SABC policy consultation J3: 2003. Coming up 1.Review 2.Background, Bill, Policy: consultation...
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Transcript of SABC policy consultation J3: 2003. Coming up 1.Review 2.Background, Bill, Policy: consultation...
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SABC policy consultation
J3: 2003
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Coming up
1. Review2. Background, Bill, Policy:
consultation process.3. Process and place of exercise4. Implementation5. Key issues6. Conclusion
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1. REVIEW OF ISSUES
• Who, what, where, when, etc.?• What paradigm specs do you use?• Role of state• Scope of policy • Philosophies• Implementation• Steyn’s issues: liberalistn, pbs, etc.
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Review cntd.• Policy ethos: content & structure• Interventionist vs liberal.• Systems: Authoritarian,
Libertarian, Regulatory, Free Market+State.
• Singling out broadcasting• Convergence.
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2. BACKGROUND
2002 Broadcast Amendment Bill• “Board … ensure reporting …
which advances the national & public interest of the Republic”
• Board should prepare policies for approval.
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Bdcst Amend Bill cntd:
• SABC needs jist code of conduct• Dropped clause in old Act which
had guaranteed SABC free expression, and journalistic, creative and programming independence.
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Bdcst Amend Bill cntd:
•Minister should split Board and prescribe functions through Articles of Assoc of the new corporatised body.
•There should be 2 state TV channels in African languages.
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Govt comments:• “Journos need to account”.• “Cannot be allowed to report in a
manner that can damage economy or trigger rand collapse”.
• “Content should be more local”• “Our leaders, not foreign rulers,
should be shown”. (Ivy)
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Assessment:
•Govt control agenda.•Govt vote of no-confidence in
SABC language delivery.•Undermines public
broadcasting, accountable to public, not the govt.
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Outcry:• Opposition, Civil Society • Media (Sanef, FXI), Misa, SABC,• Icasa – only needs to consider
Minister’s policy, not accept. – No directive from govt that may
interfere with independence, power, function, and licensing autonomy.
– Therefore: unconstitutionality on Minister approval of SABC policy and new TV stations.
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Changes:
• Broadcast to serve both national and public interest.
• New TV stations to be based at SABC and be public-funded.
• Icasa to be asked to licence.• One SABC board, with subcomms,
roles to be decided by board itself.
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Response:
• “We tried for 2 years to engage SABC on role and obligs” (Ivy)
• “What seemed extreme was intended to focus attn on accountability.”
• “No regulator can operate without direction”
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Changes:
• SABC fxi & independence clause reinstated “but this right is correctly placed in the context of, and is to be balanced with other rights of all citizens” (Ivy)
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Changes:• Board must prepare policies,• Should accord with Icasa’s code of
conduct, licence conditions, Broadcasting Act objectives.
• Icasa must approve,• Public participation must be enabled.• Also: “… Board must … institute
regular & effective means to solicit public opinion … and give due consideration to it” (Ivy)
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ANC policy change:
• 51st congress - Dec 02.• Pro state funds for public &
community broadcasting.• Also pro cross-subsidy• Parli TV, Africa link-ups• Gender, culture, kids progrs.• Captions for deaf.
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Compromise?
• Minister – policy – Icasa – SABC• Minister makes policy directives to Icasa,
BUT:– must be transparent– In consultation with Icasa and Parliament– Be general– On certain topics
• Icasa implements broad policy, full authority over licences – tells SABC what to do.
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3. PROCESS• Consultation commences • Unfortunate: no indication to public
that consultation was not a foregone matter.
• Question: “Trust that SABC consulting because it truly believes the people have an NB role to play, and not merely to comply with the law” Ngoako Ramatlhodi
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Place of exercise
• Draft correctly lays out parameters (Icasa, Legislation, BCCSA, etc.).
• But within these limits, enormous scope for interpretation and elaboration
• Public input can make a meaningful impact.
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Consultation principle
• South Africans = co-authors of history in the making
• Legacy of struggle in SA• Commendable for publishing
the Draft in main SA languages.
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Possible benefits
• tap into knowledge capital • enhances the final product • ensures that the policies are
living objects • public has a sense of ongoing
ownership.• credibility and legitimacy
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Purpose of policies• To give guidance to SABC
employees• To clarify what the public is
entitled to expect from the broadcaster.
• Be communicative & transparent• Responsive and adaptive• Clarify accountability
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Basic Assumptions• Draft links SABC to Constitution
(ANC)–But omits reference to right to FXI
– Thus misses that right to send and receive info is fundamental to citizenship.
–Ignores inequalities of expression in language, and access.
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Basic Assumptions• Genesis of initiative assists in
analysing why they are shaped as they are, what might be informing them, and what their impact might be. (FXI)
• SABC = Commercial broadcaster.
• Macro economic climate.
• PBS starved like other delivery areas.
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4. IMPLEMENTATION
Appropriate training strategies: • Staff knowledge and
understanding• Skills to implement the guidelines.Monitoring mechanism: • How know if actioned?• How know degree of success?• Who will do it, when?
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Indicators• Indicators needed to audit
whether all of the proposed policies are having effects.
• Definitions of National Interest, etc. hard.
• An agency (possibly even independent of the Board) should be charged with making an annual or bi-annual assessment about conformity and violation.
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Time frames
• Language policy lacks detail (ANC)– Needs targets– Three year operational plan
• Detail on practical measures to meet needs of deaf and blind (ANC)
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Economics
• Cost of policy on language programming and local content.
• Danger of noble policy goals, undermined by economic model
• Policy must relate to achievable and deliverable behaviours and outcomes.
• Shortfall can undermine credibility • Editorial policies should not be pure wish-
list or unachievable goal.
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Alternative economics
• Imperative of redress should inform resource allocation, not vice versa.
• Eg. SABC should ID a need, eg. Tsonga language, and seek funds for it.
• Without plans, hard to convince govt to invest.
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Permanent policy process
• Proposal suggest review every 3-5 years. More often?
• As a policy principle, should SABC carry regular content that deals with performance in terms of the policies?
• “Programming about programming” has educative value media literacy.
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Who
• Draft Policies suggest CEO should be Editor in Chief, and MD of News be part of the line of accountability.
• “Upward referral” for “extraordinary events”
– “Mechanism for consultation”– ALSO: notify top managers of
controversy or impact on SABC
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Editorial• Account for your decision, if you do
not practise “Editorial referral” to heads of news on these issues:
– Broadcasting secret information – Interviews with criminals– Payment for Info– Reqs for untransmitted content– Commissioning opinion polls
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Mandatory referral
• “any matter … major financial, image or public response implications …”
• Must be referred to and approved by Group Exec.
• CEO, CFO, COO• Wording lifted from Australian BC.
– Adopt .. Or adapt?
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Public responses• Opposed to some aspects – esp.
upward referral and CEO as editor.– Sanef, Media, SACP, Media Review
Network, Misa.– “invisible censor” will decide what is
“controversy” and extraordinary”.– SABC shd have edit indep from Board
• Support from ANC politicians and at regional meetings:
– Clear and visible lines of accountability.
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Upward referral• Elitist system (FXI)• Involve working journalistis• Shorten chain of command.
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Issues
• Type of issues could stifle content, paralyse initiative, delay broadcast.
• Should authority lie with CEO and Group Exec, or with Heads of News?
• Conflict of interest?• Centralisation of accountability –
pros and cons.• How does Board hold accountable?
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5. KEY ISSUES
• PBS and CPBS• Advertising• Platforms• News• Programming• Holism
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Contextualisation and character of the SABC:
• Complementarity, and competitiveness, of the public broadcaster to other broadcast sectors?.
• Need an explicit and deeper consideration of the PBS & PCBS distinction,
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What is public service?
• Inform policies by spelling out what the SABC understands as its public service commitment.
• Eg, yes to diverse languages of the country,
• but what about minority interests and tastes (such as, for instance, ballroom dancers, book lovers or traditional drummers)?
• And missing issues: poverty index.
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Africa public service
• Identify PBS role in African renaissance and integration.
• Follow on: policy to avoid or combat xenophobic and anti-Africa meanings.
• Would give guidance to coverage that gratuitously mentions nationality and with negative connotations attached such as in reference to Nigerians).
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Genre distinctiveness
• Policy should say what makes public service programming distinct from the rest of the menu.
• Personality-based programming, for example, is more typical of primarily commercial broadcasting,
• But increasing examples of this genre in SABC’s public service channels.
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Political role• Discuss democracy and development. • Example, policy should refer to –
– playing a watchdog role, – an educational role,– an empowering role,– a cultural role, – a mobilising role.
• Could lead to policies like supporting investigative journalism, or promoting cultural activities (eg. authors reading their books over the radio waves).
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Advertising
• What is lacking in the current document is mention of how it might relate to advertising content.
• What policy guidelines relate to purely commercial (including informercials).
• How should this be assessed in relation to editorial content.
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wider broadcast-scape
• Need policy about collaboration and development.
• Natural partnership with community broadcasters is not mentioned in the current document.
• Could lead to mutually beneficial relationships - including sourcing coverage from remote areas.
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wider broadcast-scape
• Partnership with platform providers could be policy-guided (eg Multichoice, etc.)
• Partnerships with tertiary institutions and even commercial broadcasters could be a policy principle.
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Big-City-centric
• Policy needed to cover wider South Africa beyond the three major cities.
• As PBS, SABC should allocate resources to this costly endeavour.
• Because profit not an end in itself, but a means to public service.
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Different platforms
• More attention on policy re: different media platforms.
• Different considerations in television and radio – merits a special section.
• Need attention to internet- and cellphone- delivered content.
• Internet in particular raises special policy issues.
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News and current affairs• News and current affairs policies need
special singling out • This is arguably the heart of
Information programming, • In turn, this is an absolutely central
function of public service broadcasting.• Iin the total mix, paramount
importance of these policies needs to be contextualised.
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Programming policy
• Criteria for scheduling should be elaborated and made transparent.
• So that commercial needs to chase audiences (on both PCBS and PBS outlets) should be weighted against educational & local content imperatives.
• These imperatives hollow if respective programming is relegated to deadtime.
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Holistic
• Despite distinctions, one SABC.• Eg. common policy needed on
election coverage that cuts across news, current affairs and talk and other programming.
• Recent “gagging issue”: – Result: Others must consult news.
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6. CONCLUSION
• Reviewed policy theory• Background to process• Process• Implementation• Key issues• Lara Kantor