Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH
Transcript of Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH
![Page 1: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Safety Control in the Construction Industry
In India.
By
Ramesh A. Bagi.
Corporate Asst Gen. ManagerOccupational Health , Safety & Environment
Godrej & Boyce Mfg. Co. Ltd.Vikhroli, Mumbai- 400079.
India.
![Page 2: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
OVERVIEV
• INDIAN SCENARIO
• CHALLENGES IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
• CONTROL MEASURES
![Page 3: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Introduction :
Construction Sector is very essential and an integral part of infrastructure development which gives tremendous boost to our country’s economy.
The construction industry has registered enormous growth worldwide in recent years. Although the development of technology is rapid in most of the sectors, construction work is still labour intensive ,
In India the construction sector employs around 33 million people, which is next to agriculture. Continued…..
![Page 4: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The construction workers are one of the most Vulnerable Segment of the unorganized labour in our country.
Workers being exposed to wide variety of serious OHS hazards, the rate of fatal accidents in this industry is 4 to 5 times that of the manufacturing sector.
![Page 5: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The workers are also exposed to a host of hazardous substances , which have a potential to cause serious Occupational diseases such as asbestosis, silicosis,lead poisoning , etc.
There is also a serious potential of fires due to the storage and use of flammable substances and a potential for disasters due to collapse of the structuresAnd subsidence of the soil on which the construction activity is being carried out.
![Page 6: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Annual turnover Rs. 3921 billionContribution of GDP 6.2 %Employment 33 million workersEngineers 4.7 %Technicians & Foreman 2.5 %Skilled Workers 73.1 %Annual growth 8 % (Targeted)
Statistic of Construction.
Source : CIDC Country Report 2005-2006
![Page 7: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Construction Activities
Transport
High Rise Building New
Mega Projects
Special Economic
Zones
Legislative coverageLaw enforcing
agency
Infrastructure
Challenges of Construction Industry in India
Migrating Work force
![Page 8: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Construction Activities
Competent Man power
SocioEconomicProblems
Environmental Impact
Assessment
Awareness
TrainingInfrastructureLabour
Camps
UnorganizedSector
Culture
Challenges of Construction Industry in India
Social HazardsAt site
![Page 9: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Proactive approachOHSE Policy and Organization structure
Risk Assessment and Monitoring Hazard IdentificationHazard ControllingHazard Monitoring
Culture DevelopmentEducation and Training CommunicationPromotional ActivitiesFollow upEmployee participation
![Page 10: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Proactive approach….(continued)
Occupational HealthWork area monitoring
HIRA of activities and processes, having occupational health risk along with CAPA.
Statutory compliances – pre / periodic medical check up.-MSDS
…...etc.
Training .
![Page 11: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Proactive approach….(continued)
Fire prevention
Emergency preparednessQuantification of Risk from process
Natural calamitiesOther Factors..
On and Off Site Emergency Plan
Statutory Requirements (ROR)
![Page 12: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
OVERVIEW OF STATUTES APPLICABLE TO CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
• Building & other construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996 (BOCWA)
• Building and Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Central Rules, 1998 (BOCWR)
• Petroleum Act, 1934 (PA)• Petroleum Rules, 2002 (PR)• Explosives Act, 1884 (EA)• Explosives Rules, 1983 (ER)• Gas Cylinder Rules, 1981 (GCR)• Static & Mobile Pressure Vessels (Unfired) Rules, 1981 (SMPVR)• Electricity Act, 2003 (EA)• Indian Electricity Rules, 1956 (ER)• Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 (MVA)• Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989 (CMVR)
![Page 13: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
In 1996 the Building and Other Construction Workers ( Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act,1996 was promulgated.
The Central Rules under this Act were notified in November 1998.
The Central Government has notified its ChiefLabour Commissioner as the Central enforcement agency under the above act.
Till this date 14 states has notified their enforcement agencies.
![Page 14: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
DGFASLI
The DGFASLI organization has been providing technical support over the years in drafting of Central Rules/ Model Rules, carrying out studies, surveys, safety audits and conducting trainingprogrammes, workshops and seminars in this sectors for the past over three decades.
![Page 15: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The National Safety Council ( national and unit levels ), has been conducting trainingprogrammes, safety audits, information dissemination ,producing awareness material and organizing campaigns for the construction industries for over a decade.
National Safety Council
![Page 16: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Proactive approach….(continued)
Work permit
Contractors selection and safety
Personnel Protective Equipment
Management system - ISO 9001-2000(QMS)- ISO 14001-2004 (EMS)- OHSAS18001-2007( OHS)- SR- (Pro.ISO-26000
Sustainability growth) - IMS ,TPM, 5-S,TO.etc.
![Page 17: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Proactive approach….(continued)
Propagation, Implementation andMonitoring of OHS policy.
Liaison – Internal and External customers.
Strategic planning - 5 Years planning, SBP. ABP, Disaster management etc.
![Page 18: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The Factories Act(1948) And
Rules
The WorkmenCompensation
Act. (1923)
The ESIC Act And
Rules (1948)
The BOCW ActAnd
Rules (1996)Statutes
Reactive Approach
![Page 19: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
IncidenceInvestigation
Analysis, CAPA
Reporting Near miss,Accident,
Fire
At Site
Reactive Approach
Data Management
![Page 20: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
REPORTABLE ACCIDENTSGodrej & Boyce - Construction Div.
92
82
19
2 0 0 2 1 0 0 3 0 0
0102030405060708090
100
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
![Page 21: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
FREQUENCY RATE (FR)Godrej & Boyce - Construction Div.
28.2
22.73
5.4
0 0 0 0.9 0.4 0 01.42 0 0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07
![Page 22: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
SEVERITY RATE (SR)Godrej & Boyce - Construction Div.
421.1
267.31
90.8
14.180 0
59.09
4.4 11.5 0 28 0 0
050
100150200250300350400450
1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07
![Page 23: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
FREQUENCY SEVERITY INDEX (FSI)Godrej & Boyce - Construction Div.
3.5
2.47
0.69
0.090 0
0.230.04 0 0
0.19 0 0
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07
![Page 24: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Mega Infrastructural Projects in India
![Page 25: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Golden Quadrangle (Source:www.nhai.org)
![Page 27: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
North-South East-West Corridors (Source: www.nhai.org)
![Page 28: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Proposed River Links1. Mahanadi-Burhabalang2. Mahanadi-Godavari3. Indravati-Wainganga4. Wringing-Krishna5. Krishna (Srisailam)-Pennar (Prodattur)6. Pennar (Gandikotta)-Palar-Cauvery7. Cauvery-Vaigai8. Godavari (Inchampalli)-Krishna (Nagarjunasagar)9. Krishna (Nagarjunasagar)-Pennar (Somasila)9.A Krishna (Almatti)- Pennar10. Pennar (Somasila)-Palar-Cauvery(Coleroon)11. Godavari (Inchampalli)-Krishna (Pulichintala)12. Godavari (Polavaram)-Krishna (Vijaywada)13. Par-Tapi-Narmada14. Damanganga-Tansa/Pinjal15. West Flowing Rivers of Kerala and Karnataka(Bedti-Varda; Netravati-Hemavati; Pamba-Anchankovil-Vaippar)16. Ken-Betwa17. Parbati-Kalisindh-Chambal
Proposed Links of the Peninsular Component Reddy, (2002)
![Page 29: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
.Proposed River Links1. Kosi-Mechi2. Kosi-Ghagra3. Gandak-Ganga4. Ghagra-Yamuna5. Sarda-Yamuna6. Yamuna-Rajasthan7. Rajasthan-Sabarmati8. Chunar-Sone Barrage9. Sone Dam-Southern Tributaries of Ganga10. Brahmaputra-Ganga (Mstg)11. Brahmaputra-Ganga (Jtf) (Alt)12. Farakka-Sunderbans13. Ganga-Damodar-Subarnarekha14. Subarnarekha-Mahanadi
Proposed Links of the Himalayan Component (Reddy, 2002)
![Page 30: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Sea-Ports Project:
This project of upgrading existing ports along the gigantic Coastline of the country will be an invitation to traders from all over the world in all Directions, hence the project is called as Neck less Project. The total outlay of project of about 60000crores rupees. This project is also expected to relieve the pressure on the rail, road and air traffic systems, by allowing the Ship and ferry services throughout the coastline. It includes improvement of harbor structures, developing advanced navigational inventory systems for small and large structures and adding a few smaller ports for linkage.
![Page 31: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Air-Taxi project :
This is another Mega-Project which will enhance air connectivity between various places in the country. The project entails enhancement of existing airports to higher standards and capacity, and addition of new airports at critical locations will lead to more hubs for traffic exchange in contrast to only Metro cities. It will lead to droppingDown of air tariff cost to 70-80% of current charges. The financial outlay For this project is expected to exceed some of the ongoing Mega Projects in country.
![Page 32: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Giant Tunnel Boring Machines used in underground tunneling work in the Delhi
Metro Rail Project:
(a)Full view on arrival at the seaport in India, and
(b) a break-through in hard rock strata of Delhi. (Source: www.delhimetrorail.com)
![Page 33: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
NEW MATERIALS, EQUIPMENT AND TECHNOLOGIES
Corrosion Resistant Steel (CRS)
Strong Outer Layer – Ductile Core of Corrosion Resistant Steel(Source:http://www.tatasteel.com/longs/tiscon/images, February 2003)
![Page 34: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Closed Structural
Rectangular and Square Sections (Sinha, 2003a)
![Page 35: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Economy of Steel Consumption through use of closed-structural (Source:www.tatatubes.com/frames_pages/frames_closedstructurals.htm, 2003)
TableProperty Of Closed Structurals Application In
Structural SystemsSteel Saved compared to conventional centre
Symmetry about all axes Tension Ties 15Higher Radius Of Gyration Compression Status 45Higher Lateral Rigidity Flexural Members 25Higher Shear Area Members Under
Shear40
Greater Enclosed TorsionalArea
Members Under Torsion
80
![Page 36: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Engineered Steel Guardrail Systems
Steel Guardrail Systems (Source: www.kirby-india.com, 2004)
![Page 37: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Urban Construction Strategies
Massive Pre-cast Piers used for flyovers without disruption of under lying services and utilities: (a) JJ Hospital Flyover on Pre cast Piers in Delhi, and(b) Transportation of Pre cast Piers from site of
construction to erection site (Bhattacharya, 2002)
(a) (b)
![Page 38: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Machine Automated Slip-form Pavers
Automatically guided slip-form paving machine and on-ground monitoring systems for transferring information from ground to machine.(Source: www.leica-geosystems.com, 2004).
![Page 39: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Basic Infrastructure
Contract Management
Consultancy Services
Project Control Site Selection and Landscaping1. Resource Scheduling2. Financial Control3. Budget Formulations and Periodic Review4. Expenditure Reporting and Monitoring
![Page 40: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
TECHNICAL HUMAN RESOURCE and EMPLOYMENT POTENTIALTHE CHALLENGES
1 HousingValmiki Ambedkar Awas YojnaIndira Awas Yojna
Single-storey housing in Vondh village (Gujarat) built by the Governmentof Maharashtra.
![Page 41: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
THE CHALLENGES coninued…2 Environment
(a) Government action (b) Market forces(c) Institutional initiatives(d) Operational environment
3 Transportation4 Power
Large apartments and commercial complexes with captive powergenerating systems (Source: www.unitech-limited.com)
![Page 42: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
THE CHALLENGES continued…
5 Natural Hazards
Flood Affected Areas of India(Source:www.bmtpc.org/disaster.htm,2004)
![Page 43: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Natural Hazards …. continued……
Earthquake Zones of India(Source: www.bmtpc.org/disaster.htm, 2004)
![Page 44: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Natural Hazards …. continued……
Wind and Cyclone Zones of India (Source: www.bmtpc.org/disaster.htm,)
![Page 45: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Bad storage – sagging rack
![Page 47: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Cement storage – Loading against wall, loading up to the ceiling
![Page 48: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Access to child
![Page 49: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Injuries due to RMC
![Page 50: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Bad fire protection
![Page 51: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Gas cylinder kept horizontally anywhere
![Page 52: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Bad hand tools
![Page 53: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Bad illumination
![Page 54: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Unsafe ladder
![Page 55: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Unsafe sitting places
![Page 56: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Unsafe sleeping place
![Page 57: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Structural safety- crack on wall
![Page 58: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Unsafe access
![Page 59: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Unsafe act- standing on moving vehicle
![Page 60: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Unsafe manual material handling
![Page 61: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Unsafe mechanical material handling equipment
![Page 62: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Misuse
![Page 63: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Ventilation
![Page 64: Safety Control In The Construction Industry In India. - JNIOSH](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052606/5868d3701a28ab767d8b75e2/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)