Safe Clinical Practice

Keys to Lab Safety and Success

• Be Prepared

Keys to Lab Safety and Success

• Equipment

Keys to Lab Safety and Success

• Attendance

Keys to Lab Safety and Success

• Writing

Keys to Lab Safety and Success

• Curiosity

Lab Skills for Success

• Communication

Lab Skills for Success

• Teamwork

Lab Skills for Success

• Critical Thinking

American Philosophical AssociationCritical thinking is self-directed, self-disciplined, self-monitored, and self-corrective thinking. It presupposes assent to rigorous standards of excellence and mindful command of their use. It entails effective communication and problem solving abilities and a commitment to overcome our native egocentrism and sociocentrism.

Lab Skills for Success

• Technical skills

Infection Prevention & Control

• Micro-organism–Only visible with

a microscope

Micro-organism

Cause disease• “pathogen” • infection

Do not cause disease• “Nonpathogenic

organism”• Normal Flora

Cross-contamination

• Spread of pathogens from

Bacteria

• Single cell• No nucleus• Reproduce

• Classifications–Need for O2

–Shape–Gram stain

Bacteria – need for O2

Aerobic• Need O2

Anaerobic• Can’t have O2

Bacteria – gram stain

Gram-positive Gram-negative• Dangerous • Endotoxin • Hemorrhagic

shock & diarrhea

Bacteria – shape (morphology)

• Cocci –Round

• Bacilli –Rod shaped

• Spirochetes –Spiral

• Chains –Streptococci

• Pairs –Diplococci

• Clusters –Staphylococci

Antibiotic

• Chemical substances that can kill microorganisms • Most effective

against bacteria

Viruses

• Extremely small

• Can only grow and replicate within a living cell

Chain of Infection

1. Pathogen • Microorganism capable of causing disease

Chain of Infection

1. Pathogen

2. Reservoir3. A portal of exit

• Reservoir–Where the

pathogen lives

• Portal of Exit–A way to get out

of the reservoir

Chain of Infection

1. Pathogen2. Reservoir3. Portal of exit from the

reservoir

4. Mode of Transmission

• How pathogens move from the reservoir host

Chain of Infection

1. Pathogen2. Reservoir3. Portal of exit from the

reservoir4. Mode of Transmission

5. Portal of entry

• Entrance into host – Eyes–Mouth–Respiratory–GI–GU–Broken skin–Blood

Chain of Infection

1. Pathogen2. Reservoir3. Portal of exit from the

reservoir4. Mode of Transmission5. Portal of entry

Susceptible host

Healthcare-associated infections• Mode of Transportation– Employees–Visitors–Devices

Resistant pathogens• Causes– Inappropriate use of antibiotics

• Result– Resistance– Mutation

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)

• Reservoir–Mucous membranes–Resp. Tract

• Hospital & community acquired• Isolation–Precautions

Standard Precaution

• Do not touch–Blood –Body fluids (except sweat)–Non-intact skin–Mucous membranes

Hand washing

• Before & After–Soap

Gloves

• Before touching –Body fluids

Gown

• During procedures when contact with body fluids is anticipated.

Mask – Eye protection – Face shield

• When body fluids are likely to splash or spray.

Equipment

• Wash hands after handling • Cleaning routine

Laundry/textiles• Cover• Don’t hug

Needles / sharps

• Do not recap• 1-handed scoop• Puncture-

resistant container

Lifting & moving

• Obtain help

Lifting & moving

• Use your leg muscles

Lifting & moving

• Provide stability for movement

Lifting & moving

• Smooth, coordinated movements

Lifting & moving

• Keep the load close

Lifting & moving

• Pull & pivot