SAILING

RAMON PAGÀ, MARC SANSALONI, ALEIX VENTURA , JÚLIA ALEGRE I ALBERT MONTESÓ.

Here are the SIX BASIC KNOTS that every sailor should know how to

tie:

● Overhand or thumb knot:

● Square knot:

● Overhand or thumb knot, is the simplest knot. It is used to stop the end of a rope from running through a block or up the mast.

● The square knot is the best known sailors' knot. It is really just two overhand knots. It is useful for joining small ropes together, tying sail covers, reefing, lashing, and for tying in battens.

Other knots:

● Figure eight: ● A figure eight knot is very quick and easy to tie. It is used like the overhand knot, as a stopper knot in the end of a line, or sheet, to prevent ropes from escaping.To tie a figure-8, start with an underhand loop by crossing the running end behind the standing part.

● Form a small loop leaving enough rope for the desired loop size.

● Form a loop in the working end of the rope. Place it over the post.

● Bowline:

Clove hitch:

Types of Sailboats:

The Modern Sloop: The most common type of small to midsize sailboat is the sloop. The rig is one mast and two sails. The main sail is tall and triangular.

Racing Sloop:

Here’s another example of a sloop with a Bermuda rig. This is the sailboat Puma in the 2009. The sails are much bigger than found on sailboats, but the general rig is the same.

Fractional Sloop Rig:

Here’s a small boat. This is still a Bermuda rig, but the main sail is proportionally larger and the rig smaller, for ease of handling and maximum power.

Cat Rig:

This Sailboat has got only one sail, while a sloop always has two sails. Note that the mast is positioned very far forward, almost at the bow, making room for a very long-footed mainsail.

Cat-Rigged Racing Dinghy:

Here’s another cat rig, which works well on small racing dinghies like this Laser. With a small boat and one sailor, a cat rig has the advantages of being simple to trim and very maneuverable when racing.

Yawl:

A yawl is very similar to a ketch. The mizzenmast is usually smaller and set farther aft, behind the rudder post, while in a ketch the mizzenmast is forward of the rudder post.

Schooner:

A typical schooner also has two masts, but the masts are positioned more forward in the boat. Unlike in a ketch or yawl, the forward mast is smaller than the aft mast.

Parts of Boat

• MAST(màstil): Is the basic post that holds the big sail.

• FLOC (floc): It’s the smallest sail and is situated in front of boat.

• STARBOARD (estribor): It’s right part of the boat.

• TIMO (timó):It’s the essential part that controls the direction of the boat.

• PORT (babor): It’s the left part of the boat.

• BOW (proa): It’s the front of the boat.

• AFT (popa): It’s the behind part of the boat.

• FIN (aleta): It’s the corner which is behind of casc.

• SCOTUS (escota): Controls the opening of the big sail and floc.

PARTS OF THE SAIL

• MAJOR (major): It’s the biggest sail and is situated behind the floc.● ESPINNAKER(espinn

aker): It’s a very potent sail which is used in the biggest boats.

• DRISS (puny de drisa): It’s the point that finishes the big sail.

• BALUMA (baluma): It’s the exterior part of the sail where the wind exits.

• GRÀTIL (gràtil): It’s the interior part of the sail where the wind enters.