SAM Organic Chemistry Amines, Amides
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SUBTOPIC: AMINES Functional group R-NH 2 1) Name of Functional group: Amino 2) Name of family: Amine Uses 1) Morphin 2) Diazepam/Valium 3) Procaine 1
description
This is a note prepared by Madam Che Mahani from South Australian Matriculation, Taylors College, Subang Jaya.
Transcript of SAM Organic Chemistry Amines, Amides
SUBTOPIC: AMINESFunctional group
R-NH2
1) Name of Functional group: Amino2) Name of family: Amine
Uses1) Morphin
2) Diazepam/Valium
3) Procaine
1
4) Lidocaine
2
Nomenclature:1) Locate parent chain containing amino fg2) Give amino the lowest no
Eg:
Diamines
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Classification of aminesPrimary
Secondary
Tertiary
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Physical properties
a. Physical state and melting/boiling pointsi. Very volatile liquids
ii. Has very polar amino groupiii. Primary amines and secondary amines can form hydrogen bonds
with one another.Diagram:
iv. Tertiary amines are more volatile because they can only form DDI among themselves. Hydrogen bonding is not possible between tertiary amines.
Diagram:
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b. Solubility in wateri. Lower amines- Very soluble in water
1) Amine has very polar amino group2) can form strong hydrogen bonds with very polar water
molecules.
Diagram:
ii. Higher amines- Less soluble
1. Amine has polar amino group2. However, non-polar hydrocarbon chain outweighs the polarity of
amino group causing the molecule to be less polar3. Difficult to form strong hydrogen bonds with very polar water
molecules4. Hence, less soluble in water
c. Solubility in non polar organic solventsi. the larger the molecule the more soluble it will be due to extensive/many DF between amine molecules and non-polar organic solvent molecules.
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Chemical properties1) Weak base
b. Amines are organic bases.i. Proton acceptors
ii. Lone pair of electrons on nitrogen atom accept proton (hydrogen ion) from an acid to form alkylammonium ion.
iii. The process is known as protonation
Eg: R-NH2 + H+ R-NH3
+
CH3NH2 + H+ CH3NH3
+
c. Neutralisation reactions
i. CH3COOH + NH2CH3 CH3COONH3CH3
ii. HCl + CH3CH2NH2 CH3CH2NH3Cl
iii. HNO3 + CH3NH2 CH3NH3NO3
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Application in drugs1) Procaine and Lidocaine are anaesthetics
2) They are insoluble in water due to large molar mass3) They need to be injected into blood stream and blood is an aqueous environment4) Administered into blood as amine salts5) In the form of ionic compound, it can dissolve in water due to the formation of
ion-dipole interactions with very polar water molecules.
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SUBTOPIC: AMIDES
Uses:1) Caffeine
2) Urea
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3) Paracetamol
Chemical properties1) Formation of amide
a. Involves 2 stagesi. Acid-base reaction
ii. Condensation reaction
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2) Hydrolysisa. Acidic hydrolysis
b. Alkaline hydrolysis
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