M|b S> ∆h¨[ b_pÏep°. kprls–eL$ fd[_u ı`^pÆdp¨ ‚\d ”Z rhS>°[p ı`^ÆL$p°_°`yı[L$p°_u c°V$ Apù ‚p°–kprl[ L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g.

rhrh^ kprls–eL$ ı`^pÆAp°dp¨ rhS>°[p ı`^ÆL$p°_p¨ _pd Ap ‚dpZ° R>° :

kprl–eL$pfp°_° Ap°mMp° ı`^pÆ : ‚\d-Óu Ard[pbl°_ ^p°qfep(Óu ù. S>°. i°W$D—fbyr_ep]$u ipmp, ip`f), q‹[ue-Óu cp_ycpC q]$e°fp(∆h_ipmp, Ap¨bfX$u), [©[ue-Óu Q¨]y$cpC O°qV$ep(‚p\rdL$ ipmp, Mf°X$p)

kprls–eL$ sºhT : ‚\d-Óu Ard[pbl°_ ^p°qfep(Óu ù. S>°. i°W$ D—fbyr_ep]$u ipmp,ip`f), q‹[ue-Óu S>eÓubl°_ hp°fp(hu. ù. lpCıL|$g, huf_Nf)

ApS>_p Ap L$peÆrirbfdp¨ 79 rinL$ cpC-bl°_p°A° D–kpl`|hÆL$ cpN gu^°g.

D`sı\[ rinL$p° h[u S>eÓubl°_ hp°fp(hu. u. lpCıL|$g, huf_Nf), S>epbl°_fpW$p°X$(kf]$pf `V°$g rh¤pge, cpX$gp), lf°icpC bpgk(gp°L$ipmp, ^≈mp) A_°hjpÆbl°_ ]$h°(‚p\rdL$ ipmp, dp°V$phX$p)A° ApS>_p hLÆ$ip∑` A¨N° ‚r[cph Ap`[p¨S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ OZp k°rd_pfdp¨ cpN gCA° R>uA°, `f¨[y gpCb∞°fu hLÆ$ip∑`dp¨ ‚\d hpf cpNg°hp_y¨ \ey¨. ıL|$g Ap∑_ ÏluÎk kp\° k¨`LÆ$dp¨ ApÏep `R>u rh¤p\wAp°_° Ad° [°d_pS>fidq]$hk° A_° `pqf[p°rjL$-ıhÍ$`° `yı[L$p° c°V$ ApùA° R>uA°. Alv ]$f°L$ hLÆ$ip∑`_y¨ ky¨]$fApep°S>_ \pe R>° A_° kde`pg_ Qyı[ fu[° \pe R>°. ApS>_p hLÆ$ip°`dp¨ kprls–eL$fd[p°dp¨ M|b S> d≈ X$u A_° Ad° Z Adpfp¨ rh¤p\w cpCbl°_p°_° Aphu fd[p° fdpX$uiy,hpQ__° op_dp¨ a°fhuiy¨ A_° hp¨Q°gy¨ ep]$ fpMhp_p° ‚e–_ L$fuiy¨. Alv_u r‚sfik`pg X$u.ù. ≈°iu `sÂgL$ gpCb∞°fudp¨ Ad_° AgÊe `yı[L$p° ≈°hp_p° gpc d˛ep° R>°. Alv\u ‚p·\e°gu gpCb∞°fu_p° k]y$èp°N L$fu Adpfp¨ bpmL$p°_° `yı[L$p° h¨Qphuiy¨. Ap ‚L$pf_p gpCb∞°fuhLÆ$ip∑` Alv A_y`sı\[ rinL$p° dpV°$ [°d_p ipmp k¨Ly$gdp¨ ep°S>hp dpV°$_y¨ `Z k|Q_\e°gy.

ApS>_p Ap L$peÆæ$ddp¨ ıL|$g Ap∑_ ÏluÎk k¨gî 60 ‚p\rdL$ ipmpAp° A_° 10dp›erdL$-D√Q[f dp›erdL$ ipmpAp°_° ]$f°L$_° Apif° Í$. 3,500-00_p¨ `yı[L$p° A`ÆZL$fhpdp¨ Aph°g, S>°dp¨ ‚[uL$p–dL$ ^p°fZ° Ar[r\Ap°_p hf]$ lı[° X$u. L°$. dl°[p ‚p\rdL$

Ly$dpfipmp-L$p°V$X$pkp¨NpZu, hpS>kyf`fp L$fiepipmp-S>k]$Z, [pgyL$p ‚p\rdL$ ipmp-Mufkfp, Óud[u A°d. A°. ≈_u ∆h_ipmp-Ap¨bfX$u A_° D—f byr_ep]$u rh¤pge-cudp°fp_p ApQpeÆÓu_° `yı[L$-k¨`yV$ Ap`hpdp¨ Aph°g.

L$peÆæ$d_p ‚pf¨c° L$peÆrirbf_u Í$`f°Mp A_° Ar[r\Ap°_p° `qfQe Óu ]$u`L$cpC≈°iu ‹pfp Ap`hpdp¨ Aph°g. kfıh[u-ı[yr[-h¨]$_p k¨ı\p_u `|hÆ-‚p\rdL$ rinL$A›ep`_-d¨q]$f_u bl°_p° Myipgubl°_ hp≈, Cipbl°_ ipl, A°L$[pbl°_ L$V°$riep A_°L$rh[pbl°_ dL$hpZp ‹pfp L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g. dl°dp_p°_y yı[L$Ny√R>\u ıhpN[ q]$ip r”h°]$u,drldp `¨X$Èp, kpnu Mpf°Qp A_° ]°$hpïu M|¨V$ ‹pfp L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g. dl°dp_p°_° ıd©r[rQåÓu bmh¨[cpC ]°$kpC ‹pfp A`ÆZ L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g. ‚\d b°W$L$_y¨ Apcpf]$iÆ_ ıL|$g Ap∑_ÏluÎk_p këp°S>L$ Óu _ftklcpC Qp•lpZ ‹pfp L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g, ƒepf° q‹[ue kdp`_-b°W$L$_y¨ Apcpf]$iÆ_ Óu ∆h_cpC `V°$g ‹pfp L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g. ApS>_p L$peÆæ$ddp¨N∞pÁeipmpAp°_p¨ 73 rinL$ cpCbl°_p° A_° rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p i•nrZL$ k¨Ly$g_p¨ 06 rinL$cpCbl°_p° dmu Ly$g 79 rinL$p° D`sı\[ fl°g. ApS>° ]$f°L$ ipmp_° c°V$ Ap`hp_p¨ yı[L$p°_y

kyÏehsı\[ ‚]$iÆ_ Np°W$hhpdp¨ Aph°g, S>°_p° ]$f°L$ rinL°$ gpc gu^°g. kdN∞ L$peÆæ$d_y¨k¨Qpg_ Óud[u Nu[pbl°_ dpZ°L$ ‹pfp L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g.

5.7 : N∞pÁe rh¤p\wAp°_p D–L$jÆ dpV°$ rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p ıL|$g Ap∑_ ÏluÎk k¨gîipmpAp°_° `yı[L$pge dpV°$_p¨ `yı[L$p° c°V$ Ap`hpdp¨ Aph°g R>°. Ap L$peÆæ$d_p cpNÍ$`°

∆h_ƒep°[ ApÓdipmp, bp°Ofph]$f A_° ‚p\rdL$ ipmp, lp°X$\gudp¨ gpCb∞°fu A ÆZ_p°A°L$ Mpk L$peÆæ$d ep°S>hpdp¨ Aph°g. k¨ı\p_p _peb r_epdL$ Óu ]$u`L$cpC ≈°iuA° ApL$peÆæ$ddp¨ Mpk lpS>fu Apù l[u A_° bpmL$p°_° `yı[L$p°_y¨ ∆h_dp¨ dl“h kd≈huhpQ_-‚h©r— dpV°$ ‚p°–kprl[ L$epØ l[p¨. Ap ‚k¨N° ipmp_p¨ rh¤p\w cpCbl°_p° ‹pfp A°L$ky¨]$f kp¨ıL©$r[L$ L$peÆæ$d_y¨ Apep°S>_ `Z L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g.

5.8 : fpS>L$p°V$-]$iÆ_ L$peÆæ$d :

rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p ıL|$g Ap∑_ ÏluÎk k¨gî ipmpAp°_p¨ bpmL$p° dpV°$ fpS>L$p°V$-]$iÆ__p°

A°L$ Mpk L$peÆæ$d Qpgu f¸p° R>° S>°dp¨ k¨gî ipmpAp°_p¨ bpmL$p°_° k¨ı\p_u bk ‹pfpfpS>L$p°V$ Aphhp-S>hp_u Mpk kyrh^p rh_pd|Îe° Ap`hpdp¨ Aph° R>°. fpS>L$p°V$-]$iÆ_L$peÆæ$d A¨[NÆ[ fpS>L$p°V$_p¨ Óu fpdL©$ÛZ ApÓd, gp°L$rhop_ L°$fi÷, f°kL$p°kÆ, hp°V$k_ÁeyrTed, fpÙ≤$ueipmp, ‚pZu k¨N∞lpge-Ap∆ X°$d S>°hp¨ ı\mp° Aphfu g°hpdp¨ Aph° R>°.Ap hj£ bnu ¨Q ApÓdipmp, Ly$hpX$hp_p¨ 135 rh¤p\wAp°, rihp_¨]$ ‚p\rdL$ ipmp,


huf_Nf_p¨ 39 rh¤p\wAp° A_° ∆h_ƒep°[ ApÓdipmp, bp°Ofph]$f_p¨ 112 rh¤p\wAp°,bnu`¨Q ApÓdipmp, L$pmpkf_p¨ 110 rh¤p\wAp° A_° bnu`¨Q ApÓdipmp [\pkudipmp, Adfp`yf_p¨ 100 rh¤p\wAp°A° [°d_p rinL$p° kp\° Ap L$peÆæ$d_p° gpc gu^p°.

rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p r_f¨[f rinZ L°$fi÷q lfuicpC `V°$g$

6.1 : rkgpC diu_ A ÆZ [°d S> ‚dpZ`” rh[fZ L$peÆæ$d :

rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p r_f¨[f rinZ L°$fi÷, fpS>L$p°V$ ‹pfp k¨Qprg[ CsfiıV$V$ÈyV$ Ap∑aNpd£fiV$ d°qL≠$N ‹pfp S>Í$qfep[d¨]$ bl°_p°_° rkgpC diu_ rh[fZ_p° [\p a°b∞yApfu-2009dp¨NyS>fp[ V°$ºr_L$g bp∑XÆ$, Np¨û_Nf ‹pfp g°hpe°g Npd£fiV$ d°qL≠$N, A°Áb∞p°CX$fu A∑fiX$ a°fikuhLÆ$ [\p V$u.V$u.A°_.ku. (V$uQkÆ V≤°$t_N C_ _uX$g æ$p„V$) `funpdp¨ D—uZÆ \e°g bl°_p°_°‚dpZ`” rh[fZ_p° L$peÆæ$d [p. 24-09-2009_p q]$hk° Óu fuMhcpC kÖhu -‚dyMÓu, gpefik ºgb Ap∑a fpS>L$p°V$ d°C__p A›enı\p_° ep°S>hpdp¨ Aph°g.

‚pk¨rNL$ D]π$bp° _ L$f[p¨ k¨ı\p_p V≤$ıV$uÓu bmh¨[cpC ]°$kpCA° S>ZpÏey L°$ ApS>_pq]$hk° c°V$ Ap`hpdp¨ Aph°g kuhhp_p° k¨Qp° Apr\ÆL$ ıhphg¨b__y¨ ‚[uL$ R>°. Ap k¨ı\p‹pfp hjp£\u Ap L$peÆæ$d Qpgu f¸p° R>° A_° S>Í$qfep[d¨]$ bl°_p° kdpS>dp¨ ıhdp_c°f∆hu iL°$ [° dpV°$ ]$p[pAp° [fa\u rkgpC diu_ c°V$ Ap`hpdp¨ Aph° R>°. ApS>_pL$peÆæ$ddp¨\u ‚°fZp d°mhu h^y _° h^y bl°_p° Npd£fiV$ d°qL≠$N_u [pguddp¨ ≈°X$pi° [°huApip fpMy¨ Ry>¨.

L$peÆæ$d_p A›en Óu fuMhcpC kÖhuA° `p°[p_p D]π$bp°^_dp¨ S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ S>°k¨ı\p_u ApNm rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p_y¨ _pd ≈°X$pe°gy¨ R>° [°hu k¨ı\pdp¨ rh¤p\w [fuL°$ AÊepkL$fhp_y¨ d_° kp•cp¡e ‚p· \ey¨ R>° A_° ApS>° A° k¨ı\p_p A°L$ L$peÆæ$ddp¨ dpf° A›en-ı\p_ ip°cphhp_y¨ \pe R>° –epf° Np•fh A_° np°c_u rdÓ gpNZu A_ychu f¸p° Ry>¨.A¨N∞°∆dp¨ "ApÎdpd∑V$f' iÂ]$ R>° S>°_p° A°L$ A\Æ \pe R>° "S|>_u ipmp' A_° bu≈° A\Æ \peR>° "`pgL$ dp[p.' dpf° d_ Ap k¨ı\p dp[p_p ı\p_° R>° L°$ S>°Z° dpfp Qpqf‘eOX$[fdp¨‚dyM c|rdL$p cS>hu R>°. Ap k¨ı\p D`fR>ây¨ op_ Ap`_pfu k¨ı\p _\u, `f¨[y kpfpıL$p∑gf_° S>fid Ap`_pfu Ap k¨ı\p R>°. ApS>° d_° ≈Zu_° Ap_¨]$ \ep° L°$ Ap k¨ı\p dp”rinZ kp\° k¨L$mpe°g _\u, `f¨[y 45 NpdX$p¨_u 74 ipmpAp°_p¨ 18000 L$f[p¨ h^pf°rh¤p\w cpCbl°_p°_° ]$—L$ gC ∆h_rhL$pk dpV°$ ıL|$g Ap∑_ ÏluÎk _pd_p° AN–e_p°‚p°S>°ºV$ Qgphu flu R>°. Alv r_f¨[f rinZ L°$fi÷ ‹pfp drlgp-D–L$jÆ_u rhi°j ‚h©r—Ap°

Qpgu flu R>°. fpƒe_p¨ Ó°õ$ |hÆ-`∞p\rdL$, ‚p\rdL$ A_° dp›erdL$ ipmp_p rinL$_° ip°û[°d_° `pqf[p°rjL$ Ap`hp_y¨ L$pd L$fhp D`fp¨[ S>Í$qfep[d¨]$ rh¤p\wAp°_° hj£ b°\u ”ZgpM Í$rèp S>°hu dp[bf fL$d_u ıL$p∑gfri` Ap`hp_u ‚i¨k_ue L$pdNufu `Z Qpguflu R>°.

Óu kÖhuA° Q∑qfV$u iÂ]$_p° A\Æ kd≈h[p¨ S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ Q∑qfV$u_p OZp ‚L$pf lp°CiL°$. Nfub_° klpe L$fhu A\hp S>° dp[p-r`[p_y¨ bpmL$ cep_L$ budpfudp¨ d©–ey kp\°kÖjÆ L$f° R>° –epf° [°_° klpe L$fhu A°_° S> dp” Q∑qfV$u _ L$l°hpe. ‚cy kpd° lp\ ≈°X$u_°EcuA° –epf° Ap`Z° `Z Nfub b_u S>CA° R>uA°. ]$f°L$ dpZk Q∑qfV$u L$fhp knd R>°.]$f°L$ dpZk ≈° ]$ffp°S> Í$.1/-_y¨ ]$p_ L$f° [p° Z Q∑qfV$uhLÆ$ OZy¨ Dèp°Nu \C iL°$. rh¤p\w_°rinZ Ap`hy¨ A° D—d Q∑qfV$u R>°. Ap k¨ı\pA° dpfp Qpqf‘e_y¨ OX$[f L$fu ∆h_d|Îep°kd≈Ïep¨ [° Ap k¨ı\p pk°\u d_° dm°gu dp°V$pdp¨ dp°V$u Q∑qfV$u R>°. Ap k¨ı\pdp¨\u k°hp_p¨d|Îep° Ap–dkp[π L$fu ApS>° gpefik ºgb Ap∑a fpS>L$p°V$ d°C_ A_° d°kp°r_L$ N∞|` ‹pfp d|L$k°hp_y L$peÆ L$fu f¸p° Ry>¨. Óu kÖhuA° Ap [bΩ°$ rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p k¨ı\p_° Nfub rh¤p\wAp°_°klpe L$fhp dpV°$ Í$.10,000-00_y¨ ]$p_ ≈l°f L$f°g.

rkgpC diu_ A ÆZ kdpf¨cdp¨ [pgudp\w bl°_ Ardjpbl°_ ]y$bg_° Ad°qfL$p-sı\[ Óud[u AfyZpbl°_ V°$g_p kp•S>fie\u [°d_p¨ dp[yÓu [pfpd[ubl°_ A°k. dQÆfiV$_pıdfZp\£ [°d S> [pgudp\w bl°_p° dp•kdubl°_ AqY$ep A_° du_pLy$dpfu `|ZÆh•fpNu_°Ad°qfL$p-sı\[ X$p∑. L$p__bl°_ `p”phpgp_p kp•S>fie\u [°d_p r`[pÓu X$p∑. L$p¨r[gpgX$u. drZepf_p ıdfZp\£ Óu fuMhcpC kÖhu, Óu bmh¨[cpC ]°$kpC A_° Óuƒep°–ı_pbl°_ ≈°iu_p lı[° rkgpC diu_ c°V$ Ap`hpdp¨ Aph°g [°d S> Npd£fiV$ d°qL≠$N,A°Áb∞p°CX$fu A∑fiX$ a°fiku hLÆ$ [\p V$u.V$u.A°_.ku.(V$uQkÆ V≤°$t_N C_ _uX$g æ$p„V$)_u funpdp¨D—uZÆ \e°g bl°_p°_° ‚dpZ`” A`ÆZ L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g.

rkgpC diu_ ‚p· L$f_pf bl°_p°A° `p°[p_p ‚r[cphdp¨ S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ Ap rkgpCdiu_ Adpf° d_ ıhphg¨b__y¨ ‚[uL$ b_u fl°i°, S>°_p° Ad° r_erd[ Dèp°N L$fu Adpfp¨Ly$Vy¨$b_° `|fL$ klpe `|fu `pX$u Apr\ÆL$ ıhphg¨b_ ‚p· L$fuiy¨ [°d S> k¨ı\p_p¨ k¨ı\pr`L$pÓud[u Djpbl°_ ≈_u_u drlgp-kisº[L$fZ_u cph_p_° Ad° kp\ÆL$ L$fuiy.

L$peÆæ$d_p ‚pf¨c° Ar[r\Ap°_y¨ iÂ]$p°\u ıhpN[ Apf[ubl°_ iyºg ‹pfp L$fhpdpÄph°g. k¨ı\p_p° [\p Ar[r\rhi°j_p° `qfQe ]$u`L$cpC ≈°iu ‹pfp Ap`hpdp¨ Aph°g.BsfiıV$V$ÈyV$ Ap°a Npd£fiV$ d°qL≠$N_p° Al°hpg Ardjpbl°_ ]y$bg ‹pfp fS|> L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g.Ar[r\_° ıd©r[rQå Óu bmh¨[cpC ]°$kpC ‹pfp A`ÆZ L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g [°d S> L$peÆæ$d_°


A¨[° Apcpf]$iÆ_ ep°rN_ubl°_ bp°fukpNf ‹pfp Ïeº[ L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g. kdN∞ L$peÆæ$d_y¨k¨Qpg_ Ardjpbl°_ ]y$bg ‹pfp L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g. ApS>_p kdpf¨cdp¨ rinL$p°, rh¤p\wAp°,hpguAp° A_° r_d¨r”[ dl°dp_p°A° rhipm k¨øepdp¨ D`sı\[ flu gpcp\w bl°_p°_°‚p°–kprl[ L$f°g.

6.2 : 'The Rainy Season' L$Á‡eyV$fpC»X$ ‚°TfiV°$i_ ı`^pÆ :

k¨ı\p k¨Qprg[ i∑f A∑fiX$ L∑$f L$Á‡eyV$f k°fiV$fdp¨ dpfie AÊepkæ$d D`fp¨[ ]•$r_L$∆h_dp¨ L$Á‡eyV$f_u Ïep`L$[p A¨N° ≈N©r[ gphhp dpV°$ rhrh^ ı`^pÆAp°_y Apep°S>_ L$fhpdpÄph° R>°.

hjpÆF>[y_° A_ygnu_° [p. 25-09-2009_p q]$hk° hjpÆF>[y_p¨ rhrh^ ıhÍ$`p°_°L$Á‡eyV$f ‹pfp fS|> L$fhp_u ı`^pÆ 'The Rainy Season'_y¨ Apep°S>_ L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g. Apı`^pÆdp¨ 17 ı` ÆL$p°A° cpN gu °g. ı`^pÆ_p r_ZpÆeL$ [fuL°$ DÎL$pbl°_ fphg° k°hp Ap °gu.

Ap ı`^pÆdp¨ _uQ°_p¨ ı`^ÆL$p° rhS>°[p \ep¨ :

‚\d-L$rh[pbl°_ dL$hpZp, q‹[ue-AS>_pbl°_ kN`qfep, [©[ue-Myipgubl°_hp≈, ‚p°–kpl_-Cipbl°_ ipl [\p AÎ`pbl°_ kplp°rgep

6.3 : _pfpeZ rh¤pge, cÍ$Q_p¨ rinL$p°_u k¨ı\p dygpL$p[ :

rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p i•nrZL$ k¨Ly$g A_° rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p r_f¨[f rinZ L°$fi÷dp¨ L$fhpdpÄph[p rinZ_p Ah_hp ‚ep°Np° A_° i•nrZL$ ‚h©r—_u ‚–en dprl[u d°mhhp dpV°$NyS>fp[ A_° NyS>fp[ blpf_u rinZk¨ı\pAp°_p¨ rinL$p° Ahpf_hpf Aph° R>°. [p. 30-09-2009_p q]$hk° cÍ$Q_u øep[_pd rinZk¨ı\p _pfpeZ rh¤pge_p¨ ‚p\rdL$,dp›erdL$ A_° hluhV$u rhcpNdp¨ L$peÆf[ ]$k rinL$ cpC-bl°_p° k¨ı\p_u dygpL$p[°`^pf°g.

k¨ı\p_u ‚Zpgu dyS>b rinL$p°_° AphL$pf Ap‡ep bp]$ ‚\d r_f¨[f rinZ L°$fi÷_prhrh^ rhcpNp° A_° ‚h©r—Ap°_u rhN[hpf dprl[u Ap`hpdp¨ Aph°gu. Alv Qpg[p¨ i∑fA∑fiX$ L∑$f BsfiıV$V$ÈyV$ Ap∑a lp°d d∑_°S>d°fiV$, i∑f A∑fiX$ L∑$f L$Á‡eyV$f k°fiV$f, `|hÆ-‚p\rdL$rinL$ A›ep`_ d¨q]$f, BsfiıV$V$ÈyV$ Ap∑a Npd£fiV$ d°qL≠$N, r‚sfik`pg X$u. ù. ≈°iu `sÂgL$gpCb∞°fu, ^fihfi[qf Ap•jûe D`h_ [\p M°gpOf hN°f°_u dygpL$p[\u rinL$p° M|b S>

‚cprh[ \e°g. k¨ı\p_p¨ k¨ı\p`L$p° Óud[u Djpbl°_ ≈_u A_° Óu NygpbcpC ≈_u_ui•nrZL$ ‚h©r—Ap°, NyS>fp[_p rinZS>N[dp¨ [°d_y¨ ‚]$p_ A_° k¨ı\p_u ı\p`_p_u

c|rdL$p Óu ]$u`L$cpC ≈°iuA° fS|> L$f°gu. Ap [L°$ k¨ı\p-k¨Qprg[ `|hÆ-‚p\rdL$ rinL$A›ep`_ d¨q]$f_u [pgudp\w bl°_p° ‹pfp Arc_eNu[ fS|> L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g [°d S> Ar[r\k¨ı\p_p rinL$p° ‹pfp Z b° Arc_eNu[p° M°gpOf_p¨ bpmL$p° kdn fS|> L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g.

rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p r_f¨[f rinZ L°$fi÷_u dygpL$p[ bp]$ rinL$p°A° rkıV$f r_h°q]$[pi•nrZL$ k¨Ly$g_u dygpL$p[ gu^°gu. Alv bpgd¨q]$f_u rhrh^ ‚h©r—Ap°, ıhr_rdÆ[kp^_p°_y¨ ‚]$iÆ_, Ap^yr_L$ bpgrinZ_p¨ kp^_p° hN°f°_p° AÊepk L$f°g. –epfbp]$bpgd¨q]$f_p¨ rinL$p° ‹pfp ipmp_p kcpM¨X$dp¨ ep°≈e°g bpm-‚h©r—Ap°_y¨ ‚–en r_]$iÆ_Np°W$hhpdp¨ Aph°g, S>°dp¨ S>Î`pbl°_ Qp•lpZ ‹pfp "V$p° uhpmp° a°qfep°' hp[pÆ_y _pV$ÈÍ$`p¨[f[°d S> fpS>°Óubl°_ hOpqX$ep A_° ∆h¨r[L$pbl°_ fphg ‹pfp "``°V$ ip∑' fS|> L$fhpdpÄph°g. ‚p\rdL$ rhcpN_u dygpL$p[ ]$frdep_ rhrh^ rhjep°_p p°. 1\u 7_p¨ rh¤p\wAp°A°[•epf L$f°g ‚p°S>°ºVπ$k, lı[rgrM[ A¨L$, rQ”L$pd A_° lı[L$gp_p _d|_p, byg°qV$_ bp∑XÆ$dp¨rh¤p\wAp°A° fS|> L$f°gu L©$r[Ap°, f¨Np°mu hN°f°_p° krhı[f AÊepk L$fu S>Í$fu _p¢^ L$fubpmL$p° A_° rinL$p°_p L$peÆ_° rbf]$ph°g. dygpL$p[_° A¨[° _pfpeZ rh¤pge\u `^pf°grinL$p° h[u ApQpepÆ Óud[u A¨S>_pbl°_ ]°$kpCA° k¨ı\p_p° Apcpf Ïeº[ L$f°g [°d S>Alv\u OZu A_yL$fZue ‚h©r—Ap° iuMhp d˛ep_p° k¨[p°j Ïeº[ L$f°g.

6.4 : L$Á‡eyV$fpC»X$ f¨Np°mu ı`^pÆ :

[p. 09-10-2009_p q]$hk° ]u$ p°–khu [l°hpfp°_° A_ygnu_° L$Á‡eyV$fpC»X$ f¨Np°muı`^pÆ_y¨ Apep°S>_ L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g, S>°dp¨ ı`^ÆL$p°A° rhrh^ ApL$pf A_° f¨N-këp°S>_kp\°_u f¨Np°muAp° L$Á‡eyV$f ‹pfp ‚]$riÆ[ L$f°gu.

ı`^pÆ_y¨ Apep°S>_ ”Z rhcpNdp¨ L$fhpdp¨ Aph°gy¨, S>°dp¨ ‚\d rhcpNdp¨ L$Á‡eyV$fk°fiV$f_p 19 rh¤p\wAp°, q‹[ue rhcpNdp¨ `|hÆ-‚p\rdL$ rinL$ A›ep`_ d¨q]$f_p¨ 09[pgudp\w bl°_p° [\p [©[ue rhcpNdp¨ M°gpOf_p¨ 21 c|gL$pÄp°A° cpN gu °gp°. ı`^pÆ_pr_ZpÆeL$ [fuL°$ Óu lfuicpC `V°$g° k°hp Ap`°gu.


i∑f A∑fiX$ L∑$f L$Á‡eyV$f k°fiV$f : ‚\d-gu_p fpeQyfp, q‹[ue-qL≠$S>g ]°$kpC, [©[ue-Ly$kydbl°_cÀ$ [\p `qf[p gpX$hp

`|hÆ-‚p\rdL$ rinL$ A›ep`_ d¨q]$f : ‚\d-A¨S>_p kN`qfep, q‹[ue-L$rh[p dL$hpZp

M°gpOf : ‚\d-Ó°ep fdpf, q‹[ue-ÓuS> lp\u, [©[ue-Apq]$–e ASy>qX$ep, ‚p°–kpl_-D–kh ]$h°, Myiu NS>°fp [\p ]°$hpïu cpgp°qX$ep


6.5 : L$Á‡eyV$f Ap^pqf[ "kdpS> Dèp°Nu ‚L$Î`' ı`^pÆ :

[p. 30-11-2009_p q]$hk° h[Ædp_ kdıepAp° A_° Apfp°¡erhjeL$ kcp_[p≈N©[ L$fhp L$Á‡eyV$f-Ap^pqf[ "kdpS> Dèp°Nu ‚L$Î`'_y¨ Apep°S>_ L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g.rh¤p\wAp° ‹pfp CfiV$f_°V$ D`f\u L$gp, ifufip˜, rhrh^ fp°Np°, ifuf-ıhpı’e B–epq]$rhjep°_° L°$fi÷dp¨ fpMu A°L$ dpk ]$frdep_ dprl[u A°L$” L$fu ‚p°S>°ºV$-ıhÍ$`° fS|> L$f°g.]$k rh¤p\wAp°A° Ap ‚p°S>°ºV$-L$peÆdp¨ cpN gC op_kcf dprl[u fS|> L$f°gu. ‚p°S>°ºV$-L$peÆ_p r_ZpÆeL$ [fuL°$ ]$u`L$cpC ≈°iuA° k°hp Ap`°gu. ‚\d `p¨Q rhS>°[p ı`^ÆL$p°_p¨_pd _uQ° ‚dpZ° R>° :

‚\d-rd—g gpX$hp (Culture of India), q‹[ue-qL≠$S>g ]°$kpC (Cancer),[©[ue-gu_p fpeQyfp (Meditation), ‚p°–kpl_-lfui _•_pf (Heart), `qf[p gpX$hp(Swine Flu)

6.6 : k¨ı\p_u dygpL$p[° dlp_ycphp° :

(1) Óu L°$. X$u. bNX$p, rS>âp rinZpr^L$pfu, fpS>L$p°V$ rS>âp°, fpS>L$p°V$, (2) ÓuL$p_pcpC bp¨V$hp, r_hpku [¨”u, "q]$Ïe cpıL$f', fpS>L$p°V$, (3) Óu d_kyMcpC kphrgep,`|hÆ-‚pQpeÆ, fpS>L$p°V$, (4) ‚p°. Apf. ku. `p°`V$, `|hÆ-‚p›ep`L$, fpS>L$p°V$, (5) ÓufuMhcpC kÖhu, ‚dyM, gpefik ºgb Ap∑a fpS>L$p°V$ d°C_, fpS>L$p°V$, (6) Óu d|L°$icpCX$p¨Nf, ‚p\rdL$ ipmp, Ddfpmu, (7) _pfpeZ rh¤pge, cÍ$Q_p¨ rinL$p° Óu A¨S>_pbl°_]$°kpC, Óu dl°icpC `V°$g, Óu qæ$ıV$ukpl°b, Óu l°dpbl°_ cÀ$ [\p Óu b°gpbl°_, (8)Ap_¨]$ r_L°$[_, k°hpN∞pd, rS>. h^pÆ_p¨ rinL$p° Óu kyÛdpbl°_ idpÆ, Óu rQ”pbl°_ L$pV°$,Óu S>epbl°_ NhX°$, Óu S>eÓubl°_ L$pdX°$, Óu d_ujpbl°_ Mp¨X°$, Óu `yÛ`pbl°_ Ly$X°$,Óu r‚epbl°_ DNg°, Óu ƒep°r[bl°_ hpOdpf° [\p Óu ¨qX$[ Q¨X$p°e°, (9) Óu ≈N©r[bl°_kp`fp, fpS>L$p°V$, (10) X$p∑. qL≠$S>gbl°_ ipl, fpS>L$p°V$, (11) Óu ºeyfubl°_ OyX$riep,fpS>L$p°V$.

r‚sfik`pg X$u. ù. ≈°iu `sÂgL$ gpBb∞°fuq c|`°fi÷cpC r”h°]$u

7.1 : Np¨ûkprl–e ‚]$iÆ_ :

r‚sfik`pg X$u. ù. ≈°iu `sÂgL$ gpCb∞°fu_p D`æ$d° Np¨ûS>e¨[u_° A_ygnu_°[p. 02-10-2009\u [p. 08-10-2009 ky u Np¨ ukprl–e ‚]$iÆ__y Apep°S>_ L$fhpdp¨

Aph°g. Ap ‚]$iÆ_dp¨ Np¨û∆ ‹pfp gMpe°g [°d S> Np¨û∆ rhi° gMpe°g `yı[L$p°, g°Mp°,d∑N°rTfik hN°f° ‚]$riÆ[ L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g. A°L$ k·pl Qpg°gp Ap ‚]$iÆ__u dygpL$p[ rhipmk¨øepdp¨ Np¨ûkprl–efrkL$p° ‹pfp g°hpdp¨ Aphu.

7.2 : 144du N∞¨\Np°rõ$ :

[p. 07-10-2009_p q]$hk° r‚sfik`pg X$u. ù. ≈°iu `sÂgL$ gpCb∞°fu ‹pfp144du N∞¨\Np°rõ$ kcp_y¨ Apep°S>_ L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g. ApS>_u N∞¨\Np°rõ$dp¨ ApL$pihpZuA_° ]|$f]$iÆ__p `|hÆ-‚p°N∞pd ‚p°X$Èykf Óu ]°$h°_cpC ipl ‹pfp gMpe°g L$\p, `V$L$\p A_°k¨hp]$\u [•epf L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g V°$guqaÎd "`fbhphX$u_p Adf ]°$hu]$pk∆'_p° Óp°[pAp°A°fkpıhp]$ dpZ°g.

N∞¨\Np°rõ$_p ‚pf¨c° Óu ]$u`L$cpC ≈°iuA° V°$guqaÎd_p° `qfQe Ap`[p¨ S>ZpÏey¨ L°$Ap qaÎd kfıh[u ıVy$qX$ep°-S|>_pNY$ ‹pfp [•epf L$fhpdp¨ Aphu R>° S>°_p r_dpÆ[p d_p°S>≈°b_ y”p R>°. qaÎd_y q]$¡]$iÆ_ kyrhøep[ q]$¡]$iÆL$ Óu rih]$pk Ïepk ‹pfp L$fhpdp¨ Aph°gR>°. k¨Nu[ d_p°S>-rbdg ‹pfp Ap`hpdp¨ Aph°gy¨ R>°, ƒepf° cS>_p°_° L¨$W$ cpf[u ÏepkA_° ‚azâ ]$h°_p° dm°gp° R>°. L$\p-`V$L$\p A_° k¨hp]$_y¨ g°M_ ]°$h°_cpC ipl ‹pfp L$fhpdpÄph°g R>°. [°Ap°ÓuA° Ap l°gp¨ Z prdÆL$ A_° A•r[lprkL$ c|rdL$p f Ap^pqf[ "L©$ÛZ-ky]$pdp' A_° ""fp'dp¨X$rgL$'' S>°hu V°$guqaÎd_y¨ r_dpÆZL$peÆ L$f°g R>°. lpgdp¨ ]$f d¨Nmhpf°fp”° kpX$p_h L$gpL°$ [°Ap°Óu ‹pfp [•epf L$fhpdp¨ Aph°gu _ftkl dl°[p_p ∆h_ f Ap^pqf[Ó°Zu ApL$pihpZu_p h°ıV$Tp°__p ]$f°L$ L°$fi÷ `f\u ‚kpqf[ L$fhpdp¨ Aphu flu R>°.

V°$guqaÎd_u c|rdL$p kd≈h[p¨ Óu ]°$h°_cpCA° S>ZpÏey L°$ L$rh Óu Ddpi¨L$f ≈°iuA°Th°fQ¨]$ d°OpZu_° ‚Ò L$ep£ L°$ "iy¨ kp•fpÙ≤$dp¨ dp” k¨[ A_° i|fpAp° S> S>fid° R>° ?' –epf° Óud°OpZucpCA° S>hpb Ap‡ep° L°$, "Ap L$\pAp° A_° OV$_pAp° buS> R>°, S>°_p ‹pfp kp•fpÙ≤$_u

Asıd[p Ecu \pe R>°.' ApS>_u V°$guqaÎd "`fbhphX$u_p Adf ]°$hu]$pk∆'_p° `qfQeAp`[p¨ [°Ap°ÓuA° S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ ]°$hu]$pk_u OV$_p 350 hjÆ `l°gp¨_u R>°. Nuf_p S>¨Ngdp¨[°dZ° L$p°qY$ep¨ A_° fº[ùr[ep¨_u kpfhpf_p° ApÓd ı\p‡ep°. ApÓd_p c¢kpZ\ud|mı\p_° `lp¢Q[p¨ ApS>° `Z Qpf L$gpL$ S>°hp° kde gpN° R>° –epf° [° k¨≈°Np°dp¨ L°$V$guL$W$ZpC li° ! Aphp L$qW$_ k¨≈°Np°dp¨ [°dZ° ^f[udp¨ k°hp_y¨ buS> hpÏey¨ S>° ApS>° hV$h©nbfiey¨ R>°. Óu ipl° S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ L$peÆæ$d_p° ‚pf¨c L$fhp° A_° ApNm ^`phhp° M|b S> dyÌL°$glp°e R>°. rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p k¨ı\p_y¨ D]$plfZ Ap`[p¨ [°Ap°ÓuA° S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ Ap k¨ı\p_y¨buS> Z Óud[u Djpbl°_ ≈_u A_° Óu NygpbcpC ≈_uA° ApS>\u Qpguk hjÆ l°gp¨


fpdL©$ÛZ_Nf_p A°L$ kpdpfie fl°ZpL$ dL$p_dp¨ hph°g A_° dp” 13 bpmL$p°_p bpgd¨q]$f\uAp k¨ı\p_p° ‚pf¨c L$f°g. ApS>° [°d_p¨ ‚e–_ A_° dphS>[\u rkıV$f r_h°q]$[p k¨ı\phV$h©n b_u NC R>°.

–epfbp]$ prdÆL-$L$\p f Ap^pqf[ A_° kÿ]$f dphS>[ L$f°gu V°$guqaÎd_p° rhipmk¨øepdp¨ D`sı\[ kprl–efrkL$p°A° fkpıhp]$ dpŒep°. ‚ı[y[ V°$guqaÎd_p dp›ed ‹pfp`V$L$\pg°ML°$ Ap^yr_L$ kde_° A_yÍ$` kdpS>ky^pfp_p rhrh^ k¨]°$ipAp° S>°hp L°$^dÆr_f`°n[p, _p[≈[_p c°]$cph_u _pb|]$u, L$p°du A°L$[p, fº[ùr[epÄp°_u k°hp,Afl]$p_, _pfukfidp_, ‚pQu_ cS>_p°dp¨ csº[_p° M≈_p° hN°f° AkfL$pfL$ fu[° S>_-S>_ kyû lp¢QpX$hp_p° ‚e–_ L$f°g R>°. V°$guqaÎd_y¨ q]$¡]$iÆ_, ap°V$p°N∞pau, k¨Nu[, cS>__uNpeL$u, ı\m`k¨]$Nu, Arc_e, k¨hp]$p°, kde`pg_ hN°f°_u ‚°nL$p°A° cf`|f ‚i¨kp L$fu.

L$peÆæ$d_° A¨[° Apcpf]$iÆ_ L$f[p¨ `|hÆ-‚p›ep`L$ Óu rldpïy cÀ°$ S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ ApV°$guqaÎd ‹pfp iÂ]$p°_u Q°[_p ‚NV$u R>°. Ap`Zp¨ ^prdÆL$ V≤$ıV$p°A° Aphu ky¨]$f A_°L$pqW$ephpX$_u Asıd[p_° D≈Nf L$f[u V°$guqaÎd_° ]y$r_ep_u ]$f°L$ AN∞Zu cpjpdp¨ ‚NV$L$fhu ≈°CA°. d^f V°$f°kp_p Ahkp_ kde° A¨S>rg Ap`[p¨ _pd]$pf p°` p°g° S>Zph°g L°$d^f° ∆h_dp¨ Qd–L$pfp° L$epÆ R>° dpV°$ [°d_° `|∆A° R>uA°. Qd–L$pf A° "M°Qfu rh¤p' R>°.k¨[p° ‚–e°_u ÓŸp A_° [°d_p ApiuhpÆ]$ ∆h__u ]$ip A_° q]$ip `gV$phu iL°$ R>°.

ApS>_p L$peÆæ$ddp¨ N¨∞\Np°rõ$ kcp_p Ap]$fZue kÊeÓu Q¨]y$cpC W$L$fpg_u `p•”uA_° N∞¨\Np°rõ$_u kÊe rd[pgubl°_ W$L$fpg_° _V$fpS> ApVÆ$ apDfiX°$i_ ‹pfp ep°≈e°grQ”ı`^pÆdp¨ "Np°ÎX$d°X$g' ‚p· L$fhp b]$g N∞¨\Np°rõ$ `qfhpf h[u Arc_¨]$_ `pW$hhpdpÄph°g. D`fp¨[ Np¨ûS>e¨[u r_rd—° r‚sfik`pg X$u. ù. ≈°iu `sÂgL$ gpCb∞°fu ‹pfpApep°rS>[ Np¨ûkprl–e‚]$iÆ_ r_lpmhp dpV°$ klz kÊep°_° r_d¨”Z `pW$hhpdp¨ Aph°g.

7.3 : 145du N∞¨\Np°rõ$ :

r‚sfik`pg X$u. ù. ≈°iu `sÂgL$ gpCb∞°fu ‹pfp Apep°rS>[ 145du N∞¨\Np°rõ$_yÄpep°S>_ [p. 04-11-2009_p q]$hk° L$fhpdp¨ ApÏey¨. ApS>_u N∞¨\Np°rõ$dp¨ ‚p›ep`L$ÓuApf. ku. `p°`V$ ‹pfp "Nu[pdp¨ rinZ' rhje `f rh‹—p`|ZÆ ‚hQ_ Ap`hpdp¨ ApÏey¨.

L$peÆæ$d_p ‚pf¨c° hL$[pÓu_p° `qfQe Ap`[p¨ Óu ]$u`L$cpC ≈°iuA° S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ Óu`p°`V$kpl°b R>°Îgp¨ 49 hjp°Æ\u A\Æipı” rhje_p A›ep`L$ [fuL°$ rinZL$peÆ L$fu f¸pR>°. lpgdp¨ [°Ap°Óu kp¨r]$`_u CsfiıVV$ÈyV$ Ap∑a CL$p°_p°rdL$ fukQÆ, fpS>L$p°V$_p qX$f°L$V$f [fuL°$k°hp Apù f¸p R>°. [°Ap°ÓuA° A\Æipı” rhje_p¨ 12 yı[L$p° A_° 50 D`fp¨[ A\Æipı”-

rhjeL$ kïp°^_p°_y¨ g°M_L$peÆ L$f°gy¨ R°. fpƒe, fpÙ≤$ A_° Ap¨[ffpÙ≤$ue L$np_u A\Æipı”rhje_u L$p∑fiaffikdp¨ ‚r[r_r^–h L$f°gy¨ R>°. h[Ædp_`”p° [°d S> kpdreL$p°dp¨ L$V$pfg°M_,L$pÏe, r_b¨^ A_° dprl[ug°Mp°_y¨ g°M_L$peÆ r_erd[ fu[° L$f°g R>°. ApL$pihpZu A_°]|$f]$iÆ__p dpfie _pV$È L$gpL$pf [fuL°$ k°hp Apù f¸p R>°. L$p∑g°S>L$pmdp¨ ‚p›ep`L$ [fuL°$_uk°hp D`fp¨[ A°_. ku. ku. Ap∑qakf [fuL°$ `Z k°hp Ap °gu.

Óu `p°`V$kpl°b° hp[pÆgp`_p° `∞pf¨c L$f[p¨ S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ ApS>_u Ap kcpdp¨ Nu[p_°∆hhp_p° ‚e–_ L$fu fl°gp gp°L$p° Alv b°W$p R>°, S>°d_u D`sı\r[dp¨ dpfu ]$ip Ly$fy$n°”_pd°]$p_dp¨ ASy>Æ__u ]$ip S>°hu \C flu R>°. Nu[p_y¨ hpQ_ L$fhy¨ A°L$ hp[ R>°, tQ[_-d__L$fhy¨ bu∆ hp[ R>° A_° Nu[p ∆hhp_u L$p°rii L$fhu kph Sy>]$u hp[ R>°. dlp`yfyjp° A_°k–`yfyjp° Nu[p_° rS>hpX$_pf gp°L$p° R>°.

ApS>° dpf° Alv Ïepøep_ Ap`hp_ÿ¨ _\u, `f¨[y Nu[p_p rinZ-k¨g¡_ rhje_°lz¨ S>° fu[° kdƒep° Ry>¨, tQ[_ L$eyØ R>° A_° [° A¨N° S>° kdS>Z L°$mhu R>° [°_° [dpfu kdndpfie[p ∞p· L$fphhp d|Ly¨$ Ry>¨. ApS>_u N∞¨\Np°rõ$dp¨ S>° gp°L$p°A° k¨ıL©$[_p N∞¨\p° kp\° tS>]$NuL$pY$u R>° [°hp gp°L$p° b°W$p R>°.

Nu[pdp¨ Nyfy-riÛe_p° k¨b¨^ d_° kp•\u h^pf° Nd° R>°. Alv_p qf‚°ˇedp¨ [° kp•\uh y DrQ[ R>°.

Nu[p_u iÍ$Ap[dp¨ S> L©$ÛZ-ASy>Æ__p° k¨hp]$ iÍ$ \pe R>°. [°dp¨ eyŸ_u k¨`|ZÆ[•epfu \C NC R>° A_° bfl° k°_pAp° kpd°kpd° gX$hp dpV°$ Aphu NC R>° –epf° ASyÆ_ ≈l°fL$f° R>° L°$ dpfu gX$hp_u B√R>p _\u \[u. Ap hM[° L©$ÛZ L$l° R>° L°$ R>°âu OX$uA° [y¨ `pZudp¨b°ku ≈e [° ep°¡e _\u. ≈° [pf° gX$hy¨ _lp°[y¨ [p° AY$pf Anp•rlZu k°_pAp°_° ip dpV°$bp°gphu ? ASy>Æ_ byqŸr_õ$ eyhp_ R>°. [°_° cNhp_ L©$ÛZ gX$hy¨ ip dpV°$ S>Í$fu R>° [°_ukdS>Z Ap`° R>°.

Óu `p°`V$kpl°b° byqŸ_p ”Z Dèp°Np° rhi° kdS|>[u Ap`[p¨ S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ ‚\d‚L$pf byyqŸ∆huAp°_p° R>°, S>°d L°$ hL$ug, ‚p°a°kf hN°f°. Ap gp°L$p° byqŸ_p° Dèp°N Ap∆rhL$pdpV°$ L$f° R>°.

bu≈° ‚L$pf R>° byqŸhp]$uAp°_p° L°$ S>°Ap° byqŸ_p° Dèp°N rh[¨X$php]$dp¨ L$f° R>° A_°l¨d°ip¨ `p°[° S> kpQp° R>° [°hy¨ W$kphhp_p° ‚e–_ L$f° R>°.

”u≈° ‚L$pf R>° byqŸr_õ$ A°V$g° L°$ byqŸdp¨ rhpk ^fph[p gp°L$p°_p°, S>°Ap° bu≈¨_ubyqŸdp¨ rhpk ^fph° R>° A_° S>° hp[ `p°[p_u byqŸdp¨ E[fu ≈e R>° [°_p° Adg L$f° R>°.


ASy>Æ_ L©$ÛZ_° L$l° R>° lz¨ [dpfp° riÛe Ry>¨ dpV°$ dpf° ep°¡e lp°e [° L$lp°. ]$f°L$ riÛe°Nyfy `pk° ifZpNr[ kp\° riÛe–h gC_° S>hy¨ ≈°CA°. Nyyfy ºepf°e riÛe_° ip°^hp S>[p_\u. Nyyfy ºepf°e ≈l°fdp¨ L¨$W$u bp¨û riÛep°_p kd|lp° [•epf L$f[p _\u A_° Aphy¨ S>° L$f° R>°[° kpQp° Nyfy _\u. Nyfy [° R>° S>° gOy[p_p° –epN L$f°. dpL£$qV≠$N d∑_°S>d°fiV$_p° A°L$ rkŸp¨[ R>° L°$Nd° [°V$gu kpfu hı[y `Z kpd°\u ]°$hp S>[p¨ [°_u qL≠$d[ 50 V$L$p OV$u ≈e R>°. _bmpNyfyAp° S> `p°[p_p riÛe_° kpd°\u Nyfy`Zp_u ep]$ Ap`° R>°.

ASy>Æ__° ıh^dÆ kd≈hhp_p° Nu[pdp¨ l°[y l[p°. ASy>Æ__p° L$pepL$Î` L$fhp dpV°$cNhp_° AY$pf A›epedp AS>Æy__° rinZ Ap‡ey. Nu[pdp rinZ_p ”Z ›e°ep° b[pÏep R>°.

‚\d ›e°e R>° riÛe_p ∆h__p° k¨`|ZÆ L$pepL$Î` L$fhp_y¨.

buSy>¨ ›e°e R>° op_‚pr·_y¨. rinZ_p° l°[y ºepf°e ÏephkpreL$ rinZ_p° _ lp°CiL°$ A_° Nu[pdp¨ A°V$g° S> L$¸y¨ R>° L°$ "_ rl op_°_ k◊°i¨ `rh”rdl rh¤[°...'

”uSy>¨ ›e°e R>° riÛe_p ∆h_dp¨ k[[ lL$pfp–dL$ rhQpfp° Apù-Apù_° D–kpl_y¨tkQ_ L$fhy¨, k|[p° lp°e [p° b°W$p° L$fhp°, b°W$p° lp°e [p° Ecp° L$fhp°, Ecp° lp°e [p° Qpg[p°L$fhp° A_° Qpg[p° lp°e [p° [°_° ]$p°X$[p° L$fhp_y¨ R>°.

18 A›epe_p A¨[° k|[°gp° ASy>Æ_ ]$p°X$[p° \ep°. riÛe_° "N[k¨]°$l' L$fhp° [° rinZ_y›e°e R>°.

rinZ A° q‹dpNw ‚qæ$ep R>°. Nyfy-riÛe bfi_° kqæ$e fl° R>° A_° bfi_° kd©Ÿ b_°R>°. ApS>_y¨ rinZ kd©Ÿ L$f_pf _\u, L$pfZ L°$ [° A°L$dpNw \C Ney¨ R>°. ApS>_p Nyfy_°rh¤p\w ‚Ò `|R>° [p° `∞p°a°kf ^dL$phu _p¨M° R>°. cNh]π$Nu[p L©$ÛZ_u A°L$p°sº[ _\u, `f¨[yL©$ÛZ-ASy>Æ__p° q‹dpNw k¨hp]$ R>°. cNh]π$Nu[pdp¨ L©$ÛZ-ASy>Æ__p k¨hp]$ `∞Òp°—fu_pÔgp°L$Í$`° R>°. ASy>Æ_ ‹pfp _d∞cph° kïe ]|$f L$fhp `yR>pe°gp ‚Òp° R>°. ‚ÒL$[pÆ ‹pfp Qpf fu[°`∞Òp° `yR>pe R>°. A°L$ [p° dp” `|R>hp Mp[f `yR>pe°gp `∞Òp° R>°. buSy¨ Nyfy_y¨ op_ dp`hpdpV°$ `yR>p[p `∞Òp°. ”uSy>¨ `∞ÒL$[pÆ ‹pfp `p°[p_y¨ op_ ‚]$riÆ[ L$fhp dpV°$ `yR>p[p `∞Òp° A_°Qp°\y¨ Mf°Mf op_`∞pr‡[ dpV°$ `yR>p[p ‚Òp°. rh¤p\wA° Qp°\p ‚L$pf_p ‚Òp° `|R>hp ≈°CA°.L©$ÛZ° ASy>Æ__° L$¸y¨ [°dp¨ L$iy¨ S> Aı`Ù$ _\u A_° Ap\u S> Nu[p `L$X$[p¨ OZp¨ X$f° R>°."‚rZ`p[°_' A_° "`∞r[‚Ò°_' op_‚pr· \C iL°$. rh¤p\wA° _d∞`Z° ıhuL$pfhy¨ ≈°CA° L°$Nyfy dpfp L$f[p¨ h^pf° op_u R>°. "`qfk°hep'_p° A\Æ ApS>_p k¨]$cÆdp¨ kd≈h[p¨ Óu`p°`V$kpl°b° S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ ıhpdu `∞kfi_ fl° [° fu[° ıhpdu_y¨ L$pd r_ÛW$p`|hÆL$ L$fhy¨ A°V$g° S>k°hp. riÛe_p° ^dÆ R>° L°$ Nyfy ‹pfp [°°_° kp°¨`pe°gÿ L$pd `|≈L$dÆ kd∆_° L$fhy¨.

Nu[pdp¨ k¨hp]$ R>°. rinZ ºepf°e A°L$dpNw _ lp°e. kpQy¨ rinZ riÛe_p ∆h__°A¨]$f A_° blpf\u QmL$ph° R>° A_° Nu[pdp¨ Ap ‚L$pf_y¨ rinZ Ap`°gy¨ R>°. Nu[p ∆h__°r_:kïe L$f° R>°. Nyfy-riÛe_p° A°L$ `qfhpf R>°. S>°d Ly$Vy¨$bdp¨ ºepë Ap•`QpqfL$ lp°ÿp _\u[°d Nyfy-riÛe h√Q° A[|V$ b¨^_ R>°. rh¤p\w_° ≈° _ kd≈e [p° Nd° [°V$gu hpf Nyfy_°`|R>u_° i¨L$pdp¨\u blpf Aphhy¨ ≈°CA°. i¨L$pdp¨\u q‹^p S>fid° R>°. Nu[p_p A¨[dp¨ ASy>Æ_L©$ÛZ_° L$l° R>° L°$ [dpfu L©$`p\u dpfp° kïe _pb|]$ \ep° R>° A_° op_ ‚p‡[ \ey¨ R>°.

A¨[dp¨ Óu `p°`V$kpl°b° S>ZpÏeÿ¨ L°$ rh¤p\w dpV°$ kam[p_p¨ ”Z kp°`p_ R>°. ‚\d`yfyjp\Æ, buSy>¨ Nyfy_y¨ dpNÆ]$iÆ_ A_° ”uSy>¨ dp kfıh[u_u L©$`p. ApS>° d_° klrQ¨[__u [L$Ap`hp b]$g Óp°[pAp°_p° Apcpf Ïeº[ L$fy¨ Ry>¨. $

L$peÆæ$d_° A¨[° Apcpf]$iÆ_ L$f[p¨ Óu rh_p°]$bpmpbl°_ ≈_uA° S>ZpÏey¨ L°$`p°`V$kpl°b° hpQL$_u kdS>Z Apù R>°. Nu[p A° D`r_j]$ R>°. ApS>_p ‚hQ_dp¨[°Ap°ÓuA° Nyfy-riÛe_u rhcph_p kd≈hu R>°. riÛe° yı[L$ hp¨Qu_° Nyfy pk° S>hy ≈°CA°.Mpgu lp\° ºepf°e _ S>hpe. Nd° [°_° Nyfy _ b_phpe. Nyfy-riÛe bfi_°_° A°L$bu≈dp¨ÓŸp lp°hu ≈°CA°. rhjp]$ OZu hpf ApiuhpÆ]$Í$` _uhX°$ R>° S>°_y¨ Nu[p kQp°V$ D]$plfZ R>°.Ly$Vy$b A° L°$ ƒep¨ kyM-]y$:M_u hl¢QZu \pe. dp[p-r`[p A_° Nyfy pk° fpS>e Ap_¨]$]$peL$R>°. Nyfy-riÛe AfZu_p b° L$V$L$p S>°hp R>° L°$ S>° A°L$bu≈ kp\° Okpe R>° –epf° ‚L$piD–`fl \pe R>°. Nu[pdp¨ hZÆh°gu Ap A_° Aphu rh‹—p`|ZÆ hp[p°_° kfm fu[° fS|> L$fhpb]$g Óu `p°`V$kpl°b_p° Apcpf Ïeº[ L$fy¨ Ry>¨.

7.4 : N∞\pge k·pl_u DS>hZu :

rh¤p\wAp° A_° S>_kdy]$pedp¨ k]π$hpQ_ ‚r[ ArcdyM[p L°$mhhp [p. 14-11-2009\u [p. 20-11-2009 ky u "N∞\pge k·pl'_u DS>hZu L$fhpdp¨ Aphu. kdN∞k·pl ]$frdep_ rhrh^ L$peÆæ$dp°_y¨ Apep°S>_ L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g, S>°dp¨ `yı[L$-‚]$iÆ_dp¨S>hplfgpg _l°fy rgrM[ kprl–e A_° bpmL°$mhZuL$pf rNSy>cpC b^°L$p_p kprl–e_°L°$fi÷dp¨ fpMu bpgkprl–e, drlgpkprl–e, A‚p‡e `yı[L$p°, cNh]π$Np°d¨X$g hN°f°_y¨dprl[ukcf ‚]$iÆ_ Np°W$hhpdp¨ Aph°g. k·pl ]$frdep_ rhipm k¨øepdp¨ rh¤p\wAp°,rinL$p°, rh‹p_p° A_° hpQ_‚°duAp°A° ‚]$iÆ__u dygpL$p[ gu^°gu.

N∞¨\pge k·pl_u DS>hZu_p cpNÍ$`° [p. 18-11-2009_p q]$hk° ipmp_p¨^p°fZ-3 A_° 4_p¨ bpmL$p°_u A°L$ q]$hk_u hpQ_rirbf_y¨ Apep°S>_ L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g.Ap rirbfdp¨ 93 bpmL$p°A° cpN gu^°g [°d S> i•nrZL$ QgrQ” b[phhpdp¨ Aph°g.


7.5 : 146du N∞¨\Np°rõ$ :

r‚sfik`pg X$u. u. ≈°iu sÂgL$ gpCb∞°fu_p D`æ$d° [p. 02-12-2009_p q]$hk°

146du N∞¨\Np°rõ$ b°W$L$_y¨ Apep°S>_ L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g. dyøe hº[p [fuL°$ ‚rkŸ lpıeg°ML$‚¤yÁ_ ≈°ju`yfpA° "lpıe-k¨›ep'_p° fkpıhp]$ L$fph°g.

N∞¨\Np°rõ$_p ‚pf¨c° g°ML$Óu_p° `qfQe Ap`[p¨ Óu ]$u`L$cpC ≈°iuA° S>ZpÏey¨ L°$Óu ≈°ju`yfp_p¨ ApW$ S>°V$gp¨ lpıekprl–e_p¨ `yı[L$p° ‚L$pri[ \C Q|ºep¨ R>°, S>°dp¨_y¨ "h¨]°$lpıedπ' ]$rnZ NyS>fp[ eyr_hrkÆV$udp¨ A°a.hpe.bu.A°._p AÊepkæ$ddp¨ [°d S> kp•fpÙ≤$eyr_hrkÆV$udp¨ V$u.hpe.bu.A°._p AÊepkæ$ddp¨ `pW$È`yı[L$ [fuL°$ ıhuL©$r[ `pÁey¨ R>°.[°Ap°ÓuA° ApL$pihpZu, fpS>L$p°V$dp¨ ‚p°N∞pd A°X$hpCTfu L$rdV$u_p kÊe`]°$ k°hp ApùR>°. NyS>fp[_p lpıekprl–edp¨ k°hp Ap`hp b]$g [°Ap°Óu_° ƒep°[ufi÷ ]$h° A∑hp∑XÆ$ krl[ApW$ S>°V$gp kprl–en°”_p ‚r[rõ$[ A∑hp∑XÆ$ A_° kfidp_`”p° A°_pe[ L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g R>°.NyS>fp[ucpjp_p¨ ‚r[rõ$[ kpdreL$p° A_° h[Ædp_`”p°dp¨ [°d_p ‚r[cph¨[ lpıeg°Mp°r_erd[ fu[° ‚NV$ \[p f¸p R>°.

Óu ≈°ju`yfpA° lmhu i•gudp¨ `p°[p_p hº[Ïe_p° ‚pf¨c L$f[p¨ S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ Alv_y¨dpCL$ bfpbf L$pd L$f° R>°, Afie\p dpCL$, hpCa A_° gpCa_p° L$ip° S> cfp°kp° _lv. ^pepÆL$f[p¨ EgVy¨$ S> b_°. Ap k¨ı\pdp¨ Ahpf_hpf Ïepøep_ dpV°$ Aphy¨ Ry>¨ A°V$g° hp[pÆgp`dp¨L$p°CL$ dyÿp_y¨ `y_fph[Æ_ \C S>i°.

`p°[p_p "Anfp°_p Apgp°L$dp¨' `yı[L$_u hp[ L$f[p¨ [°Ap°ÓuA° S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ Ap`yı[L$dp¨ Anfp°_p hmp¨L$p° `f_y¨ lpıe R>°. Anfp° `f Np¨cueÆ`|ZÆ gM_pf L$]$pQ lz¨ S>lCi. q]$Îlu\u blpf `X$[p NyS>fp[u kprl–e_p kpdreL$dp¨ Ap bpb[_p° Dâ°M \e°gR>°. bu∆ bû cpjpAp°dp¨ ‚\d d|mpnf "L$' ApX$p° `X°$gp° R>° ƒepf° NyS>fp[udp¨ "L$' Ecp°R>°. NyS>fp[° b^p¨_° Ecp¨ L$fhp_y¨ L$pd L$eyØ R>°. ]°$ik°hpdp¨ Np¨û, fd[dp¨ fZ∆, k¨Nu[dpÄp°dL$pf_p\ W$pLy$f - b^p¨ n°”p°dp¨ dlp_ycphp°_° Ecp L$epÆ R>°. D]|Æ$cpjp_p hmp¨L$p°dp¨NTg_p° dplp°g R>°, S>°\u D]|Æ$ ipefp°_u cpjp R>°. A¨N∞°∆ b`p°f_u cpjp R>°, ƒepf° rlfi]$udp¨rifp°f°Mp Aph° R>° - ≈Z° L°$ TOX$p° L$fhp_u [•epfu Qpgu flu lp°e. OZu hpf N‡`p¨_u hp[p°kpQu _uL$m° R>°, ƒepf° kpQu hp[p° N‡`p¨ _uL$m° R>°.

lpıe rhi° bp°g[p¨ [°Ap°ÓuA° S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ r_fpipdp¨ `Z Apip ‚NV$ L$f° [° lpıe.d©–ey hM[° ∆h_ ∆hhp_u hp[ L$f° [° lpıe. lpıeL$pf kpQp° sı\[‚o R>°. lpıeL$pf b^y¨ıhuL$pfu _\u g°[p°. [° gpNZu A_ych°, L$kp°V$u L$f°, byqŸL$kp°V$u L$f° A_° `R>u S> lpıe

_u`S>°. lpıe grg[L$gp _\u, `f¨[y "qagk|au' R>°. lpıeL$pfp° d≈L$_p L°$fi÷dp¨ `p°[p_u`–_u_° fpM° R>°, L$pfZ L°$ bu≈_u `–_u_u d≈L$ L$fu _ iL$pe. A°L$ dp_u gu^°gu dpfie[pR>° L°$ lpıeg°ML$p° ]y$:Mu lp°e R>° A_° Qpgw Q°‡gu__p ◊Ù$p¨[ `f\u Ap dpfie[p Ecu \CR>°. hpı[hdp¨ b^p lpıeg°ML$p° ]y$:Mu _\u lp°[p. gp°L$p°_° fpÙ≤$Nu[ `|fy¨ AphX$[y¨ S> _\u.L$]$pQ L$p°C_° ep]$ li° [p° d√R>fp°_° S>, L$pfZ L°$ k[[ NZNZ L$f° R>°. d√R>fp° rlfi]y$ı[p__°ºepf°e R>p°X$hp_p _\u. ApX$p°iu-`pX$p°iu_u _h[f Ïepøep Ap`[p¨ S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ ApX$pQpg° [° ApX$p°iu A_° `p¨kfp Qpg° [° `pX$p°iu.

"lpıe_p ‚ep°Np°' `yı[L$ d¢ "k–e_p ‚ep°Np°' `f\u S> ‚°fZp d°mhu_° gM°g R>°.[°dp¨ hpı[rhL$ ‚k¨Np° R>°. 45 hjÆ_u Jdf_u Ïesº[ A°V$g° _ h©Ÿ _ eyhp_ - _ C^f _D^f. NC L$pg A_° Aph[u L$pg_u h√Q° r`kp[u Jdf A°V$g° 45 hjÆ. A°L$ cpC `p°[p_u]$uL$fu dpV°$ dyfr[ep° ip°^hp _uL$˛ep A_° ƒepf° ≈Œey¨ L°$ dy¨bCdp¨ R>p°L$fp° fl° R>° A_° `°qV$ey¨fmu Mpe R>°, –epf° R>p°L$fu Ap`hp_u _p pX$u. bu≈ cpCA° Ap °qV$ey¨ fmu Mp[p R>p°L$fp_°`p°[p_u ]$uL$fu fZphu A_° ApS>° M|b S> kyMu R>°. ApS>_p eyNdp¨ cpjp_p° A\Æ b]$gpCNep° R>°. `°V$u_p° A\Æ A°L$ gpM Í$rèp A_° `°qV$ey¨ A°V$g° gpMp° Í$rèp. `°qV$ey¨ fm[p° R>p°L$fp°gpMp° Í$rèp L$dp[p° l[p°.

L|$[fp¨ kpf°Nd dp°Y°$ fpM°. ∆h__p "kpf° Nd' ]|$f L$f° [° kpf°Nd. ]y$:Mu Nu[p° S>d^yf Nu[p° R>° A_° ]y$:M_p¨ Nu[p° S> Ap_¨]$ Ap`° R>°. L|$[fp¨_u kpf°Nd fp”° S> iÍ$ \pe. fp”°A≈Œep rhı[pfdp¨ S>CA° –epf° L|$[fpÄp°_u A¨N∞°∆ kpf°Nd iÍ$ \pe. L|$[fpÄp°_u A¨N∞°∆‚Òp°—fu S> °hp ‚Òp° l...l...(Who Who), lpD...lpD...(How How),

hpD...hpD...(Why Why)_p° dpfp° Qpg° R>°. ‚≈A° _°[pAp°_° Aphp ‚Òp° `|Rep lp°[[p° ApS>° R>° [°hp¨ L$p•cp¨X$p° _ \p[. L$p∑`p£f°i__u NpX$uhpmp L|$[fp_° `L$X°$ –epf° L|$[fp° `ZrhQpf L$f° R>° L°$ dpfp° ckhp_p° NyZ _°[pAp° `pk° S>i°, `|¨R>X$u `V$`V$phhp_p° NyZ kfL$pfuAr^L$pfu `pk° S>i°, ApMu fp[ fp°hp_p° NyZ `sÂgL$ `pk° S>i°, `f¨[y dpfp° hap]$pfu_p°NyZ L$p°_u `pk° S>i° ? A¨[dp¨ [°Ap°ÓuA° S>ZpÏey¨ L°$ Cf° `Z lh° cpf[dp¨ Ah[pfg°hp_y¨ dp¨X$u hp˛ey¨ R>°, L$pfZ L°$ Ap`Z° kdN∞ kdpS>_° opr[, `n, ^dÆ S>°hp¨ `n`p[uQp°L$W$p¨dp¨ hl¢Qu _p¨øep° R>°, ƒepf° cNhp_ [p° `n`p[ hNf_u c|rddp¨ S> Ah[f° R>°.Qp°L$W$pÄp°hpmp ]°$idp¨ cNhp_ Ah[f° [p° [°_u D`f Z n`p[u lp°hp_p° Apfp° Ap`Zp°kdpS> d|L$u ]°$. cNhp__° Ah[fhp S>°hu S>¡ep Ap`Z° ºepë _\u fpMu.

ApS>_u N∞¨\Np°rõ$_p ‚pf¨c° [pS>°[fdp¨ N∞¨\Np°rõ$_p¨ hjp£ S|>_p¨ kÊe Óud[uqX$g°fpbl°_ hp°fp_y¨ r_^_ \[p¨ D`sı\[ kh°Æ kÊep°A° Ecp¨ \C dp•_-ÓŸp¨S>rg A`ÆZ


L$f°gu. ‚pf¨cdp¨ "dpfp hpgp_° hY$u_° L$l°≈° f°...'_y¨ cS>_Np_ Óu hpsÎdL$cpC ]°$kpCA°L$f°gy¨, ƒepf° A¨[dp¨ csº[Nu[ "]$u_p_p\ ]$epm _V$hf lp\ dpfp° d|L$ip° dp...' Óukfgpbl°_ W$Ω$f ‹pfp fS|> L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g. L$peÆæ$d_° A¨[° Apcpf]$iÆ_ bpmkprl–eL$pfÓu d^yL$pfi[cpC ≈°iu ‹pfp L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g.

7.6 : q‚sfik`pg X$u. ù. ≈°iu `sÂgL$ gpCb∞°fu_p° gpc _uQ°_u k¨øepdp¨ hpQL$p°A°gu^p° l[p° :

rh¤p\wAp° Afie Ly$gk‡V°$Ábf '09 180 258 438Ap∑ºV$p°bf '09 141 193 334_h°Ábf '09 175 244 419

496 695 1191

7.7 : r‚sfik`pg X$u. u. ≈°iu sÂgL$ gpCb∞°fu_° _uQ°_p¨ iyc√R>L$p° [fa\u yı[L$p°c°V$ dm°g R>° :

(1) Óu c÷peycpC drZepf-17, (2) Óu ‚u[ khrS>epZu-02, (3) Óu _Vy$cpCfpS>`fp-07, (4) Óu _rg_cpC Ïepk [\p Óud[u ky^pbl°_ Ïepk-40, (5) Óud ycpC ipl, Ad]$php]$-01, (6) Óu L°$ihcpC cfX$hp-31, (7) X$p∑. S>e¨[cpC ≈°iu-09, (8) Óu Q¨]y$cpC W$L$fpg-09, (9) Óu l°dpbl°_ `yfp°rl[-22, (10) Óu fd°icpCcÀ$-01, (11) Óu bmh¨[cpC ]°$kpC-11.

`|hÆ-‚p\rdL$ rinL$ A›ep`_d¨q]$fq ]$u`L$cpC ≈°iu

8.1 : _hfpr”`hÆ_u DS>hZu :

isº[-D`pk_p_p `ph_ `hÆ_u DS>hZu_p cpNÍ$`° `|hÆ-‚p\rdL$ rinL$A›ep`_ d¨q]$f_u bl°_p° ‹pfp [p. 26-09-2009, ir_hpf° fpk-Nfbp_y¨ Apep°S>_L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g. bl°_p° ‹pfp L$gp–dL$ fu[° b_phhpdp¨ A_° iZNpfhpdp¨ Aph°gu"dp¨X$hu'dp¨ M°gpOf_u bprgL$pAp°_p lı[° ]$u`-`pNV$È L$fphu 10 bl°_p° A_° M°gpOf_p¨55 c|gL$pÄp°A° f¨Nb°f¨Nu h˜p° `qf^p_ L$fu csº[cph`|hÆL$ [pgufpk A_° ]$p¨qX$epfpkgu^°g. dp[p∆_u Apf[u kp\° A°L$ L$gpL$ Qpg°g L$peÆæ$d_u `|ZpÆlzr[ L$f°gu.

8.2 : ``°V$ ip∑ ‹pfp rinZ :

bpgrinZdp¨ "` °V$ ip∑'_u Dèp°rN[p kd≈hhp dpV°$ [p. 30-09-2009_pq]$hk° `|hÆ-‚p\rdL$ rinL$ A›ep`_ d¨q]$f_p¨ bl°_p° dpV°$ rkıV$f r_h°q]°$[p bpgd¨q]$fdp¨

"` °V$ ip∑'_y ‚pep°rNL$ r_]$iÆ_-L$peÆ Np°W$hhpdp¨ Aph°g. ıhr_rdÆ[ °Vπ$k A_° Ap¨Nmp¨_pkyd°m`|ZÆ lg_Qg_ ‹pfp "Y$vNgubl°__p rhhpl'_p ‚k¨N_° "Y$vNgu [pfp dp¨X$hp fp°‡ep,Y$p°g hpN° Y$dY$d...'_p bpgNu[ kp\° fS|> L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g. Afie A°L$ L©$r[dp¨ Y$vNguAp°_pfpkNfbp "L$p°C [p¨[rZep fp\u... Mp°qX$epf fdhp_° Aphp°' ‹pfp bpmL$p°_° Arc_eNu[[°d S> NÁd[ kp\° op_ Ap`hp_u `Ÿr[ iuMhhpdp¨ Aph°gu. ``°V$ ip∑_y¨ r_]$iÆ_bpgd¨q]$f_p¨ rirnL$p bl°_p° Óu fpS>Óubl°_ hOpqX$ep, Óu ∆h¨r[L$pbl°_ fphg A_° ÓuS>Î`pbl°_ Qp•lpZ ‹pfp L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g.

8.3 : ipL$cp∆ kyip°c_ ı`^pÆ :

_p_p¨ c|gL$pÄp° gugp¨ ipL$cp∆_p Aplpf ‚–e° ArcfyrQ L°$mh[p¨ \pe [° dpV°$bpmL$p° kdn ApL$jÆL$ fu[° k≈h°gp¨ gugp¨ ipL$cp∆ fS|> L$fhp_u ı`^pÆ_y¨ Apep°S>_ [p.12-11-2009_p fp°S> L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g. Ap ı`^pÆdp¨ _uQ°_p¨ [pgudp\w bl°_p° rhS>°[p≈l°f \e°gp¨.

‚\d-A¨S>_pbl°_ kN`qfep-ipL$cp∆_p° bNuQp°, q‹[ue-A°L$[pbl°_L$V°$rkep-ipL$cp∆_u f¨Np°mu, [©[ue-Myipgubl°_ hp≈-gugu f¨Np°mu.

8.4 : ip¨r[-‚p\Æ_p :

A°L$ hjÆ ANpD [p. 26-11-2008_p q]$hk° dy¨bCdp¨ \e°g Ap[¨L$hp]$u lzdgpdpïlu]$ \e°g r_]$p£j _pNqfL$p° A_° k°_p-`p°rgk_p blp]y$f k•r_L$p°_u hfku r_rd—° [p.26-11-2009_p q]$hk° |hÆ-‚p\rdL$ rinL$ A›ep`_ d¨q]$f_p¨ bl°_p° ‹pfp rhi°j ip¨r[-

‚p\Æ_p_y¨ Apep°S>_ L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g. ‚p\Æ_pdp¨ ApQpeÆÓu ]$u`L$cpC ≈°iuA° khÆ^dÆ ‚–e°kdcph A_° krlÛœ[p_p NyZ L°$mhhp A_yfp°^ L$f°g. _p_p¨ c|gL$pÄp°dp¨ O©Zp A_°r^Ω$pf_p ı\p_° ‚°d A_° ndp_p NyZp°_y¨ hph°[f L$fhp\u crhÛe_u `°Y$u rhip¨r[_p°A_ych L$fi° [°d `Z S>Zph°g.

8.5 : bpmhp[pÆ L$\_ ı`^pÆ :

bpmL$p°_° fk‚]$ fu[° hp[pÆ L$\_ L$fhp_u A°L$ ı`^pÆ_y [p. 28-11-2009_p q]$hk°Apep°S>_ L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g. bpmL°$mhZuL$pf rNSy>cpC b^°L$p_p rhrh^ hp[pÆk¨N∞lp°dp¨\u


`k¨]$ L$f°gu hp[pÆAp° [pgudp\w bl°_p° ‹pfp bpmcp°¡e i•gudp¨ ep°¡e Arc_e, iyŸ D√QpfA_° lphcph kp\° fS|> L$fhpdp¨ Aphu. ı`^pÆ_p r_ZpÆeL$ [fuL°$ ıL|$g Ap∑_ ÏluÎk_pkëp°S>L$ Óu _ftklcpC Qp•lpZ° k°hp Ap`°gu [°d S> Thf°Q¨]$ d°OpZu rgrM[ "i°[g_°L$p¨W°$' hp[pÆ_y¨ fk‚]$ hZÆ_ L$f°g. Ap ı`^pÆdp¨ _uQ°_p¨ [pgudp\w bl°_p° rhS>°[p \ep¨ :

‚\d-L$rh[pbl°_ dL$hpZp, q‹[ue-S>_L$bl°_ [°f•ep, [©[ue-Cipbl°_ ipl,[©[ue-ip°c_pbl°_ idpÆ.

8.6 : hp[pÆL$\_ - hp[pÆgp` :

bpmL$p°_° bpgd¨q]$fdp¨ D–kplc°f Aphhp ‚°qf[ L$fhpdp¨ hp[pÆL$\_ A°L$ kd\Æ

dp›ed R>°. hp[pÆ ‹pfp bpmL$_° NÁd[ kp\° op_ Ap`hp D`fp¨[ [°_p° cphp–dL$ rhL$pkL$fu iL$pe R>°, `f¨[y Ap dpV°$ hp[pÆL$\__p ip˜ dyS>b bpmL$p° kdn hp[pÆ fS|> \pe [°S>Í$fu R>°. [pgudp\w bl°_p°_° hp[pÆL$\__u L$mp_u kdS> Ap`hp dpV°$ ıL|$g Ap∑_ ÏluÎkk¨gî ‚p\rdL$ ipmp, Ddfpmu_p ApQpeÆÓu d|L°$icpC X$p¨Nf_p° hp[pÆgp` [p. 30-11-2009, kp°dhpf° fpMhpdp¨ Aph°g. p°[p_p hº[Ïedp¨ Óu X$p¨Nf° hp[pÆ_u k¨]$Nu, hp[pÆL$\_kde° bpmL$p°_u Np°W$hZu, bpmL$p°_u kqæ$e cpNu]$pfu, A°L$pN∞[p, Arc_e A_° D√Qpf_uAN–e, hp[pÆdp¨ Apfp°l-Ahfp°l, rhrh^ ‚pZuAp° [°d S> hpl_p°_p AhpS> L$pY$hp_uL$mp, bpmL$p°_p Ql°fp_p lphcph_p r_funZ ‹pfp hp[pÆdp¨ bpmL$p°_p fk_y¨ ApL$g_hN°f° bpb[p°_u rhı[©[ QQpÆ L$f°gu [°d S> hp[pÆL$\__p¨ D]$plfZ Z fS|> L$f°gp¨. L$peÆæ$d_°A¨[° Apcpf]$iÆ_ Myipgubl°_ hp≈ ‹pfp L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g.

i∑f A∑fiX$ L∑$f CfiıV$uV$ÈyV$ Ap∑a lp°d d∑_°S>d°fiV$q ]$u`L$cpC ≈°iu

9.1 : kgpX$ X°$L$p°f°i_ ı`^pÆ :

riepmp_u F>[ydp¨ ipL$cp∆_u rh`yg[p_° ›ep_dp¨ fpMu i∑f A∑fiX$ L∑$f BsfiıV$V$ÈyV$Ap∑a lp°d d∑_°S>d°fiV$ ‹pfp [p. 12-11-2009_p q]$hk° kgpX$ X°$L$p°f°i_ ı`^pÆ_y¨ Apep°S>_L$fhpdp¨ Aph°g. ı`^pÆdp¨ rhrh^ ‚L$pf_p¨ ipL$cp∆ S>°hp¨ L°$ buV$, V$d°V$p¨, L$pL$X$u, d|mp,]|$û, fvNZ, L$pf°gp¨, dfQp¨, bV°$V$p¨, Xy¨$Nmu hN°f°dp¨\u rhrh^ ApL$pf_p¨ iy`¨Mu, „gphf-hpT, hpl_p° hN°f° M°gpOf_u hpgu dp[pAp° A_° ı`^ÆL$ bl°_p° ‹pfp L$gp–dL$ fu[°

b_phhpdp¨ Aph°g. rhipm k¨øepdp¨ hpgu dp[pAp°, [pgudp\w bl°_p°, rh¤p\wAp° A_°dygpL$p[uAp° ‹pfp ‚]$iÆ_ r_lpmhpdp¨ Aph°g. ı`^pÆ_p¨ r_ZpÆeL$ [fuL°$ ≈N©r[bl°_

kp`fpA° k°hp Ap`°g. ‚\d ”Z rhS>°[p bl°_p°_° r_ZpÆeL$Óu_p lı[° ‚dpZ`” [°d S>Aplpf A_° Apfp°¡eip˜_° gN[p¨ `yı[L$p°_p° k¨`yV$ c°V$ Ap`hpdp¨ Aph°g.


‚\d-l_ubl°_ L$p°V°$Qp-]|$û_p° dp°f, q‹[ue-S>Î`pbl°_ lp\u-`|≈`p°, [©[ue-N∞uÛdpbl°_ ≈°b_`y”p-]|$û_u bp°V$.

9.2 : riepmy hkpZpÄp°_y¨ ‚]$iÆ_ :

ApMy¨ hjÆ [¨]y$fı[ A_° ıar[Ækcf fl°hp dpV°$ riepmp_u F>[y_° isº[k¨Qe_uF>[y NZhpdp¨ Aph° R>°. Ap•jûe NyZp° ^fph[u h_ı`r[_p rhrh^ cpNp° S>°hp¨ L°$ am,ag, buS>, `p_, R>pg, d|m, L$põ$ B–epq]$_° hkpZp [fuL°$ Ap°mMhpdp¨ Aph° R>°. Aphp¨hkpZpÄp° A_° [° ]$f°L$_u ifufdp¨ Dèp°rN[p ]$ipÆh[y¨ A°L$ ‚]$iÆ_ BsfiıV$V$ÈyV$ Ap∑a lp°dd∑_°S>d°fiV$_p D`æ$d° [p. 15-12-2009, d¨Nmhpf° ep°S>hpdp¨ Aph°g.

Ap ‚]$iÆ_dp¨ huk S>°V$gp¨ kÊep° ‹pfp rhrh^ ”uk S>°V$gp¨ hkpZp¨ ‚]$riÆ[ L$fhpdpÄph°g, S>°dp¨ k|W$, [uMp¨(dfu), L$p° fy, MS|>f, L$pmu d|kmu, ka°]$ d|kmu, d°\u, L$p¨Nrkep,A¨]$fS>h, [S>, gthN, ≈eam, ≈h¨”u, A°gQu, L°$kf, i[phfu, L$pmu∆fu, Ny]$f, N¨W$p°X$p,L$pSy>, b]$pd, AN¨^p, rigprS>[, gvX$uù`f, b∞p˚u hN°f° dyøe l[p¨. Apif° 60 S>°V$gp¨]$iÆL$p°A° ‚]$iÆ__u fk`|hÆL$ dygpL$p[ gu^°gu.

r‚sfik`pg X$u. ù. ≈°iu apDfiX°$i_ k¨Qprg[M°gpOf

q r_f¨S>_pbl°_ dphpZu

10.1 : i•nrZL$ ‚hpk : bpgch_-fpS>L$p°V$ :

[p. 12-09-2009, ir_hpf_p fp°S> M°gpOf_p¨ bpmL$p°_° bpgch__p ‚hpk°gC Nep¨ l[p¨. `|hÆ-‚p\rdL$ rinL$ A›ep`_ d¨q]$f_p¨ [pgudp\w bl°_p°A° bpmL$p°_°æu$X$p¨NZdp¨ lvQL$p-g`rkep¨ MhX$pÏep¨. bpmL$p°_° dyº[ hp[phfZdp¨ fdhp_u d≈ Aphu.–epf bp]$ kd|ldp¨ ‚p\Æ_p, Ôgp°L$ bp°gu `p°[p_p° _pı[p° L$ep£. ‚hpk_p° l°[y bpmL$p°_°kd|l∆h__u [pgud dm° A_° ‚L©$r[_p° Ap_¨]$ dpZ° [° l[p°.

10.2 : rlfi]$u bpgNu[ ı`^pÆ :

[p. 14-09-2009, kp°dhpf_p fp°S> M°gpOf_p¨ bpmL$p° dpV°$ rlfi]$u bpgNu[


ı`^pÆ_y¨ Apep°S>_ L$fhpdp¨ ApÏey¨ l[y¨. r_ZpÆeL$ [fuL°$ Óu ]$u`L$cpC ≈°iuA° k°hp Apùl[u.

Ap ı`^pÆdp¨ _uQ°_p¨ bpmL$p° rhS>°[p \ep¨ :

‚\d-l°fu kN`qfep, q‹[ue-]°$hpïu cpgp°qX$ep, [©[ue-ÓuS> lp\u, ‚p°–kpl_-

dl°L$ `fuM.

rhS>°[p bpmL$p°_° ‚dpZ`”_y¨ rh[fZ L$fu ‚p°–kprl[ L$fhpdp¨ ApÏep¨. ı`^pÆ_p

‚pf¨c° dl°dp__y ıhpN[ Apq]$–e ASy>qX$ep ‹pfp L$fhpdp¨ ApÏey, ƒepf° A¨[dp¨ Apcpf]$iÆ_

ApeÆ_ gvbprkep ‹pfp L$fhpdp¨ ApÏey.


[p. 19-09-2009, ir_hpf_p q]$hk° M°gpOf_p bpmL$ ApeÆ_ gvbprkep_°

O°f Nep¨ l[p¨. bpmL$p°A° `p°[p_p° `qfQe Ap‡ep°. bpgNu[, rlfi]$u bpgNu[, Rhymes,

≈°X$L$Zp¨ hN°f° fS|> L$epØ. bpmL$p°_° fdL$X$p¨\u fdhp_u M|b S> d≈ `X$u. _pı[pdp¨ h°akÆ,

Q°hX$p°, `¢X$p Ap`hpdp¨ ApÏep¨. –epf bp]$ bpmL$p°_° L$p°ÎX$qX≠≤$L$ Ap‡ey¨. ]$p]$pÓu l¨kfpS>cpC

[\p kp• Ly$Vy$¨buS>_p°A° cph`|hÆL$ k–L$pepØ l[p¨. bpmL$_p khpØNu rhL$pkdp¨ dp[p-r`[p

kpfp° fk ^fph° R>°. Apcpf]$iÆ_ l°fu kN`qfep ‹pfp L$fhpdp¨ ApÏey¨.

10.4 : cp•Np°rgL$ dprl[u ‚]$iÆ_ :

[p. 22-09-2009, d¨Nmhpf_p q]$hk° M°gpOf_p d°]$p_dp¨ rhrh^[p-kcf

cp•Np°rgL$ ‚]$iÆ_ ep°S>hpdp¨ ApÏey¨ l[y¨, S>°dp¨ ]$qfep°, S>¨Ng, `lpX$, fZ hN°f°_p¨ dp∑X°$g

‹pfp bpmL$p°_° dprl[Npf L$fhpdp¨ ApÏep¨. dp°V$p-dp°V$p ’\fp°_p° lpX$ b_phu [°_u Nyapdp¨

tkl, hpO, L$fQgp hN°f°_p¨ dp∑X°$g d|L$hpdp¨ ApÏep¨ l[p¨, [p° V°$L$fu, h©np° D`f `nuAp°_p¨

dp∑X$°g d|L$hpdp¨ ApÏep¨ l[p¨. ]$qfep° rhipm S>Zp[p° l[p° [°_p `pZudp¨ lp°X$uAp° A_°dNf_p¨ dp∑X°$g d|L$hpdp¨ ApÏep¨ l[p¨. _p_L$X$p V$p`y_y¨ `Z r_]$iÆ_ L$fhpdp¨ ApÏey¨ l[y¨.

S>¨Ng_p dp∑X°$gdp¨ S>¨Ngu `∞pZuAp° ]$ipÆhhpdp¨ ApÏep¨ l[p¨, [p° fZdp¨ KV$_u hZ≈f

Qpgu S>[u lp°e [°hy¨ ◊Ìe MXy¨$ L$fhpdp¨ ApÏey¨ l[y¨, S>°dp¨ _prme°fu, MS|>fu Z ]$ipÆhhpdp¨

Aphu l[u. Óu ]$u`L$cpC ≈°iu, Óu _ftklcpC Qp•lpZ, Óu ∆h_cpC `V°$g [\p Óu

h–kgcpC ∞yh_u D`sı\r[dp¨ [dpd bpmL$p°A° ‚]$iÆ_ r_lp˛ey A_° |hÆ-‚p\rdL$ rinL$

A›ep`_ d¨q]$f_p¨ bl°_p°A° bpmL$p°_° kdS|>[u Apù l[u. –epf bp]$ rkıV$f r_h°q]$[pbpgd¨q]$f_p¨ bpmL$p°A° `Z ‚]$iÆ_ r_lpmhp_p° gpc gu^p° l[p°.

10.5 : _hfpr”`hÆ_u DS>hZu :

[p. 26-09-2009, ir_hpf_p q]$hk° M°gpOf_p¨ bpmL$p° A_° |hÆ-‚p\rdL$ rinL$A›ep`_ d¨q]$f_p¨ bl°_p° ‹pfp _hfpr”`hÆ_u DS>hZu L$fhpdp¨ Aphu, S>°dp¨ fpk, Nfbp,ı[yr[, Apf[u hN°f° fS|> L$fhpdp¨ ApÏep¨. bpmL$p° _hfpr”_° A_yÍ$` ky¨]$f `p°ipL$ `l°fu_°ApÏep¨ l[p¨. A¨[dp¨ kp•_° ‚kp]$ Ap`hpdp¨ ApÏep°.

10.6 : q]$hpmu L$pXÆ$ ‚]$iÆ_ :

[p. 09-10-2009, iyæ$hpf_p q]$hk° M°gpOf_p¨ bpmL$p° ‹pfp [•epf L$fhpdp¨ Aph°gq]$hpmu L$pXÆ$_y ‚]$iÆ_ ep°S>hpdp¨ ApÏey l[y. Ap ‚]$iÆ__y D]π$OpV$_ M°gpOf_u _p_u bprgL$p

∞yhpïu ≈°V¨$rNep ‹pfp, Óu ]$u`L$cpC ≈°iu [\p Óu _ftklcpC Qp•lpZ_u D`sı\r[dp¨,L$fhpdp¨ ApÏey¨. ]$f°L$ bpmL°$ M|b S> fk`|hÆL$ ‚]$iÆ_ r_lp˛ey¨. hpguAp°A° blp°mu k¨øepdp¨‚]$iÆ_ r_lpmhp_p° gpc gu^p°.

10.7 : [p. 14-10-2009, by^hpf. ‚\d k”_p A¨r[d q]$hk° bpmL$p°_° q]$hpmu_uiyc°√R>pAp° kp\° q]$hpmu L$pXÆ$, aV$pL$X$p Ap`hpdp¨ ApÏep¨. bpmL$p° h∑L°$i__u dp°S>-dı[udpV°$ MyiMyipg ]°$Mp[p¨ l[p¨.

10.8 : [p. 05-11-2009, Nyfyhpf. q‹[ue k”_p ‚\d q]$hk° bpmL$p° q]$hpmu h∑L°$i_dp¨ºep¨-ºep¨ afhp Nep¨ l[p¨, L°$V$gp aV$pL$X$p ap°X$Èp hN°f° hp[Qu[ L$fu.

10.9 : [p. 23-11-2009, kp°dhpf. bpmL$p°_p¨ hS>_-KQpC dp‡ep¨.qqq


ApcpfrkıV$f r_h°q]$[p i•nrZL$ k¨Ly$g_° _uQ°_p¨ iyc°√R>L$p° [fa\u rhrh^ ‚h©r—Ap°

dpV°$ ]$p_ dm°g R>°. Ad° [°d_p¨ ˘]$e`|hÆL$ Apcpfu R>uA°.

(1) Óud[u fy÷pbl°_ `fuM ey.A°k.A°. X$p∑gf 151(2) Óu [yjpfcpC dl°[p ey.A°k.A°. Í$. 11,000(3) Óu ‚huZcpC X$p¨Mfp kyf[ Í$. 10,000(4) Óu k¨S>ecpC fp¨rcep dy¨bC$ Í$. 10,000(5) Óud[u fsÌdbl°_ Óp°a hX$p°]$fp Í$. 10,000(6) Óu kyd_cpC A°d. ‚≈`r[ Ad]$php]$ Í$. 1,000(7) Óu ‚rd[cpC ≈°iu fpS>L$p°V$ Í$. 500

Dear Gulabbhai and Ushaben,

After a long time, we are compelled to write this note after

reviewing some of the articles and your exemplary report of activities of

Sister Nivedita School and other programs such as School-on-wheels

(SOW) in the latest issue of 'Samudgar.'

Every three months, we anxiously await the arrival of a new copy

of 'Samudgar.' Our first page starts from Sister Nivedita Educational

Activities Report by Dipakbhai Joshi and others. We have always

expressed our thrill and pleasure at wonderful accomplishments of

Sister Nivedita team.

We are constantly surprized and amazed at the depth and breadth

of the educational activities conducted by Sister Nivedita which benefit

a wide spectrum of population. Specially commendable are your

programs in value education, 'Vachan Shibirs', Home Management

course, Aushadhi Upvan and continuing education for adults. Also note-

worthy are your editorials and book reviews.

Our annual visit to the school in Rajkot, as well as our experience

during the Medical Camp for the SOW children feels like we have been

to some pilgrimage.

Gulabbhai & Ushaben, we are very grateful to you for the

opportunity to work for these children and their teachers. We are equally

thankful to all of the staff of Sister Nivedita and SOW programs for

their devotion to excellence in education and all the assistance they

provide during our visit.

We wish you a lot of success for all the current activities and

expansion of the programs for future. 'Samudgar' in the field of

education in India is like “Harvard Buisness Review” in the field of

hpQL$p°_p `”p°hpQL$p°_p `”p°hpQL$p°_p `”p°hpQL$p°_p `”p°hpQL$p°_p `”p° leading edge business in USA - no exaggeration !

Wishing you a long happy and healthy life so that you continue this

inspiring work.

Yogini & Jayant Shroff

Share and Care Foundation, USA

*

rinZ_p¨ k¨fiepku Óu NygpbcpC A_° Djpbl°_ ≈_u,

Ap`_p ‹pfp rinZ_u ƒep°[ S>g[u fl° R>°. rhrh^ ‚h©r—Ap° ^d^du flu R>°.Ap`_p¨ r_d¨”Z dm° R>° A_° ]¨$N \C S>hpe R>°. k[[ ‚h©r—-‚Nr[de ∆h_\u d_‚kfl \pe R>°.

"kdy]π$Npf' r_erd[ dm° R>°. [° ‹pfp Oœ¨ ≈Zhp, kdS>hp, rhQpfhp dm° R>°A_° [°dp¨\u ‚°fZp dm° R>°, l•epdp¨ Dâpk `\fpe R>°.

i∑f A∑fiX$ L∑$f apDfiX°$i_, ey.A°k.A°._p kp•S>fie\u rinL$p°_y¨ kpfy¨ A°hy¨ kfidp_\pe R>°. Ap` kpfy¨ L$pd L$f_pf_° h^y bm Ap`p° R>p°.

i¨cycpC ep°Nu_h∆h_ ApÓdipmp, dœ¨]$, [p.rS>. `pV$Z

am_u k°hp dlpd|gu R>°, ag_u k°hp d^yf R>°,

`Z lz¨ [p° kd`ÆZcph\u R>p¨eX$p° `p\f[y¨

`p¨]$Xy¨$ b_u_° [pfy¨ k°hL$`]$ hp¨R>ui.

The service of the fruit is precious,

the service of the flower is sweet,

but let my service be the service

of the leaves in its shade of

humble devotion.

- Tagore


SAMUDGAR - BY SISTER NIVEDITA SCHOOL

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