M.R.Riyas MBA in Finance

Safety- protecting employees from injuries caused by work- related accidentsHealth- employees freedom from physical or emotional illness.

Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1994 created the Safety and Health AdministrationAims to ensure safe working conditions for every worker bySetting and enforcing workPromoting employer- sponsored educational programsRequiring employers to keep records regarding job related safety and health matters

Employers have responsibility to furnish a workplace free from recognize hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm

Reduce occupational hazards through direct interventionPromote a safe and healthy culture through compliance assistance, cooperative program and strong leadershipMaximize OSHAs effectiveness and efficiency by strengthening its capabilities and infrastructures

Give employers choice between partnership and traditional enforcementInject common sense into regulation and enforcementEliminate red tape

Serious hazard citation has maximum penalty of $ 7000Willful citation might have a maximum amount of $ 70,000 per violationIf 10 employees were exposed to one hazard the employer intentionally did not eliminate, the penalty amount would immediately jump to $ 700,000

Authorized stricter enforcement measuresIncrease oversight of firms that have received high gravity citationsMount criminal prosecutions against employers where fatalities are involved

Average employer will not likely see OSHA inspector unless employee instigates an inspection70% of OSHA inspections resulted from employee complaintsEmployer has option of denying inspector access to work site- required to get a warrant

Have not always been positiveOSHA has overcome most of past critisms87% of workers and employers rated OSHA staff professionalism, competence and knowledge as satisfactory

Job-related deaths and injuries extract high toll in terms of human miserySignificant costs passed along to consumerEveryone affected (directly or indirectly) by deaths and injuries

Unsafe employee actions- create psychological environment and employee attitudes that promote safetyUnsafe working conditions- develop and maintain safe physical working environment

Personal lossFinancial loss to injured employeesLost productivityHigher insurance premiumsPossibility of fines and imprisonmentSocial responsibility

Job hazard analysis- key to determining and implementing the necessary controls, procedures and trainingSuperfund Amendments Reauthorization Act, Title III (SARA) requires business to communicate more openly about hazards associated with materials they use and produce and wasted they generate

Employee involvement- include employees, gives sense of accomplishmentSafety engineer- staff member who coordinates overall safety programAccident investigation- safety engineer and line manager investigate accidentsEvaluate safety program

Reduction in frequency and severity on injuriesEffective reporting system needed

Vulnerable(tersinggung) employees Vulnerable organizationsLegal consequences of workplace violenceIndividual and organizational characteristic to monitorPreventive actions

Gas stations and liquor storesTaxi driversPolice officers working night shiftVULNERABLE EMPLOYEES

Negligent hiring- hiring the incapable personNegligent retention- dont take action to the wrong doing workers

Chronic labor/ management disputes(berbalah)Frequent grievances( rungutan) filed by employeesLarge number of workers compensation claimsUnderstaffing and excessive demands for overtime in an authorization management style

Civil lawsuits claiming negligent hiring or negligent retention account for more than half of estimated $ 36 billion a year cost to businessNegligent retention- occurs when company keeps persons on payroll whose records indicate strong potential for wrongdoing and fails to take steps defuse a possible violent situation

Bodys nonspecific reaction to any demand on itPotential consequences- diseases that are leading causes of death, may even lead to suicide (bunuh diri)Stressful jobs- lack of employee control over work.