Sam

ple

file

ESSEX MINIATURES HAN CHINESE HANE I General in 4·horse heavy chariol wilh

driver axeman & javelinman $4.99 HANE2 General in 2·horse lighl chariol with

driver, archer, axeman & javelinman $3.99 HAND 4·horse heavy chariot with driver, archer,

axeman & javelinman $4.99 HANE4 2'horse light chariot with driver, archer,

axeman & javelinman $3.99 HAN S Heavy cavalry, lance HAN6 Heavy cavalry 2 HCT (Axe) HAN7 Heavy cavalry, crossbow HAN8 Light cavalry, bow HAN9 Light cavalry, lance HAN I 0 Light cavalry, javelin HAN I I Foot halberdiers HAN 12 Spearmen HAN I 3 Crossbowmen HAN 14 Archers HAN I S Swordsmen HAN 16 Convict light javelinman HAN I 7 Foot command pack HAN 18 Arti llerymen

rANG & FIVE DYNASTIES CHINESE TA I Command pack : Mounted Generals TA2 Heavy cava lry lance & sh ield TA 2a Exira heavy cava lry. lance & shield TA3 Heavy cavalry. lance. bow. shield TA 3a Extra heavy cavalry. lance. bow. shield TA4 Lighl caval ry. javelin & shield T A S Horse archer TA6 Heavy infantry T A 7 Med ium infantry TA8 Crossbow man TA9 Archer TA I 0 Artillerists

TIBETANS TA I I Tibetan Super Heavy cavalry TA I I a Tibetan extra heavy cava lry TA 12 Tibetan heavy/medium cavalry TA 13 Nepalese archer

HUNS (m(xed figure types in each packl HU I Horse archer firing HU2 Horse archer with axe HU 3 Horse archer holding sword HU4 Horse archer. spear & shield HU S Command pack: 3 mtd. std . bearers

PARTHIANS PA I Calaphract PA2 Horse archer PA3 EXira heavy ca mels (lancel

ARMENIANS PM Horse archer PA S Calaphract

MAURI KlAN BYZANTINE BlAI BlA2 BlA3 BlM

BlA S BlAb BlA7 BlA8 PSILOI BlA9 BlAIO BlAl1 BlAI 2 BZA I 3

Command pack : Mounted General Kataphrakloi EHe. lance. bow. shield Kalaphraktoi heavy cavalry. lance. bow. shield Kataphraktoi Command: Mtd . Officers. Std . bearers Trapezitoi ligh t cavalry. lance. shield Horse archers Skutatoi Sku tatoi archer Isuitable for all Byzantinesl Psiloi archer Psiloi iavelinmen Psiloi slinger Psi loi crossbowmen Psiloi staff slinger

THEMATIC BYZANTINE BlA 14 Kalaphraktoi EHC BlA I S Kataphraktoi He. bow BlA 16 Horse archer BlA I 7 Skutatoi

ASIATIC HORDES HSAI Alan heavy ca,a lry HSA2 Alan horse archer HSA3 Bulgar heavy ca,alry HSA4 Bulgar horse archer HSA5 Pecheneg horse archer HSA6 Khazar heavy cavalry HSA7 Slav foot archer HSA8 Slav axemen HSA9 Slav javelin men HSA10 Slav med ium cavalry HSAII Avar heavy cavalry HSAlla Avar extra heavy cavalry HSA12 Avar horse archers HSA13 2 Mtd. Officers

I Std. bearer (This pack suitab le for all Asiatics)

15mm ANCIENTS

BlA 18 Skutatoi BlA 19 Skutatoi archer BlA20 Trapezitoi ISuitable for Themat ic & Nikephorianl

NIKEPHORIAN BYZANTINE BZA2 1 Klibanophoroi SHC BZA22 Klibanophoroi EHC archer BlAB Tagmatic Kataphraktoi EHC lance . shield BZABa Tagmatic Ka taphraktoi heavy cava lry. lance.

shield BZA24 Tagmatic Kalaphrakto i EHC bow BZA2 S Skutatoi BZA26 Skutatoi archer BZA27 Vara ngian Guard BZA28 Arti llerists

SASSANIO PERSIANS SA 1 Command pack: Mounted General SA2 Cataphracts SA3 Clibanarii E.H.C. SA3a Clibanarii heavy cav. SA4 Light cavalry, bow, jav. & sh. SA5 Foot archer SA6 Slinger SA 7 Levy spearmen SAS8 Foot command: Officers, Std . bearers SAE9 Elephant wilh driver, 2 archers, 1

ja,elinman in howdah $4.49 SAE9a Elephant with driver, 3 archers in $4.49

howdah SA 10 Artillerisls

CAMILLAN ROMAN 275BC· 105BC RO I Command pack : Mtd. General R02 Legionary pilum & shield R03 Legionary pilum & shield R04 Legionary long spear & shield RO S Vel iles light infantry . javelin & shield R06 Heavy cavalry. javelin & shield R0 7 Italian Medium/Heavy cava lry. iavelin & shield R08 Command pack : Foot offi cers Std . bearers &

musicians

AUXILIARIES:

NUMIDIAN R09 Light cava lry iav . & sh ield ROI O Foot archer RO I I la velinmen with shield ROl 2 Slinger

SPANISH RO 13 Scutarii LMI RO 14 Caetrati light infantry

MARIAN ROMAN I05BC·25BC RO I S Bodyguard heavy cavalry. iavelin & shield RO 16 Legionary pilum & shield RO 17 Legionary pilum & shield RO 18 Command pack: Foot Officers Std . bea rers.

musicians

EARLY IMPERIAL ROMANS RO 19 Command pack : Mounted General R0 20 Heavy cav . iav .. & shield R0 2 I Equites Singulares or Praetorian heavy cav "

iav .. & shield R022 R023 R024 R0 2S R02b R02 7 R028 R0 29 R030

MONGOL MOAI MOA2 MOA2a MOA3 MOA4 MOA5 MOA6 MOA7 MOA8 MOA9

Aux iliary heavy cav .. iav .. & sh ield Auxiliary heavy cav .. lance Legionary earl y I st century Legio nary mid I Sf cent. Praetorian infantry 'Marine' Legionary Auxiliary light heavy inf . L TS & shield Auxi liary light heavy inf.. iav & shield Com mand pack : Two Of fi cers . Signifers . [. musicians

Command pack: Mounted General Heavy cav. lance & bow Extra heavy cav., lance & bow Medium cav., lance & bow l ight cav .. lance & bow Horse archer Med ium camelry with bow Oismounted cav .. lance, shield & bow ~i smounted cav., pa,ise, lance & bow Command pack: Camel drummer & Camel standard bearer

Each pack includes 8 Infantry, 6 Com· mand, 4 Cavalry or 3 Mounted Com· mand for $ 2.67

FIGURES SUITABLE FOR EARLY & MIDDLE IMPERIAL ROMANS R03 ] Western a u ~ il iary archer ROll Eastern auxi lia ry a rcher

MtDDLE IMPERIAL ROMANS R033 Command pack : Mounled General R034 Heavy cavalry iav .. & shield R03'; Light (aval ry. iavelin & sh ield R036 Praetorian infantr y R037 Legionary R038 Legionary Lanciari i jav .. [, shield R039 Auxi liary infantry iav .. & shield R040 Auxiliary archer R04 I Command pack : Two Of fi cers . Signi!e rs &

musicians

FIGURES SUITABLE FOR EARLY & MIDDLE IMPERIAL ROMANS ROl12 Catafractarii SHC R043 Dromedari i ILL camelrYI 3 per pack R044 Art illerymen 16 per packl

LA TE IMPERIAL ROMANS R04 S Command pack : Mounted General R046 Clibanarii R047 Heavy cav .. iav .. & sh ield R048 Heavy cava lry. lance R049 Horse archer ROSO Light cav .. iav . & shield ROS I Legionary R052 Legionary arche r ROS 3 Auxil ia javelin man ROS4 Legionary lanciarii ROSS Aux ilia archer ROS6 Command pack : Two Officer . Draconar ius. &

musicians

PALMY RAN (For Cataphracts use R042) RO S7 Light cava lry iav .. bow & shield RO S8 Horse archer RO S9 Foot archer R060 Heavy came lry 13 per pack I

Essex ARMIES $52.99 have 22 packs (about 160 pieces) and total 1000-2000 points. They contain a painting guide and where possible units contain mixed poses .

RMA93 RMA94 RMA95 RMA96 RMA97 RM A98 RMA99 RMAI OO RMAIOI RMA 102 RMA 10 3 RMAI 04 RMA6 RM A7 RM A I4 RMA20 RMA22 RMA2 3

RMA 105 RMA 106

Maur ikian Byza ntine Han Chinese Huns Parthian Ea rl y Bulgar Slav Avar Armenian Cami llan Roman Numidian Early Imperial Roman Middle Imperia l Ro man Pa lmyran Late tmperia l Roman Marian Roman T ang Chinese Thematic Byzantine Nikephor ian Byzantine

Mongol Sung Chinese

SUNG CHINESE SUAI Command pack: Mounted General SUA2 Heavy cavalry SUA3 Light cavalry SUA4 Horse archer SUA5 Guard infantry. javelins SUA6 Medium inf. , lTS & shield SUA7 Crossbowman SUA8 Archer SUA9 Javel inman

Sam

ple

file

L1 . ~ \

'. " ~ - ~J,_~_ .. _ .

GMA 4 British Artillery Crew - (4) Consisting of the following figures:­GMA 4a Officer with fuse GMA 4b Crew with rammer and ball bag GMA 4c Crew with bucket wiping brow GMA 4d Crew standing with handspike

ARTILLERY GMA 1 Siege Gun (1) GMA 2 9/121b Cannon (1) GMA 3 Elephant and Mahout with Limber (1 each)

PRICES 10 Pack figures 5 Pack figures 5 Pack horses

BRITISH INFANTRY BRI Officer pointing - (5) BR2 Sgt. Major pointing - (5) BR3 Drummer Boy - (5) BR4 Officer .. Naval Captain - (5) BRS Officer in Campaign dress walking, hat off - (5) BR6 Gurkha (British Officer) pointing with sword - (5) BR7 Infantry in shirt - at ready , fixed bayonet - (10) BRB Infantry in shell jacket - charging with fixed bayonet - (10) BR9 Highlander at ready - fixed bayonet - (10) BRIO Infantry standing firing - (10) BRll Loyal Sikh advancing - fixed bayonet - (10) BR12 Gurkha advancing - (10)

BRITISHCAVALRY - All 5 Pack

BRC1 Officer pointing with sword BRC2 Hussar/Dragoon charging BRC 3 Sikh British Officer firing pistol BRC4 Sikh with sword

MUTINEERS MU 1 Leader pointing in Turban - (5) MU 2 Leader in cap - charging with sword - (5) MU 3 Bugler in cap - (5) MU 4 Native in Turban, standing firing - (10) MU 5 Native in cap charging with sword and shield - (10) MU 6 Native in cap advancing, fixed bayonet - (10) MU 7 Sepoy on guard in Dhoti - (10)

MUTINEER CAVALRY - All 5 Pack MUC 1 Charging with sword, wearing cap MUC 2 brandishing pistol , wearing Turban

HORSES (Suitable for both sides - All 5 Pack) H 13 Horse trotting H 14 Horse at gallop

GMA 5 Mutineer Artillery Crew - (4) Consisting of the following figures:­GMA Sa Leader directing fire

4 Pack Artillery Crew GMA 1

$3.49 1.99 2.49 1.99

$3.49 $1.99 $5.99

GMA 5b In turban with rammer GMA 5c In cap, turning wheel

~I" ,",boo. mrym, b.ok ..

GMA 2 GMA 3

Sam

ple

file

:',

('~mb£

] ~f)utt.i~·tt NORTH AMERICA'S FOREMOST MINIATURE GAMING MAGAZINE

ARTICLES

CAMPAIGNING IN THE PENINSULA TRIP ALFORD describes a Napoleonic campaign using Empire IV .............................................................. ....................... .................... ......... .. ..... ................. ... .... ..... 5

THE UNITED STATES ARMY DURING THE MEXICAN-AMERICAN WAR BOB MARSHALL w ith organ izat ion and uniform information . .. .. ... .... .. .. ... .... .. .. ..... ... ..... .. ..... ... .... ............... ............ ..... ............................................. ... ........ .. .... .. ... 19

USEABLE RULES FOR THE MEXICAN-AMERICAN WAR BOB MARSHALL reviews avai lable ru les for the peri od ............... .... .......................................................................................................................... ........................ 27

DECISION OTR PAUL KOCH with a series of 10 scenarios for On To Richmund ru les .... ..... ........ .. .... ... .... .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .... ... ......... .. .. ..... .............. ................................... .... .... ..... .. ... 39

FIRST CLASH: THE BOOK AND THE BATTLE BILL RUTHERFORD with NATO-Warsaw Pact scenarios based on the book ..... .... .. ........... ... .. ... .... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ........... .. ..... ... ...... ... .... ............................. ..... .... .. ... 45

LESSER USED ARM IES FROM THE WRG ANCIENTS ARMY LISTS TERRY GORE reviews the uses of several unused arm ies .. .... ... ... ... .. ... .... .. ............. ....................................... .............. ................................. ...... ..... ...... ..... .. ........ ... ... 51

RULE NOTES : TWO PLUS TWO EQUALS FIVE NED ZUPARKO examines the quantification of combat factors in ru les ...................... ........... .. ..... .................. .... .............. ............... .... ... .. .... .. ... .. ..... ................... 61

WALLS AND H EDGES MICHAEL DORY with construction techniques ............. .. ... ... .... ........................................................................... .. ............ ..... ..... ..... .. ..... ..... .... .. .. .. ............ ............. ... 62

DEPARTMENTS

FORAGE PARTY A Bibli ography of the Mexican-American War .... .................. ............. .... .. ... ...... ..... .. ... .... ......... ...... ............. ........... .... .. .... ... .. ... .... ...................... ... 29

THE REVIEWING STAND Fi gures, Rules and Reference Works ........... ........... ............... ................. .......... ..................... ......... .... .. .. .. ... ..... ...... ........... ... .. .... .. ... .. .. ... 33

THE COURIER DISPATCH News of The Hobby ....................... .. .. .. ..... .. .. .. ... .. .. ......... ....... .. ..... .. ... ............. .. .. .. .. ..... ........................................ ..... ...... ..................... .. 57

DISPATCHES FROM TH E FI ELD Letters to (or at) the Editor .. ......... .... .. .......................................................................... ...... ......................................... .... .. ... .... ... 63

VOLLEY FIRE What you li ke (or hate) about THE COUR IER ..... .............................................................. ......... ........... ... .............. ....... ................................. ...... ... ... . 64

COVE R: French Chasseurs a' Pied. An original watercolor by the noted military painter Orlando Norie (1832-1901). The painting depicts French Napoleonic Chasseurs a' Pied driving off a cavalry charge. (Some uniform distinctions may vary from contemporary sources.) Collection of Trip Alford.

3

Sam

ple

file

~be

~I)-u~i-t:tt MANAGING EDITOR: Richard L. Bryant

BUSINESS MANAGER: Leo Cron in ART DIRECTOR: joseph M iceli

ADVERTISING MANAGER: Tom Desmond THEME EDITOR: THE MEXICAN-AMERICAN WAR

Robert Marshall

CONTRIBUTING EDITORS jim Arnold; Ken Bunger; Robert Beattie; j im Birdseye; Lynn Bodin; john Boehm; Rodman Burr; Pat Condray; Todd Fisher; Bi ll Greenwald; jay Hadley; Ian Knight; Paul Koch; Doug johnson; Tom MCMillen; Bi ll Protz; Greg Rice; Bi ll Rutherford; Walter Simon.

STAFF CARTOONISTS: jim Birdseye jose Niera

STAFF PHOTOG RAPH E RS : Bill Greenwald Orv Banasik Pat Condray

THE COURIER DISPATCH: Greg Rice

STAFF ILLUSTRATORS Alan Archambault, AI Karasa, joe Matthews, Larry Schuman, Terry Manton, Bill Greenwald

Michael Tyson

TYPESETTING: Steve Brown

PRINTING: Quantum Printing

THE COURIER PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. Richard L. Bryant, President

DIRECTORS Richard Bryant, Leo Cronin, joseph Miceli

THE COURIER is published approximately bi-monthly at Brockton, MA 02401 USA.

SUBSCRIPTIONS USA - $19.00; CANADA & S. AMERICA, surface rate - $23.00. UN ITED KINGDOM & EUROPE write to: Athena Books, 20 St. Mary's Rd. , Doncaster, South Yorkshire DN1 2NP England. . AUSTRALIA write to: Essex Min iatu res Pty., Ltd., 40 Railway Parade, Lakemba, NSW 2195.

BACK ISSUES Recent back issues are available for $4.50, USA; $5.00 Canada & Foreign surface; $6.00 Foreign airmail. See last page of issue for listing. Monies in USfundsdrawn on US banks or International Postal Money Order. Subscriptions start with NEXT published issue after receipt of payment.

No responsibili ty is assumed for statements of fact or opinion made by the authors. No responsibili ty is assumed for unsolicited manuscripts, but all sub­missions are welcome, no query necessary. All sub­miss ions should contain a self-add ressed STAMPED envelope large enough to return the submission.

This magazine and other publications of Th e Courier Publishing Company are sold with the understanding that every reasonable attempt is made to deliver them safely through the mails. The Courier Publish­ing Company is not responsible for items lost in the mails. Replacements will be provided at their usual cost.

ALL DOMESTIC DEALER INQUIRIES, ADVERTISING COpy AND INQUIRIES, DOM ESTIC SUBSCRIP­TIONS AND ARTICLES to THE COURIER, Box 1878,

Brockton, MA 02403.

Entire Contents Copyright 1989 by The Courier Publishing Company, Inc.

VOL. IX, NO.2

THE VANGUARD

EDITOR'S NOTES

just when I despair of having a topi c to discuss in an ed itorial, GAMA (Game Manu fac­turer's Association) comes to the rescue w ith some new evidence of the uphill fight we Historical Miniaturists sti ll have to wage for equal recogn it ion.

As a member of the Academy of Adventure Gaming Arts and Design, I am part of the ever changing process of determining who gets the GAMA Awards at Origins each year. At about this time we are sent a listing of all the items that are up for consideration for the awards. This wi ll eventually become the ballot that you see The Courier and many other hobby magaziens publish each year.

This year of 475 entries listed, 9 are for historical miniatures, w ith on ly two listings for Best Historial M iniature Series. One of those entrants being for Lance and Laser Models, an out­fit that I am sure is reputable but o f w hich I never heard in 20 years in the hobbyl

With a 10 minute effort I located 20 Historical Compan ies w ho made 31 releases which comply w ith the rules for inclusion in the listing. I forwarded that list to the Academy - it wi ll be interesting to see if they include these to give historical miniatures an equal shake.

GAMA sends out a form to each of its members w herein they can list their new re leases to be considered forthese awards. Most Historial Miniature Manufacturers cannot afford the cost of belonging to GAMA, so are not included in the mailin g. Yet GAMA purports to want to award the BEST, whether they are a GAMA memberornot. To help out I will from nowon provide this notice in every issue:

FOR GAMA AWARD CONSIDERATION SEND YOUR NEW PRODUCT LISTING TO: Product ' releases

Academy, P.O. Box 3727 Hayward, CA 94544 FAX (415) 547-2657

If every publisherof Historical Miniatures Rules, every manufacturerof Historical Miniature Figures or Accessory sends in a list of those new items released before Dec. 31 of a given year, it w ill be considered for awards at the next Origins.

HAPPY HOLIDAYS

As I write this we are coming into the holiday season. I hope that you will all enjoy them and that your loved one has a superbly painted 1000 figure army hidden away for your holiday gift. Wishing never hurt!!

QUOTABLE WARGAME QUOTES

" If abiding by any ru le to the letter produces an improbable situation, it should be disregarded in that instance. If the participants do not agree on this, let them toss for it. Thi s is better than multiplying rules to deal w ith evelY possible contingency, which tends to make gaming more depen­dent on feats of memory than on tactica l skilL" - Phil Barker in hi s Ru les (or World War Two (Normandy) Wargames. The booklet came out some time in the 1960's. Submitted by Jim Flanagan.

4

Sam

ple

file

CAMPAIGNING IN THE PENINSULA BY TRIP ALFORD

French infantry on the march. Photo by Orv Banasik. Figures are 25mm Minifigs painted by the photographer.

NAPOLEONIC EDITOR'S NOTE: The account of the Madrid Campaign played out in Birmingham, AL is described here as an ahistorica l account using the narrative format indicative of standard histo ries. The campaign emphasized limited intelligence and the author felt that this approach would best give the article the feel of a real campaign. The units used, the commanders' names, and the maps and army organizations are all histori­cal. Th e guys in Birmingham had the capability of fie lding enough units to duplicate the campaign. Most gamers will fall critically short of the re­quired forces to duplica te a major campaign and thus must tailor a situa­tion to the forces and scale that they can duplica te. Trip used the Empire Campaign System because it works fairly well and does not require an umpire. The use of a line of communica tions is a key element in this sys­tem because it ties an army to an axis of march and is the conduit of supply as well as message traffic. Spa in, w ith its vicious guerilla war, put an additiona l burden on the French line of communications. The ECS also provides commanders with o ld data on the opposition and friendly forces. For example, you may find out where your opponent was located two to five days ago. This leads to deductive and inductive reasoning exercises by both commanders as they grope about the countryside seeking or avoid­ing battle. Campaigns are also excellent tools fo r creating tactical encoun­ters that are frequently unbalanced. These provide a range o f tactical dilemmas which offer rea l challenges to the players.

The following is a recap o f a Napoleoni c Campaign recently played w ithin our group. We used the Empire Campaign System (ECS) by Kip Trexel to handle the strategic aspects and 15mm figures w ith Empire IV by Scotty Bowden and Jim Getz to adjudi cate the tactica l. The fo llowing people participated in the Peninsular Campaign: Trip Alford, Ray Davis, Rick Byrd, Dennis Cook, Vince Solfro nk, Dave Pruett, Bryan Patterson, Mike Pfanensti el, j oey M iller, Wally Inman, Ken M cCoy, j ohn Bi li and Greg Robitai lle.

The Peninsular Campa ign scenario was based upon Wellington's Sala­manca Campaign of 1812. An historica l o rder o f battle was used and the units involved also started wi th their histo ri cal strengths. The deploy­ment of the troops was also based upon the locations wh ich they gener­ally occupied around the 13th of June, 181 2. Since we used the basic ECS system we did not need to use an ump ire because with ECS all move­ment is hidden. The map we used did not have hexes so all movement was converted to " mil es per hour" and pl otted w ith ca lipers. The strategi­cal movement rates were used as the grand tactica l movement rates and we therefore were able to avoid the usual conversion problems in going from the map to the tabl e and vice versa. Supply trains were ass igned to maneuver element and allocated in the manner of the ECS ru les. Listed below are just a few of the scenario rul es which were added in an attempt to recreate the fl avor of this historica l campaign: 5

1. The Briti sh LOC was more important than the French LOC. If severed it would tri gger an automatic loss of 1% sick and 1 % stragglers iorthe British, each day.

2. A broken French LOC would produce + 1 % sick an d + 1 % stragglers only if there were already sick and stragglers generated by other factors .

3. There was a 35% chance each day that the British wou ld discover the French headquarters locati ons three days earli er wh il e the French had a 15% chance of finding out the British headquarters five days earli er. This represented information derived from the civilian population .

4.ln o rderto have a secure line of commun ications (LOC) there had to be at least two castings of infantry stationed every 25 miles. The French messengers and daily dispatches, if moving on an unsecured LOC. had a 60% chance of being intercepted by guerrillas each day or portion of a day. If an escort of two castings of cavalry was sent along, the percentage dropped to 5%. The chances for interception on a secure LOC was 10% w ithout an escort and 2% with an escort. (Believe it or not, the British intercepted 3 of these 2% chance dispatches much to the chagrin of the French.)

5. After 6 days of march or activity, without res ting, a day of rest had to be taken. Failure to do so would resu lt in a much heavier attriti on rate. During thi s day o f rest most o f the troops wou ld consume food from the supply trains, thus adding to the logisti cs problems.

6. After Salamanca fe ll , Si lvera, Santocilides, Bonnet, Caffarelli and joseph were eligible to begin moving. Bonnet had a 25% chance each day to begin moving wh ile Caffarelli and j oseph each had a 10% chance to do likewise. Hill wou ld enter at Miravete 10 to 14 days after Salamanca fell with a 20% chance each day.

Since none of our group is philanthropic in nature the cos t of th e cam­paign for maps and copyin g had to be paid by the players. Therefore, we decided that we wou ld "bid " for ou r co mmands. This would serve a two fold purpose. The first was to generate the cash needed to cove r o ur cos t and the second was to tie the player more closely to hi s troops. The form was made up and each person presented a sealed bid w ith the dollar amount that he was prepared to pay for his ro le in the campaign. A minimum bid was es tablished and if, at the conclusion of the ca mpaign, there was any surplus o f funds they would be put back into the kitty for the next campaign. The bids were then opened and the highest bid was awarded the command at $1 .00 more than the next highest bid. We had some out o f town players who opted to take " minor commands" and their bids were handled at the same time, in the same manner.

Sam

ple

file