Sample Expert Student Manual-Expert

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EXPERT

Student Manual

THE iBWAVE

CERTIFICATION

PROGRAM



iBwave Design , iBwave Field , iBwave Plan, iBwave Assure, Propagation, Optimization,

Collection and Modelling Modules are trademarks of iBwave Solutions, Inc. All other

trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. In

recognition of its continued commitment to product improvement, iBwave Solutions,

Inc. reserves the right to change the information contained herein without notice.

MATERIAL USE RESTRICTIONS

The information contained in this document is the property of iBwave Solutions, Inc.Except as specifically authorized in writing by iBwave Solutions, Inc., the holder of this

document shall keep the information contained herein confidential and shall protect

same in whole or in part from disclosure and dissemination to third parties and use

same for evaluation and training purposes only.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any

means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any

information storage or retrieval system, without prior written consent from iBwave

Solutions, Inc.

Should you have any questions or comments regarding this course,please write to us at [email protected]

Printed in CanadaCopyright © 2009 iBwave Solutions Incorporated. All rights reserved

Copyright 2009, iBwave Solutions Inc.

iBwave Solutions Inc.

T +1 514 397 0606

F +1 514 409 2499

7075, Robert-Joncas, Suite 95

St-Laurent, Qc H4M 2Z2 Canada

[email protected]

www.ibwave.com



iBwave Design Expert Level Certification – Revision 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1............................................................. 1

Course Introduction............................................................................................................................... 1

CHAPTER 2.......................................................... 2‐1

Radio Wave Propagation Basics........................................................................................................ 2-1

Electromagnetic Theory Principles.................................................................................................... 2-3The Uniform Plane Wave .................................................................................................................. 2-7Effects of Materials.......................................................................................................................... 2-15

Propagation Mechanisms ................................................................................................................. 2-17

Reflection and Refraction ................................................................................................................ 2-21

Waveguiding .................................................................................................................................... 2-23Scattering ......................................................................................................................................... 2-25

CHAPTER 3.......................................................... 3‐1

Basic Propagation Models ................................................................................................................. 3-1

Path Loss ............................................................................................................................................ 3-7

Free Space Loss (FSL)..................................................................................................................... 3-13

CHAPTER 4.......................................................... 4‐1

In-Building Propagation Models........................................................................................................ 4-1

Empirical and Physical Models.......................................................................................................... 4-3Comparing Models: Measures of Accuracy....................................................................................... 4-7

Keenan & Motley Empirical Model................................................................................................. 4-15

Cost 231 Multi-Wall Empirical Model ............................................................................................ 4-19

In-Building Dominant Path Model .................................................................................................. 4-25Challenging Environments............................................................................................................... 4-31

CHAPTER 5.......................................................... 5‐1

Building Modeling ............................................................................................................................. 5-1




CHAPTER 6.......................................................... 6‐1

Propagation Workshop....................................................................................................................... 6-1

Part 1: Conducting a Propagation Prediction Study Using iBwave Design ...................................... 6-3Color Schemes ................................................................................................................................. 6-15

Prediction Types .............................................................................................................................. 6-19

Compliancy Area ............................................................................................................................. 6-23Areas can be defined using a polygon shape according to the following types: ............................. 6-23

Part 2: Accuracy of the Model Against Measurements ................................................................... 6-41

CHAPTER 7.......................................................... 7‐1

Antenna Characteristics ..................................................................................................................... 7-1Antenna Basics................................................................................................................................... 7-3

Antenna Parameters ........................................................................................................................... 7-7

Radiation Patterns .............................................................................................................................. 7-9Antenna Types Used for In-Building............................................................................................... 7-23In-Building Antennas Cases............................................................................................................. 7-31

Radiating Cables .............................................................................................................................. 7-35

CHAPTER 8.......................................................... 8‐1

In-Building Propagation Measurement Guidelines............................................................................ 8-1

Propagation Measurement Basics ...................................................................................................... 8-3Equipment ........................................................................................................................................ 8-15

Walk Routes Guidelines................................................................................................................... 8-25

Calibration and Validation............................................................................................................... 8-31

CHAPTER 9.......................................................... 9‐1

Collection Module.............................................................................................................................. 9-1

CHAPTER 10...................................................... 10‐1

Tuning and Validation ..................................................................................................................... 10-1

Introduction...................................................................................................................................... 10-3Importing Survey Data..................................................................................................................... 10-5

Measurements for Model Tuning..................................................................................................... 10-7

Identification of Disputable Survey Data....................................................................................... 10-11Walls, Floors, and Model Tuning in iBwave Design..................................................................... 10-21

Propagation Model Validation Example........................................................................................ 10-27

Calibration Model in iBwave Design ............................................................................................ 10-35




CHAPTER 11...................................................... 11‐1

Importing Outdoor Prediction.......................................................................................................... 11-1

CHAPTER 12...................................................... 12

‐1

Optimization Module ....................................................................................................................... 12-1

Creating SNIR – Ec/Nt Map .......................................................................................................... 12-17

CHAPTER 13...................................................... 13‐1

Appendix 1 : Defining Project Requirements .................................................................................. 13-1

Project Requirements ....................................................................................................................... 13-3

RF Technical Requirements............................................................................................................. 13-7Health and Safety Requirements.................................................................................................... 13-15

Physical Requirements................................................................................................................... 13-17

CHAPTER 14...................................................... 14‐1

Appendix 2 : Antenna Characteristics ............................................................................................. 14-1

CHAPTER 15...................................................... 15‐1

Appendix 3 : Planning a Measurement Campaign........................................................................... 15-1

Planning a Measurement Campaign ................................................................................................ 15-1

CHAPTER 16...................................................... 150H

16‐1

75HGlossary ........................................................................................................................................... 151H16-1




Chapter 1

Course Introduction



Course Introduction


1‐1

Welcome

Welcome to the iBwave Design Expert Level Certification Program. Following all the

knowledge acquired in the Professional Level, the Expert Level brings new concepts and

tools for you to enhance your skills in designing an in-building project using iBwave Design.

Let’s examine in detail what outcomes and objectives are expected for the Expert Level.

Certification Roadmap

After completing the Professional Level Certification, you gained the knowledge to create and

design in-building systems using iBwave Design to meet given requirements. Now for the

Expert Level, it is expected that you can develop your knowledge of in-building radio

propagation, and in consequence improve your skills on propagation-related issues to

enhance your in-building design abilities to more complex and critical design projects. In

addition, you will gain expertise in the iBwave Design modules: Collection Module,

Propagation Module, and an overview of the Optimization Module.



Course Introduction


1‐2

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Welcome

“ Engineering is the professional and systematic application of

science to the efficient utilization of natural resources to producewealth.”

T. J. Hoover and J. C. L. Fish, 1941

“ Engineering is the art of doing for 10 shillings what any fool can do

for a pound”

Duke of Wellington Arthur Wellesley

Course Introduction

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Certif ication Roadmap

In the Professional level, we have acquired the know ledgenecessary to create and design in-building systems to meetgiven requirements using iBwave Design

In the Expert level, we aim toDevelop our knowledge of in-building radio propagation

Improve our skills on issues related to propagation

Enhance our in-building d esign abilities using these skills

Gain expertise in the iBwave Design modules

Collection Module

Propagation Module

Optimization Module

Course Introduction

Additional Notes:



Course Introduction


1‐3

In-Building Project Deployment Process

The in-building design process consists of the following 3 phases, with documentation as a

key activity in every phase.

1. Collecting Information

2. Design, Engineering, and Equipment Selection

3. Solution Implementation

While the same generic process is followed for all projects, those which are larger, more

complex or more critical need an enhanced approach which will give greater confidence in the

design result and enable the performance/cost trade-off to be further optimized compared to

the methods in the Professional Level.

In particular, each of the arrows highlights areas where the Expert Level will introduce

techniques which will improve the performance and reliability of the system at a given cost,

focused on increasing the matching of the information used in the design to reality, thereby

reducing the margins / overdesign which have to be introduced to overcome the uncertainties

inherent in the simper versions of the process.

In-Building Stakeholders

Different parts of the deployment process involve liaisons with different stakeholders. It is

important that all buy-in to the process which is being used and that all can share and jointly

work on the same underlying data as the system evolves from requirements through to

implementation. Different reports and views on the data need to be adapted to the different

stakeholders to maximize synergy and efficiency in the process.



Course Introduction


1‐4

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Verification

measurements

In-build ing Project Deployment Process

In Level 2 we work on enhancements to elements of the design process

which will give greater accuracy, precision and reliability, enabling larger,more complex and more critical projects to be tackled with confidence

Propagation

measurements

Building geometry

suitable for predictionPropagation prediction

Propagation modellingDetailed performance

evaluation

Documentation

2

Design, Engineering &

Equipment Selection

1

Collecting

Information

3

Solution

Implementation

Course Introduction

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In‐building stakeholders

In-Building Design and Planning

Designing an in‐building system involves several stakeholders that all have a specific role

from the initial site visit preparation to the final system acceptance tests. The in‐building

system designer produces a design along with documentation that will guide all

contributors.

•Architecture / Vendor Selection

•Cost Optimization

•Preliminary Design

•Design and Budget Validation

•Final Design

Design,

Engineering

and

Equipment

Selection

•Preparation

•Site Visit

•Site Survey

•Data Collection

for Calibration

Solution

Implementation

•Procurement

•Implementation

•Commissioning

•Acceptance &

Sign‐off

Collecting Information

Course Introduction

Additional Notes:



Course Introduction


1‐5

Course Objectives

By the end of this level, you will be able to:

• Acquire basic understanding of propagation modeling issues including propagation

mechanisms and material characteristics

• Understand the characteristics and applicability of the main in-building propagation models

• Appreciate the key characteristics of antennas for in-building designs

• Create building geometries to a standard suitable for propagation prediction using

advanced AutoCAD and floor plan features

• Conduct propagation predictions using the Propagation Module in iBwave Design

• Configure and characterize a measurement system suitable for in-building design

Furthermore, you will be able to:

• Plan and execute an in-building RF measurement campaign suitable for design and model

tuning purposes

• Import and process measurement data using the Collection Module in iBwave Design

• Tune in-building propagation models using measurements to produce designs with higher

accuracy than that available from measurements or models alone.

• Create efficient in-building designs using iBwave Design for projects containing multiple

buildings, irregular morphology, multi-band (but single operator) requirements, 100s to

1000s of occupants, significant interference constraints and specific coverage

requirements.



Course Introduction


1‐6

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Course Objectives

By the end of this level, you will be able to:

Acqui re bas ic unders tand ing of propagation model ing issues inc luding

propagation mechanisms and material characteristics

Understand the characteristics and applicability of the main in-building

propagation models

Appreciate the k ey characteri st ics of antennas fo r in-bui ld ing designs

Create buildi ng geometries to a standard suitable for propagation

prediction using advanced AutoCAD and floor plan features

Conduct propagation predictions using the Propagation and Optimization

Modules in iBw ave Design

Configure and characterize a measurement system sui table for in-

building design

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Course Objectives

Furthermore, you will be able to:

Plan and execute an in-buil ding RF measurement campaign suitable for

design and model tuning purposes

Import and process measurement data using the Collection Module in iBwave

Design

Tune in-building propagation models using measurements to produce

designs wi th higher accuracy than that available from measurements ormodels alone.

Create efficient in-building designs using iBwave Design for projects

containing multiple buil dings, irregular morphology, multi-band (but si ngle

operator) requirements, 100s to 1000s of oc cupants, signi ficant in terference

constraints and specific coverage requirements.

Course Introduction

Additional Notes:



Course Introduction


1‐7

Expert Level Course Agenda

This is the agenda for the three-day Expert Level certification. We will have presentations of

specialized topics, quizzes, workshops, hands-on assessments and written exams. For some

of the topics, there will also be demos and presentations of equipment. Please do not hesitate

to contact your instructor should you have any queries about the overall agenda.

• By the end of Day 1, we should have:

– An understanding of the basic theory behind radio propagation

– Knowledge of the functionality and use of the various in-building path loss

models

– Advanced skills in building modeling in iBwave Design

– Experience in the use of the iBwave Design Propagation Module

• By the end of Day 2, we should have:

– Sufficient theoretical background to conduct in-building propagation

measurements for use in iBwave Design

– Ability for planning a measurement campaign

– Practical skills in the import and use of radio measurements in iBwave Design

using the Collection module

– Understanding of cost-benefit implications in the use of accurate propagation

modeling for in-building design

• At the end of Day 3, we should have:

– A clear understating of how propagation mechanisms and models are

represented in the iBwave Design environment

– The ability to tune the iBwave Design propagation model to our in-building

measurements

– Sufficient practical hands-on skills to perform propagation predictions using

iBwave Design



Course Introduction


1‐8

3 Day Schedule

Refer to the following tables for the schedule of the Expert Level Certification Program.

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Day 1 Schedule

Day 1

A) Int roduct ion 8:30 – 9:00

B) Radio Wave Propagation Basics 9:00 – 9:45

C) Basic Propagation Models 9:45 – 10:30

Break 10:30 – 10:45

D) In-Buildi ng Propagation Models 10:45 – 12:00

Lunch 12:00 – 1:00

E) Building Modeling 1:00 – 2:45

Break 2:45 – 3:00

F) Prediction Panel & Configuration 3:00 – 4:00

G) Propagation Workshop 4:00 – 5:00

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Day 2 Schedule

Day 2

H) Antenna Characteristics 8:30 – 9:30

K) In-Building Propagation Measurement Guidelines 9:30 – 10:30

Break 10:30 – 10:45

L) Data Collection Module and Workshop 10:45 – 12:00

Lunch 12:00 – 1:00

M) Tuning and Validation 1:00 – 2:30

Break 2:30 – 2:45

N) Importing Outdoor Prediction 2:45 – 3:45

O) Introduction to Optimization Module 3:45 – 4:30

Q&A 4:30 – 5:00

Course Introduction



Course Introduction


1‐9

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Day 3 Schedule

Day 3

O) Optimization Module 8:30 – 10:00

Break 10:00 – 10:15

P) Multiple Choice Exam 10:15 – 11:15

Q) Introduction to iBwave Mobile, Unity, and Field 11:15 – 12:00

Lunch 12:00 – 1:00

R) Practical Exam 1:00 – 3:00

Conclusion 3:00 – 3:30

Course Introduction

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References

Many of the diagrams in Level 2 are adapted with permiss ion from:

S.R. Saunders, A. Aragon-Zavala, "Antennas and Propagation for WirelessCommunication Systems - Second Edition" , published by John Wiley, 2007.

Other references:

S. R. Saunders et al. “ Femtocells: Opportunities and Challenges for

Business and Technology” , published by John Wiley, 2009.

Morten Tolstrup, " Indoor Radio Planning: A Practical Guide for GSM, DCS,

UMTS and HSPA ", published by John Wiley, 2008

iBwave Design Version 5.0 User Manual

Course Introduction



iBwave Solutions Inc.

T +1 514 397 0606

F +1 514 409 2499

7075, Robert-Joncas, Suite 95

St-Laurent, Qc H4M 2Z2 Canada

[email protected]

www.ibwave.com

Should you have any questions or comments regarding this course,please write to us at [email protected]

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