Saab99engineeringfeatures1969 [OCR]

8/10/2019 Saab99engineeringfeatures1969 [OCR]

1/24

UT

O

S L

ES

~

B

V L

VO FI

T

RIS

IOWr

J PA

1

6131


2/24

NEW

C R

SAAB 99

s

the direc

t resul t

of

over te

n

ye

ars automotive re

search and d e v e

lo p -

me n t and

testing. Ten

y ears

of

complete

departure

from traditio

n-bound desig

n

th inking .

During

this period severa l new

c oncepts in autom

otive sty l ing

an d design

came

to life. After

st r inger . t test in

g

and

retesting,

the

b

est

of

these concepts

were

incor

porated

into the dramatically

n e w

SA

AB 99.

SAAB has

always been in the fo

refront

n

the safety f

ie ld. [ts aircraf

t

parentage

made ev e

n the first SA A

B models among

the safest o

n the

roa

ds with

safe t

y de -

tails never before

used in

au t

omotive

design . All

of

SA A

B s safety ex

p erience ,

toge

ther w it

h lessons lea

rned in

the

in-

tensive safety

research condu

cted in re-

cent years ,

has been taken in

to considera

t ion n the d

es ign

of

SAAB 9

9.

Our n e

w 99 s sty l ing s a

unique c

ombi

nation of

design an d

dimensions. Con

ceiv

ed for the world s

growing traffic

problems

, i t was bui

lt

t

o be large and

roomy

on

the inside and

still

comp

act

and

easily

maneuverable

outside.

Th

e overall outside

length s

short. Bu t ,

the

final measuremen

t w a s governed by

the need for ample

room for front and

rear passengers ,

and for

ampl

e t

ru nk

space . The SA AB

99

s

unusually

wide,

giving it tremendo

us stabi

lity an d road-

abi l i ty . It als

o permits three adults

to

r ide comfo

rt ably in the

rear

s

eat.

Th e

streamlined

design, coupled

with a

rare coordina

tion

of

length

and

width ,

give

the

SA

AB 99 a sleek

continenta

l

charac

ter all its own

.

B

ut

there s

a prac -

tical si

de , too . As a true aero

dynamic

body configu

ration, it h

as the lowest pos

-

sibl

e air

d

rag to

improve han

dling

safety

and

m ileage .

Th e

resul t

o

f SAABs decad

e

of

re

search ,

h

owever goes deeper tha

n the n e w

99 s

body. A new front

wheel dr ive en

gine has

more

powe

r. eff ic iency and

dependability

than

most othe

r

power

plants i t

s size.

And

, SAAB s n ew

safety

feature

s surpass

the

m

otoring requireme

nts of al

l 30

countr

ies n w

hich

t

s sold .


3/24

4

BA

SIC

DE

SIG

N P

RINC

IPL

ES

Of c

ourse

SA

AB

99 h

as fro

nt w

heel

driv

e. All

SAAB

's si n

ce t

he first

SA

AB

was

produ

ced

in 195

0

ha

ve

had

front

whe

el driv

e. Th e

engi

ne -

with t

rans

m

ission

- s

still in

f ron

t , ove

r the

d

rive

wh

eels,

for the

ma

ximu

min st

abi l i ty

and

ro

adab i

lity. T

his

config

uratio

n also

a l

lo

ws the

best

use of

the

i

nterio

r spa

ce ,

and it

gives th

e mo

st fa

voura

ble w

eight

d is t r ibut ion.

Th

e l

ocat io

n of th

e ga

s tank

, be tw

een

the

rear w

heels

. has

been r

eta in e

d fo r

safe

ty

r

eason

s.

Start

ing w

ith th

is pro

ven e

ng ine

ering

fou

ndatio

n, th

e SA

AB 99

evolv

ed

i

nto

a

comp

letely

new

auto

mobi

le. La

rger.

Fas t

er ,

and

more lu

xur ou

s than

an

y SAAB

eve

r bui

lt .

T

he

99 w

as de

s igned

to carry

f

ive a

dults

c

omfo

rtably

al l

d

ay

long . M

ax im

um

foot ,

leg

, sho

ulder and

he

ad r

oom we

re am

on g

its

prim

ary de

sign s

pecif i

ca t ion

s . As

an

a

dditio

nal trans

porta

tion

fea t

ure ,

the

S

AAB

9

9 qu

ickly c

hange

s to a

metal

flo

or st

ation

wagon

with

a loa

d

c

apac i

ty

of

a bo ut 30 cu. ft. It s a s imp le

matter

of

f

olding

door th

ru

back

seat .

T

he 9

9, like

all oth

er SA

ABs,

s d

es igne

d

for

depen

dable

mot

oring

i

nSwed

en's

rugge

d nor

dic w

inters

.

Th

e

engin

e , su s

pensi

on , st

eering

, heati

ng ve

ntilati

on s

ys

tem an

d body

are

al l

over-e

ngin

eere

d

to f

ight any

a

utom

obile'

s

w

orst

enem

y,

cold

weath

er.

IN

SH

ORT

TH

IS I

S W

HAT

THE

SAAB DESIGN

G

IVES

Y

OU

P

l

enty o

f

ro

o

m for

five

perso

ns

Co m

pact

ex teri

o r

F

i

rst

cl ass

ridin

g co m

fo rt

Sup e

rb he

a tin g

a

n

d v

e ntil

ati o n

O

u tsta nd

in

g safe

ty

H

igh p

erfo rm

a nce

w it

h goo

d eco

nom y

ro

nt w h

ee l d

ri

v

e

F

ree

wh ee

l

E xce

ll ent

roa d

h o ldin

g

JS

-in ch

w hee

ls

Wid

e

t

ra

c k

Low

ce nt

er o f

grav i

ty

S

id

ew

ind s

ta bi li

ty

L

ow a

i r res

ista n

ce

R

eliabl

e

br

a

kes th

ree

indep

e

n

de

nt

sy s t

em s

G oo

d v is i

o n

R ea rm

o u

nt ed

gas ta

nk

R

oo my

lu gg

age c

o mpa

rtmen

t co

n

v

er-

t

ible r

ea r se

a t fo

r ex tr

a loa

din g

spac e

.


4/24

5

7

EXTE

NSIVE

LY TE

STE

ritis

built e

ngine

fn the

Fall

of

1962

the bas ic e

xterior

desig

n

of

the

SAAB

99

was de

termined

.

Then

came

th

e ques

tion

o

f

the

po

wer

p la

nt.

S

AAB s tu

d ied

m

any

poss ib

ilities in

this

fi

eld, inc lu

d ing am ong

ot

hers the new

Wanke l t

ype ro tary

pisto

n engine .

The

final ch

o ice was

a straigh

t four-cy

linder

engine w

ith ove

rhead camshaf

t. The

British

eng ineer

ing f i rm of R

icardo

Co

E ngine

ers Ltd

built a num

ber of

test

engine

s of this ty

pe whic

h w ere

del ivere

d

to

SA AB in

the Fall of

1963. T

ests at

Trollhat

tan

determi

ned that th

is was the

id ea

l type of

a

po

wer pl

ant for

t

he ne

w

car .

6

8

Th

roughconta

cts

be tween

SA

ABa

nd the

la

rge Bri ti

sh Leyl

and corpora

tion i

t was

discove re

d that both

co

mpanies had

p

lans

f

or similar

engine

types for

the futu

re

and

it was

decid

ed

that

the

two corpo

ra

t

ions wou

ld se e

k to coordin

ate their

eng ine

produc

tion.

Th e t

est

s

tandards

ap

plied by

SAAB

are

extre

mely dem

a nding

- many

series

pro

duced eng

ines

are

contin

ually

sub

je c te

d to a se

vere test

with al ternati

ng

id ling speed

an d

fu ll

throttle

runnig dur

in

g a perio

d of 40 0

hours

5) .

N

o v

alve

ad

justment

s must

be necess

a ry duri

ng th is

te s

t , for exam

ple wh

ich rev

eals th

e

ru

n

n

ing re l ia

bi l i ty an d

l i fe t im

e

of

th

een

g

ines.

The

fir

st drivin

g test of

a

h

andma

de

pr

ototype

of the

new ca

r tookplace

in

Jun

eof

1965 .

Secre t ly

and well

disguise

d ,

the

car

was t

ested du

ring the

summe

r

of

1965

both

in

Sweden and

on

the

E

uropean

con

tinent.

fn Januar

y

of

19 6

6 a coupl

e

of oth

er

SAAB 99

cars w er

e sent fo

r

g ru

el l ing win

ter dri

ving , in

tempera

tures

as

low as -4

5 degre

es Cen

tigrade

-

49F) .

During the

w h o le

t ime,

supplem

entary

tests were

carrie

d

out

in

the

SAA

B labo

ra torie s

- exam

inations

of

the c

old

starting

characte

risticsof

the carbure

tor

the func t ion

of

the eng ine

and

the way

it ra nat

id l ing

speed

and how f

ast the

passe

nge r co m

partmen

t war

med up w h

en

the car

wass

tarted a n

run at

-20 de

gre es

C (-4 F

. Also s

ubjected

t

o sever

e

te s

ts were s

uch co

mponent

s in the car

as ,

for exam

ple , th

e

han

d

brake m ech

a

nis m

7), t

he rear ax

le

a

nd

the suspen

s

t0 n.


5/24

2

Free f

all and f

rontal c

ollisions

T

heste

el body of

the

car in c lu d

es s tr ong

windsh i

eld pil lar

profiles

, rein fo r

ced

d

oor

thresho

lds an

d side mem

bersa

ble to

stand u

to late

ral impa

ct - fa c

tors

which

all ensur

e

th

at th

e passen

ger com-

partm

ent re main

s in tact

even in

case

of

a seve

re co llis

ion. This

has bee

n verified

in real

ly tough

tests w h

ich inclu

ded

dropp

ing test

car s o

nto a con

crete f loo

r

fro m

a heig h

t

of

near

ly seven

feet 8 ,

10).

T h i

s results

in consid

erab le i

mpact w

hen

th e

body hi

ts the fl o

o r

a

t a s

peedo

f

about

14mi

les per hour

bu t

the roo

f

an

d

the pillar

s stand up

to it.

fn order

to find out

w heth

er the ne

w

S

A A B car

sa tisfie

d thesaf

ety dem

ands

in the c

ase of a

frontal c

ollis ion,

several

crashte s

ts were arr

anged

so that

the car

ra nin t

o a conc

rete ba

rrier at a s

peedo

f

30 mile

s per ho

ur

The S

A A B 99

has also

be en

put throu

gh

shak

e bench

tests (6)

which ar

e

a

mong

13

the w or

st a c

ar can be s

ubjecte d

to - it

is run

until som

ethin g

brakes.

During

this test

the c

ar is fully l

oaded and

weig h

s

about

3 ,30 0 pound

s .

The st

r ength

of th ebo

dy w as a

lso te sted

by m

easuring

the tens

ions in th

e str uc

tu re and

no t ing

how it

was st re

t ched

w hen

heavily

loaded i

n var i ous

w ays (9

).

Acidb

ath sh ow

s resista

nce to c

orrosion

Of

course

the car

was sub j

ectedto

fur

ther che

cks on t

he

S

AAB

te st tra

cks at

Trollhattan

, w hi ch inc lu de all ty pes

of

surface

s ca lcula

ted to su

bject th

e su spen

si on, b

ody rigi

dity, sho

ck abso

rbersan

d

th e en t

i re car t

o maxi

mum stres

ses (11

12 .

Jn ord

er to

measure

eventual

rusting,

the

car h

as been

driven

throug

h

e

xt rem ely

corr

osive ba

ths made

up of a

cet icaci

d

and road

sal t (13).

U

nique t

ests p

rivate d

riversco

n-

tributed

Th

e SAAB

99 mad

e its pub l

ic bow i

n

ov

em ber 1

967 - b

efore the

final te

st

dr i

vings ha

d been c

o m p leted

- in

order

to

make i

t possibl

e to carry

out re a

listic

te

sts qui t

e open ly

on the Sw

edish ro

ads.

T

est ing h

as been

carried out

bySA

AB

test driv

ers but ,

in additio

n toth i

s, a

large

numbe

r

of

cars w e

re a lloca

ted to

ord

inary m otor

is t s all o

ver S w ed

en wit h

the righ

t to use

the SAA

B 99 car

s in the i r

daily w ork andwiththe ob ligation to

se nd

in regu la

r reports

to SAA

B con

cernin

g all th e

ir observ

at ions.

The

ob jecti

ve of th i

s long and

ex tens

ive

testi

ng program

me h

as been

to m ake

it

poss

ible for

the SAA

B com

pany to pr

e

sen

t the

c us

to m ers w

ith the

SA A B 99

as

a car

in a

fully dev

eloped c

ondi t ion

w

ithout

any teeth

ing trou

bles .


6/24


7/24

2

3

sh ield

washer

s

operated e l ec tr ical ly .

Wiper arms are

m

ade

of d

ull fin ish me

tal.

The re

ar-v iew mi

rrors

a

re de sig n ed

to

give

the driver

a

clear undistorted

view

a

nd are mad

e to

b

reak of fon imp

act.

Wide d

oors sa fety l

ocks

The

doors are w

i e

enou

gh t

o

allow for

easy

entering and exiting.

The

d

oor

width

s 37.8 in.

and

the

doors

have an

open

ing an g l e

of 60 degrees .

The

door opening co n

tour s recessed

at

the lo

wer

end

-

instead

of

fo l l o win g

the

l o we

r ou t

er

edge of

the body

it fo

rms

a d eep

cut-out

and

ru n

s clos

et o the

sill

beam.

Th edoor

locksare

of

course

of

th

e

sa

fety

type a

nd equipped

with heavy

ove

rlapping

at st r ik i

n g pla te so

they

can

not com

e

o

pen even at heav

y

c

olli

sion

impact.

Good lighting

SA

AB

99

has

dual

headlight

s. Adjust

ment

s

crews for

the he

adlights

are ea

sy

2

2

2

4

to

reach

from

in s

ide

the engine compart

ment. Automatic

back

up

l ights

and blin

ke rs that

can also be used a

s warning

f lashers are

part

of

the

standard

eq

uip-

ment.

The

head

lights

are

automatically

swit

ched off

with

the ign i t ion

current .

1

4 The

S

AAB 99 is de

signed to g ive

low

air resistance

and to be

roomy

in s

ide

compact outside.

1

5 16. Glass ure

as are lar ge

and the

pillars th in .

The w indshield is

manufac

tured of hig

h impac t lamina t

ed glass. It is

w idely cur

ved while the fu

l l-width rea r

windo

w

is

a lmos t flat.

17 18.

Wide doors

and open ings that

form

cut-outs at the

lower

body

ed g

es

allo

w for easy en teri

ng an

d

exit ing .

19.

The h

ood

is stam

ped

in

one pi ece

with the u

pper parts of the

front fenders.

r opens

from th e rear fo r

safety and

srands

up vertically in fr

ont of the gr i

e

making the engine

compartment com

plet

ely accessible fro

m bothsides.

20.

The safety-typ

e

d

oor loc ks can wi

th

s

tand severe loads.

21 22. SAAB

99 hasdual hea

dlights.

The

rear lig

ht assem blies incl

ude re ar

lights backup

lights b rake l ight

s blinkers

andreflector

s . S ide mark

er

l

amps are

st andard.

Bumper overrider

s have rubber

in serts.

23.

To fu l ly utilize the

body w idth

and

also

to give clean surf

aces the SAAB 9

9

has

no convention

l waist line.

24. SA

AB99 has 1

5-inch w heels

and

r

adial ply tires. Sp

lash guards

and tow ing

hoo

ks

are part of

the s tandard eq

uip

ment.


8/24


9/24

8

30

3

Also a

part

of the SAAB 99 safety equip

ment

are

the unique full visibility head

rests (30) designed to protect driver

and front seat passenger

at

impact, while

a lso allowing full visibility in all direc

tions for both front and back seat riders.

The doughnut shaped headrests are ma-

nu

fa

ctured of steel tubing with a pro

tective padding.

An a utomatically locked latch keeps the

back rest firmly in position during driv

ing, but can be easily released to allow

backseat passengers to get in or out .

All window frames

are

covered with im

pact absorbing upholstery.

The

soft metal

instrument panel will give at impact and

is covered with padding on top. All seats

a re securely fastened to the body, and

the upper edges of the front seats

are

padded with foam

pl

astic.

The three-point safety belts for the front

seats are easily adjustable.

The

back seat

has lap-type belts.

9

3

33

S B

99 inside dimensions

61

,

H 63,

34,

51,

L 7

L 17 ,

40,

Effective head room, front seat .

.

. .

. . . .

..

.

Effective

head room,

rear

seat

.

.

.

.

Max. effective front leg

room

- accelerator . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .

Min. effective rear leg room . . . . . . .

Steering wheel to torsoline . .. . . . . . . . . . .

Point travel (seat adjustment) .

.. . . .

Front

seat

back

angle .

.

. .

..

..

.

.

.

Adjustable from 12 to 40 and from 45 to 68)

38.4 in.

37.7 in.

39.l in.

36.9 in.

13 .0 in.

6.3

in .

20

W 5,

Front

hip room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.9 in.

W

6

Rear hip

room

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.4 in.

W 3,

Front shoulder room

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.2 in.

W 4,

Rear

shoulder

room

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.2 in.

WE ,

Elbow room

rear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.9 in.

(All measurements with the front seat in the lowest

and

rearmost position -

SAE

paper 662A)


10/24

34

5

7

IN

STRU

MENT

TIO

N ND

CONTROLS

Sa

fety das

h

The

SAAB 99

dash board

is constru

cted

of

thin meta

l , so it

can give on

i m p a c

t .

The

up

per

par t of

it

is

uph

olstered

with

im pac t a

bsorbing

cel lular

plastic.

Easy to read instruments

n

a black

, non- g l

are

in

strumen

t cl

uster

-

direct l

y in fron

t

of

th

e

dr iver -

are

t h r ee round

ins

tr um ents

34 , 40 )

: speed

om

et er

plus tw

o

com

bination

ga

uges . Th e

left h

a nd combina

tion

dial c

ontains the

fuel

gauge w

ith a w

arning li g

ht to adv

ice

the

dr iver

when he

is

runn

ing

s

hort

of

f

uel ,

an

d

a

tem

per

a

tu

re ga

uge.

n

the

8

center

is th

e speed

ometer w

hich has

easy

to-rea

d

whi te f i

gures on

a black

back

gro

und a

nd is gra

duated

to l I0

m ph. t

also

contains

an

od

ometer.

Th e

r ight

hand

dial contain

s

indicatio

n lights f

or

h ig

h

be

am an

d blin

kers ,

an

dwa

rning

li

ghts for

low oil p

ressure ,

loss of bat t

ery

char

ge ,

pul led han

dbrake

as wel

l s a

large r

ed l am p

to

ale

rt the

driv

er

to

any

possib

le

bra

ke

line fai l

u re , by i

n dicat ing

if th

e

bra

ke

pedal ha

s to be

pushed

deeper

than normal

before neces sary

brake

ef

fect is re

ached .

Sa fety b

elt s

SAAB

99 h

as three

-point safety

belt

s for

the

f ront s

eats.

The

y are

ea

sy to opera

te

and

sepa

rately adjusta

ble

for

th

e l

ap

an

d

ches t se

ctions. The

back

seat is equippe

d

with

lap bel t

s.

6

3

9

Ea

sy to re

ach con

tr ols

W

earing his

safety b

elt ,

th

e d

r iver can

easily

reach a

ll contr

ols on

th

e

dash and

on

the

s te

e r ing co lumn

.

On the le

ft

h

and s

ide of the

dash are

the

cold start

device

choke) and

the

head

light swi

tc h . Th e

headl igh

ts

ar

e co

nnec ted

with the

igni t i

on lock

so that

there is no

risk of

leavin

g the

car

with

th

e

head

ligh

ts on.

fn the in

strument

c l

us ter , d i

rect ly in

front

of

the d r ive

r 40), is

a rheost

t con

trol for the

in

strument

il

lum ina t i

on .

Th

e

kno

b can

also

be pulled

out

to turn

on

the p

arking li

ghts, reg

ardless of

whethe

r

th

e i

gni t ion is

on or

off. To the

left of

thespeed

ometer

is the wa

rning

f lash

er

sw

itch -

with a b

uilt -in i

ndicator

light.


11/24

40

4

44

On the

dashboard

, to the right

of

the

driver, are the switch for the two-speed

fresh -air fan ,

the

electric clock 42) and

the cigarette lighter 45). Below

the

clock

a re the

controls

for heating

and

defros

ter.

On the steering column, to the left

of

the

wheel 35) , is a lever for operating the

blinkers and to switch from low to high

beam.

At the

right

of

the column

36),

another

lever

operates

windshield wipers and

washer, as well as the signal horn.

The

windshield washer will work in two posi

tions: if you bring

the

lever

downward,

you get

both

washing and top speed of the

wipers; if you

move the

lever away

from

the driver, washer will

work

without any

wiping.

42

45

~ ~

'

l NZU

All controls are clearly marked with ex

planatory symbols.

fn a console between the

front

seats 38)

are located

the combi

ned ignition and

gear shift lock, the gear shift lever 39),

the free wheel control lever,

and

controls

for the

rear seat heating and rear window

defroster. Also placed between

the

front

seats

is the

hand brake lever. The ignition

lock

is illuminated, and the

key is

rub

ber covered.

To

the left , under

the

dashboard, is the

handle to release the hood lock 41).

The control pedals 37) are suspended

from

above

American

style) with large,

nonslip pads.

There are two

ash

trays

in the

ca r

,

one

on the dashboard 44) and one for the

rear seat passengers 46).

4

46

Two speed windshield wipers -

electric washer

The windshield wipers have a two-speed

motor,

and wiper blades are designed to

maintain

constant

pressure

on

the

wind

shield even

during

high speed driving.

The electric windshield washer is

of

the

high-capacity

type

with a container for

three pints of washer liquid .


12/24

7

8

5

HEAT

ING AN

VENTILATION

T

he hea tin

g and ve

nti lat ion

system

in the

S

A A B 99

is really o

utstandi

ng (47).

t has

a veryh

igh capac

ity and

include

s such

featu re

s as separ

ate ou t

lets for th

e rear

passen

ger

co

mpartm

ent

and a

t hermo

sta

t ically c

ont ro l l ed

heat er .

Effectiv

e air ex

change

ir is c

i rculated

throug

hout

th ep

asseng e

r

space. f

t enters

- co ldor

hot -

throug

h

theh

eater ou

tlets, and

is e vac

ua t ed

throu

gh ope

nings in

the rear

wi ndow

pil

lars to ve

nts in the

body

sides (49

, 50).

The

locati

on of the

ventsh

as been

wind

t

unnel te

sted to

attain the

best suc

tion,

and

to

avo i d a

ny possib

il i ty of

a reverse

flowo

f exhaust

fumes

in heavy

side

w

inds.

9

52

In divid

ual hea t

c on trol

s for fro

nt

and ba

ck

Both fro

n t andr

ear sea t

passenge

rs get

w

armair

throug

h separa

te ou tle

ts in the

floor ,

and back

sea tpa

ssengers

can

per

sona

l ly adju s

t

t

he air

flow to th

e

re

ar

outle

ts 4 7, 51

). Thef

resh ai r

in take is

lo

cated ju

st in f ro n

t of th

e windsh ie

ld

(4

8). Du

ring regu

lar h ighw

ay dr iv i

ng, the

speed is

enough t

o forcep

lenty of

air in to

th

e sy ste

m . A t lo

wer sp ee

ds, a tw

o-speed

electri

c fan wi

ll forcei

n the a ir

. The fa

n

(48 ) can be ad j usted for

summer

us e ,

a nd

will then

increas

e the fre

sh-ai r fl

ow

into th

e

car

bysom

e 30

.

Defr

oste rfo

r windsh

ie ld sid

e and re

ar

win d

ow s

T

wo

l arge de

froster o

pening s

above

the

das

h keep

the w in ds

hield cle

ar. Defros-

te r

s

a

re loc

ated sothat

thea

i rs t ream

can

so

53

reach

all par t s

of the w

indshield

.

Thro

ugh

openi

ngs in the

doors

(53), warm

ai r is

dire

cted tothe

side w

indow s.

Warm

a

ir

-

or cold

- is a lso

forced

through

ca

na

ls an dh

oses to o

ut let s at

the rea r

win

do

w (49 )

to al low

clear vis

ion throug

h

t

h i s wind

ow, to o .

The airs

treamto

wind

shieldand

si de w

indow

def ros te

r out lets

canb

e adju st

ed witha

separat

e dash

b

oard

con t ro

l (52).

The airflow

to the

r

ear w

indow

out le ts

is adju st

ed wi th

a

le

ver betw

een the

f ront se

ats 51 ).

E x t

ra cold

-a ir outl

ets

T

he dashb

oard a lso

h

as tw o

addi t i on

a l

a

ir out let

s for co l

d air .

ir flow ca

n be

ad

justed in

depende

ntly

of the hea

ting sys

tem and

can b

e d i rec te

d to w he

re it is

neede

d. t lo

wer sp ee

ds the h

eat i ng fa

n

ca

nb

e used t

o force c

ool airt

hrough

the

se ou tle

ts (53).


13/24

7

58

B G G G E

N

D C RGO

SP CE

Ro om y

luggage compa

rtment

The SAAB

99

trunk capacityis 12.3 cubic

fee

t , m ea sured a

cco

rding

to

SAE

s ta

n

dards.

The spare t i re

is

placed a

gainst

the

re ar

edge

of the trunk for easy accessi b

i

lity 54

).

t

is

covered

w

ith protective

material

and

can

be used

as a su

pport

,

when hea

vy loads have to b e

removed

f rom the

trunk. To

ols an

d

other acces

sories a

re

pl

aced in a

covered compar

t-

ment

near the rear edge

of the trunk

T

he

~ r u n lid

is

spr ing

balanced

and

a li

ght

s

automatically

tu rned

on when the

trunk

is

op

ened .

S

emi Station W a

gon

The baggage space

can easily be inc re a

s

ed by a s i

m ple re loca t ion

of

the

rear

seat.

The

e ~ i n g

pad

of the bac

k

seat

is

folded fo

rward to res t

on

it

s front edge

behind

the

fro

nt seats 57, 58) . A

l tch

on

the rea r deck

is

re le a

sed

and the back

re st

is folded forward

reveal ing a m

etal

covered

f l

oor an

d

a

caverno

us cargo

space w

hich

together

w it

h the

regular

trunk

sp ace has a fla t f loo r 69 inches

l

ong. Th

e

full

car

go

f loor

capacity 56,

59) is 5 inches w ide

43

in . at

the

w h

eel

wells). A

s a semi -

station w

agon the

SAAB

9

9 has

23 square feet

of cargo

space, w i

th a practical

payload

capacity

of 800

pounds .

SAAB

99 is also d es ig

ned so tha

t

a

trail

er

h

itch c

an

b e easily

attac

hed

6

9


14/24

60

61

ENGINE

ND

TR NSMISS IO

SAAB

99 has a mo

dern

en

gine thatis

ag

ile.

and

still tough. T

housands of

test

hours

under themost

adverse load and

temperature conditio

ns have proven

its

d

ependability

as well as its suitabili

ty for

the size

and weight

o

f thec

ar. It has an

overhead chain

driven camshaft

.

The

cranksh

aft rides on five m

ain bea r ings

for s t reng t

h and balance. The

clutch has

been pla

ced at the front of

the eng ine

fo r

maximum cooling and

ready acc e

ssi

bi lity

. Power

is

carried

f

rom the clu

tch

by

a primary ge

ar

to th

e transmission

and

different ia l. B

oth are located belo

w

an

d to the s

ide of the en gin e

.

ec

ause of

the location of t

he clutch and

t ransmis

sion, m ost of t

he usual compact car

t ransm i

ss ion noise is kept o

ut

of

the pas

se

nge r

com

partment.

62

The

powerplan

t

is

des igned by t

he

e

n

gineering f i rm of Ric

ardo C o .,

Engi

neers Ltd . in Great

Brita in, manufa

ctur

ed by Standard-

Triumph, an

d

thorou

ghly

tested by S

AAB.

The

engine

is

a straigh

t four-cylinder

unit with a displ

acement of 105

cubic

i

nches. Maximum o

utput

is

87 hor

se

power, SA

E,

at

5,500 rpm . The engi

ne

has very go

od hard pull charac

teristics

- the torque is

higher th an

75 lb . ft. ov

er

a la rg e sp

eed range (from

about 1,00 0 to

5, 000

rpm). Maximum tor

que

is

98 lb. ft

at

3.000 rpm .

The

mod

ern design is exem

plif ied by the

bore and

stroke which is 3

.29 in., and

3 .07 in

. respectively. The

engine

is

thu s

so m e

w h

a

t

ove

r

square .

The

specific

effect

is

only

51

b

hp., SAE, per 1,0

00 cc.

c

ylinder volu m e.

Tt

is

by no means

a

super tuned

sports

c

ar engin

e, but ins tead

a tough a

nd still ag i le work

horse.

Th e

fu e

l consumption,

according to th

e

DIN

stand

ards co n

sumption pl us 10%

at

half

load a nd

constant speed, equals 3

/4

of

the top speed) is 26

mpg.

To

p sp

eed

is

about 95 mph .

Ac

celeration ,0 62

mph

i

s 14 .5

seconds , and the q

uarter mile

-

0 to 400 m)

i

s rea

ched

in

20 seconds

.


15/24


16/24

6

6

66

Co m

pact dr

ive train

The g

ear box

and final

gear i

the

SAAB

are

placed un

der th

e engine

and

m ounted

together

with th

e engine

into

one com

pact un

it. This

arrange

ment

saves space and helps give the ideal

di

stributio

n of wei

ght betw

een the

c

ar s

f

ront a nd

rear wh

eels . Ev

en t hough

the

transmis

sio n a nd

the engi

ne are

in

one

unit (6

0 , 63, 64)

, they ha

ve comp

letely

indepe

ndent lu

bricat ing

systems

.

The

transm

ission h

as a com

bined sp

lash

and

circu

lat ion lu

bricat ion

system.

The

cro

wn

w

heel o

f

th

e final g

ear pu

mps oil i

nto a

c

anal lead

ing

to the gearbo

x and

the pri-

6

67

ma

ry gear.

Thr

oughother

ca

nals , t

he

o

i

l

returns

to the fi

nal gear.

Cool ing

fi

ns,

both inside a

nd outs id

e the ge

ar

b

ox hous

ing

6 7) , keep th

e gea r bo

x oil

at

prope

r

opera t

ing

temp

eratures.

Short

sp orty g

ear shif

t

SA

AB 99 h

as a sho

rt , sport

y floor

mounted

gear shif

t in a co

nsole be

tween

the fron

t seats. A

s the le

ver direc

tly

moves

the gear s

hifting f

orks, sh i

fting

only req

uires sh

ort t h row

s into d

istinct

positio

ns.

T

he

f

our

forw

ard gea

rs have

effe

ctive an

d fast w orking lock synchro

mesh

.

Th

e

fo

urth gea

r i

s

a dir

ect gear.

Perm

anently

lubrica

te d driv

e joints

Each drive sh

aft has t

w o joints

(69), t

he

oute

r

of

Rze

ppa const

ant-veloc

i ty type.

Both

inner

a

nd ou

ter joints

are perma

-

nen

tly lubr

icated

and

norma

lly need

no

ma

intenan

ce

Alter

na tor

SAAB

99 has a

1

2

volt

electrica

l system

with a

battery

capaci ty

of

60 am

p. hours

.

t has an alternatort hat charges already

at

id

ling spee

ds, a nd

has a m a

x i m um

cha

rging eff

ect

of

42

0 watts.

The

alte

rna

t

or

allows

the use

o

f

low b

eam head

li

ghts ev e

n at the

slowest s

peeds w

ithout

a ny risk

for loss

of

charg

e in the

bat tery .

The

1

hpstarting

moto

r

,

together

with

the a

lternato

r and the

la

rge bat

tery, gua

rantee s

ure cold

wea ther

starts.


17/24

68

69

7

SUSPENSION

Smooth ride anti-dive suspension

geometry

Through long, practical experiments,

springs and shock absorbers in SAAB

have become perfectly balanced with the

result that the car can offer an excellent

combination of smooth riding comfort

and fine road holding.

The suspension

geometry

(68)

is such

that the

car

has almost no nose dive ten

dencies

at hard

braking,

or

rear end dive

tendencies at

hard

accelerating.

Wide track and low unsprung weight

All wheels have coil springs

and double

acting tubular shock

absorbers

(69, 70).

The

swinging

arms

in

the front end

sus

pension mechanism have rubber mount-

ings,

and the

steering knuckle housings

are attached with permanently lubricated

ball joints. The entire

front

end assembly

is completely maintenance free.

G

0

-------------------

70

7

The

unusua lly wide

track

(54.7 inches

front , 55 .1 inches rear), in

combination

with the widely placed springs

and

shock

a bsorbers, also helps give the car good

sideways stability.

There

a re no

separate

stabilizers, which

allows for a

more

comfortable suspen

sion,

and

less risk for wheel spin during

hard

driving on

sharp

corners.

The rea r wheels

are constantly

parallel,

thanks to the light but stable tubular

rear

axle.

There

are no changes in the track

width or variances in the wheel angles,

as can

happen

, for instance, in cars

with

pendulum axles.

The

front wheel drive

also

avo

ids

any

problems

with

heavy

drive train

components

that

can

increase

the

unsprung weight

and

lessen the road

holding ability on rough roads.

Well steered rear axle

The rear wheels

are

mounted on a

straight ax le controlled vertically

by

two

pairs of arms, one forward

and

one back-

\

ward (70).

The

coil springs are set be

tween

the

lower arms

and the

seats in the

body ,

along

with the

shock

absorbers.

The

rearward directed

upper ar

ms

absorb,

together with

the

lower arms, all

longitudinal forces, as well as the brake

forces . Sideward forces are absorbed

through

a long cross beam.

The

rear axle

is thus very well directed , so well, as a

matter of fact , that the car s road hold

ing abilities are hardly affected at all by

changes in load inside the car.

Built for radials

The

SAAB

suspension is designed for

the use of radial ply tires,

and

the swing

arm rubber

mountings

are

balanced to

insulate against

the

vibrations

that

the

radial tires can cause when driving on

rough

stone pavements

or over joints in

concrete

roads.

Radial

ply tires size 55

,SR 15

are part

of the standard equip

ment.


18/24

73

7

ST

R

IN

G

Pr

ov

en

ra

ck

an

d p

in

ion

ty

pe

T

he

r

ack

-a

nd -

pin

io

n s

tee

ri n

g is

b

asic

all

y

of

th

e sa

me

t

im e

te

ste

d t

yp

e a

s th

at

us

ed

o

n

oth

er S

AA

B

m

ode

ls .

It

is a

st

abl

e d

e

si

gn

tha

t w

or

ks

wi

tho

ut

an

y s

l ipp

ag

e a

nd

w

ith

m

in im

a

l sw

in

g a

ctio

n

of

it s

ow

n.

T

hi

s a

ll o

ws

SA

AB

9

9 t

o r

eac

t q

uic

kly

and

p

re c

is el

y t

o

an

y s t

ee r

ing

w

he e

l tu

rn

s.

T

he

s

te e

ri n

g r

a tio

is

su

ch

th

at t

he

c

ar

s

ea

sy

to

par

k ,

eve

n

in

na

rro

w s

pa c

es.

F

ul

l

fr

ont

w

he e

l s

win

g r

eq

uir

es

_Vi

fu

ll

tur

ns

o

f t

he

s te

erin

g

wh

ee l

.

T

he

tu

rn i

ng

di

am

ete

r -

3

3.8

f e

et -

also

hel

ps

ma

ke

S A

A

B9

9 a

ve

ry

e a

sy c

ar

to

pa

rk.

Ste

er

ing

fo

r s

tab

ili

ty

M

a

ny f

ac t

o rs

c

on

tr ib

ut

e to

m

ak

e th

e

st

eer

in g

c

ha

rac

ter

tic

s r

ela

tiv

ely

u

naf

-

f

ec te

d

by

o

ute

r fo

rc e

s. Th

e

ti

e ro

ds

are

75

p

la

ced

so

t

ha t

th e

c

ar

s sp

r in

gin

g

act

ion

wi

ll

onl

yv

ery

sl

ig h

tl y

a

ffe

ct

the

st e

erin

g

mo

tio

ns

.

T

he

d r

ive

r d

oe

s n

ot

ha

ve

to

c

om

pe

nsa

te

fo r

a

ny

ro u

gh

n es

s in

t

he

ro

ad

.Th

e

ca

rw

ill

sta

yo

n

cou

rs

e.

Th

ro

ws

f

ro m

roa

d o

bst

ac l

es w

i ll

no

t be

tr a

ns

m it

te d

to

th

e s

te e

ri n

g w

he

el,

t h

a nk

s

to

th e

fa

ct t

hat

t

he

st e

eri

ng

as s

em

bly

is

sec

u r

ely

r

ubb

er

mo

un

ted

to

t h

e b

od

y.

Th

e f

ro

nt e

nd

d

es i g

n

isa

ls o

su

ch

th

at

ch

an

ges

in

ac

ce l

er

t

ion w

ill

no

t

af f

ect

the

s t

ee r

in g

. A

br

ake

l

in e

fa

il u

re

an

d re

su

lt

in

g

los

s o

f b

rak

e p

ow

er

on

tw

o

wh

eel

s

w

ill

a ls

o

le a

ve

the

s t

ee r

in g

a

lmo

st

un

af-

f

ect

ed,

a

nd

the

car

w

ill

re

ma

in

on

th e

ri ght course.

S

AA

B

99

iss

li g

htl

y u

nde

rst

ee

red

th

ro

ug

h

th

e e

n t

ire

spe

ed

ra

ng

e. T

he

ca

r i

s d

e

s

ig n

ed

w i

th

th is

c

ha

rac

te ri

st ic

, a

s t

h is

h

elp

s

the

s ta

bi

li ty

a n

d

le ss

en

s th

e

ri sk

fo

r

rea

r w

he

el

sk id

s.

Th

e u

nd

ers

te e

rin

g ,

wh

ic h

is

ve

ry

m

ode

ra

te ,h

as

be

en

at

ta in

ed

th

rou

gh

, am

on

g

oth

er

de

tai

ls ,

the

w

eig

ht

d i

s tr

ibu

tio

n .

Th

e9

9s

ex

tre

me

ly

goo

d

si d

ewi

nd

s ta

bil

it y

i

sa

ls o

, to

so

me

e

xte

nt,

a r

esu

lt

of

the

fa c

t

tha

t

a

bo

ut

6

p

erc

ent

o

f t

he

c

ar

s to

ta l

w

eig

ht i

s c

arr

ie d

by

th

e f

ron

t

whe

els

.

A

no

the

r co

nt

rib

uti

ng

fac

tor

is

th

e b

od

y

st

yl in

g .

Sa

fe t

y s

tee

r

g

col

um

n

Th

e s

te e

ri n

g

gea

r is

pl

ace

d f

ar

ba

ck

in

th

e e

ngi

ne c

om

pa

rtm

e

nt

an

d is

w

ell

p ro

te

c te

d b

y t

he

en

gin

e, s

o th

at

a

ve

ry

hea

vy

f r

on t

-en

d

im

pac

t is

re

qu

ir e

d t

o d

is lo

ca

te

it

. Tw

o

jo

in t

s in

th

e s

te e

ri n

g c

ol

um

n (

73)

ar

e

des

ig n

ed

t o

g i

ve a

t h

eav

y

im

pac

t ,

an

d

t

he

sh

af t it self

is

mounted so

that

it will

bre

ak

aw

ay

fr

om

th

eb

od

y f

ast

eni

ng

s

a n

d b

en

d

ou t

of

the

w

ay o

f

h

arm

. n

ad

di

ti on

, t

he

co

lum

n

ist

e le

sco

pi

c an

d

can

b

e c

om

pre

sse

d a

t a

n

imp

ac

t. T

hi

s c

on

s

tru

ctio

n ,

tog

et

her

w

it h

th

e sa

fe

ty t

yp

e

st

eer

in g

w

hee

l (

74,

75

), i

s d

esi

gne

d

to g

ive

th e

ul

tim

ate

in

pr

ote

cti

on fo

r t

he

dri

ver

in

cas

e

of a

n

id e

nt.


19/24

7

77

B

R K E

S

D

isc brak

es all ar

ou nd

SAA

B 99

has disc bra

kes

on

al

l

four

wheels

.

The br

aking act

ion is

a

lways

even w

ith

power di rec tly

i n p

roportio

n

to

pedal pressur

e . To re

ach ful l

bra

ke

power

wit

hout to

o

heavy

pedal p re

ssure ,

S B 99

has a di

rect acti

ng p

ow er as

si st

of the

vacuum type.

For

safety

rea

so ns

, the po

wer assist

action

is rath

er

mode

rate so

that full

braking

ac

tion can

be

at tai

ned

eve

n if

the

power

as

s is t for

som e r

eason w o

uld be

out

of

co

m m i s

sion.

The

brakes

have ex

tra

heat

r

es is tant

pads to

m in im iz

e fade, e

ven

und

er the

w

ors t br

aking co n

di t ions ,

such

as mou

n-

ta in

ous d r iv

ing with

full

vacat i

on

load

s .

8

Front

wheel ha ndbrake

SAAB 99 h

as a ha

ndbrake

that

work

s

on th

e

front

wheels.

Th e

front end

ac tion

m ean

s that

the hand

brake

can.g ive up

to

50 %

of

the

to

ta l foot

bra

ke

sy

s tem

effect ,

and

it

can

thus b

e used

as a

very e

ffect ive

emerge

ncy brake

. An d

,

s ince

the

front w

heels

are

braked

whi le

the

rear wheels r

oll freely

,

the

ri s

k fo r

s ideway

skids h a

s been e

l im ina ted

, a lso in

this ins ta

nce.

Th e front w

heel

actio

n

of

th

e

ha n

dbrake (76

, 78)

is

a

lso a

great

as

sist to a

dr ive r u

sing

thehandb

ra ke

to

start

the car on a h

ill.

T

he

han

db rake w ork

s th

rough

separat

e

drums

Sim p

le effect

di stribu

tion

T

he

dis

tribution

of

brakepow

er

b

e tween

fro

nt

and

rear w hee

ls has b

een a

ttained

in th

e s im ple

st way p

ossible:

Th e

fron

t

w he e

ls (77)

hav

e larg

er

b

rakecy l inder

s

th

anthe re

ar wheels.

The m

ore heav i ly

l

oaded

fron

t

w hee

ls receiv

e 80

'/ '

of

the

79

to ta

l brakin

g power

-

the

lig

hter lo a

ded

rear w

heels get

the

rem

a in ing 20

'/ ' T h is

has m

in im ized

the

risk

fo r

fish

ta i l ing

or

worse

, rear en

d skids ,

even

at pa

nic

s to

p s

on

c

urves .

Du

al diago

na l sys

tem

Thehydrauli

c foot

bra

ke

sy ste

m is di

v ided

diagon

ally into t

wo c i rcu

its (76),

accordi

ng

to

the

same principle

used

on

oth

er SA

AB

ca

rs s ince 1

964 -

and hai led

by expe r

ts

the

w o

rld over

. On

e

c ir

cui t

w

orks on

the

r ig h

t front

wheel

and

the

le

ft

rear

w

heel ,

the

oth

er o

n the other

tw

o wheels

. Th

is

div

is ion m

eans th

at 5 '/

'

of

the

normal brakin

g action a

lways re

m ains (plus

the handbrake),

should

one

of

th e

circui t s

fail. A s

mentio

ned earl ie

r ,

a war

ning l ig h

t on

theda

sh

sho

w s

if one

o

f the

c

ircui ts

is out

of or

der. Anothe

r

wa

rninglight sho

w s th

at t

he

h

andbrak

e

is pul led.

Th

e hyd

raulic bra

ke

line

s are

corro

sionresistan

t with a c

oating

of zink,

an dare

locat

ed

wel l

ins ide

the

car,

at

the

uppe

r

edge

of

the rocke

r

p a n el

.


20/24

80

8

2

8

O

L

O

RS

N

D

U

PH

O

L

ST

E

RIES

xte

rio

r

co l

or s

T

he

J96

9

S

AA

B 99

s

o

ff

ere

d in

si x

co

lo r

s :

W

hit

e S

ilv

ers

an

d iv

o ry

,

Hu

ssa

r

bl

ue,

S e

a g

ree

n

Re

da

nd

Bl

ack

.

8

8

3

x

ter

ior

c

o lo

r

e

a t

u

ph o

lst

e ry

W

h

ite

.

B

lac

k

ny l

on

tr

ico

t

S

ilv

er

san

d

.

.

. .

Bla

ck

ny

lo

n

tric

ot

R

ed

.

. . B

la

ck

ny

lo n

t

ric

ot

G

re

en

.

.

. B l

ack

n

y lo

n

tr i

co t

B

lue

. .

. .

Blu

e n

y l

on

tri

co

t

Bl

ac k

.

.

. .

G

re

y n

ylo

n /

ve

lou

r v

elv

et

In

ter

ior

c

olo

rs

an

d

ma

ter

ial

s

T

he

in

te r

ior

o

f

the

SA

AB

9

9

is a

c

om

b

ina

tio

n of

w

ide

, c

om

fo

rta

ble

se

a ts

an

d

tasteful decor.

A

ll

sea

ts

are

c

ove

red

w

ith

sof

t

d

ura

bl

e

n

ylo

n

tr i

cot

(80

) o

r,

a s

n

the

bl

ack

ca

r n

ylo

n

ve

lou

r ve

lv e

t

8 1

) -

bo

th

m a

ter

ia l

s c

ool

n

t

he

s

um

m

er , w

ar

m

in

the

wi

n te

r . E

dg

in

gs

ar

e of

b

lac

k v

in y

l ,

th

e sa

me

b

oth

ru

gge

d

a n

d e

leg

an

t

ma

te

rial

a

s is

als

o u

sed

o

n d

oo

ra

nd

r

ear

s

id e

p a

ne

ls (

84

).

Th

e se

a t

pa

dd

ing

s co

ns

is t

of

fo

am

r

ub

ber

and

foa

m

pla

st ic

s

and

a

re

sh

ap

ed

to

ke e

p

the

r id

e rs

f i

rm

ly

n p

la

ce. T

he

ba

ck

res

t p

add

in

gs

are

sh

ape

d

too

ffe

r

bo

th

sid

e s

up

po

rt a

nd

lo

we

r

ba

ck

su

ppo

rt .

Th

e

ce

i lin

g

is

co

ve

red

wi

th

lig

h t

gre

y

v

in y

l (

82)

.

Wa

ll-t

o-w

al

l te

x ti

le

ca

rpe

ti n

g, in

g

re y

,

(

83)

is

st

and

ar

d o

n a

ll

S

AA

B

99

s .


21/24

8

BODY

Strong and light

SAAB

99 has a

two-door

sedan body,

consisting of a unit-welded self

support

ing

body

shell including fenders , and

engine

hood, doors and

trunk lid.

To combine m imum strength

and low

weight, the body shell is

assembled

of

only

a few separate parts - body sides

and

fenders, for

example, are formed

in one piece. Many

parts, among

them

the floor

board , are built in

so-called

multiple

welding

jigs , which assure

an

even

and

high

quality

to

all

welds

.

The passenger space is protected by a

stable

cage

of beams. ft consists of

strong side beams,

extra

supp Orl s arotmd

the roof line, and windshield

supports

of

double

profile

construction,

one inside

the

other.

Both

the front

and rear

portions

of

the body are

designed to

absorb impacts

from

both front

and rear.

86

87

ust resistant

The

floor board of

the

SAAB 99 is

de

signed so that all welds are pulled

towards

the sides and not

located at

the

lowest

points of

the car.

This keeps

moisture

from collecting

in the

welding joints.

fmmediately before

welding

primer

is

applied to all parts

that

cannot later be

reached for

rust

proofing.

The

completed

body surfaces

are

phosphate

pre-treated

so that the surfaces become somewhat

roughed

up and thus will better hold

the paint coats. After this has been done,

the welding seams are covered with a

special glue and the entire body given its

primer coat. Then comes

the

next step

in the rust-proofing process: undercoat

ing is applied automatically and

without

air, at a pressure of 250 atm. (3,500 psi.)

All

cavities

are

sprayed

with aluminum

pigment

rust

proofing. When the body is

later dried in the heating chambers, the

undercoating is

burnt

onto all bottom

surfaces (85) , and the

rust

proofing

seeps into cracks and corners through

capillary action.

Finally,

the body

is

painted

with several

coats of

synthetic

lacquer.

The

construction

and

the

choice of

materials has also been done with an eye

towards

rust and corrosion resistance.

Hubcaps and

bumpers

are

made

of

stainless steel, as are

the

air outlets on

the body

sides.

The front

grille is manu

factured

of eloxized

corrosion

resistant

aluminum,

and decorations

around the

wheel wells are

made

of plastic with

chrome foil.


22/24


23/24


24/24

Saab99engineeringfeatures1969 [OCR]

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Transcript of Saab99engineeringfeatures1969 [OCR]