Sampling (extensions to general lattice), Video, and Colorxlx/courses/ee4830/notes/lec3_2.pdf ·...

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02/09/09 1 Lecture 3  (2.9.09) Sampling (extensions to general lattice), Video, and Color Shahram Ebadollahi DIP ELEN E4830

Transcript of Sampling (extensions to general lattice), Video, and Colorxlx/courses/ee4830/notes/lec3_2.pdf ·...

Page 1: Sampling (extensions to general lattice), Video, and Colorxlx/courses/ee4830/notes/lec3_2.pdf · 02/09/09 1 Lecture 3 (2.9.09) Sampling (extensions to general lattice), Video, and

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Lecture 3 (2.9.09)

Sampling (extensions to general lattice), Video, and Color

Shahram Ebadollahi

DIP ELEN E4830

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Lecture Outline

Review of Lecture 2 Sampling on general lattice Video

Fundamentals of Analog and Digital Video Color

Visual Perception Color Representation Color Models and Transformations Color Sampling and Interpolation

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Progressive:

Interlaced:

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Eye Physiology & Visual Perception

I x,y,λ =r x,y,λ L x,y,λ

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Eye Physiology & Visual Perception

Rods & Cones Distribution in Retina

•6~7 Million

•Highly sensitive to color

•Concentrated in Fovea

•Photopic (day light)  vision

•75~150 Million

•Sensitive to low illumination

•Distributed over Retina 

• Scotopic (dim light) vision

Photoreceptor Cells

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Visual Perception: Luminence

I x,y,λ =r x,y,λ L x,y,λ

F x,y =∫0

I x,y,λ V λ dλ

Luminance (intensity)

Spectral Power Distribution of the Stimulus

Well lit scene

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Visual Perception: Color

Humans perceive only a few dozen gray levels but thousands of colors

Color perceptual attributes: Brightness (perceived Luminence) Hue (“redness”, “greenness”, …) Saturation

3 types of Cone Photoreceptors

S3 λ S2λ S1λ

Cones: 65% (R), 33% (G), 2% (B)

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Color Representation

C λ

α1C

α2 C

α3C

∫ S1λ C λ dλ

∫ S2 λ C λ dλ

∫ S3 λ C λ dλ

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Primary & Secondary Colors

Mon

itors

, pro

ject

ors,

 dig

ital 

cam

era,

 sca

nner

Pai

ntin

g, p

rintin

g

Images above from: http://www.rgbworld.com/color.html

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CIE Chromacity Diagram

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Color Monitor & Printer Color Gamut

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RGB Color Cube

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Color Interpolation

GBGBGBGB8RGRGRGRG7GBGBGBGB6RGRGRGRG5GBGBGBGB4RGRGRGRG3GBGBGBGB2RGRGRGRG187654321

Bayer Pattern 

(a color filter array CFA pattern)

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CMY and CMYK Color Model

Used in printers Primary pigment colors, 

secondary light colors Subtractive vs. Additive

[CMY ]=[

111 ]−[

RGB ]

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HSI Color Model

Intensity Hue Saturation

Cube at different intensity cross­

sections

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HSI Color Model

Saturated colors on the outer points

Max. saturation at intermediate intensity levels

Distance between colors:

DC1 ,C 2 =w1 H+wΔ 2 S+wΔ 3 IΔ

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Manipulation HSI images

• HSI values of primary and secondary colors

• HSI allows for independent manipulation of colors

• Hue of Green & Blue set to Zero

• Saturation of Cyan reduced by ½

• Intensity of white reduced by ½

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Color Image Processing: Point vs. Kernel Processing

f x,y =[f R x,y

f G x,y

f B x,y ] g x,y =T [ f x,y ]