SafetySymbols

A Corrosive material is one which causes damage to skin, eyes or other parts on the body on contact. The technical

definition is written in terms of

"... destruction, or irreversible damage to living tissue at the site of contact".

Reactive material could react when exposed to air and/or water, or when the material is disturbed, heated, or illuminated

Lab Equipment

Beaker

Beakers hold solids or liquids that will not release gases when reacted or are unlikely to splatter if stirred or heated.

Beaker Tongs

Beaker tongs are used to move beakers containing hot liquids

Erlenmeyer Flask

Erlenmeyer flasks hold solids or liquids that may release gases during a reaction or that are likely to splatter if stirred or heated.

Florence Flask

Rarely used in first year chemistry, it is used for the mixing of chemicals. Narrow neck prevents splash exposure.

Graduated Cylinder

A graduated cylinder is used to measure volumes of liquids.

Triple Beam Balance

A balance is used to measure the mass

of solid substances.

Test Tubes13 x 100 mm test tubes

10 x 75 mm test tubes

Ignitiontube

Test Tube Holder

A test tube holder is useful for holding a test tube which is too hot to handle.

Test Tube BrushesTest tube brushes are used to clean test tubes and graduated cylinders.

Forcing a large brush into a small test tube will often break the tube.

Test Tube Racks

Test tube racks are for holding and organizing test tubes on the laboratory counter. After washing flip test tube over on wooden peg to dry.

Rubber Stoppers

Rubber stoppers are used to close containers to avoid spillage or contamination.

Containers should never be heated when there is a stopper in place.

Spot Plates

Spot plates are used when we want to perform many small scale reactions at one time.

Glass Stir Rod

A glass rod is used to manually stir solutions. It can also be used to transfer a single drop of a solution.

Scoopula

A scoopula is used to transfer solid materials.

Forceps

Forceps (or tweezers) are used to pick up small objects.

Funnel

A funnel is used to aid in the transfer of liquid from one vessel to another.

Watch Glass

A watch glass is used to hold a small amount of solid, such as the product of a reaction.

Wash Bottle

A wash bottle has a spout that delivers a wash solution to a specific area. Distilled water is the only liquid that should be used in a wash bottle.

Weighing Boat

Weighing boats are used to weigh solids that will be transferred to another vessel.

Bunsen Burner

Bunsen burners are used for the heating of nonvolatile liquids and solids.

StrikersStrikers are used to light Bunsen burners.

The flints on strikers are expensive. Do not operate the striker repeatedly just to see the sparks!

Evaporating Dish

The evaporating dish is used for the heating of stable solid compounds and elements.

Mortar and pestle

Used to grind substances into powder. Made out of porcelain.

Crucible

Crucibles are used for heating certain solids, particularly metals, to very high temperatures.

Clay Triangle

The clay triangle is used as a support for porcelein crucibles when being heated over a Bunsen burner.

Crucible Tongs

For handling hot crucibles; also used to pick up other hot objects. NOT to be used for picking up beakers!

Ringstands and their Components

Ringstands are a safe and convenient way to perform reactions that require heating using a Bunsen burner.

Ringstand

Ringstands and their Components

Utility Clamps

Utility clamps are used to secure test tubes, distillation columns, and burets to the ringstand.

Ringstands and their Components

Iron Ring

Iron rings connect to a ringstand and provide a stable, elevated platform for the reaction.

Ringstands and their ComponentsWire Gauze

Wire gauze sits on the iron ring to provide a place to stand a beaker.

How to properly write up a lab.Must be on a sheet of paper.

Requirements:• Name, Title, Date• Objective• Data• Analysis• Conclusion

Labs will be graded using a rubric.

Laboratory Report FormatTitle: Start with your name, the title and date of

the lab.

Using the Scientific Method to Solve Problems 8-28-2007

Mrs. Owen

Objective: Write the objective.

Laboratory Report Format

Using the Scientific Method to Solve Problems 8-28-2007

Mrs. Owen

Objective: To make observations. To observe and record how a system changes over time. To develop a hypothesis that fits the evidence you collect.

Data: Follow procedures. A data table may need to be copied or created.

Laboratory Report Format

Using the Scientific Method to Solve Problems 8-28-2007

Data:

Part A

First Observations

Coke Diet Coke

Part B

Experiment One Observations

Similarities Differences

Mrs. Owen

Laboratory Report FormatAnalysis: Answer the questions, graph data or show

calculations.

Using the Scientific Method to Solve Problems 8-28-2007

Analysis: Sodium bicarbonate solution:1. 2.3.4.5. Sodium bicarbonate solution and raisins:1.2.3.4.5. Solution with acetic acid:

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.

Mrs. Owen

Laboratory Report FormatConclusion: Answer questions in complete sentences in

paragraph form. Refer back to purpose/objective. Concisely state findings.

Using the Scientific Method to Solve Problems 8-28-2007

Conclusion:

Mrs. Owen

Scientific Method• The scientific method is a logical approach to

the solution of scientific problems. • It uses a systematic method of solving problems

based on experiments and observations.

Scientific Method• A scientific law is a concise statement that

summarizes the results of many observations and experiments. Laws describe a natural phenomenon without explaining it.

Scientific MethodIn early summer of 1965, a University of Florida assistant coach sat

down with a team of university physicians and asked them to determine why so many of his players were being affected by heat and heat related illnesses.

The researchers — Dr. Robert Cade, Dr. Dana Shires, Dr. H. James Free and Dr. Alejandro de Quesada — soon hypothesized two key factors that were causing the Gator players to ‘wilt’: the fluids and electrolytes the players lost through sweat were not being replaced, and the large amounts of carbohydrates the players’ bodies used for energy were not being replenished.

The researchers then took their observation into the lab, and scientifically formulated a new, precisely balanced carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage that would adequately replace the key components lost by Gator players through sweating and exercise. They called their concoction ‘Gatorade’