SAMPLE Financial Analysis of an Organisation
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Transcript of SAMPLE Financial Analysis of an Organisation
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The Tesla Motor Company was founded in 2003 by a group of Silicon Valley engineers (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). Tesla’s headquarters are located in Palo Alto, CA in the heart of Silicon Valley and currently employ over 2000 people (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). The organizers of the company chose this locaJon because of the close proximity to other technologically innovaJve companies and the ability to work with these organizaJons to create a technologically advanced vehicle (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). The goal when they started the company was to accelerate the world’s transiJon to electric mobility with affordable, fun to drive, and environmentally friendly electric cars (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). In 2008 the Tesla Roadster, the company’s first electric car, was introduced to the market and the company has grown considerably since then. Currently there are Tesla Roadsters in more than 37 different countries and the organizaJon has locaJons for service and sales in 31 naJons (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). Tesla Motors is run by CEO Elon Musk, who works closely with an execuJve team in all aspects of design and development of the company’s vehicles. Tesla became a publically traded company on the NASDAQ stock exchange in 2010 when the company launched an iniJal public offering of the stock at $17 a share (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013).
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CEO Elon Musk was the principal founder of the Tesla Motor Company when the company was founded in 2003 (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). Before Musk got his start in the car industry, he was involved in many other very successful organizaJons. He co-‐founded PayPal, the world’s leading internet payment system, and has been an execuJve in companies such as SpaceX, SolarCity, and Zip2 (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). Musk’s passion for technology and science pushed him to start Tesla Motor company to try and create a future full of sustainable energy vehicles (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). Musk has brought a vast amount of engineering and business experience to Tesla and is the principal financier of the organizaJon (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). As the CEO of Tesla, Musk has worked closely with the other execuJves on the product development and design of each car since the start of the organizaJon (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). Along with the Board of Directors, Musk oversees the management and direcJon of the organizaJon and looks out for the best interest of the company. The board is also responsible for ensuring the company is in compliance with governing laws and regulaJons (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013).
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Tesla has the goal of lessening the global dependence on petroleum-‐based products for personal transportaJon. The company intends to achieve this goal by creaJng electric vehicles that reduce or eliminate the need for fossil fuels (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). Tesla’s fully electric cars produce less greenhouse gases and pollutants than any other vehicle that is for sale on the market today (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). The company has been able to achieve this goal because the fully electric ba]ery produces no emissions of any kind (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). Although the ba]ery must be recharged from an external power source, on average the amount of polluJon created from this process is 1/3rd of any other alternaJve fuel or hybrid vehicle (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). Tesla also offers a solar powered photovoltaic cell that can be installed on the roof of the vehicle to charge the internal ba]ery. When a person drives less than 350 miles per week they are able to completely eliminate the need for any other power source besides the solar cell, making their carbon footprint zero (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). The only way Tesla can achieve their long term goal of eliminaJng the need for fossil fuels is though the use of cuang edge technology (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). Tesla Motors is commi]ed to technology and is constantly innovaJng to create the most efficient vehicles on the road. In fact, the car is linked to the company headquarters and is rouJnely updated to improve its operaJon and efficiency (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). This emphasis on technology has produced the unquesJonable most energy efficient and clean burning car on the market.
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Tesla motors had their strongest quarter ever in the 3rd quarter of 2013 (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). The company’s gross profit margin increased 21% from the 2nd quarter of 2013 and has grown every quarter since the company was founded (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). Quarterly numbers showed a net income of $16 million or roughly $.12 per share at the current stock price (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). Despite the net income and the increase in free cash flows in the organizaJon, Tesla Motors does not pay out a dividend to stock holders. Instead of providing a dividend the company uses all earnings to finance future growth and reinvests all money to keep the company growing (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). This has resulted in steady growth since the company started producing vehicles and a step in the right direcJon towards their ulJmate goal of moving the world towards affordable and widely available electric transportaJon. CEO Musk believes that by reinvesJng in the organizaJon they will be able to make technological and producJon advances which will result in Tesla models cosJng roughly ½ the price of the current $80,000 vehicles they offer (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). In order for the organizaJon to reach this long term goal they must conJnue to grow and expand to reach new markets. Tesla has significantly improved their cash balances from $49 million to total of $796 million in the 3rd quarter of 2013 (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). With the increased cash flows there has been a significant increase in the total assets of the organizaJon and the net worth of the company. Tesla has nearly doubled their asset value from $1.14 billion at the end of 2012, to $2.17 billion at the end of Sept in 2013 (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013).
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Tesla has grown significantly over the past year and looks to conJnue this growth over the next couple of years. Revenues have grown from $106 million in 9 months of the 2012 fiscal year to over $1.7 billion in the same 9 months in 2013 (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). The company is expecJng to produce roughly the same number of vehicles in the 4th quarter than it did in the 3rd quarter of 2013, however, the organizaJon is expecJng to have gross margin improvements as manufacturing costs are reduced and producJon becomes more efficient (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). Aier a drop in the past year’s research and developments budget the company is expecJng to increase expenses in that area by nearly 25% as they vamp up work in the new models set to release in the next couple of years (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). Tesla will also see a significant increase of 40% in capital expenditures as more money is used to increase factory producJon capability as well as infrastructure support. As expected, with the conJnued growth the organizaJon has seen increases in both fixed and variable costs and the company is a]empJng to keep costs under control as they grow by improving efficiencies in processes and producJon (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013).
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Cash flow is paramount in an organizaJon (Keown, Martin, & Petty, 2011). This is due to the fact that cash flows represent money that can be spent, and is the real indicator of the value of an organizaJon (Keown et al., 2011). While many think that profits drive the value of an organizaJon, some profitable companies have gone out of business because the amount of cash coming in did not compare with the amount of cash going out (Keown et al., 2011). Tesla has significantly increased their cash flows over the past year and has gone from negaJve cash flows to posiJve ones in one quarter (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). Further analysis is required to understand how the organizaJon has had such a significant change in cash flows over the past year and what the future may look like. Through Sept of 2012 Tesla had overall negaJve cash flows of $228 million (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). A majority of their posiJve cash flows were from financing acJviJes and a major source of used cash was on operaJng acJviJes and capital expenditures (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). The net result of this cash flow was $403 million of spent cash during the first 9 months of 2012 (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). While this is a significant amount of cash being used by the organizaJon, these cash flows had a direct impact on the overall posiJve free cash flows the company saw in the 3rd quarter of this year (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). Tesla has used their cash flows in 2012 to invest in the future of the organizaJon. The company has gone from the $228 million used in operaJons in 2012 to $128 of cash provided by operaJng acJviJes in 2013 (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). This gain in cash was then used more in invesJng acJviJes than what had previously been the case. For the year Tesla has seen nearly three Jmes the amount of cash from financing acJviJes than the previous year (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). One of the most important indicators of cash flows is the free cash flows in an organizaJon (Keown et al., 2011). Up unJl the 3rd quarter of 2013 Tesla had never seen a posiJve amount of free cash flows (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). They went from a $78 million net loss in the 2nd quarter of 2013 to a posiJve $25 million the next quarter (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). This is significant because it takes into account the cash available from operaJons aier the firm had paid for investments in working capital and fixed assets (Keown et al., 2011). This free cash flow was then available to be distributed to the firm’s creditors and owners (Keown et al., 2011). In the case of Tesla, it is more money that can be reinvested into the organizaJon since they do not pay out a
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Cash and cash equivalents in 2013 have grow at a tremendous rate when compared to 2012. At the end of Dec 2012 Tesla had cash and cash equivalents of $201 million, through three quarters in 2013 they have almost four Jmes more cash and cash equivalents with $795 million dollars (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). They also have less restricted cash than the previous year and nearly every major indicator of growth for the organizaJon has been posiJve (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). The company has more money from accounts receivable, a larger inventory, and higher values of property and equipment (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). Total assets have doubled in only nine months in the organizaJon (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). The improvements in total cash available are a result of the financing acJviJes of the organizaJon and the substanJal amount of growth (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). This growth is a large reason why the company’s stock price has seen such a dramaJc increase over the past year and is a true indicator of the overall growth of the company.
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Since the iniJal public offering of Tesla stock at $17 in 2010, the company’s stock prices have exploded over the past year. One year ago the stock was priced at $32.52, it currently is selling at $121.38 a share on the NASDAQ (Yahoo Finance, 2013). This 400% increase in stock price has been fueled by the highly popular cars and the growth of the company. As noted before in the cash flows of the company, Tesla has significantly increased the amount of cash in the organizaJon in the past year (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). They have gone from negaJve cash flows to posiJve cash on hand in the same year and the stock market has reacted to the significant amount of growth in the organizaJon (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). The company’s total assets have doubled in the past year and they have shown improvements in every major indicator Jed to financial growth (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). These stratospheric gains in stock price have not come without a cost. Many financial experts have come to quesJon whether or not the stock has been fueled by speculaJon and has outpaced the actual potenJal of the company. These reduced expectaJons have resulted in the stock being labeled as a strong buy for the majority of this year to now being suggested as a hold by many major financial firms (Levin, 2013). Many Jmes stock prices are measured as a mulJple of earnings per share, and since the company did not post any earnings in the last quarter some have begun to quesJon whether or not the company will be as successful as some think. Another reason the stock has come down from the highs seen in October of this year is because of the recent fires the cars have experienced aier being involved in accidents. The fires and subsequent declines in stock price illustrates the power of the consumer and the consumer’s confidence in a product. One of the most important indicators of the health of the US economy is the consumer confidence index. This economic indicator is based on the consumer’s confidence in the economy and as a result the potenJal for them to spend money versus saving it. Despite Tesla’s highest safety raJng among any car in its class, the fires have shaken the confidence of some consumers and investors (Levin, 2013). The NaJonal Highway TransportaJon AdministraJon (NHTSA) is in the process of opening an invesJgaJon into the car fires and many are concerned it could lead to a costly recall to fix potenJal problems with the vehicles. Tesla has maintained that the cars are the safest on the road and that the invesJgaJon will solidify their top safety spot. Certainly the stock price will react to either posiJve or negaJve news
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Common stock holders have the right to residual income aier creditors and preferred stock holders have been paid (Keown et al., 2011). Some organizaJons pay these stock holders in the form of dividends while others, like Tesla, do not pay out a dividend (Keown et al., 2011). Instead of paying dividends to investors, the organizaJon relies on capital gains on the stock prices to reward investors. Tesla’s ulJmate goal is to invest as much money as possible into research and design to drive down the cost of the cars, expand showroom and service locaJons, and ulJmately conJnue the growth of the organizaJon (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). While the organizaJon did not post any earnings in the previous quarter, it has not stopped the common stock value from conJnuing to climb. Many investors have flocked to the stock because of the growth of the organizaJon and the future of the clean energy transportaJon industry. The company has expanded store locaJons by 20% from quarter 2 to quarter 3 of this year and is building a network of charge sites where the cars can be recharged for free (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). The demand for the car has never been higher and the company can not produce enough vehicles to keep up with orders that it has received (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). As a result the company has had mulJple common stock offerings to raise capital to conJnue their expansion. In October of 2012 the company completed a public stock offering where they sold almost 8 million shares of the common stock to the public raising $221 million dollars (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). Again in May of 2013 the company offered 3.9 million shares of common stock to the public and as a result ne]ed over $355 million dollars (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). The significant difference in amount of money raised is due to the fact that stock prices are nearly five Jmes more in 2013 than they were in 2012 (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). According to the most recent 8-‐K report published by Tesla, they had a net loss of $38 million dollars (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). This net loss resulted in a $.32 net loss per common share of stock which was calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-‐average shares of common stock outstanding for the period (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). This was an increase from the previous quarter of $.26 per share loss but a significant improvement from the previous years $1.05 (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). This is obviously in stark contrast to the reported $.12 gain per share while only considering net income. The large increase in the stock price is part of the reason why per share the losses of the organizaJon are smaller
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One of the most important aspects of long term financial sustainability is the cost of capital (Keown et al., 2011). Every organizaJon must determine how they will raise capital in order to expand and part of this process is understanding how the newly acquired debt will impact the organizaJon in the long run (Keown et al., 2011). Tesla has raised capital in a number of ways, through common and preferred stock, the issuance of converJble notes, DOE loans, and stock opJons. As a result Tesla’s long term debt that has grown from $401 million to $578 million in the past year (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). Cash and cash equivalents are up as a result of the increase in debt and the cash provided by this financing acJvity grew a substanJal amount from $165 million in 2012 to $600 million in 2013 (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). Tesla raised over $1 billion in the first six months of the fiscal year 2013 (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). Using the capital they raised through common stock offerings and converJble senior notes, the company paid off all of the outstanding Department of Energy loans (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). The organizaJon will look to conJnue to raise capital over the next couple of years as they become more profitable and operaJons expand throughout the country and worldwide. Part of this process will be ensuring that they regulaJng the cost of the capital they raise by using converJble senior notes to hedge against any stock losses (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). The company will conJnue to use stock opJons to raise money as it is a direct investment in the organizaJon and can provide a quick source of financing.
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Most of the $1 billion raised for the organizaJon was from 1.5% converJble senior notes which ne]ed $648 million for the company (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). These notes will be due in June of 2018 and will pay out $660 million to the purchasers at a cost of $12 million debt issuance to the organizaJon (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). Tesla also recognized $1.3 million in interest related expenses which was a result of amorJzed debt issuance cost and accrued coupon interest. The notes will be able to be converted into 8.036 shares of the common stock based on the market price of $124.52 at the Jme the notes were issued (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). The owner of the debt will be able to exercise their opJon to collect the shares or the guaranteed $1,000 principal of the note that was issued (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). The organizaJon also has used their interest expense to reduce their tax burden and reduce their taxable income (Keown et al., 2011). As noted earlier, the company has used a mix of stock offerings and converJble notes in order to raise capital.
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In accordance with SEC rules the organizaJon has produced a quarterly report which breaks down the financial acJviJes of the organizaJon (Keown et al., 2011). In this consolidated balance sheet it is possible to evaluate the overall book value of the organizaJon (Keown et al., 2011). The company has nearly quadrupled in cash and cash equivalents in the past six months from $201 million to $746 million (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). The increase in stock price, common stock offerings, converJble notes, and greater producJon are all vital players in this dramaJc increase (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). Including the company’s restricted cash, accounts receivable, inventory, and addiJonal assets the company has total assets at $1.88 billion which is up nearly 70% in 6 months from the end of last year (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). The company is showing significantly higher liabiliJes due to the increase in long term debt and capital lease obligaJons. The increase in assets is also a direct result of the increase in sales and producJon of the vehicles (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). The company has gone from producing 400 vehicles per week in the second quarter to 500 in the current quarter (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). As a result of the increase producJon automoJve sales have increase from $22 million in 2012 to $401 million in 2013 at the end of each fiscal year’s second quarter (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). Increased sales have dramaJcally reduced the net loss of the organizaJon from $105 million to $30 million in the same Jme frame (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). Higher stock prices have resulted in higher equity held by the stockholders of the company. The more stock that is offered and the higher the price per share the company will conJnue to increase the equity owned by the public stock holders (Keown et al., 2011). Increased producJon and increase sales will conJnue to improve the book value of the organizaJon, the company also faces challenges with the recent drop in stock price which would result in a lower amount of equity in the organizaJon due to lower stock prices (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). 13
Tesla Motors faces a number of challenges heading into the future. The company has increased producJon every quarter since incepJon and is now targeJng new markets in both Europe and Asia (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). With these new markets come new challenges the company has not faced before. They must be able to deliver the number of cars they promised on Jme to customers all around the world (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). Any sort of economic slowdown would also dramaJcally affect Tesla like all other car manufacturers (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). Tesla currently produces cars that are targeted towards people with higher incomes, if an economic slowdown were to take place, the number of people the company could sell the cars to would dramaJcally decrease. Due to the high end features on the vehicles and the fact that the company is new to the marketplace they have not been able to diversify suppliers to prevent possibly supply disrupJons (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). Any sort of supply chain problems would significantly impact the ability of the company to complete vehicles on Jme. This supply chain disrupJon would dramaJcally alter the future profitability of the organizaJon and hurt public percepJon (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). Alongside these challenges are unique challenges that only Tesla will face due to the product they produce. They are the only fully electric car company in the world, and as a result must singlehandedly deal with the challenges of promoJng a new product to a market full of companies that are well established and have been around for decades (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). The recent fires the cars have had and subsequent stock price drop is a testament to the fragile public percepJon of the electric cars (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). Coupled with the percepJon that the cars will limit owner’s freedom due to the range of the ba]eries, the company has to reach out to the public and build a posiJve image through current owners experiences (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). Tesla must also work on building an infrastructure that can support the electric cars so potenJal owners do not feel handcuffed by the range and ability to recharge the vehicles ba]ery (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013).
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Tesla’s stock prices have ranged from $32.50 to $194.50 over the past 52 weeks . This volaJlity in stock price has the potenJal to both significantly help or hurt the company as it moves forward. The variances in stock prices can hurt consumer confidence and drive away future investors as a result (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). Coupled with the fact that the company is not planning on offering dividends in the future investors must rely on increase in stock prices to obtain any sort of profit from invesJng in the company (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). In order to conJnue to grow Tesla has taken on a significant amount of debt. In order to pay off the debt they currently have in the form of senior notes, they will require a large amount of cash on hand (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). If producJon or sales slow down and the company is not able to reach profitability paying off the debt could become a challenge (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). This problem would be exacerbated by a low stock price and the company would have possibly have trouble raising enough cash to purchase all the notes with the accrued interest (Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013). The future of the company will be highly conJngent on the growth of the company.
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