Salvador Dalí - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

7/29/2019 Salvador Dal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Salvador Dal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaSalvador DalFrom Wikipedia, thefree encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search This is a Catalan name. The firstfamily name is Dal and the second is Domnech. Salvador Dal

Salvador Dal photographed by Carl Van Vechten on November 29, 1939 Birth nameSalvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dal i Domnech Born(1904-05-11)May 11, 1904 Figueres, Spain DiedJanuary 23, 1989(1989-01-23) (aged 84) Figueres, Spain SpouseGala Dal (Elena Ivanovna Diakonova) NationalitySpanish FieldPainting, Drawing, Photography, Sculpture, Writing, Film TrainingSan Fernando School of Fine Arts, Madrid MovementCubism, Dada, Surrealism WorksThe Persistence of Memory (1931) Face of Mae West Which May Be Used as an Apartment, (1935) Soft Construction with Boiled Beans (Premonition of Civil War) (1936) Swans Reflecting Elephants (1937) Ballerina in a Death's Head (1939) Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee Around a Pomegranate a Second Before

Awakening (1944) The Temptation of St. Anthony (1946)

Galatea of the Spheres (1952) Crucifixion (Corpus Hypercubus) (1954) InfluencedAlex Ross[1]

Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dal i Domnech, Marquis de Pbol (May 11, 1904 January 23, 1989), known as Salvador Dal (Catalan pronunciation: [sboi]), was a prominent Spanish Catalan surrealist painter born in Figueres,Spain.Dal was a skilled draftsman, best known for the striking and bizarre images inhis surrealist work. His painterly skills are often attributed to the influenceof Renaissance masters.[2][3] His best-known work, The Persistence of Memory,was completed in 1931. Dal's expansive artistic repertoire included film,sculpture, and photography, in collaboration with a range of artists in a

variety of media.Dal attributed his "love of everything that is gilded and excessive, my passionfor luxury and my love of oriental clothes"[4] to a self-styled "Arab lineage",claiming that his ancestors were descended from the Moors.Dal was highly imaginative, and also enjoyed indulging in unusual and grandiosebehavior. His eccentric manner and attention-grabbing public actions sometimesdrew more attention than his artwork, to the dismay of those who held his workin high esteem, and to the irritation of his critics.[5] Contents [hide]

1 Biography1.1 Early life

1.2 Madrid and Paris 1.3 1929 to World War II

1.4 World War II 1.5 Later years in Catalonia 1.6 Final years 2 Symbolism

2.1 Science 3 Endeavors outside painting

3.1 Sculptures and other objects 3.2 Theatre and film 3.3 Fashion and photography 3.4 Architecture


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3.5 Literary works 3.6 Graphic arts 4 Politics and personality 5 Legacy 6 Listing of selected works 7 Dal museums and permanent exhbitions 8 Major temporary exhibitions 9 Gallery 10 See also 11 Notes 12 References 13 External links

[edit] Biography[edit] Early lifeSalvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dal i Domnechwas born on May 11, 1904 at 8:45 am GMT[6] in the town of Figueres, in theEmpord region, close to the French border in Catalonia, Spain.[7] Dal's olderbrother, also named Salvador (born October 12, 1901), had died ofgastroenteritis nine months earlier, on August 1, 1903. His father, SalvadorDal i Cus, was a middle-class lawyer and notary[8] whose strict disciplinaryapproach was tempered by his wife, Felipa Domenech Ferrs, who encouraged herson's artistic endeavors.[9] When he was five, Dal was taken to his brother'sgrave and told by his parents that he was his brother's reincarnation,[10] aconcept which he came to believe.[11] Of his brother, Dal said, "...[we]

resembled each other like two drops of water, but we had differentreflections."[12] He "was probably a first version of myself but conceived toomuch in the absolute."[12] Images of his long-dead brother would reappearembedded in his later works, including Portrait of My Dead Brother (1963).Dal also had a sister, Ana Mara, who was three years younger.[8] In 1949, shepublished a book about her brother, Dal As Seen By His Sister.[13] Hischildhood friends included future FC Barcelona footballers Sagibarba and JosepSamitier. During holidays at the Catalan resort of Cadaqus, the trio playedfootball together.Dal attended drawing school. In 1916, Dal also discovered modern painting on asummer vacation trip to Cadaqus with the family of Ramon Pichot, a local artistwho made regular trips to Paris.[8] The next year, Dal's father organized anexhibition of his charcoal drawings in their family home. He had his first

public exhibition at the Municipal Theater in Figueres in 1919.In February 1921, Dal's mother died of breast cancer. Dal was 16 years old; helater said his mother's death "was the greatest blow I had experienced in mylife. I worshipped her... I could not resign myself to the loss of a being onwhom I counted to make invisible the unavoidable blemishes of my soul."[14]After her death, Dal's father married his deceased wife's sister. Dal did notresent this marriage, because he had a great love and respect for his aunt.[8][edit] Madrid and ParisWild-eyed antics of Dal (left) and fellow surrealist artist Man Ray in Paris onJune 16, 1934.In 1922, Dal moved into the Residencia de Estudiantes (Students'Residence) in Madrid[8] and studied at the Academia de San Fernando (School ofFine Arts). A lean 1.72 m (5 ft. 7 in.) tall,[15] Dal already drew attentionas an eccentric and dandy. He wore long hair and sideburns, coat, stockings, and

knee-breeches in the style of English aesthetes of the late 19th century.At the Residencia, he became close friends with (among others) Pepn Bello, LuisBuuel, and Federico Garca Lorca. The friendship with Lorca had a strongelement of mutual passion,[16] but Dal rejected the poet's sexual advances.[17]However it was his paintings, in which he experimented with Cubism, that earnedhim the most attention from his fellow students. At the time of these earlyworks, Dal probably did not completely understand the Cubist movement. His onlyinformation on Cubist art came from magazine articles and a catalog given to him


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by Pichot, since there were no Cubist artists in Madrid at the time. In 1924,the still-unknown Salvador Dal illustrated a book for the first time. It was apublication of the Catalan poem Les bruixes de Llers ("The Witches of Llers") byhis friend and schoolmate, poet Carles Fages de Climent. Dal also experimentedwith Dada, which influenced his work throughout his life.Dal was expelled from the Academia in 1926, shortly before his final exams whenhe was accused of starting an unrest.[18] His mastery of painting skills wasevidenced by his realistic The Basket of Bread, painted in 1926.[19] That sameyear, he made his first visit to Paris, where he met Pablo Picasso, whom theyoung Dal revered. Picasso had already heard favorable reports about Dal fromJoan Mir. As he developed his own style over the next few years Dal made anumber of works heavily influenced by Picasso and Mir.Some trends in Dal's work that would continue throughout his life were alreadyevident in the 1920s. Dal devoured influences from many styles of art, rangingfrom the most academically classic, to the most cutting-edge avant garde.[20]His classical influences included Raphael, Bronzino, Francisco de Zurbarn,Vermeer, and Velzquez.[21] He used both classical and modernist techniques,sometimes in separate works, and sometimes combined. Exhibitions of his works inBarcelona attracted much attention along with mixtures of praise and puzzleddebate from critics.Dal grew a flamboyant moustache, influenced by 17th-century Spanish masterpainter Diego Velzquez. The moustache became an iconic trademark of his

appearance for the rest of his life.[edit] 1929 to World War IIIn 1929, Dal collaborated with surrealist filmdirector Luis Buuel on the short film Un Chien Andalou (An Andalusian Dog). Hismain contribution was to help Buuel write the script for the film. Dal laterclaimed to have also played a significant role in the filming of the project,but this is not substantiated by contemporary accounts.[22] Also, in August1929, Dal met his lifelong and primary muse, inspiration, and future wifeGala,[23] born Elena Ivanovna Diakonova. She was a Russian immigrant ten yearshis senior, who at that time was married to surrealist poet Paul luard. In thesame year, Dal had important professional exhibitions and officially joined theSurrealist group in the Montparnasse quarter of Paris. His work had already beenheavily influenced by surrealism for two years. The Surrealists hailed what Dal

called his paranoiac-critical method of accessing the subconscious for greaterartistic creativity.[8][9]Meanwhile, Dal's relationship with his father was close to rupture. DonSalvador Dal y Cusi strongly disapproved of his son's romance with Gala, andsaw his connection to the Surrealists as a bad influence on his morals. The laststraw was when Don Salvador read in a Barcelona newspaper that his son hadrecently exhibited in Paris a drawing of the Sacred Heart of Jesus Christ, witha provocative inscription: "Sometimes, I spit for fun on my mother'sportrait".[24]Outraged, Don Salvador demanded that his son recant publicly. Dal refused,perhaps out of fear of expulsion from the Surrealist group, and was violentlythrown out of his paternal home on December 28, 1929. His father told him that

he would be disinherited, and that he should never set foot in Cadaqus again.The following summer, Dal and Gala rented a small fisherman's cabin in a nearbybay at Port Lligat. He bought the place, and over the years enlarged it,gradually building his much beloved villa by the sea. Dal's father wouldeventually relent and come to accept his son's companion.[25]The Persistence of MemoryIn 1931, Dal painted one of his most famous works, ThePersistence of Memory,[26] which introduced a surrealistic image of soft,melting pocket watches. The general interpretation of the work is that the softwatches are a rejection of the assumption that time is rigid or deterministic.


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This idea is supported by other images in the work, such as the wide expandinglandscape, and other limp watches shown being devoured by ants.[27]Dal and Gala, having lived together since 1929, were married in 1934 in asemi-secret civil ceremony. They later remarried in a Catholic ceremony in1958[28]. In addition to inspiring many artworks throughout her life, Gala wouldact as Dal's business manager, supporting their extravagant lifestyle whileadeptly steering clear of insolvency. Gala seemed to tolerate Dal's dallianceswith younger muses, secure in her own position as his primary relationship. Dalicontinued to paint her as they both aged, producing sympathetic and adoringimages of his muse. The "tense, complex and ambiguous relationship" lasting over50 years would later become the subject of an opera Jo, Dal (I, Dal) byCatalan composer Xavier Benguerel.[29]Dal was introduced to America by art dealer Julien Levy in 1934. The exhibitionin New York of Dal's works, including Persistence of Memory, created animmediate sensation. Social Register listees feted him at a specially organized"Dal Ball". He showed up wearing a glass case on his chest, which contained abrassiere.[30] In that year, Dal and Gala also attended a masquerade party inNew York, hosted for them by heiress Caresse Crosby. For their costumes, theydressed as the Lindbergh baby and his kidnapper. The resulting uproar in thepress was so great that Dal apologized. When he returned to Paris, theSurrealists confronted him about his apology for a surrealist act.[31]

While the majority of the Surrealist artists had become increasingly associatedwith leftist politics, Dal maintained an ambiguous position on the subject ofthe proper relationship between politics and art. Leading surrealist AndrBreton accused Dal of defending the "new" and "irrational" in "the Hitlerphenomenon", but Dal quickly rejected this claim, saying, "I am Hitlerianneither in fact nor intention".[32] Dal insisted that surrealism could exist inan apolitical context and refused to explicitly denounce fascism.[citationneeded] Among other factors, this had landed him in trouble with his colleagues.Later in 1934, Dal was subjected to a "trial", in which he was formallyexpelled from the Surrealist group.[23] To this, Dal retorted, "I myself amsurrealism".[18]In 1936, Dal took part in the London International Surrealist Exhibition. His

lecture, titled Fantomes paranoiaques authentiques, was delivered while wearinga deep-sea diving suit and helmet.[33] He had arrived carrying a billiard cueand leading a pair of Russian wolfhounds, and had to have the helmet unscrewedas he gasped for breath. He commented that "I just wanted to show that I was'plunging deeply' into the human mind."[34]Also in 1936, at the premiere screening of Joseph Cornell's film Rose Hobart atJulien Levy's gallery in New York City, Dal became famous for another incident.Levy's program of short surrealist films was timed to take place at the sametime as the first surrealism exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art, featuringDal's work. Dal was in the audience at the screening, but halfway through thefilm, he knocked over the projector in a rage. "My idea for a film is exactlythat, and I was going to propose it to someone who would pay to have it made,"he said. "I never wrote it down or told anyone, but it is as if he had stolen

it". Other versions of Dal's accusation tend to the more poetic: "He stole itfrom my subconscious!" or even "He stole my dreams!"[35]In this period, Dal's main patron in London was the very wealthy Edward James.He had helped Dal emerge into the art world by purchasing many works and bysupporting him financially for two years. They also collaborated on two of themost enduring icons of the Surrealist movement: the Lobster Telephone and theMae West Lips Sofa.[citation needed]In 1938, Dal met Sigmund Freud thanks to Stefan Zweig. Later, in September1938, Salvador Dal was invited by Gabrielle Coco Chanel to her house "La Pausa"in Roquebrune on the French Riviera. There he painted numerous paintings he


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later exhibited at Julien Levy Gallery in New York.[36][37] At the end of the20th century, "La Pausa" was partially replicated at the Dallas Museum of Art towelcome the Reeves collection and part of Chanel's original furniture for thehouse.[38]Also in 1938, Dali unveiled Rainy Taxi, a three-dimensional artwork, consistingof an actual automobile with two mannequin occupants. The piece was firstdisplayed at the Galerie Beaux-Arts in Paris at the Exposition Internationale duSurralisme, organised by Andr Breton and Paul Eluard. The Exposition wasdesigned by artist Marcel Duchamp, who also served as host.[39][40][41]In 1939, Andr Breton coined the derogatory nickname "Avida Dollars", an anagramfor "Salvador Dal", and a phonetic rendering of the French avide dollars,which may be translated as "eager for dollars".[42] This was a derisivereference to the increasing commercialization of Dal's work, and the perceptionthat Dal sought self-aggrandizement through fame and fortune. Some surrealistshenceforth spoke of Dal in the past tense, as if he were dead.[citation needed]The Surrealist movement and various members thereof (such as Ted Joans) wouldcontinue to issue extremely harsh polemics against Dal until the time of hisdeath, and beyond.[edit] World War IIIn 1940, as World War II tore through Europe, Dal and Galaretreated to the United States, where they lived for eight years. After themove, Dal returned to the practice of Catholicism. "During this period, Dalnever stopped writing", wrote Robert and Nicolas Descharnes.[43]

In 1941, Dal drafted a film scenario for Jean Gabin called Moontide. In 1942,he published his autobiography, The Secret Life of Salvador Dal. He wrotecatalogs for his exhibitions, such as that at the Knoedler Gallery in New Yorkin 1943. Therein he attacked some often-used surrealist techniques byproclaiming, "Surrealism will at least have served to give experimental proofthat total sterility and attempts at automatizations have gone too far and haveled to a totalitarian system. ... Today's laziness and the total lack oftechnique have reached their paroxysm in the psychological signification of thecurrent use of the college" (collage). He also wrote a novel, published in 1944,about a fashion salon for automobiles. This resulted in a drawing by Edwin Coxin The Miami Herald, depicting Dal dressing an automobile in an eveninggown.[43]

Also, in The Secret Life Dal suggested that he had split with Luis Buuelbecause the latter was a Communist and an atheist. Buuel was fired (orresigned) from his position at the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA), supposedly afterCardinal Spellman of New York went to see Iris Barry, head of the filmdepartment at MOMA. Buuel then went back to Hollywood where he worked in thedubbing department of Warner Brothers from 1942 to 1946. In his 1982autobiography Mon Dernier soupir (My Last Sigh, 1983), Buuel wrote that, overthe years, he had rejected Dal's attempts at reconciliation.[44]An Italian friar, Gabriele Maria Berardi, claimed to have performed an exorcismon Dal while he was in France in 1947.[45] In 2005, a sculpture of Christ onthe Cross was discovered in the friar's estate. It had been claimed that Dalgave this work to his exorcist out of gratitude,[45] and two Spanish art experts

confirmed that there were adequate stylistic reasons to believe the sculpturewas made by Dal.[45][edit] Later years in CataloniaDal in 1972.From 1949 onwards, Dal spent his remaining years back inCatalonia. In 1959, Andr Breton organized an exhibit called Homage toSurrealism, celebrating the fortieth anniversary of Surrealism, which containedworks by Dal, Joan Mir, Enrique Tbara, and Eugenio Granell. Breton vehementlyfought against the inclusion of Dal's Sistine Madonna in the InternationalSurrealism Exhibition in New York the following year.[46]


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Pbol[58][59] (Marquis of Dal de Pbol) in the nobility of Spain, herebyreferring to Pbol, the place where he lived. The title was in first instancehereditary, but on request of Dal changed for life only in 1983.[58] To showhis gratitude for this, Dal later gave the king a drawing (Head of Europa,which would turn out to be Dal's final drawing) after the king visited him onhis deathbed.Gala died on June 10, 1982, at the age of 87. After Gala's death, Dal lost muchof his will to live. He deliberately dehydrated himself, possibly as a suicideattempt, or perhaps in an attempt to put himself into a state of suspendedanimation as he had read that some microorganisms could do. He moved fromFigueres to the castle in Pbol, which he had bought for Gala and was the siteof her death.In 1984, a fire broke out in his bedroom[60] under unclear circumstances. It waspossibly a suicide attempt by Dal, or possibly simple negligence by hisstaff.[18] In any case, Dal was rescued and returned to Figueres, where a groupof his friends, patrons, and fellow artists saw to it that he was comfortableliving in his Theater-Museum in his final years.There have been allegations that Dal was forced by his guardians to sign blankcanvases that would later, even after his death, be used in forgeries and soldas originals.[61] As a result, art dealers tend to be wary of late worksattributed to Dal.[citation needed]In November 1988, Dal entered the hospital with heart failure; a pacemaker hadalready been implanted previously. On December 5, 1988 he was visited by King

Juan Carlos, who confessed that he had always been a serious devotee ofDal.[62]On January 23, 1989, while his favorite record of Tristan and Isolde played, hedied of heart failure at Figueres at the age of 84. Coming full circle, he isburied in the crypt of his Teatro Museo in Figueres. The location is across thestreet from the church of Sant Pere, where he had his baptism, first communion,and funeral, and is three blocks from the house where he was born.[63]The Gala-Salvador Dal Foundation currently serves as his official estate.[64]The US copyright representative for the Gala-Salvador Dal Foundation is theArtists Rights Society.[65] In 2002, the Society made the news when they askedGoogle to remove a customized version of its logo put up to commemorate Dal,alleging that portions of specific artworks under their protection had been used

without permission. Google complied with the request, but denied that there wasany copyright violation.[citation needed][edit] SymbolismDal employed extensive symbolism in his work. For instance, thehallmark "soft watches" that first appear in The Persistence of Memory suggestEinstein's theory that time is relative and not fixed.[27] The idea for clocksfunctioning symbolically in this way came to Dal when he was staring at a runnypiece of Camembert cheese on a hot August day.[66]The elephant is also a recurring image in Dal's works. It first appeared in his1944 work Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee Around a Pomegranate a SecondBefore Awakening. The elephants, inspired by Gian Lorenzo Bernini's sculpturebase in Rome of an elephant carrying an ancient obelisk,[67] are portrayed "withlong, multijointed, almost invisible legs of desire"[68] along with obelisks on

their backs. Coupled with the image of their brittle legs, these encumbrances,noted for their phallic overtones, create a sense of phantom reality. "Theelephant is a distortion in space", one analysis explains, "its spindly legscontrasting the idea of weightlessness with structure."[68] "I am paintingpictures which make me die for joy, I am creating with an absolute naturalness,without the slightest aesthetic concern, I am making things that inspire me witha profound emotion and I am trying to paint them honestly." Salvador Dal, inDawn Ades, Dal and Surrealism.The egg is another common Dalesque image. He connects the egg to the prenatal


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and intrauterine, thus using it to symbolize hope and love;[69] it appears inThe Great Masturbator and The Metamorphosis of Narcissus. The Metamorphosis ofNarcissus also symbolized death and petrification.Various other animals appear throughout his work as well: ants point to death,decay, and immense sexual desire; the snail is connected to the human head (hesaw a snail on a bicycle outside Freud's house when he first met Sigmund Freud);and locusts are a symbol of waste and fear.[69][edit] ScienceReferences to Dal in the context of science are made in terms ofhis fascination with the paradigm shift that accompanied the birth of quantummechanics in the twentieth century. Inspired by Werner Heisenberg's UncertaintyPrinciple, in 1958 he wrote in his "Anti-Matter Manifesto": "In the Surrealistperiod, I wanted to create the iconography of the interior world and the worldof the marvelous, of my father Freud. Today, the exterior world and that ofphysics has transcended the one of psychology. My father today is Dr.Heisenberg."[70]In this respect, The Disintegration of the Persistence of Memory, which appearedin 1954, in hearkening back to The Persistence of Memory, and in portraying thatpainting in fragmentation and disintegration summarizes Dal's acknowledgment ofthe new science.[70][edit] Endeavors outside paintingDal was a versatile artist. Some of his morepopular works are sculptures and other objects, and he is also noted for his

contributions to theatre, fashion, and photography, among other areas.[edit] Sculptures and other objectsHomage to Newton (1985). Signed and numbered cast no. 5/8. Bronze with darkpatina. Size: 388 x 210 x 133cm. UOB Plaza, Singapore. Dal's homage to IsaacNewton, with an open torso and suspended heart to indicate "open-heartedness,"and an open head indicating "open-mindedness"the two very qualities importantfor science discovery and successful human endeavors.Two of the most popularobjects of the surrealist movement were Lobster Telephone and Mae West LipsSofa, completed by Dal in 1936 and 1937, respectively. Surrealist artist andpatron Edward James commissioned both of these pieces from Dal; James inheriteda large English estate in West Dean, West Sussex when he was five and was one ofthe foremost supporters of the surrealists in the 1930s.[71] "Lobsters and

telephones had strong sexual connotations for [Dal]", according to the displaycaption for the Lobster Telephone at the Tate Gallery, "and he drew a closeanalogy between food and sex."[72] The telephone was functional, and Jamespurchased four of them from Dal to replace the phones in his retreat home. Onenow appears at the Tate Gallery; the second can be found at the German TelephoneMuseum in Frankfurt; the third belongs to the Edward James Foundation; and thefourth is at the National Gallery of Australia.[71]The wood and satin Mae West Lips Sofa was shaped after the lips of actress MaeWest, whom Dal apparently found fascinating.[23] West was previously thesubject of Dal's 1935 painting The Face of Mae West. Mae West Lips Sofacurrently resides at the Brighton and Hove Museum in England.Between 1941 and 1970, Dal created an ensemble of 39 jewels. The jewels are

intricate, and some contain moving parts. The most famous jewel, "The RoyalHeart", is made of gold and is encrusted with 46 rubies, 42 diamonds, and fouremeralds and is created in such a way that the center "beats" much like a realheart. Dal himself commented that "Without an audience, without the presence ofspectators, these jewels would not fulfill the function for which they came intobeing. The viewer, then, is the ultimate artist." (Dal, 1959.) The "Dal Joies" ("The Jewels of Dal") collection can be seen at the Dal Theater Museumin Figueres, Catalonia, Spain, where it is on permanent exhibition.Dal took a stab at industrial design in the 1970s with a 500-piece run of the


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upscale Suomi tableware by Timo Sarpaneva that Dal decorated for the GermanRosenthal porcelain maker's Studio Linie.[73][edit] Theatre and filmIn theatre, Dal constructed the scenery for FedericoGarca Lorca's 1927 romantic play Mariana Pineda.[74] For Bacchanale (1939), aballet based on and set to the music of Richard Wagner's 1845 opera Tannhuser,Dal provided both the set design and the libretto.[75] Bacchanale was followedby set designs for Labyrinth in 1941 and The Three-Cornered Hat in 1949.[76]Dal became intensely interested in film when he was young, going to the theatremost Sundays. He was part of the era where silent films were being viewed anddrawing on the medium of film became popular. He believed there were twodimensions to the theories of film and cinema: "things themselves", the factsthat are presented in the world of the camera; and "photographic imagination",the way the camera shows the picture and how creative or imaginative itlooks.[77] Dal was active in front of and behind the scenes in the film world.He is credited as co-creator of Luis Buuel's surrealist film Un Chien Andalou,a 17-minute French art film co-written with Luis Buuel that is widelyremembered for its graphic opening scene simulating the slashing of a humaneyeball with a razor. This film is what Dal is known for in the independentfilm world. Un Chien Andalou was Dal's way of creating his dreamlike qualitiesin the real world. Images would change and scenes would switch, leading theviewer in a completely different direction from the one they were previouslyviewing. The second film he produced with Buuel was entitled L'Age d'Or, and itwas performed at Studio 28 in Paris in 1930. L'Age d'Or was "banned for yearsafter fascist and anti-Semitic groups staged a stink bomb and ink-throwing riot

in the Paris theater where it was shown".[78]Although negative aspects of society were being thrown into the life of Dalwhich affected the commercial success of his artwork, it did not hold him backfrom expressing his own ideas and beliefs in his art. Both of these films, UnChien Andalou and L'Age d'Or, have had a tremendous impact on the independentsurrealist film movement. "If Un Chien Andalou stands as the supreme record ofSurrealism's adventures into the realm of the unconscious, then L'ge d'Or isperhaps the most trenchant and implacable expression of its revolutionaryintent".[79]Dal worked with other famous filmmakers, such as Alfred Hitchcock. The mostwell-known of his film projects is probably the dream sequence in Hitchcock'sSpellbound, which heavily delves into themes of psychoanalysis. Hitchcock needed

a dreamlike quality to his film, which dealt with the idea that a repressedexperience can directly trigger a neurosis, and he knew that Dal's work wouldhelp create the atmosphere he wanted in his film. He also worked on adocumentary called Chaos and Creation, which has a lot of artistic referencesthrown into it to help one see what Dal's vision of art really is.Dal also worked with Walt Disney on the short film production Destino.Completed in 2003 by Baker Bloodworth and Walt's nephew Roy E. Disney, itcontains dreamlike images of strange figures flying and walking about. It isbased on Mexican songwriter Armando Dominguez' song "Destino". When Disney hiredDal to help produce the film in 1946, they were not prepared for the quantityof work that lay ahead. For eight months, they worked on it continuously, untiltheir efforts had to stop when they realized they were in financial trouble.

However, it was eventually finished 48 years later, and shown in various filmfestivals. The film consists of Dal's artwork interacting with Disney'scharacter animation.Dal completed only one other film in his lifetime, Impressions of UpperMongolia (1975), in which he narrated a story about an expedition in search ofgiant hallucinogenic mushrooms. The imagery was based on microscopic uric acidstains on the brass band of a ballpoint pen on which Dal had been urinating forseveral weeks.[80][edit] Fashion and photographyThe Dali Atomicus, photo by Philippe Halsman (1948), shown before its supporting


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wires were removed from the image.Dal built a repertoire in the fashion andphotography businesses as well. His cooperation with Italian fashion designerElsa Schiaparelli was well-known, when Dal was commissioned to produce a whitedress with a lobster print. Other designs Dal made for her include ashoe-shaped hat, and a pink belt with lips for a buckle. He was also involved increating textile designs and perfume bottles. In 1950, Dal created a special"costume for the year 2045" with Christian Dior.[75]Photographers with whom he collaborated include Man Ray, Brassa, Cecil Beaton,and Philippe Halsman. With Man Ray and Brassa, Dal photographed nature; withthe others, he explored a range of obscure topics, including (with Halsman) theDal Atomica series (1948) inspired by his painting Leda Atomica which inone photograph depicts "a painter's easel, three cats, a bucket of water, andDal himself floating in the air."[75]One of Dal's most unorthodox artistic creations may have been an entirepersona, in addition to his own. At a French nightclub in 1965, Dal met AmandaLear, a fashion model then known as Peki D'Oslo.[81] Lear became his protgeand muse,[81] later writing about their affair in her authorized biography MyLife With Dal (1986).[82] Transfixed by the mannish, larger-than-life Lear,Dal masterminded her successful transition from modeling to the music world,advising her on self-presentation and helping spin mysterious stories about herorigin as she took the disco-art scene by storm. According to Lear, she and Dalwere united in a "spiritual marriage" on a deserted mountaintop.[81] She was

referred to as Dal's "Frankenstein,"[83] and some observers believed Lear'sassumed name was a pun on the French phrase "L'Amant Dal", or "Lover of Dal".Lear took the place of an earlier muse, Ultra Violet (Isabelle Collin Dufresne),who had left Dal's side to join The Factory of Andy Warhol.[84]Both former apprentices would go on to successfully promote their own careers inthe arts. On April 10, 2005 they joined a panel discussion "Reminiscences ofDal: A Conversation with Friends of the Artist" as part of a symposium "TheDal Renaissance" for a major retrospective Dal show at the Philadelphia Museumof Art.[85] Their conversation is recorded in the 236-page exhibition catalog,The Dal Renaissance: New Perspectives on His Life and Art after 1940.[86][edit] Architecture

Dal Theatre and Museum in Figueres, also where Dal is buriedArchitecturalachievements include his Port Lligat house near Cadaqus, as well as his TeatroMuseo in Figueres. A major work outside of Spain was the temporary Dream ofVenus surrealist pavilion at the 1939 New York World's Fair, which containedwithin it a number of unusual sculptures and statues, including live performersposing as statues.[87][edit] Literary worksUnder the encouragement of poet Federico Garca Lorca, Dalattempted an approach to a literary career through the means of the "purenovel". In his literary production, Hidden Faces (1944), Dal describes, invividly visual terms, the intrigues and love affairs of a group of dazzling,eccentric aristocrats who, with their luxurious and extravagant lifestyle,symbolize the decadence of the 1930s. The Comte de Grainsalles and Solange deCladel pursue an awkward love affair, but property transactions, interwar

political turmoil, the French Resistance, his marriage to another woman and herresponsibilities as a landowner and businesswoman drive them apart. It isvariously set in Paris, rural France, Casablanca in North Africa and PalmSprings in the United States. Secondary characters include ageing widow BarbaraRogers, her bisexual daughter Veronica, Veronica's sometime female lover Betkaand Baba, a disfigured US fighter pilot. The novel concludes at the end of theSecond World War, with Solange dying before Grainsalles can return to his formerproperty and reunite with her [88]


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His other, nonfictional literary works include The Secret Life of Salvador Dal(1942), Diary of a Genius (195263), and Oui: The Paranoid-Critical Revolution(192733).[edit] Graphic artsThis section requires expansion.

The artist worked extensively in the graphic arts, producing many etchings andlithographs. While his early work in printmaking is equal in quality to hisimportant paintings, as he grew older he would sell the rights to images but notbe involved in the print production itself. In addition, a large number ofunauthorized fakes were produced in the 1980s and 1990s, thus further confusingthe Dal print market.[edit] Politics and personalityDal in the 1960s wearing the flamboyant mustache style he popularized.Photographed holding his pet ocelot.Salvador Dal's politics played asignificant role in his emergence as an artist. In his youth, he embraced bothanarchism and Communism, though his writings tell anecdotes of making radicalpolitical statements more to shock listeners than from any deep conviction. Thiswas in keeping with Dal's allegiance to the Dada movement.As he grew older his political allegiances changed, especially as the Surrealistmovement went through transformations under the leadership of the Trotskyistwriter Andr Breton, who is said to have called Dal in for questioning on his

politics. In his 1970 book Dal by Dal, Dal declared himself to be both ananarchist and monarchist.With the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War (19361939), Dal fled from thefighting and refused to align himself with any group. He did the same duringWorld War II (19391945), for which he was heavily criticized; George Orwellaccused him of "scuttling off like a rat as soon as France is in danger" afterDal had prospered in France during the pre-war years. "When the European Warapproaches he has one preoccupation only: how to find a place which has goodcookery and from which he can make a quick bolt if danger comes too near",Orwell observed.[89] In a notable 1944 review of Dal's autobiography, Orwellwrote, "One ought to be able to hold in one's head simultaneously the two factsthat Dal is a good draughtsman and a disgusting human being".[89]After his return to Catalonia post World War II, Dal moved closer to the

authoritarian regime of Francisco Franco. Some of Dal's statements weresupportive, congratulating Franco for his actions aimed "at clearing Spain ofdestructive forces".[90] Dal, having returned to the Catholic faith andbecoming increasingly religious as time went on, may have been referring to theRepublican atrocities during the Spanish Civil War.[91][92] Dal sent telegramsto Franco, praising him for signing death warrants for prisoners.[90] He evenmet Franco personally,[93] and painted a portrait of Franco's granddaughter.He also once sent a telegram praising the Conductor, Romanian Communist leaderNicolae Ceauescu, for his adoption of a scepter as part of his regalia. TheRomanian daily newspaper Scnteia published it, without suspecting its mockingaspect. One of Dal's few possible bits of open disobedience was his continuedpraise of Federico Garca Lorca even in the years when Lorca's works werebanned.[17][not in citation given]

Dal, a colorful and imposing presence with his everpresent long cape, walkingstick, haughty expression, and upturned waxed mustache, was famous for havingsaid that "every morning upon awakening, I experience a supreme pleasure: thatof being Salvador Dal".[94] The entertainer Cher and her husband Sonny Bono,when young, came to a party at Dal's expensive residence in New York's PlazaHotel and were startled when Cher sat down on an oddly shaped sexual vibratorleft in an easy chair.[citation needed] In the 1960s, he gave the actress MiaFarrow a dead mouse in a bottle, hand-painted, which her mother, actress MaureenO'Sullivan, demanded be removed from her house.[95]


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When signing autographs for fans, Dal would always keep their pens.[citationneeded] Salvador Dal frequently traveled with his pet ocelot Babou, evenbringing it aboard the luxury ocean liner, SS France.[citation needed]Besides visual puns, Dal shared in the surrealist delight in verbal puns,obscure allusions, and word games. He often spoke in a bizarre combination ofFrench, Spanish, Catalan, and English which was sometimes amusing as well asarcane. His copious writings freely mixed words from different languages withterms entirely of his own devising.[citation needed]When interviewed by Mike Wallace on his 60 Minutes television show, Dal keptreferring to himself in the third person, and told the startled Mr. Wallacematter-of-factly that "Dal is immortal and will not die". During anothertelevision appearance, on The Tonight Show, Dal carried with him a leatherrhinoceros and refused to sit upon anything else.[citation needed] In a late1950s appearance on the panel show What's My Line?, he was a mystery guest, andsigned the chalkboard with thick white paint.[96][edit] LegacySalvador Dal has been cited as major inspiration from many modernartists, such as Damien Hirst, Noel Fielding, Jeff Koons and most other modernsurrealists. Salvador Dal's manic expression and famous moustache have made himsomething of a cultural icon for the bizarre and surreal. He has been portrayedon film by Robert Pattinson in Little Ashes, and Adrien Brody in Midnight inParis. He was also parodied in a series of painting skits on Captain Kangaroo as"Salvador Silly" (played by Cosmo Allegretti) and in a Sesame Street muppet skit

as "Salvador Dada" (an orange gold AM performed by Jim Henson).[edit] Listing of selected worksMain article: List of works by Salvador DalDal produced over 1,500 paintings in his career[97] in addition to producingillustrations for books, lithographs, designs for theatre sets and costumes, agreat number of drawings, dozens of sculptures, and various other projects,including an animated short film for Disney. He also collaborated with directorJack Bond in 1965, creating a movie titled Dal in New York. Below is achronological sample of important and representative work, as well as some noteson what Dal did in particular years.[3]In Carlos Lozano's biography, Sex, Surrealism, Dal, and Me, produced with thecollaboration of Clifford Thurlow, Lozano makes it clear that Dal never stoppedbeing a surrealist. As Dal said of himself: "the only difference between me and

the surrealists is that I am a surrealist."[42] 1910 Landscape Near Figueras 1913 Vilabertin 1916 Fiesta in Figueras (begun 1914) 1917 View of Cadaqus with Shadow of Mount Pani 1918 Crepuscular Old Man (begun 1917) 1919 Port of Cadaqus (Night) (begun 1918) and Self-portrait in the Studio 1920 The Artist's Father at Llane Beach and View of Portdogu (Port Aluger) 1921 The Garden of Llaner (Cadaqus) (begun 1920) and Self-portrait 1922 Cabaret Scene and Night Walking Dreams 1923 Self Portrait with L'Humanite and Cubist Self Portrait with La Publicitat 1924 Still Life (Syphon and Bottle of Rum) (for Garca Lorca) and Portrait ofLuis Buuel

1925 Large Harlequin and Small Bottle of Rum and a series of fine portraits ofhis sister Anna Maria, most notably Figure at a Window

1926 The Basket of Bread and Girl from Figueres 1927 Composition with Three Figures (Neo-Cubist Academy) and Honey is Sweeterthan Blood (his first important surrealist work)

1929 Un Chien Andalou (An Andalusian Dog) film in collaboration with LuisBuuel, The Lugubrious Game, The Great Masturbator, The First Days of Spring,and The Profanation of the Host

1930 L'Age d'Or (The Golden Age) film in collaboration with Luis Buuel


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1931 The Persistence of Memory (his most famous work, featuring the "meltingclocks"), The Old Age of William Tell, and William Tell and Gradiva

1932 The Spectre of Sex Appeal, The Birth of Liquid Desires, AnthropomorphicBread, and Fried Eggs on the Plate without the Plate. The Invisible Man (begun

1929) completed (although not to Dal's own satisfaction)

1933 Retrospective Bust of a Woman (mixed media sculpture collage) andPortrait of Gala With Two Lamb Chops Balanced on Her Shoulder, Gala in theWindow

1934 The Ghost of Vermeer of Delft Which Can Be Used As a Table and A Sense ofSpeed

1935 Archaeological Reminiscence of Millet's Angelus and The Face of Mae West 1936 Autumn Cannibalism, Lobster Telephone, Soft Construction with BoiledBeans (Premonition of Civil War) and two works titled Morphological Echo (thefirst of which began in 1934)

1937 Metamorphosis of Narcissus, Swans Reflecting Elephants, The BurningGiraffe, Sleep, The Enigma of Hitler, Mae West Lips Sofa and Cannibalism inAutumn

1938 The Sublime Moment and Apparition of Face and Fruit Dish on a Beach 1939 Shirley Temple, The Youngest, Most Sacred Monster of the Cinema in HerTime

1940 Slave Market with the Disappearing Bust of Voltaire, The Face of War 1941 Honey is Sweeter than Blood

1943 The Poetry of America and Geopoliticus Child Watching the Birth of theNew Man 1944 Galarina and Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee around a Pomegranate aSecond Before Awakening

194448 Hidden Faces, a novel 1945, Basket of BreadRather Death than Shame and Fountain of Milk FlowingUselessly on Three Shoes; also this year, Dal collaborated with AlfredHitchcock on a dream sequence to the film Spellbound, to mutual

dissatisfaction 1946 The Temptation of St. Anthony 1948 Les Elephants 1949 Leda Atomica and The Madonna of Port Lligat. Dal returned to Cataloniathis year

1951 Christ of Saint John of the Cross and Exploding Raphaelesque Head 1951 Katharine Cornell, a portrait of the famed actress 1952 Galatea of the Spheres 1954 The Disintegration of the Persistence of Memory (begun in 1952),Crucifixion (Corpus Hypercubus) and Young Virgin Auto-Sodomized by the Hornsof Her Own Chastity

1955 The Sacrament of the Last Supper, Lonesome Echo, record album cover forJackie Gleason

1956 Still Life Moving Fast, Rinoceronte vestido con puntillas 1957 Santiago el Grande oil on canvas on permanent display at Beaverbrook ArtGallery in Fredericton, NB, Canada

1958 The Meditative Rose 1959 The Discovery of America by Christopher Columbus

1960 Composicin Numrica (de fond prparatoire inachev)] 1960 Dal began work on the Teatro-Museo Gala Salvador Dal and Portrait ofJuan de Pareja, the Assistant to Velzquez

19631964 They Will All Come from Saba a work in water color depicting theMagi at St. Petersbur's Dali Museum

1965 Dal donates a gouache, ink and pencil drawing of the Crucifixion to theRikers Island jail in New York City. The drawing hung in the inmate diningroom from 1965 to 1981[98]

1965 Dal in New York 1967 Tuna Fishing


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1969 Chupa Chups logo 1969 Improvisation on a Sunday Afternoon, television collaboration with therock group Nirvana

1970 The Hallucinogenic Toreador, acquired in 1969 by A. Reynolds Morse &Eleanor R. Morse before it was completed

1972 La Toile Daligram, Helena Devulina Diakanoff dit., GALA 1973 "Le Diners De Gala", an ornately illustrated cook book 1976 Gala Contemplating the Mediterranean Sea 1977 Dal's Hand Drawing Back the Golden Fleece in the Form of a Cloud to ShowGala Completely Nude, Very Far Away Behind the Sun (stereoscopical pair ofpaintings)

1983 Dal completes his final painting, The Swallow's Tail 2003 Destino, an animated short film originally a collaboration between Daland Walt Disney, is released. Production on Destino began in 1945

The largest collections of Dal's work are at the Dal Theatre and Museum inFigueres, Catalonia, Spain, followed by the Salvador Dal Museum in St.Petersburg, Florida, which contains the collection of A. Reynolds Morse &Eleanor R. Morse. It holds over 1,500 works from Dal. Other particularlysignificant collections include the Reina Sofia Museum in Madrid and theSalvador Dal Gallery in Pacific Palisades, California. Espace Dal inMontmartre, Paris, France, as well as the Dal Universe in London, England,contain a large collection of his drawings and sculptures.The unlikeliest venue for Dal's work was the Rikers Island jail in New YorkCity; a sketch of the Crucifixion he donated to the jail hung in the inmate

dining room for 16 years before it was moved to the prison lobby forsafekeeping. Ironically, the drawing was stolen from that location in March 2003and has not been recovered.[98][edit] Dal museums and permanent exhbitionsDal Theatre and Museum inFigueres, Catalonia

Dal Universe in London, England Salvador Dal Museum in St Petersburg, Florida, USA Espace Dal in Paris, France Dal, a permanent exhibition - in Berlin, Germany[edit] Major temporary exhibitionsThe Dal Renaissance: New Perspectives onHis Life and Art after 1940 (2005) Philadelphia Museum of Art[86]

[edit] GalleryGala in the Window (1933)

Marbella.Rinoceronte vestido con puntillas (1956) Puerto Jos Bans.Plaza de Dal (Dal Square), MadridPerseo (Perseus) Marbella.Children at Dal exhibition in Sakp Sabanc Museum, Istanbul[edit] SeealsoLittle Ashes[edit] Notes^ "Alex Ross Biography". alexrossart.com. Retrieved February 13,2012.

^ "Phelan, Joseph, ',The Salvador Dal Show". Artcyclopedia.com.http://www.artcyclopedia.com/feature-2005-03.html. Retrieved August 22, 2010.^ a b Dal, Salvador. (2000) Dal: 16 Art Stickers, Courier DoverPublications. ISBN 0-486-41074-9.

^ Ian Gibson (1997). The Shameful Life of Salvador Dal. W. W. Norton &Company. http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/g/gibson-dali.html. Gibson foundout that "Dal" (and its many variants) is an extremely common surname in Arab

countries like Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria or Egypt. On the other hand, alsoaccording to Gibson, Dal's mother family, the Domnech of Barcelona, hadJewish roots.

^ Saladyga, Stephen Francis. "The Mindset of Salvador Dal". lamplighter(Niagara University). Vol. 1 No. 3, Summer 2006. Retrieved July 22, 2006.

^ Birth certificate and "Dal Biography". Dal Museum. Dal Museum.http://www.salvadordalimuseum.org/history/biography.html. Retrieved August 24,

2008.^ Dal, The Secret Life of Salvador Dal, 1948, London: Vision Press, p.33


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^ a b c d e f Llongueras, Llus. (2004) Dal, Ediciones B Mexico. ISBN84-666-1343-9.

^ a b Rojas, Carlos. Salvador Dal, Or the Art of Spitting on Your Mother'sPortrait, Penn State Press (1993). ISBN 0-271-00842-3.

^ Salvador Dal. SINA.com. Retrieved on July 31, 2006. ^ Salvador Dal biography on astrodatabank.com. Retrieved September 30, 2006. ^ a b Dal, Secret Life, p.2 ^ "Dal Biography 19041989 Part Two". artelino.com.http://www.artelino.com/articles/dali.asp. Retrieved September 30, 2006.^ Dal, Secret Life, pp.152153

^ As listed in his prison record of 1924, aged 20. However, his hairdresserand biographer, Luis Llongueras, states Dal was 1.74 m (5 ft 8 12 in) tall.

^ For more in-depth information about the Lorca-Dal connection seeLorca-Dal: el amor que no pudo ser and The Shameful Life of Salvador Dal,both by Ian Gibson.

^ a b Bosquet, Alain, Conversations with Dal, 1969. p. 1920. (PDF format)(of Garca Lorca) 'S.D.:He was homosexual, as everyone knows, and madly inlove with me. He tried to screw me twice .... I was extremely annoyed, because

I wasn'thomosexual, and I wasn'tinterested in giving in. Besides, it hurts.So nothing came of it. But I felt awfully flattered vis--vis the prestige.Deep down I felt that he was a great poet and that I owe him a tiny bit of the

Divine Dal's asshole. He eventually bagged a young girl, and she replaced me

in the sacrifice. Failing to get me to put my ass at his disposal, he sworethat the girl's sacrifice was matched by his own: it was the first time he hadever slept with a woman.'

^ a b c Salvador Dal: Olga's Gallery. Retrieved on July 22, 2006. ^ "Paintings Gallery No. 5". Dali-gallery.com.http://www.dali-gallery.com/html/galleries/painting05.htm. Retrieved August22, 2010.^ Hodge, Nicola, and Libby Anson. The AZ of Art: The World's Greatest andMost Popular Artists and Their Works. California: Thunder Bay Press, 1996.Online citation.

^ "Phelan, Joseph". Artcyclopedia.com.http://www.artcyclopedia.com/feature-2005-03.html. Retrieved August 22, 2010.

^ Koller, Michael. Un Chien Andalou. senses of cinema January 2001. Retrievedon July 26, 2006. ^ a b c Shelley, Landry. "Dal Wows Crowd in Philadelphia". Unbound (TheCollege of New Jersey) Spring 2005. Retrieved on July 22, 2006.

^ Gibson, Ian (1997). The Shameful Life of Salvador Dal. London: Faber andFaber. pp. 2389. ISBN 0-571-19380-3.^ "Gala Biography". Dal. Gala-Salvador Dal Foundation.http://www.salvador-dali.org/dali/en_biografia-gala.html. Retrieved 27 May2012.^ Clocking in with Salvador Dal: Salvador Dal's Melting Watches (PDF) fromthe Salvador Dal Museum. Retrieved on August 19, 2006.

^ a b Salvador Dal, La Conqute de l'irrationnel (Paris: ditionssurralistes, 1935), p. 25.

^ Carr d'Art, Jean-Pierre Thiollet, Paris, Anagramme, 2008, p. 212 ^ Amengual, Margalida (17 October 2011). "An opera on the relationship betweenSalvador Dal and Gala arrives at Barcelona'sLiceu". Catalan News Agency(CNA). Intracatalnia, SA.http://www.catalannewsagency.com/news/culture/opera-relationship-between-salva

dor-dal%C3%AD-and-gala-arrives-barcelona's-liceu.Retrieved 27 May 2012.^ Current Biography 1940, pp219220

^ Luis Buuel, My Last Sigh: The Autobiography of Luis Buuel, Vintage 1984.


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ISBN 0-8166-4387-3 ^ Greeley, Robin Adle (2006). Surrealism and the Spanish Civil War, YaleUniversity Press. p. 81. ISBN 0-300-11295-5.

^ Jackaman, Rob. (1989) The Course of English Surrealist Poetry Since the1930s, Edwin Mellen Press. ISBN 0-88946-932-6.

^ Current Biography 1940, p219 ^ "Program Notes by Andy Ditzler (2005) and Deborah Solomon, ',UtopiaParkway:The Life of Joseph Cornell (New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux,2003)". Andel.home.mindspring.com.http://andel.home.mindspring.com/cornell_notes.htm. Retrieved August 22, 2010.

^ Salvador Dal Exhibition, Exhibition Catalogue February 16 through May 15,2005

^ http://philadelphia.about.com/od/salvador_dali/a/salvador_dali_a.htm ^ Bretell, Richard R. (1995). Impressionist paintings, drawings, and sculpturefrom the Wendy and Emery Reeves Collection. Dallas Museum of Art. ISBN978-0-936227-15-3.^ Salvador Dal. Gala-Salvador Dal Foundation. Retrieved 2011-06-07

^ J. Herbert, Paris 1937: Worlds on Exhibition (Ithaca: Cornell UniversityPress, 1998) ISBN 0-8014-3494-7

^ A. Cohen-Solal, Leo and His Circle: The Life of Leo Castelli (New York:Alfred A. Knopf, 2010) ISBN 978-1-4000-4427-6

^ a b Artcyclopedia: Salvador Dal. Retrieved September 4, 2006. ^ a b Descharnes, Robert and Nicolas. Salvador Dal. New York: Konecky &Konecky, 1993. p. 35.

^ Luis Buuel, My Last Sigh: The Autobiography of Luis Buuel (Vintage, 1984)ISBN 0-8166-4387-3

^ a b c Dal's gift to exorcist uncovered Catholic News, October 14, 2005. ^ Lpez, Ignacio Javier. The Old Age of William Tell (A study of Buuel'sTristana). MLN 116 (2001): 295314.

^ The Phantasmagoric UniverseEspace Dal Montmartre. Bonjour Paris.Retrieved on August 22, 2006.

^ Ades, ed. by Dawn (2000). Dal's optical illusions : [Wadsworth AtheneumMuseum of Art, January 21 - March 26, 2000 : Hirshhorn Museum and SculptureGarden, April 19 - June 18, 2000 ; Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art,

July 25 - October 1, 2000]. New Haven CT: Yale Univ. Press. ISBN978-0300081770.^ The History and Development of Holography. Holophile. Retrieved on August22, 2006.

^ Hello, Dal. Carnegie Magazine. Retrieved on August 22, 2006. ^ Elliott H. King in Dawn Ades (ed.), Dal, Bompiani Arte, Milan, 2004, p.456. ^ Ades, ed. by Dawn (2000). Dal's optical illusions : [Wadsworth AtheneumMuseum of Art, January 21 - March 26, 2000 : Hirshhorn Museum and SculptureGarden, April 19 - June 18, 2000 ; Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art,July 25 - October 1, 2000]. New Haven CT: Yale Univ. Press. pp. 17-18. ISBN978-0300081770.^ Salvador Dal Bio, Art on 5th. Retrieved July 22, 2006. Archived May 4, 2006

at the Wayback Machine ^ Salvador Dal at Le Meurice Paris and St Regis in New York Andreas Augustin,ehotelier.com, 2007

^ "Scotsman review of Dirty Dal". The Scotsman. UK.http://living.scotsman.com/index.cfm?id=869862007. Retrieved August 22, 2010.^ The Dali I knew By Brian Sewell, thisislondon.co.uk

^ Ian Gibson (1997). The Shameful Life of Salvador Dal. W. W. Norton &Company.

^ a b Excerpts from the BOE Website Herldica y Genealoga Hispana ^ Dal as "Marqus de Dal de Pbol" Boletn Oficial del Estado, the


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official gazette of the Spanish government ^ "Dal Resting at Castle After Injury in Fire". The New York Times. September1, 1984. Retrieved July 22, 2006.

^ Mark Rogerson (1989). The Dal Scandal: An Investigation. Victor Gollancz.ISBN 0-575-03786-5.^ Etherington -Smith, Meredith The Persistence of Memory: A Biography of Dalp. 411, 1995 Da Capo Press, ISBN 0-306-80662-2

^ Etherington -Smith, Meredith The Persistence of Memory: A Biography of Dalpp. xxiv, 411412, 1995 Da Capo Press, ISBN 0-306-80662-2

^ http://www.salvador-dali.org/en_index.html | The Gala-Salvador DalFoundation website

^ http://arsny.com/requested.html | Most frequently requested artists list ofthe Artists Rights Society

^ Salvador Dal, The Secret Life of Salvador Dal (New York: Dial Press,1942), p. 317.

^ Michael Taylor in Dawn Ades (ed.), Dal (Milan: Bompiani, 2004), p. 342 ^ a b Dal Universe Collection. County Hall Gallery. Retrieved on July 28,2006.

^ a b "Salvador Dal's symbolism". County Hall Gallery. Retrieved on July 28,2006

^ a b Dal: Explorations into the domain of science. The Triangle Online.Retrieved August 8, 2006.

^ a b Lobster telephone. National Gallery of Australia. Retrieved on August 4,

2006. ^ Tate Collection | Lobster Telephone by Salvador Dal. Tate Online. Retrievedon August 4, 2006.

^ [Anon.] (1976). "Faenza-Goldmedaille fr SUOMI". Artis 29: 8. ISSN0004-3842.^ Federico Garca Lorca. Pegsos. Retrieved on August 8, 2006.

^ a b c Dal Rotterdam Museum Boijmans. Paris Contemporary Designs. Retrievedon August 8, 2006.

^ Past Exhibitions. Haggerty Museum of Art. Retrieved August 8, 2006. ^ "Dali & Film" Edt. Gale, Matthew. Salvador Dal Museum Inc. St Petersburg,Florida. 2007.

^ "L'ge d'Or (The Golden Age)" Harvard Film Archive. 2006. April 10, 2008. ^ Short, Robert. "The Age of Gold: Surrealist Cinema, Persistence of Vision"

Vol. 3, 2002. ^ Elliott H. King, Dal, Surrealism and Cinema, Kamera Books 2007, p. 169. ^ a b c Prose, Francine. (2000) The Lives of the Muses: Nine Women and theArtists they Inspired. Harper Perennial. ISBN 0-06-055525-4.

^ Lear, Amanda. (1986) My Life with Dal. Beaufort Books. ISBN 0-8253-0373-7. ^ Lozano, Carlos. (2000) Sex, Surrealism, Dal, and Me. Razor Books Ltd. ISBN0-9538205-0-5.

^ Etherington-Smith, Meredith. (1995) The Persistence of Memory: A Biographyof Dal. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-80662-2.

^ "(Symposium announcement)". The Dal Renaissance: An internationalsymposium. Philadelphia Museum of Art. April 1011, 2005.http://www.philamuseum.org/micro_sites/exhibitions/dali/downloads/symposium.pd

f.

Retrieved 24 May 2012.^ a b Taylor, edited by Michael R. (2008). The Dal renaissance : newperspectives on his life and art after 1940 : an international symposium. NewHaven, Conn.: Philadelphia Museum of Art, distributed by Yale UniversityPress. ISBN 9780300136470.http://www.philamuseum.org/publications/377-1-31012.html.^ Schaffner, Ingrid, Photogr. by Eric Schaal (2002). Salvador Dal's "Dream ofVenus" : the surrealist funhouse from the 1939 World's Fair (1. ed.). NewYork, NY: Princeton Architectural Press. ISBN 978-1568983592.^ Salvador Dali: Hidden faces: London: Owen: 1973


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^ a b Orwell, George "Benefit of Clergy: Some Notes on Salvador Dal".theorwellprize.co.uk. Retrieved February 24, 2012.

^ a b Navarro, Vicente, PhD "The Jackboot of Dada: Salvador Dal, Fascist".Counterpunch. December 6, 2003. Retrieved July 22, 2006.

^ "Payne, Stanley G. THE A History of Spain and Portugal, Vol. 2, Ch. 26, p.648651 (Print Edition: University of Wisconsin Press, 1973) (LIBRARY OFIBERIAN RESOURCES ONLINE Accessed May 15, 2007)". Libro.uca.edu.http://libro.uca.edu/payne2/payne26.htm. Retrieved August 22, 2010.^ De la Cueva, Julio, "Religious Persecution, Anticlerical Tradition andRevolution: On Atrocities against the Clergy during the Spanish Civil War",Journal of Contemporary History, Vol XXXIII 3, 1998.

^ Salvador Dal pictured with Francisco Franco[dead link] ^ The Surreal World of Salvador Dal. Smithsonian Magazine. 2005. RetrievedAugust 31, 2006.

^ Dali and Mia Farrow a Surreal Fiendship ^ Dali on Whats my Line ^ "The Salvador Dal Online Exhibit". MicroVision.http://www.daliweb.tampa.fl.us/collection.htm. Retrieved June 13, 2006.^ a b "Dal picture sprung from jail". BBC. March 2, 2003.http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/2812683.stm.

[edit] ReferencesLinde Sabler. "Dal". London: Haus Publishing, 2004(paperback, ISBN 978-1-904341-75-8).

Salvador Dali interviewed by Mike Wallace on The Mike Wallace Interview April19, 1985

[edit] External linksWikimedia Commons has media related to: Salvador Dal Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Salvador Dal

Biographies and news Dal's surreal wind-powered organ lacks only a rhinoceros UbuWeb: Salvador DalInterview and bank advertisement. Salvador Dal in the INA Archives A collection of interviews and footage ofDal in the French television

Other links Literary news about Salvador Dal in Lletra, Catalan literature online at theOpen University of Catalonia.

The Image Library of prints by Salvador Dali Robert Whitaker, Photographer, took many great images of Dali

Salvador Dal at the Museum of Modern Art Article on Dal's religious faith The Salvador Dal photo library 60.000 photos Article on Dal's opera poem tre Dieu: opra-pome, audiovisuel et cathare ensix parties (Being God: a Cathar Audiovisual Opera-Poem in Six Parts)

Watch Un Chien Andalou at LikeTelevision Gala-Salvador Dal Foundation English language site St. Petersburg Dal Museum Kurutz, Steven, "Hello, Dali: Surrealist Museum Becomes a Reality", The WallStreet Journal Speakeasy blog, January 11, 2011, 4:46 pm ET. Interview withSt. Petersburg (FL) museum director Dr. Hank Hine about new building.

"The shameful life of Salvador Dal" (the witches of Llers)". Dal and Fages: "that intelligent and most cordial of collaborations"

"El Triomf I el Rodoli de la Gala I en Dali" "Not by Dali -- blog post by art appraiser and Dali expert Bernard Ewell" Exhibitions Espace DalThe unique permanent exhibition in France (Museum & Dal Fine ArtGalleries)

Dal & Film Tate Modern, London Museum-Gallery Xpo: Salvador Dal, Marquis de Pbol in Bruges Museum of Modern Art Union List of Artist Names, Getty Vocabularies. ULAN Full Record Display forSalvador Dal. Getty Vocabulary Program, Getty Research Institute. Los


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Angeles, California. Authority control: LCCN: n79021554 | VIAF: 64004109 | WorldCat [show]vteSalvador Dal

List of works

Selected paintingsLandscape Near Figueras (1910) Vilabertran (1913)

Fiesta in Figueres (191416) Port of Cadaqus (Night) (191819) The Artist's Father at Llane Beach (1920) The Garden of Llaner(Cadaqus) (192021) Cabaret Scene (1922) Cubist Self-Portraitwith "La Publicitat" (1923) Self-portrait with L'Humanitie (1923) Portrait of Luis Buuel (1924) Siphon and Small Bottle of Rum(1924) The Basket of Bread (1926) Honey Is Sweeter Than Blood(1927) The Lugubrious Game (1929) The First Days of Spring(1929) The Great Masturbator (1929) The Persistence of Memory(1931) The Ghost of Vermeer of Delft Which Can Be Used As a Table(1934) Morphological Echo (193436) Archaeological Reminiscenceof Millet's Angelus (1935) Autumn Cannibalism (1936) SoftConstruction with Boiled Beans (Premonition of Civil War) (1936) The Burning Giraffe (1937) Metamorphosis of Narcissus (1937) Swans Reflecting Elephants (1937) Apparition of Face and FruitDish on a Beach (1938) The Sublime Moment (1938) Shirley Temple,The Youngest, Most Sacred Monster of the Cinema in Her Time (1939)

The Face of War (1940) Slave Market with the Disappearing Bust ofVoltaire (1940) Honey is Sweeter than Blood (1941) GeopoliticusChild Watching the Birth of the New Man (1943) Dream Caused by theFlight of a Bee Around a Pomegranate a Second Before Awakening(1944) Galarina (194445) Basket of Bread (1945) TheTemptation of St. Anthony (1946) The Elephants (1948) LedaAtomica (1949) The Madonna of Port Lligat (1949) Christ of SaintJohn of the Cross (1951) Galatea of the Spheres (1952) TheDisintegration of the Persistence of Memory (195254) Crucifixion(Corpus Hypercubus) (1954) Young Virgin Auto-Sodomized by theHorns of Her Own Chastity (1954) The Sacrament of the Last Supper(1955) Living Still Life (1956) The Discovery of America byChristopher Columbus (195859) The Ecumenical Council (195960)

Galacidalacidesoxyribonucleicacid (1963) Tuna Fishing (196667) The Hallucinogenic Toreador (196870) La Toile Daligram (1972) The Swallow's Tail (1983)

Other artworksLobster Telephone (1936) Mae West Lips Sofa (1937) Rainy Taxi (1938)

WritingsUn Chien Andalou (1929, co-author) L'Age d'Or (1930,co-author) Giraffes on Horseback Salad (1937) Libretto forBacchanale (1939) The Secret Life of Salvador Dal (1942,autobiography)

FilmsUn Chien Andalou (1929) L'Age d'Or (1930) Spellbound (1945,

dream sequence) Impressions of Upper Mongolia (1975, narration)

Animated filmsDestino (1946, completed 2003)

LogosChupa Chups

Operatre Dieu (1985)

Costumescostumes for Garca Lorca's play Mariana Pineda (1927)


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NovelsHidden Faces (1944)

Related articlesCastle of Pbol Dal Universe Espace Dal DalTheatre and Museum Salvador Dal Museum Salvador Dal (film) Little Ashes Gala Dal Paranoiac-critical method

Persondata NameDal, Salvador Alternative namesDal, Salvador Felip Jacint, Domnech; Dal, Salvador

Felipe Jacinto, Domnech Short description20th century Catalan surrealist artist Date of birthMay 11, 1904 Place of birthFigueres, Catalonia, Spain Date of deathJanuary 23, 1989 Place of deathFigueres, Catalonia, Spain

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