Safeguarding Animal Health Laboratory Preparedness – National Veterinary Services Laboratories...

Safeguarding Animal Health

Laboratory Preparedness – Laboratory Preparedness –

National Veterinary Services National Veterinary Services Laboratories Laboratories

Secretary’s Advisory Committee on Animal HealthSecretary’s Advisory Committee on Animal HealthJanuary 20, 2011January 20, 2011

Beth Lautner, D.V.M., M.S.Beth Lautner, D.V.M., M.S.Director, National Veterinary Services LaboratoriesDirector, National Veterinary Services Laboratories

Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection ServiceVeterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service


NVSL Mission• To safeguard U.S. animal health and contribute to

public health by ensuring that timely and accurate laboratory support* is provided by a nationwide animal health diagnostic system. Reference and confirmatory laboratory for USDA

FY10 – > 62,000 submissions and 500,000 tests

* Includes both domestic and foreign animal diseases


NVSL Activities• Conduct diagnostic testing

• Supply reference reagents to other laboratories

• Provide training in diagnostic techniques and conduct proficiency testing of other laboratories

• Coordinate the National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN)

• Conduct developmental projects to improve diagnostic techniques and capabilities

• Participate in World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) Collaborating Centre for the Diagnosis of Animal Diseases and Vaccine Evaluation in the Americas – Center for Veterinary Biologics (CVB), ISU

• Serve as OIE reference laboratory high pathogenicity avian influenza, anthrax, pseudorabies, bluetongue, contagious equine metritis, equine encephalomyelitis,

equine infectious anemia, leptospirosis, Newcastle disease, vesicular stomatitis and West Nile encephalitis

• Serve as Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) reference center for vesicular diseases, classical swine fever, African swine fever


NVSL Structure

Diagnostic Bacteriology Laboratory

Diagnostic Virology Laboratory

Pathobiology Laboratory

Director’s Office

Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory

• Diagnostic Services

• Reagent & Vaccine Services

• Proficiency and Validation Services Section

Administrative Management & Program Services National Animal Health Laboratory Network

• Bacterial Identification

• Mycobacteria & Brucella

• Serology

• Avian Viruses

• Bovine & Porcine Viruses

• Equine & Ovine Viruses

• Chemistry & Analytical Services

• Parasitology Team

• Pathology Technical Services Section

• Pathology Section


Diagnostic Bacteriology Laboratory• Brucellosis• Bovine tuberculosis• Johne’s disease• Anthrax• Salmonellosis• Leptospirosis• Contagious equine metritis• Anaplasmosis• Piroplasmosis


Diagnostic Bacteriology

• Tested over 30,000 horses for piroplasmosis in relation to interstate movement, race horse surveillance, and FAD investigations

• Approved 9 laboratories to do intra- or interstate movement testing for piroplasmosis

• Offered proficiency test for B. equi and B. caballi• Peer Review of Serological Testing



• Provided Proficiency test for Contagious Equine Metritis

• New Salmonella enteritidis rule-out assay - quicker than complete serotyping.

• In process of validating molecular serotyping for Salmonella


• Provided laboratory support for the TB Program testing and depopulation activities in Colorado, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Mississippi, Nebraska, Ohio, and Texas (11 new herds identified in FY 2010)

• Provided laboratory support for wildlife surveys in the following states: TB: Minnesota, New York, New Mexico, Texas, Indiana Brucella: Montana, Wyoming

• New tests developed/offered: Sensitivity testing for atypical Mycobacteria Differential PCR for identifying mycobacterial species

belonging to the M. tuberculosis complex



Diagnostic Virology Laboratory

• Avian influenza• Newcastle disease• Pseudorabies• Equine encephalomyelitis (Eastern, Western, Venezuelan)• West Nile encephalitis• Bluetongue• Infectious salmon anemia• Spring viremia of carp• Equine infectious anemia

Capacity to diagnose more than 90 diseases


Diagnostic Virology• 2009 Pandemic H1N1 virus

Validated new PCR assays developed by Agricultural Research Service (ARS) for use in 36 NAHLN SIV approved laboratories

Influenza A matrix N1 differential PCR

OFFLU reference laboratory for pandemic H1N1 – able to accept at FADDL from FMD countries and Ames for non-FMD countries


OFFLU Adopts USDA-APHIS Guidance for Pandemic

H1N1Influenza


Diagnostic Virology• Aquaculture wet lab commissioned in new

vivarium


Pathobiology Laboratory

Diagnostics• Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy• Scrapie• Chronic Wasting Disease• Bovine Tuberculosis• Screwworm myiasis• Tick identification

Other Program Support• Evaluation of Disinfectants/Pesticides• Scrapie Genotyping


NVSL Proficiency Tests 2010• Classical Swine Fever• Foot and Mouth Disease• Equine Infectious Anemia• Bluetongue• Bovine leukosis• Leptospira• Johnes (organism, serum,

milk)• TB (gamma interferon)• Avian Influenza• African Swine Fever• Anaplasmosis

• Newcastle Disease• BSE• Brucella• Equine Piroplasmosis• Bacteriology QA• Contagious Equine Metritis• Salmonella type D• Equine Infectious Anemia• Equine Viral Arteritis• Pseudorabies (Serology and rRT-

PCR)• Rinderpest


Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (FADDL) Activities• Perform diagnosis of foreign animal diseases (FADs)

• Test imported animals and animal products to prevent introduction of FADs

• Serve as reference lab for National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN) and the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

• Produce diagnostic reagents

• Maintain the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) Vaccine Bank for North America

• Train veterinarians in the clinical diagnosis of FADs

• Conduct subject matter research and investigation activities

• Build international capacity for laboratory diagnosis


Diseases Tested at FADDL• Former OIE List A

Foot-and-mouth disease Rinderpest Peste des petits ruminants Swine vesicular disease Vesicular stomatitis Classical swine fever African swine fever Rift valley fever Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia Bluetongue Sheep and goat pox African horse sickness Lumpy skin disease

• Former OIE List B Trypanosomosis Malignant Catarrhal Fever Brucellosis Heartwater Getah Bovine viral diarrhea Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis Bovine herpesvirus mammillitis Orf Japanese encephalitis B Epizootic hemorrhagic disease Rabbit hemorrhagic disease Teschen Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia Contagious agalactia Aino and Akabane Bovine ephemeral fever


Fiscal Year FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10

Case/Test Case # Test # Case # Test # Case # Test # Case # Test #

Investigations 136 (1)

2,539(271)

99 1,555 83 1,848 102 2,553

CSF Surveillance

625 16,200 923 15,928 1,543 8,151 2,283 8,170

Export 3 31 4 40 0 0 10 37

Import 0 0 4 383 0 0 4 1

Safety 6 82 2 8 5 31 10 100

Reference(International)

11 2,083 17 (5)

658(441)

11(5)

707(631)

7(4)

625(569)

Total 781 20,935 1,049 18,572 1,642 10,737 2,417 10,774

Number of Samples Tested Annually for Potential Foreign Animal Diseases


• Ecuador Characterization of FMDV strain

• Dominican Republic Carrier sow & congenital infection

Low pathogenic CSF, genotype 1.3 Investigating possible spread of PTV-1 in swine

• Haiti Swine with neurological signs , high

morbidity/mortality Teschovirus causing encephalomyelitis

• Guatemala Recently diagnosed CSFV, genotype 1.3

• Nicaragua Detected and characterized CSFV, genotype

1.3

• Cameroon Collaborating with Ohio State University-ARS-Cameroon

on epidemiology study using as FMD as model

• Nigeria FMD outbreak in Cattle (Type O)

First FMD investigation since 1977 30 epithelial tissues and 527 sera

• Iraq FMD outbreak in cattle and sheep

Sublineage of A Iran05 in 2008 Weak match with the current vaccine A22 Iraq

Confirming results of serological surveillance of FMDV

• Pakistan Characterization of FMDV strains

• Mongolia Capacity building of lab for FMD diagnostics Characterizing the FMD virus In process of establishing OIE twinning program on FMD

International Accessions & Capacity BuildingOctober 09-October 10


Examples - FADDL Developmental Projects• Enhancement and Validation of 3D ELISA DIVA Diagnostic for FMD (DHS

funded)• Epitope Mapping of the Envelope E2 Glycoprotein to Enhance CSF

Diagnostics and Develop and Validate a Highly Specific CSF ELISA (DHS funded)

• Evaluation of Pen-side Diagnostics for the Detection of FMDV (DHS funded)• Enhancements of High-Throughput (HTP) Diagnostics for FADs and HTP

with an Emphasis on Serological Assay Validation for FMDV (DHS funded)• Development of Pan-Viral Microarrays for the Detection of Emerging and

FADs (DHS and USDA funded)• Validation of Assays for FADs (ARS funded)• FMD in feral swine, pronghorn, mule deer, elk• FMD detection in oral fluids


Discovery of Swine as A Host for the Reston Ebolavirus

• In 2008, domestic swine in the Philippines, experiencing unusually severe outbreaks of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), were discovered to host Reston Ebolavirus (REBOV).• Identified at FADDL and confirmed at CDC.


Responses to Discovery of Swine as A Host for Reston Ebolavirus

Concern over Ebola virus in pigs.A form of Ebola virus has been detected in pigs for the first time, raising concerns it could mutate and pose a new risk to humans. The new discovery – in the Philippines – is featuredin the journal Science. Story from BBC NEWS:http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/health/8143823.stmPublished: 2009/07/10 10:14:08 GMT© BBC MMIX

• Philippines BAI, immediately stopped international trade of pork products.• The FAO, OIE, and WHO sent a team to the Philippines to advise and assist on public health recommendations and control of the infected swine. Dr. Bill White of NVSL/FADDL among team members. • The CDC tested 141 individuals and found some seroconversion.• Surveys of two affected farms revealed circulating virus on farm A.• The CDC has since returned to the Philippines to investigate fruit bats as a possible reservoir.


North American Animal Health Laboratory Network: ‘US, Mexico and Canada’ North American Leaders Summit (Security and Prosperity Partnership)

Harmonization of Selected AssaysrRT-PCR: FMD - Done

Antigen ELISA: FMD - Done

Virus neutralization: FMD - Done

Virus Isolation:FMD - Done

Ab ELISA: SVD & VSV - Now

3ABC ELISA: FMD - Future

Cell culture sensitivity for virus isolation: FMD - Future

rRT-PCR: VSV - Future

Vesicular Diseases Harmonization FMD, SVD,VSV

“Ensuring an equivalency of diagnostic test results between the laboratories, regardless of protocols practiced by each country”

• Harmonized tests as well for Avian Influenza and Bovine Tuberculosis


OIE Twinning• To establish effective and long-term

collaboration between a reference (parent) lab and lab in developing country

• NVSL Twinning projects:Brazil—avian influenza and Newcastle diseaseChile—avian influenza and Newcastle disease


Center for Veterinary Biologics (CVB), APHIS

National Animal Disease Center (NADC), ARS

National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL), APHIS

Together we meet the national needs for animal health research, diagnosis, and product evaluation.

Low containment animal facility--2009 Phase 1 laboratory facility--2004

High containment animal facility--2007


Websites• National Veterinary Services Laboratories

www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/lab_info_services

• National Animal Health Laboratory Networkwww.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/nahln

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