SAAP Bulletin - the-bsp.org

1 | P a g e January 2020 | Volume 3, Issue 1|ISSN: 2714-1756

SAAP Bulletin The newsletter of the South Asian Association of Physiologists

January 2020 | Volume 3, Issue 1|ISSN: 2714-1756

Claude Bernard, a French physiologist (1819-1878) was one of the founders of experimental physiology.

He did animal experiments to discover the nature of digestion, heat generation and neural regulation of vascular system.

He became the most famous life scientist in France in the 19th century.

Claude Bernard and his pupils Oil painting after Léon-Augustin Lhermitte (1844-1925)_ https://wellcomecollection.org/works/cx247dwq

Inside this issue Page

SAAP Executive Council 2 Message from the President, SAAP 2 Message from the Secretary General SAAP 4 Editorial Board 5 From Editor’s Desk 5 News and Events from Physiological societies of SAAP countries 6 Featured article –Can a fetus hear? Neurophysiological Evidence for auditory perception in human and animal fetuses: Professor Vajira Weerasinghe

11

Down the memory lane of SAAP conferences 14 Upcoming events 15

Published by:

South Asian Association of Physiologists: No.112, Model Farm Road; Colombo-08, Sri Lanka

Website:https://saapphysiologists.webs.com/E mail: [email protected]

https://wellcomecollection.org/works/cx247dwq

https://wellcomecollection.org/works/cx247dwq

https://saapphysiologists.webs.com/

mailto:[email protected]


Message from the President SAAP

Professor Arif Siddiqui

First of all, I am extremely honoured to have been

elected to serve the 6th President (2018-20) of the

South Asian Association of Physiologists (SAAP) by

its General Council meeting held on Dec. 13, 2018

hosted by Pakistan Physiological Society at

University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan. SAAP is

privileged to be the Founding entity in terms of

mobilizing physiology community in South Asia for

the promotion of physiological sciences and

teaching physiology in the region in a more cohesive

manner through networking and collaboration.

Since its inception in 2008 at Islamabad the concept

of SAAP was enthusiastically received and with

increasing dedication and resilience coupled by

consistent efforts it is gradually growing in stature.

Biennial conferences been a well received feature as

so far these are organized in Islamabad (2008),

Bangalore (2010), Colombo (2012), Dhaka (2014),

Kathmandu (2016) and with the conference at

Lahore (2018) completes the cycle.

We should be aware that with over 1000 medical

colleges and dozens of university departments and

research institutions in the region there is huge

potential for the promotion of discipline that would

eventually translate into better health care and

research activities. However, in order to make a

difference there are lots of challenges; notable

among these are the lack of vitality.

Executive Council of the South

Asian Association of

Physiologists (SAAP)

2018-2020

President Professor Arif Siddiqui

Secretary General Professor Savithri Wimalasekera

Treasurer Dr. Himansu Waidyasekera

Joint Secretary Professor Mangala Gunatilake

Immediate-Past President Professor Rita Khadka, Nepal

Vice Presidents Bangladesh Dr. Sultana Firdousi Dr. Muhammad Zahid Hassan

India Dr. Goutam Pal Dr. Dilip Kumar Nandi

Nepal Dr. Mrigendra Amatya Dr. Ojaswi Nepal

Pakistan Dr. Mahwish Arooj Dr. Muhammad Adnan Kanpurwala

Sri Lanka Professor Priyadharshika Hettiarchchi Dr. Indu Nanayakkara

Advisory Council Professor Muhammad Aslam Professor Kusal K Das Professor Amar K Chandra Professor Sharaine Fernando Professor Ruhul Amin


Relative convenience in physical movement will also

benefit in terms of sharing ideas and experience.

Congruent with philosophy of professional

excellence and best practice of pedagogy, SAAP

strives to create learning environment that is

conducive to transform the thinking pattern of

faculty. In its initiatives SAAP is committed to enrich

the physiology faculties with emerging teaching

skills, practice and pedagogy. The effort is meant to

create an environment of partnership between

education and scholarship which is essential to

prepare the faculty to fiercely compete in neo-

globalized market.

The Executive Council is fully committed to

deliberate the issues and intend to see accelerated

operations during its tenure.

Following are considered as priority agenda in this

regard:

1. See enhanced level of communication and

opportunities with membership of the

constituent societies in order to promote

scientific and research cooperation.

2. Strengthen the academic communication by

adding diversity and increasing frequency of

scientific events.

3. Strengthen the communication through

interactive website, reviving the Newsletter

so as to enhance cohesion amongst the

membership.

4. Seeing a proactive Executive council that

could deliver its best to add value to SAAP

operation and its financial health.

5. Strengthen the communication and

cooperation with FAOPS and IUPS.

We are working proactively to come up to a

mechanism where existence of SAAP in South Asia

could make a distinct difference in near future.

Understanding and cooperation of all concerned is

of paramount importance to see the deliverables

achieved. Professor Savithri S Wimalsekera,

Secretary General with her passion and energy of

higher level can be found more than willing to see

SAAP achieving its goals.

With the revival of SAAP Bulletin we are

reintroducing another forum to see information

dissemination among the membership to make the

exercise professionally rewarding. Achievement of

full dividends is only subject to active participation

and providing interesting and valuable

contributions. I am immensely obliged to Professor

Piyusha Atapattu who kindly consented to offer her

services with deep interest to make the SAAP

Bulletin an informative and vibrant organ of the

SAAP. Editorial Board been reconstituted with two

Assistant Editors representing each country. Terms

of Reference in this is already been shared by

Professor Atapattu and more vigorous contribution

is expected from all concerned. Needless to

mention, that in due course the Newsletter will form

a basis for a peer-reviewed journal from the

platform of SAAP.

Wishing all the best to Professor Piyusha Atapattu

and her team for endeavors and sincere felicitations

to all members of SAAP

Arif Siddiqui PhD President, SAAP Islamabad Former Vice Chancellor, Barrett Hodgson University Karachi, Pakistan E-mail: [email protected]


Message from the Secretary General

SAAP

Professor Savithri Wimalasekera

Dear SAAP members

It is a great pleasure to send you this message for

the revived SAAP bulletin 2019as the Executive

Secretary General of SAAP 2018 - 2020. I have

humbly accepted this great trust to serve SAAP as

best as possible for the next 2 years. It was a great

pleasure and honor to attend the well organised

SAAP VI conference at the University of Lahore,

Lahore, Pakistan in December 2018. It was a

wonderful time of academic collaboration,

interaction and social reunion of a close knit family

that has been bonded for the last 10 years. I

sincerely thank Prof Samina Malik, the conference

organising committee and members of the Pakistan

Physiological Society for a very well organised

conference rich in academics and the warmest of

hospitality.

South Asia has great potential to develop as a

scientific and academic hub of the region. The

region has many similar socio -cultural, religious and

economic commonalities as well as huge diversity.

All aspects of similarities and diversity can be

harnessed for the betterment of its people.

Throughout the world multicultural multiethnic

research and scientific activity are becoming

popular. South Asian physiologists can actively

harness these aspects by engaging in dialogue,

establishing research, academic collaboration and

united actions.

In order to promote these collaborations and

maintain common academic communication

amongst us the SAAP Bulletin would be very useful.

We have a dynamic editor, Professor Piyusha

Atapattu and an editorial committee with

representations from all the SAAP countries. I

sincerely hope the bulletin would activate the much

needed intercultural communication. The

committee has worked hard to provide the material

and updates from each of the physiological societies

from the SAAP member countries. Thus we hope to

launch the online bulletin soon.

Further, the executive council is greatly interested in

developing a new website which is more visible. Dr.

Himansu Waidyasekerais the web master and we

hope we can launch the revamped web site soon as

well.

As the General Secretary I look forward to

maintaining a close collaboration amongst us. I will

be available for personal discussion via e mail,

skype, viber / whatsapp for all academic/

administrative matters. Therefore please feel free

to viber or text me and we can decide a mutually

convenient time for a chat. Thus I look ahead to

another forward moving tenure for SAAP as well as

our respective Physiological societies in the next

several years.

I look forward to working with you during the next

two years for the betterment of physiology and

science in the region.

Professor Savithri Wimalasekera, MBBS, M.Phil., Ph.D. Secretary General SAAP E- mail: [email protected] Mobile/ Viber/ whatsapp : +94777487203


From Editor’s Desk

Professor Piyusha Atapattu

It is my pleasure to be appointed the Editor-in-Chief

of the revived SAAP Bulletin, the official publication

of the South Asian Association of Physiologists after

many years of hibernation.

SAAP is the platform for physiologists in SAARC

countries to showcase their research, exchange new

knowledge and share local news among the

international physiology community. Biennial SAAP

conference held in SAARC countries provides the

opportunity for this every two years. The SAAP

bulletin however offers the prospect of international

exchange of physiology updates and news among a

wider audience, more frequently and in a less formal

manner. Moreover, the SAAP Bulletin would serve

to link the physiology fraternity in the SAARC

countries, enabling multicultural and multiethnic

interactions going beyond physiology.

For the SAAP Bulletin to be a success the SAAP

membership should make active contributions,

regularly. No news will be too small, and no

physiology-related contribution will be unworthy of

the SAAP Bulletin.

I invite all SAAP member physiological societies to

take this opportunity and play a role in enhancing

the quality of the SAAP Bulletin.

Professor Piyusha Atapattu Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Colombo, Sri Lanka E-mail: [email protected]

Editorial Board of the South Asian

Association of Physiologists

(SAAP)

2018-2020

Editor-in-Chief

Professor Piyusha Atapattu

Sri Lanka

[email protected]

Members

Bangladesh

Dr. Shams Ruhani Islam

[email protected]

Dr. Kamol Chandra Das

[email protected]

India

Professor Krishana Ray

[email protected]

Professor NK Chakraborty

[email protected]

Nepal

Dr. Narayan Mahotra

[email protected]

Professor Rita Khadka

[email protected]

Pakistan

Dr. Sadaf Mumtaz

[email protected]

Dr. Arslan Ahmed Uqaili

[email protected]

Sri Lanka

Professor Niranga Devanarayana

Invited nominees from Bhutan

Dr. Karma Tenzin

Dr. Phurpa











News and Events of the Physiological Societies of SAAP Countries

Bangladesh Society of Physiologists (BSP) was

founded in 2006. There are about 400 active

members with postgraduate degrees in medical

Physiology.

BSP is committed to work for the betterment of its

member and flourishing physiology learning. It

forms bridge to facilitate interchange of ideas

among Physiologists of Bangladesh.

BSP promotes undergraduate and postgraduate

studies, exploratory research and other initiatives

for progressing and popularizing Physiology for the

betterment of the community.

BSP organizes a national convention every two

years, conducts scientific sessions, general meeting,

awards ceremony to encourage students,

condolence ceremony for deceased Physiologists

and publishes journals. BSP continuously upgrades

the subject with future plans for establishing

“National Institute of Physiology” in Bangladesh.

BSP is closely working with SAAP and International

Union of Physiological Sciences (IUPS).

The 5th National Convention & Annual General

Meeting of BSP was held on March 1st, 2019, at

Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College, Dhaka.

The Chief Guest was Professor Dr. Muhammad Zafar

Iqbal, Department of Computer Science &

Engineering, Shahjalal University of Science &

Technology. Professor ABM Maksudul Alam,

Principal, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College,

Dhaka was special guest and Senior Eminent

Physiologists Professor KM Fariduddin & Professor

Mosharraf Hossain Molla were the guests of honor.

Bangladesh Society of Physiologists


The seminar was presided over by Professor

Noorzahan Begum, president, BSP. The theme of the

scientific session was “Learn Physiology-Be a Good

Physician”. Professor Hossain Reza, Vice Chancellor,

Khawaja Yunus Ali University, highlighted the

importance of the theme topic in his keynote

presentation.

Lifetime achievement award was endowed to

renowned physiologist late Professor MAHai,

Professor Abdur Rahman Memorial Award &

Professor Nayeema Akhter Memorial Award were

awarded to the highest mark achiever in

1st Professor MBBS & MD Physiology respectively.

Annual general meeting was held and the new

executive committee was appointed.

Professor Rokeya Begum was elected as president

and Professor Nilufar Rahman as Secretary General.

Scientific papers and posters were presented. The

seminar was attended by a large number of

physiologists from different parts of Bangladesh.

Dr. Shams Ruhani Islam

Lecturer (Physiology)

Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College,

Dhaka, Bangladesh.


Recent Activities of the Physiological Society of

Nepal (PSN)

The Physiological Society of Nepal (PSN) has the

vision of uplifting Nepal to the regional and global in

the field of physiology. PSN has set the goal of

organizing regular academic activities at various

levels to establish physiology as an attractive and

active discipline in Nepal. Apart from the regular

conference of the Society, PSN has been

encouraging and actively promoting various

activities related to physiology in various institutions

in Nepal.

Inter-Medical School Physiology Quiz

Inter-Medical School Physiology Quiz, Nepal – 2018

(IMSPQ, Nepal-2018)

The Department of Physiology (Nepal Medical

College, Kathmandu) organized the Inter-Medical

School Physiology Quiz in Nepal Medical College on

12th October, 2018 to celebrate the ‘Physiology

Friday’, an event bolstered by The Physiological

Society, UK (with which PSN has close ties since

early days of PSN establishment). Eighteen teams

from ten medical colleges of the country

participated. Top two teams from two pools each

were selected in the qualifier round; winners were

declared in the final round. All participants were

given certificates, top ranked teams were awarded

with cash prize and souvenir books (‘Guyton and

Hall textbook of medical physiology’ and ‘Ganong’s

review of medical physiology’ – international

editions), and the winner team additionally received

the Professor Tara Man Amatya Trophy (in name of

the present PSN President). The Organizing

Committee consisted of Dr. Ojashwi Nepal

(Chairperson), Rajan Pandit (Organizing Secretary),

and Dr. Mrigendra Amatya (Quiz Coordinator).

Inter-Medical School Physiology Quiz, Nepal – 2019

(IMSPQ, Nepal-2019) was held on 11th October

2019 at the Nepal Medical College, Kathmandu,

Nepal.

Physiological Society of Nepal


The Physiological Society of Sri Lanka (PSSL) fosters

fellowship among the physiologists, and promotes

and supports teaching, research and dissemination

of new knowledge in physiology while contributing

to community development.

PSSL had a successful year in 2019. It conducted 3

major activities during the year, ie: the regional

meeting, Inter-Medical Faculty Physiology Quiz and

the Annual Scientific Sessions. The activities of the

year culminated in the Annual General Meeting, at

which the new council for the year 2020 was

appointed. Year 2019 also brought the demise of

Professor Carlo Fonseka, a much loved physiology

giant in Sri Lanka.

Regional Meeting

The regional meeting was held on 15.03.2019 at the

Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences of the

Rajarata University of Sri Lanka. Led by the Head of

department, Dr. Sujanthi Wickramage, the staff of

the department had organized a scientific

programme of high standard, interspersed with a

well organized social programme. The speakers

were the chief guest Professor Malini Udupihille,

Professor Suneth Agampodi, Dr. Anjana de Silva

spoke and Dr. Lakmali Amarasiri.

Inter-Medical Faculty Physiology Quiz for

Professor Carlo Fonseka Challenge Trophy

The 6th Inter-Medical

Faculty Physiology Quiz

was held on 20th July 2019

at the Faculty of Medicine,

University of Peradeniya.

Medical faculties of 9

universities participated in

the quiz and Wayamba

university participated as

observers.

University of Colombo team emerged winners with

the Universities of Peradeniya and Sri

Jayewardenepura emerging the first and second

runners up respectively.

Physiological Society of Sri Lanka

The winning team – University of Colombo

Quiz teams in action

Prof Malini Udupihille

Dr. Sujanthi Wickramage

Professor Suneth Agampodi Dr. Lakmali Amarasiri


Annual Scientific Sessions of the PSSL

The 32nd Annual Scientific Sessions of the PSSL was

held this year at the Faculty of Medicine, University

of Peradeniya. The theme of the conference was

‘Physiology for Healthy Living’.

On 23rd November, the pre-congress workshop titled

‘An update on investigating the gastrointestinal

tract: high resolution manometry and pH impedance

studies’ organized by Professor Niranga

Devanarayana was held in Colombo to a packed

audience. On the same evening, the K N Seneviratne

oration was delivered by Professor Sudharshani

Wasalathanthri at the Faculty of Medicine Colombo.

At the Annual Scientific Sessions on the 30th

November, President of the PSSL Dr. Indu

Nanayakkara delivered the welcome address. The

Chief guest was Dr. Shanthi Mendis who delivered

the keynote address.

Valentine Basnayake Memorial oration was

delivered by Professor Anoja Fernando, and the ACE

Koch memorial oration was delivered by Professor

Sudheera Kalupahana.

The conference also comprised symposia, free

papers and the presentation by the recipient of the

K N Seneviratne research award 2018 Dr. Chanika

Alahakoon. K N Seneviratne research award for 2019

was received by Dr. Amaranath Karunanayake and

the K N Seneviratne Memorial and for the best

student in Physiology at the Faculty of Medicine

Colombo was received by Mr. MM Manchanayake.

The successful Annual Academic Sessions was

concluded with Professor Dinithi Fernando

delivering the vote of thanks. This was followed by

the Annual General Meeting of the PSSL, where

Professor Niranga Devanarayana was elected the

President of the PSSL for 2020.

Tribute to Professor Carlo Fonseka

Professor Carlo Fonseka (1933-

2019) was a founder member of

the PSSL, and a key figure in the

field of Physiology. He was the

Professor of Physiology of the

Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo and the

Founder Dean of the Faculty of Medicine of the

University of Kelaniya. He obtained his PhD from the

University of Edinburgh and made significant

contribution to physiology research with over 40

publications. He was a much-loved brilliant teacher,

a physiologist and a rationalist, an artist, writer,

popular speaker and a political ideologist. The void

created by the demise of this physiological icon of

Sri Lanka will never be filled.

Professor Anoja Fernando and Dr. Shanthi Mendis

Dr. Indu Nanayakkara with the orators Professor

Wasalathanthri and Professor Kalupahana

Professor Fernando and Professor Devanarayana


Featured Article

Professor Vajira Weerasinghe

Can a fetus hear?

Neurophysiological Evidence for auditory

perception in human and animal fetuses

It is a common belief among pregnant women that a

fetus can hear sound, in particular music. Based on

that thinking, most parents–to-be enjoy playing

songs, talk to the fetus or in the Asian context they

would chant religious sermons expecting a beneficial

effect on the behavior of the baby once born.

Aim of this short review paper is to find out whether

there is a scientific basis for this observation.

It is known that the hearing is the first sensory

system to complete neuronal maturation. It is also

reported that a fetus actively react to music and

other external stimuli. Auditory system becomes

functional at around 24 weeks of gestation. This is

the time when the hair cells of the cochlea, the

axons of the auditory nerve, and the neurons of the

temporal lobe auditory cortex are developed to

receive signals of specific frequencies and

intensities. It is also known that continuous

exposure to loud background noise in the home will

interfere with auditory development and especially

frequency discrimination.

Acoustic nature of the intrauterine environment has

been studied in sheep too. Sheep is considered as a

suitable model to study this subject since sound

attenuation characteristics and the sound

perception are similar to that of humans. In a study

on a sheep model, data about in utero sound

transmission of external sound beyond physiological

noise have been reported. Measurement of acoustic

transmission through the maternal abdominal and

uterine walls was studied using a hydrophone, an

underwater listening device attached under general

anesthesia to the occiput of the fetal head within

the amniotic sac. Results showed frequency

contents above 10 kHz are transmitted into the

amniotic sac and that some frequencies are

attenuated by about 3 dB.

It is evident that the intrauterine environment is

acoustically rich and that a fetus is capable of

hearing and responding to sound in the womb.

In another study, cochlear microphonics were

recorded from the round window of a fetal sheep in

utero when tone bursts (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 kHz) were

delivered through a loudspeaker at high intensities

(100 to 135 dB sound pressure level) to the flank of

the ewe. Results showed that the principal mode of

sound transmission into the fetal inner ear is

through bone conduction.

Delayed auditory brainstem response (ABR) waves

and temporary elevation of ABR thresholds were

recorded in utero from chronically instrumented

fetal sheep prior to and following exposure of

pregnant ewes to intense broadband noise (120 dB

SPL for 16 h). It is concluded that exogenous loud

sounds can penetrate the uterus and result in

alterations of fetal ABR.

The control of outside noise, the exposure to

meaningful speech sounds and music, and the

protection of sleep and sleep cycles, especially rapid

eye movement sleep, are essential for healthy

auditory development.

Sounds in the environment of a pregnant woman

penetrate the tissues and fluids surrounding the


fetal head and stimulate the inner ear through a

bone conduction route. The sounds available to the

fetus are dominated by low-frequency energy,

whereas energy above 0.5 kHz is attenuated by 40

to 50 dB. The fetus easily detects vowels, whereas

consonants, which are higher in frequency and less

intense than vowels, are largely unavailable.

Rhythmic patterns of music are probably detected,

but overtones are missing. A newborn human shows

preference for his/her mother's voice and to musical

pieces to which he/she was previously exposed,

indicating a capacity to learn while in utero. Intense,

sustained noises or impulses produce changes in the

hearing of the fetus and damage inner and outer

hair cells within the cochlea. The damage occurs in

the region of the inner ear that is stimulated by low-

frequency sound energy.

However, there is an opposite view expressed by Dr.

Mellow and his colleagues from New Zealand

suggesting that there is no reason for playing music

or talking to the fetus as babies in utero are in a

"deep sleep" until they are born and they believe

that there are chemicals in the fetus that are

produced by their brain and the placenta that

actively keep it asleep.

Another area where active research has been

undertaken is the effect of instrumentation on the

fetal auditory sensation. Exposure of the fetus to

operating noise of 1.5-T MRI imaging during the

second and third trimesters of pregnancy is not

associated with an increased risk of substantial

neonatal hearing impairment. There is evidence that

fetus can hear ultrasound which brings to the

argument of safety in performing repeated obstetric

ultrasound examination and the well-being of the

fetus. Diagnostic ultrasound is considered to be safe

if proper procedure is followed. In a much quoted

study, it is mentioned that “Fetuses can hear

ultrasound, and the sound is as loud as a subway

train entering the station”. However, subsequent

studies have shown that the risk to human fetuses

when using diagnostic ultrasound appears to be

minimized if ALARA principle is followed, viz. using

the lowest output power consistent with acquiring

the necessary diagnostic information and keeping

the exposure time as low as possible for accurate

diagnosis. NICU environment also carry s risk of

many different sounds affecting fetal hearing.

Long term effects of fetal exposure to sounds have

been studied in a longitudinal study investigating

mother-fetus communicative relationship, where a

questionnaire was given to 58 pregnant mothers in

their sixth to nine month of pregnancy evaluating

the acoustic aspects of mother’s daily life

environment and the quality and the quantity of her

linguistic communication. Later, when the children

of those mothers were ten to eighteen months old,

they were tested with their communicative and

linguistic development. Results indicate that the

frequency of intentional daily mother-fetus linguistic

communication shows an association with the

linguistic understanding and the communicative

actions and gestures of 18-month children. Another

study has shown that the fetal retention of auditory

experience into early postnatal life may contribute

to language acquisition during the first year. There is

no sound evidence that providing extra prenatal

auditory stimulation benefits the developing child.

It could be hypothesized that if a fetus can hear,

he/she should be able to vocalize as well. However,

a study reported in 1991 has shown negative results.

In this study, an estimation of the intensity and

frequency of the voice was made on the assumption

that the fetus can vocalize. However it was

concluded that the voice seemed to be buried in the

noise and difficult to detect.


In conclusion, I wish to quote the recommendation

of the Expert Review Panel on the Physical and

Developmental Environment of the High-Risk Infant

Center, Study Group on Neonatal Intensive Care

Unit (NICU) Sound which says that pregnant

mothers should avoid prolonged exposure to low-

frequency sound levels (<250 Hz) above 65 dB. It

further says that the voice of the mother during

normal daily activities, along with the sounds

produced by her body and those present in her

usual surroundings, is sufficient for normal fetal

auditory development. It further reiterates that the

fetus does not require supplemental stimulation and

the programs to supplement fetal auditory

experience cannot be recommended based on the

current evidence.

References

Abramowicz JS, Kremkow FW & Merz E. Ultrasound

in Obstetrics: Can the fetus hear the ultrasonic wave

and feel the heat? Obstetrical Ultrasound: Can the

Fetus Hear the Wave and Feel the Heat? Ultrasound

in Medicine 2012, 33(3), 215-217.

Feathers S. The Fetus in Utero: The Ability to Hear

and React to Music. An Honors Thesis (HONR 499)

2014, Ball State University, Indiana.

Gélat P, David AL, Haqhenas SR, Henriques J, de

Maisieres AT, White T & Jauniaux E. Evaluation of

fetal exposure to external loud noise using a sheep

model: quantification of in utero acoustic

transmission across the human audio range.

American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology 2019,

221(4), 343.e1–343.e11.

Gerhardt KJ & Abrams RM. Fetal exposures to sound

and vibroacoustic stimulation. Journal of

Perinatology 2000, 20(8), 521-530.

Gerhardt KJ, Huang X, Arrington KE, Meixner K &

Antonelli PJ. Fetal sheep in utero hear through bone

conduction. American Journal of Otolaryngology

1996, 17(6), 374-379.

Graven SN. Sound and the Developing Infant in the

NICU: Conclusions and Recommendations for Care.

Journal of Perinatology 2000, 20, S88–S93.

Graven SN & Browne JV. Auditory Development in

the Fetus and Infant. Newborn and Infant Nursing

Reviews 2008, 8(4), 187-193.

Ishii T, Horiguchi S, Kato T, Waturi N, Hirose M &

Hirota K. If the fetus can vocalize, how can we detect

it? Biol Neonate. 1991;60 Suppl 1:52-61.

Lahav A & Skoe E. An acoustic gap between the NICU

and womb: a potential risk for compromised

neuroplasticity of the auditory system in preterm

infants. Frontiers in Neuroscience 2014, 8. Article

381,1-8.

Moon CM & Fifer WP. Evidence of Transnatal

Auditory Learning. Journal of Perinatology 2000, 20,

S37–S44.

Reeves MJ, Brandreth M, Whitby EH, Hart AR, Paley

MNJ, Griffiths PD & Stevens JC. Neonatal Cochlear

Function: Measurement after exposure to acoustic

noise during in utero MR Imaging. Radiology 2010,

257(3), 802-809.

Prof. Vajira Weerasinghe

Senior Professor of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine,

University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka

E-mail: [email protected]



Down the Memory Lane of SAAP Conferences

First Biennial SAAP conference: Pakistan 14-16 November 2008 at Shifa College of Medicine, Islamabad, Pakistan in conjunction with 11th Biennial Conference of Pakistan Physiological Society.

Third Biennial SAAP conference: Sri Lanka 7-10 December 2012 Colombo Sri Lanka

Second Biennial SAAP conference: India 2010 December at St. John's Medical College, Bangalore

Fourth Biennial SAAP conference: Bangladesh Dec 4-7, 2014, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib

Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Fifth Biennial SAAP conference: Nepal 10-13 November 2016, Kathmandu, Nepal

Sixth Biennial SAAP conference: Pakistan 13-16 December 2018, Lahore, Pakistan


Upcoming Events

7th SAAPCON will be held in Jamia

Hamdard, New Delhi, India

Compiled by Professor Piyusha Atapattu Editor-in Chief, SAAP Bulletin

SAAP Bulletin - the-bsp.org

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