Sabrina KilbourneMitchell Rowland

The South after the Civil War

• Slavery had ended, but African Americans enjoyed few freedoms.

• Sharecropping replaced slavery.

• African Americans would have few rights in the South.

Migration to the North

• While most African Americans remained in the South, some of those who could leave began to migrate to the North.

• They established a foundation for future migrants.

MAP SHOWS THAT THERE WERE NUMEROUS AFRICANAMERICANS LIVING IN THE NORTH FOLLOWING THE WAR.

Through the 1910s

• Migration from the South was slow, but steady until the 1910s.

• The primary destination was the North.

Location

• Most of the migrants were headed to the big cities such as Chicago, New York, and Baltimore.

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Map Showing African American Migration During the 1910s.

Location - Continued

• The next slide shows the growth of Philadelphia during the late 1800s.

Example of Growth:Philadelphia 1870-1900

22,147 651,854 674,022

31,699 43.13 815,362 25.08 847,170

39,371 24.20 1,006,590 23.42 1,046,694

62,613 59.00 1,229,673 22.02 1,293,697

1870

1880

1890

1900

Black Population White Population TotalsNumbers increase Number Increase Numbers

REASONS FOR NORTHERN MIGRATION

1. To Avoid Jim Crow Laws - African Americans in the South could not vote and experienced tremendous racism.

Allen Brooks 1910 lynching

REASONS FOR NORTHERN MIGRATION - CONTINUED

2. Increase educational opportunities - Segregation in the South limited opportunities for African Americans to gain a quality education and forced most into farming.

REASONS FOR NORTHERN MIGRATION - CONTINUED

3. World War I - Many Northern companies simply could not find enough white men to fill open positions because of the war.

Skilled African American laborers.

A New Reality

While African Americans were excited about the changes, they were not always met with open hands from Northern whites.

Problems in the North

• Prejudicial attitudes often spilled over into violence, including riots, such as the Chicago Riot of 1919, which occurred shortly after the First World War ended.

A black Chicagoan being questioned about the riot.

Bibliograpy

http://dbs.ohiohistory.org/africanam/page.cfm?ID=2453

www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1032.html

http://www.inmotionaame.org/migrations/landing.cfm?migration=8

http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/1483/1518969/DIV1517.jpg

www.vintagepostcards.com