SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS

ANNOUNCINGthe new second edition or

Salle's

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OFBACTERIOLOGY

By A. J. SALLEAssociate Professor of Bacteriology, University of California at Los Angeles

625 pages, 6x9, fully illustrated. $4.00IDELY adopted in colleges and universities, the first edition of this standard text was gener-ally regarded as one of the best available. Teachers like particularly the emphasis on chem-

istry, the thorough explanations of phenomena, the sound morphological and physiological material,and the wealth of excellent illustrations.

The new second edition is really a new book: all material has been completely revised and re-written to present the latest findings.New materials have been added; including:- a complete discussion of the theory of the micro-

scope, including the electron microscope;- the newer concepts of the mechanism of staining;- a new chapter on sterilization, covering the destruc-

tion of organisms by dry and moist heat, and theirremoval from solutions by filtration through varioustypes of filters and ultrafilters. The electricalcharge of filters and its importance in filtration isalso discussed;

- new sections of hybridization of yeasts, and on lab-oratory technique;

- new discussion of laboratory technique with respectto the molds, and new sections on their biochemistry;

- a new section on the methods employed for the pres-ervation of bacteria;

- new sections on the effectiveness of soaps and theircomparison with other germicides; photodynamicsensitization; the phenol coefficient and the limita-tions of the method; the latest methods employedfor the evaluation of germicides intended for clinicaladministration;

- new sections on the chemical nature of enzymes;- completely revised and enlarged sections on the

growth factors or vitamins required by bacteria;the growth phases in a culture; and the nutritionalrequirements of bacteria.

LABORATORY MANUAL ON FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF BACTERIOLOGYNew second edition. 184 pages, 6x9, illustrated. $1.50

This manual is composed largely of the laboratory material which was incorporated in the firstedition of Fundamental Principles of Bacteriology. The experiments are based on important fun-damental principles and facts of bacteriology which a student should acquire before proceeding tomore advanced work in the field. Every exercise has been completely revised and rewritten andpresents the latest procedures or materials.

Send for copies on approval

330 West 42nd Street, New York, N. Y.McGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY, INC.

JANUARY 8, 1943 7

Aldwych House, London, W.C.2

SCIENCE-SUPPLEMENT

SCIENCE NEWSScience Service, Washington, D. C.

SCIENCE IN 1942

PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY

(dontinued from p. 10, January 1)Rats so sensitive to noise that they would be thrown

into fits by a shrill sound were made immune for daysto such sounds by a two-week treatment in which thefit-producing noises were preceded by harmless sounds.A muscle of the ear, the stapedius muscle, was found

to serve as an automatic damping agent to protect theinner ear against excessive noise-perhaps partly explain-ing why loud noise temporarily deafens.

Airsickness and other types of motion sickness, althoughoriginally due to action of the balancing mechanism inthe inner ear, is often the result of conditioning to othersights, smells and motions, and if so can often be pre-vented and cured by psychological means.Some cases of weakness in distinguishing colors can be

relieved by doses of vitamin A.Individuals who have recently received doses of the sulfa

drugs may make wrong decisions because of mental con-fusion that sometimes persists after this treatment.The bizarre craving to eat dirt may be caused by diet

deficiency rather than mental illness is shown in a surveyof the diet of school children.Radio in the farm districts increases the contentment

of those who are well-adjusted to farm life, and increasesdiscontent among the ill-adjusted.

Hallucinations can be produced in normal individualsby the simple form of learning known as conditioning.

The traumatic neurosis of this war, seemingly more se-vere than the "shell shock" of last time, is expected totake more physical forms such as peptic ulcers and heartcomplaints, with less functional paralysis; effective treat-ment combines hypnosis or hypnotic drugs with psycho-analytic methods.

Evidence that the way insulin shock treatment aidsthe metally ill is by making them forget recently acquiredabnormal ideas and behavior was furnished by experi-ments in which newly acquired learning was forgottenafter insulin treatment while older, more thoroughlydrilled habits were retained. Similar results were ob-tained in human schizophrenic patients treated withmetrazol shocks.

Sub-shock doses of electric current through the brainwere found to shorten the duration of delirium tremensfollowing prolonged alcoholism.Pneumoencephalography, invaluable in the location of

intracranial tumors, was proved to be prognostically mis-leading in cases of so-called cerebral atrophy; in spiteof x-ray evidence of atrophy, behavior development wasfound to proceed normally.

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Puffed up sand, known as silica aerogel, was introducedas a heat insulator twice as effective as any other sub-stance.

Glass that floats in water and replaces cork, balsa, cellu-lar rubber or kapok in life preservers and life rafts, wasmade by foaming glass with carbon additions duringmanufacture.A continuous fermentation process was developed to

convert molasses into alcohol in three to five hours.A method of heat treating iron or steel in inert atmos-

phere or vacuum furnace was demonstrated to remove orprevent scale formation.

Plastic coatings were used to replace tin upon cans formany uses, including food packing.

Non-metallic containers of various sorts were intro-duced to replace tin cans in many industrial uses.A new electroplating process saved half the tin that

goes into a tin can and saved electric power and half thetime of plating.Steam acidified with gluconic acid was used to clean

milk cans more quickly.Induction heating furnaces, operated by electron tubes,

were used to coat and flow tin on iron sheet in tin platingprocess.A new plastic that can be kneaded and thrust into leaks

in life boats was put into use.Foods, such as lard, were made to refrigerate perishable

goods on overseas journeys by being chilled to sub-zerotemperatures and placed about the foodstuffs to be keptchilled.

Soldier 's V-mail was transported overseas as microfilmand photographically enlarged for delivery.

Heavily coking bituminous coals were successfull1rburned in household furnaces by use of improved under-fed stokers.

Synthetic glass jewels were made in America for pivotbearings of small instruments.

Iron was substituted for printing plates of nickel andcopper in experiments.

Chemically toughened wool, resistant to moths and soap,was developed.A new inflatable rubber pontoon was substituted for the

standard aluminum boat for temporary bridges formerlyused by the Army, saving rubber by reducing the trucktransport needed.A "pancake" Diesel engine for Navy subchasers was

announced as in production.A wire "umbrella'-' was developed to protect ex-

plosives plants and oil storage from lightning.Cellulose acetate now completely replaces silk as an

insulation for telephone wires with considerable improve-ment.

Transoceanic telephone cables now seem to be prac-ticable due to the invention of a telephone repeater whichcan be built into the cable structure itself.Method of wiping lead joints on telephone cables was

brought into use, which saves about 60 per cent. of theusual requirements of tin.A method of producing x-ray photographs that show

three dimensions on a single film was demonstrated.

8 VOL. 97, NO. 2506

JAUR 8, 193SIN EA V RIE E T

Vitamins for Laboratory Use

I-ASCORBIC ACID NICOTINIC ACID2 grams, 10 grams 5 grams, 50 grams

CALCIUM 0-PANTOTHENATE NICOTINIC ACID AMIDE1 gram, 5 grams 4 grams, 10 grams

PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDECHOLINE CHLORIDE 1 gram10 grams, 100 D-RIBOFLAVIN

2-METHYL- 1 gram1, 4-NAPHTHOQUINONE THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE

1 igam5 grams

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LaMotte Soil Testing ApparatusLaMotte service includes a full series of portable outfits

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vided with the use of a single thermometer.Because heat is transmitted by interior radi-ation rather than by convection, variationthroughout the chamber is minimized.Any heat lost by opening of the door is

quickly compensated for by the large heat re-serve provided by twenty-two gallons of ac-curately controlled warm water.The Model No. 554, illustrated, is recom-

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I

JANUARY 82, 1943 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS 9

I-

SCIENCE-SUPPLEMENT

Merchant shipbuilding facilities were expanded to thepoint where there are more than 60 yards, with 300 waysand nearly 2,000,000 workers, producing 8,000,000 tonsof shipping in 1942.

Cargo ships of 10,500 tons were completed from keellaying to launching in 41 days and from launching todelivery in eight days.

Side-launching of ships was used extensively in warshipbuilding program.

AERONAUTICS

Solution of certain research problems-development ofnew low-drag wing sections, improvement of flaps, im-provement of cooling systems, improved engines and newpropeller designs-made it possible for America to buildplanes to fly faster than 400 miles per hour.

Cylinder heads made by forging in a die, with fins cuton the exterior by a high-speed milling machine, made pos-sible reduction in weight of airplane engines to less thanone pound per horsepower.A portable catapult was developed for land launching

of airplanes.Modification of battle-tested airplanes made possible

the development of a new technique of air warfare-lowflight at high speed for horizontal bombing, and use ofthe plane as a fighter when bombs have been dropped.

Inboard bomb racks for wide-hulled flying boats, withguides to "steer'; bombs over the side and start themaccurately downward, were invented.

Auxiliary turbo-driven propellers for getting rocketplanes up through the denser lower atmosphere were in-vented; they are powered by the rocket blast, and are tobe jettisoned once the plant has reached the stratosphere.New multi-engined transition training planes for in-

struction of flight crews were developed and put in use.Pre-flight aviation training was introduced as a regular

part of the curriculum in elementary and secondaryschools.A new telescopic sight for rear gunners made possible

wider are of fire and better streamlining of the fuselage.Apparatus for automatic control of the pressure within

a sealed airplane cabin by blowing off to outside air whenpressure is high and turning on a supercharger when itfalls, was invented.A cooling meter for aircraft engine cooling, and meters

for measuring the visibility of exhaust gases from air-plane engines were developed.A de-icer for airplane propellers that provides for the

forcing of anti-freeze chemical through a series of holeswhen the propeller is rotated, was patented.A device was developed that warns the pilot of ap-

proaching stall conditions by means of a tube which trans-mits pressure changes from the trailing edge of the wingto a diaphragm within the wing connected with an electricinstrument.

Caterpillar-type treads for airplane landing gear wereinvented.A new ordnance mount for machine guns, combined

with gunner's seat mounted on a circular track, was de-veloped for enabling the gunner to swing himself and his

weapon around to fire at any angle and if necessary topilot the plane.

MEDICAL SCIENCES

Lowest death rate in the history of the United Statesdeath registration area and an all-time record low in small-pox cases, recorded in 1941, were reported, after an in-terval for collection of figures, in 1942.For the first time in medical history, disease-fighting

substances in the blood known as antibodies were formedartificially in laboratory flasks, confirming the theory ofmolecular changes in immunization.

First direct evidence of human need for certain aminoacids in protein foods was discovered in diet studies withhuman volunteers which showed that arginine is requiredfor spermatogenesis, lysine plays a role in the female re-productive cycle, and tryptophane is also essential, lackof it leading in rats and possibly also in humans to bald-ness and sex gland atrophy in males and to teeth defectsand cataracts in young, growing animals.

First, and strikingly successful, use of the MoorheadForeign-Body Finder, which uses a radio frequency cir-cuit with movable coil and steel finger to detect shellfragments and the like in war wounds within a few min-utes instead of hours as by X-ray and probe, was reportedfrom Pearl Harbor.

Efficient U. S. Army system of evacuating the woundedunder fire, sulfanilamide and blood plasma banks scoreda notable triumph in saving lives at the Pearl Harborraid, where almost 100 per cent. of abdominal woundshealed without infection, less than 4 per cent. of com-pound fractures and flesh injuries became infected.

Propylene glycol vapor was found to be a safe, effec-tive substance for destroying influenza virus and othergerms in the air in laboratory experiments and was cred-ited with reducing significantly respiratory infectionsamong 16 children in the ward of an institution where itwas tried.

Experimental use of a 10-hour combined chemical andfever treatment of syphilis and, on a wider scale, of sixto ten-week intensive chemical treatments were announced.

Discovery that ants are capable of spreading dysenterywas announced.

Discovery of chemicals, probably enzymes, in the bodiesof young mice which destroy the drug-resistant waxyparts of the tuberculosis germ were announced with somehope of development of an enzyme preparation that mightbe used in the treatment of tuberculosis.Hope for a chemical conquest of tuberculosis was en-

couraged by announcement of successful results in treat-ment of patients with a relatively new drug, Promin, andby announcement of even greater success in treatment oftuberculous animals with a related chemical, di-amino-di-phenyl sulfone.

Reduction of venereal disease in the Army to a rate of38.2 per 1,000 for the first six months of 1942, with a

syphilis rate the lowest in Army history, was accom-plished following establishment in the Surgeon General'soffice of a division of venereal disease control with officersassigned to each large Army camp and each of the largertactical units.

(To be concluded)

10 VoL. 97, No. 2506.

JANUARY 8, 1943SCIENCE-ADVERTISE M ENTS 11~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

THE JAQUESLancasteM

- - - - - - - - -- - - -_Edited by

F. C. KOCH IFrank P. Hixon Distinguished Service Prof. of Physiological Chemistry.

Chairman Dept. of Bio-Chemistry, University of Chicago.

andPHILIP E. SMITH I

Professor ofAnatomy, College of Physicians and Surgeons,Columbia University

CONTENTS-(1) SEX HORMONES. ITHEIR ACTIONS AND METABOLISM.Foreword, Frank R. Lillie. The comparativebiology of testicular and ovarian hormones,Carl R. Moore. The comparative metabolic in-fluences of the testicular and ovarian hor-mones, A. T. Kenyon. The metabolism ofestrogens, Edw. A. Doisy. The excretion and i

i metabolism of male sex hormones in health anddisease, F. C. Koch. (2) HORMONAL FAC-TORS IN THE INVERSION OF SEX. Sexinversion in the plumage of birds, C. H. Dan-forth. Sex inversion in the amphibia, R. R. IHumphrey. Hormonal factors in sex inver-sion: the effects of sex hormones on embryonicsexual structures of the rat, R. R. Greene.Hormones and experimental modification ofsex in the opossum, R. K. Burns, Jr.

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JANUARY 8, 1943 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS 11

.. . . ~. . .. .. .. ~ 4

SCIENCE-ADVERTISEM,1EXTS \k OL. 97, No. 25uG

Citli

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SCIENCE- ADVERTISEMENTS

Biological-Stains

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14 SCIENCE-4DVERTISEMENTS VoL. 97, No.2506~~~~~~~~~~-

*HEALTH - to defeat the AxisThe Army and Navy medical staffs

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14 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS Vor.. 97, No. 2506