Saab 340 Flight Tutorial


Table of Contents - Checklists Aircraft Walk Around..................................... 3 Cockpit Checks........................................... 5 Pre-Start Checks......................................... 7 Before Engine Start...................................... 10 Ready To Start Engines................................... 13 Engine Start............................................. 14 After Engine Start....................................... 19 Taxi..................................................... 24 Line Up.................................................. 26 Cleared For Take-Off..................................... 27 Climb.................................................... 29 Descent.................................................. 31 Approach................................................. 33 After Landing............................................ 36 Engine Shut Down......................................... 37 Ground Stop.............................................. 39 Acronym Definitions...................................... 40 Disclaimer............................................... 41


AIRCRAFT WALK-AROUND Usually the pilot will begin his/her walk-around on the port side making a left circuit around the aircraft. Make sure you take a flashlight with you to inspect the hard to see areas. When doing the walk around have a closer look at the items that are pointed out below, but don’t forget to have an overall look at the aircraft to check that everything looks normal. Make sure that panel doors and latches are closed and secured. Also make sure so that all the pins and protective covers are removed.

- Start at the port side prop. Check the prop-blades for any damage. When you are finished, make sure that the prop is positioned with one blade pointing straight down so that no one can walk into one of the tips.

- Check the air intake of the engine for

any damage, and use the flashlight to have a look inside the intake for any FOD. Also check the oil-cooler intake below.

- On the right side of the port side engine

nacelle, check the oil-level in the Propeller Gear Box. Move aft of the nacelle and check the pressure of the fire bottle, use the flashlight. Both bottles (one on the port engine and one on the starboard) should show the same value, approx. 500 PSI.

- Look down at the port undercarriage

assembly and check the brake wear-indicators. Also have a look at the hydraulic lines for leakage. Check that everything looks normal, that there is no damage to the tyres and the creep marks are within limits.

- Check the leading edge of the wing for

any telltales for a bird strike or any dents or scratches. Check so that the boots looks fine. When there is a risk of ice, put your hand on top of the wing to


feel, and don’t just look to see if there is any ice. Move outboard to the wingtip and check the tip and navlights. If external power and the NAV light switch in the cockpit is on both lights should be on. If on battery power, only one light will be on.

- Move to the trailing edge and check that

there is sufficient space between the wing and the aileron. Also check that the four static wicks are in place. Follow the trailing edge inboard and check that the flap itself appears normal.

- Check the exhaust and look down towards

the back of the undercarriage. Check the brake-lines for any damage or leaks.

- Move on to the fuselage. Check that the

static-port is free. Make sure that the cargo door is closed (if loading is finished) and move on to the stabilizer. Check the leading edge and de-icing boot for any damage.

- Check the vertical stabilizer and boot

for any damage and make sure that there are two static wicks on top of the rudder assembly.

- Moving to the trailing edge of the

stabilizer, make sure there are 5 static wicks on each side and one at the end of the fuselage right at the navigation light (one or two lit, see above). Look up to see that the trailing edge of the rudder look normal.

- Then move forward repeating the checks on

the starboard side. When moving along the leading edge of the wing, make sure the fuel door is closed.


- When finished with the starboard engine, move forward along the fuselage checking the handle of the emergency door.

- Check the nose gear.

- Don’t forget to check the green “pop-out”

disc for the oxygen just above the right nose gear-door.

- Check that the pitot-tube is free, and

have look up in front of the windshield to check that everything looks normal. Check that the temperature probe is free. Move to the other side and check the two pitot-tubes on the port side. Check the two AoA-vanes (one on each side) so they look OK.


COCKPIT CHECKS When entering the cockpit, before turning on the power, check that the gear handle is in the down-position. The reason for this is that IF the gear handle is for any reason in the up position, there might be a tiny risk that the gear will collapse. It shouldn’t, but have you ever heard of Murphy? Check that the flap handle correlates with the flap-indicator (normally up/zero). If the flap handle doesn’t correlate to the indicator it will start to move as soon as power is on and that’s not a good thing if for example an engineer is checking something at the wing trailing edge. Also check that the radar and transponder are in STBY mode. Next, turn the left battery on and check the voltage. Turn the right battery on and turn the left battery off to check voltage for the right battery. Both batteries should show a minimum of 24 volts. Turn the left battery on. Check that the green Bus Tie is on. At this time set the external NAV light to on. This is done to show everybody around the aircraft that power is on and crew is on the flight deck. Normally the first officer gets himself seated and starts the checklist while the Pilot in Command (PIC) does the walk around. The first officer can perform the checklist up to a certain point in the “Before engine start” checklist, after that both pilots must be on the flight deck. Before getting strapped in, it’s a smart move to check that all emergency and safety equipment is in place in the cockpit as well as all the aircraft documents. See expanded checklist for all the items. Let’s pick up the checklist and start with PRESTART CHECKS. This part of the checklist is only required to be done before first flight of the day or if both pilots have left the flight deck during a turnaround.


PRESTART CHECKS 1-2: We have already checked that the emergency and safety equipment and the documents are in place. 3: Weather radar and transponder are checked in STBY. 4. Batteries have been checked. 5: If external power is available (blue light on overhead), lets turn it on, but first check the voltage and make sure it is below 30 volts. Set the switch to on and check the voltage to be sure it is between 28 to 29.5 volts. 6: Once external power is connected, switch all three avionics switches to the on position. During engine start, switch L/R AVIONIC to off but we have them on so the AHRS can be initialized. When the screens (EADI and EHSI) are up and running the initialization is complete. This will take approximately 70 seconds. It will hold for around 7 minutes so we don’t turn them off until we’re ready to start the engines. 7: Cabin pressure. Set the mode selector to MAN and then back to AUTO. Check that the FAULT light illuminates and then goes out. Also check that the manual pressurization knob is closed (at index), the rate controller at index, alt. controller at destination field elevation and baro controller to actual QNH. 8: Parking brakes can only be set from the Captain’s side so the first officer on the right checks that the handle is pulled out and the PARK BRK light on the CWP is illuminated. If the PIC is in his seat it’s a good idea to release the parking brake and set it again. 9: Check that the gear handle is in the down position and check the three green lights are on. Press the TEST button to check that the amber disagreement light illuminates in the handle. 10. Flaps are already checked. 11. FI (Flight Idle) stop and knob. Check that the knob is not pulled and that the blue light on the Air Status Panel is illuminated. 12. Fire & Fire short & smoke test FIRE TEST:


Hold FIRE test switch in L/R position:

-Check Fire Aural Warning to sound. -Check L and R MASTER WARNING lights illuminate. -Check L/R ENG FIRE and L/R TAIL P HOT lights

illuminate. -Check L/R Fire Handle is illuminating. -Check that the aural warning stops by pushing the

Master Warning light. Hold FIRE SHORT switch in UP position:

-Check L and R MASTER CAUTION lights illuminate. -Check single stroke chime to sound. -Check L and R FIRE DET FAIL lights to illuminate. -Check that the aural warning stops by pushing the

Master Caution light. SMOKE TEST: Hold SMK switch in UP position:

-Check L and R MASTER WARNING lights illuminate. -Check triple stroke chime to sound. -Check AVIONICS SMOKE, CARGO SMOKE and LAV SMOKE lights illuminate. -Check that the aural warning stops by pushing the

Master Warning light. -Check lights to go out in sequence.

13. Shaker and Pusher test. Release the Gust Lock. Pull the Control Column to rear position. Hold STALL 1 switch in UP position:

-Check the PUSH 1 light to illuminate. -Check both stick shakers come ON. -Check L and R Aural Stall Warnings sound.

Hold STALL 2 switch in UP position. -Check the PUSH 2 light to illuminate. -Check both Stick shakers come ON. -Check L and R Aural Stall Warning sound

Hold STALL 1 and 2 switches in UP position: -Check both Stick shakers come ON. -Check L and R Aural Stall Warning sound.


-Check Stick pusher to push. -Check PUSH 1 and PUSH 2 lights to illuminate.

Hold STALL 1 and STALL 2 switches in DOWN position: -Check both Stick shakers come ON. -Check L and R Aural Stall Warning sound. -Check Stick pusher NOT to push.

14. Gust lock, Roll and Pitch. Check that all three controls are locked and that the disconnect handles for ROLL and PITCH are in. 15. Check that PROP SYNC is off.


BEFORE ENGINE START-checklist Check that all the switches on the overhead panel are in their correct position. -Fire handles IN/safe tied -Engine/Cargo Fire Ext. OFF/safe tied ICE PROTECTION system -STBY PITOT OFF -W SHIELD OFF -PROPELLER OFF -ENGINE OFF

-L/R AC GEN ON/guarded -AIR SUPPLY ON -BOOT IND ON -AUTO CYCLING OFF

-INT LIGHT As required -Left EFIS switches NORM/guarded FUEL system -X FEED OFF -CONN VALVE CLOSED -L/R STBY PUMP AUTO/guarded PROPELLER system -L/R PUMP OFF/guarded -AUTOCOARSEN OFF ENGINE system -L/R IGN OFF INT LIGHT As required EXTERNAL LIGHTS -NAV ON -BCN OFF -STROBE OFF -L/R LAND OFF -TAXI OFF -WING OFF


AC ELECTRICAL system -INVERTER switch Set switch to opposite side DC ELECTRICAL system -Check so that all three AVION switches are ON -L/R BAT switches ON

-EXT PWR switch Check EXT PWR below 30 V, set the switch to ON and check 28-29,5 V.

-L/R GEN switches OFF CABIN SIGNS -SEAT BELT OFF -NO SMOKING ON AIR CONDITION system -TEMP SELECT AUTO -RECIRC switches OFF -L/R BLD VALVES RESET/AUTO -L/R HP VALVES CLOSED EMERGENCY systems -ELT ARMED/guarded -PRESS DUMP OFF/guarded -EMER LIGHT OFF

-Right EFIS switches NORM/guarded 2. If there is an ATIS-freq let’s tune in and get the weather for takeoff. At ESDF there is no ATIS so we have to wait until first contact with TWR. 3. Check the hydraulics system. Check that the pump is in auto, Antiskid is on and that the pressure and quantity is within green arcs. If pressure is below green arc, turn on the pump momentarily to override. 4. Check that the Power Levers (P/L) is in GND IDLE 5. Check that the Condition Levers (C/L) is in FUEL OFF. At this point both crewmembers must be in their seats before continuing to read the checklist. 6. External check is performed.


7. Check the parking brake and if necessary reset it. Check that the light PARK BRK on the Centre Warning Panel (CWP) is illuminated. 8. Check that the calculated amount of fuel is onboard and that the maximum unbalance is 200 lbs. Reset the FUEL USED counter. 9. Set the Flight Data Recorder (FDR) on the left side and check the Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR) on the right side 10. Check so there is enough oxygen onboard, approx 1400-1850 psi. 11. Scan that the engine instruments so it looks normal. TRQ, PROP and ENG OIL should read zero, ITT, PROP and ENG OIL should indicate actual temperatures. FUEL FLOW should be zero.


READY TO START ENGINES-checklist 1. Turn the cabin sign on. 2. Check loose objects in the cockpit and turn off mobile telephones. 3. Set L & R AVIONICS to off before engine start 4. Check both BAT-switches are ON. 5. Check all circuit breakers are in. 6. TRIM SETTING. First NFP:

-Check pitch trim Then FP: -Press the Pitch Reset button

-Set Aileron trim to zero. -Set Yaw 1,5 unit right -Set Pitch according to CG % MAC.

7. Let’s tune in to the TWR-freq. and request start-up clearance and if the numbers of persons onboard (POB) differ from the filed flight plan, give the TWR the actual POB. 8. Check all Door caution lights and Fuelling blue light are OUT. Right pilot: Check that Fuel Door on right wing is closed and call out: "FUEL DOOR CLOSED" 9. Set the rotating beacon to Low.


ENGINE START-checklist Normal start RIGHT ENGINE 1. Check that clear signal is given from ground and call out: ”STARTING RIGHT" 2. The FO checks that right prop is free and call out: "RIGHT PROP FREE" 3. Check: -Right Power Lever to be in GND IDLE -Right Condition Lever to be in position FUEL OFF -Both batteries to be ON and call out: ”Batteries” -BUS TIE CONN green light illuminate ON and call out: ”BUS TIE” -Voltage to indicate normal readings (>24V) and call out: "Voltage" -Autocoarsen switch to be set off and call out: “Autocoarsen off” -Right Ignition switch to be in position OFF and call out: ”Ignition off” -Caution light NO BAT START to be OUT and call out: "NO BAT START" NOTE - If the light "NO BAT START" comes ON during engine start: - Continue engine start - If light is not OUT before takeoff: - Return to ramp. 4. Engage and hold STARTER SWITCH in position Right and call out: “TIMING" 5. LP and RP start timing 6. Check Ng to stabilise (approx. Ng 15-20% and ITT below 175ºC), call out ”FUEL ON”.


CAUTION If the engine temperature does not decrease below 175°C degrees in 30 seconds release STARTER switch and observe the allowable motoring duty cycle limits. 7. FO then moves the right CONDITION LEVER to position START and call out: "FUEL IS ON"

-Check carefully that C/L is in detent position. 8. Move right IGNITION SWITCH to position NORMAL. CAUTION - It is essential that CL is moved to START before IGN switch is set on NORM. This is to prevent damage to the PDU starter relay. - Turn IGN switch to NORM not earlier than 1 second but within 2 seconds after CL is moved to START. - If not, retard CL to FUEL OFF and cause fuel to be ventilated away by motoring of the engine 9. Hold the START switch until light up which should occur a few seconds after IGN switch is set to NORM. Put hand on right condition lever. 10. Check right ENG RPM, FUEL FLOW and ENG TEMP to increase and call out: "Ng Fuel flow ITT"

-Check ITT raise within 20 sec from fuel - ON -Check ITT not to exceed 965°C


11. FO checks during the whole start-up the right ENG OIL PRESS to increase and call out: "ENGINE OIL and the right PROP OIL PRESS to increase and call out: "PROP OIL". 13. Check lights are OUT on right ENGINE and FUEL PANELS and call out: "ENGINE AND FUEL PANELS CHECKED" 14. Check the BUS TIE CONN green light to be ON and call out: ”BUS TIE" NOTE ON GROUND: If no BUS TIE CONN green light is on, make one (1) attempt to energise Bus tie-relay by pushing RESET BUS TIE-button (K1 on Left C/B - panel). DURING FLIGHT: Follow Abnormal checklist. 15. Reset right GENERATOR (max 2 attempts) 16. When the generator is online we need to disconnect external power. Set EXT switch manually to OFF.

-Check EXT PWR ON white light goes OUT. -Give disconnect signal for ground power -Check EXT PWR blue light goes OUT -Check right GENERATOR LIGHT goes OUT.

17. Set load selector to R GEN and check that the voltage shows a minimum of 27,5 V and the current (load) shows a minimum of 50A. 18. If we haven’t used External power for engine start, turn on Avionics L/R. The reason for this is that before we can start the second engine, the already running engine’s generator, which acted as a starter, needs to cool down for 1 min. As it will take the Avionics (or AHRS actually) approx 1 min to initialise, we’ll use this as a timer. When the EADI and EHSI screens are up and running, turn Avionics L/R off and we can go


ahead and start the left engine. If we want to start the left engine also from external power we don’t need this 1 min cooling period.


LEFT ENGINE 1. Check that clear signal is given from ground and call out: "STARTING LEFT" 2. Check that left prop is free and call out: "LEFT PROP FREE" Repeat items 3 - 17 for Left Engine start-up.


AFTER ENGINE START-checklist 1. Set Avionics L/R switches to ON. 2. AIR CONDITIONING.

-Check that BLEED VALVES switch has been reset and are in AUTO position

-Set RECIRC FAN switches to ON. -Check TEMP SELECT switch to be in AUTO

-Check cabin rate to be below 200 ft/min -Check differential pressure to indicate max 0.2 psi. -Check caution lights are OUT Set altitude controller to destination field elevation.

-Use HP-bleed only if required. Turn off HP-bleed as soon as requirement no longer exists.

CAUTION Use HP valves in AUTO only if necessary before CL in MAX, to avoid high ITT. 3. Erect the standby horizon by pulling the knob. 4. Set the Emergency light switch to ARMED and guarded position. 5. BOOT TEST

-Check daily and if icing condition during the trip is forecasted.

-Left pilot: Inform technician (if present) about the test in order to get feedback of the test result. -Check that Ng is within limits 65-75% -Right pilot: switch R or L HP Valve to Auto and call out ”HP VALVE AUTO”. -Left pilot: push ONE CYCLE and check the indicator

lights to illuminate. -Both pilots: Check OUTBOARD boot inflation and

deflation. -Right pilot: Switch HP valve to OFF. “HP VALVE

CLOSED”


6. BLEED LEAK TEST. Check T/O inhibit to be out. Hold BLEED LEAK test switch to L/R:

-Check L and R MASTER CAUTION lights to illuminate -Check AIRCOND light illuminating -Check L/R AIR LEAK lights illuminating -Check possibility to silence aural warning by pushing Master Caution light. L/R-side.

Release test switch: Check caution lights to go OUT

7. Set the TCAS mode selector to ”AUTO”. Test to be performed the first flight of the day only: -Put the TCAS mode selector to ”AUTO” and the ATC mode selector to

”ALT” and momentarily press the test button on either the TCAS control

panel or the ATC control panel. -After ”TCAS SYSTEM TEST OK” is heard, switch the ATC mode selector

back to STBY position. 8. Press and hold RA TEST button and check: Radio height 50 ft Flashing DH annunciator DH Lights comes ON 9. TAWS TEST. 1. WXR on EHSI or /and MFD Select 2. WXR mode STBY on WXP Select 3. TAWS test button Press When aircraft on ground press either TAWS test button shortly and check: The FAULT field in both TERR AWARE indicators illuminate Both amber TERRAIN/BELOW G/S lights illuminates Aural warning: “GLIDE SLOPE” sounds Both amber TERRAIN/BELOW G/S lights turns off Both TERRAIN lights illuminate Aural warning “PULL UP” sounds Terrain image is turned on (see Fig. below) and the white DISP annunciator illuminates Aural warning “TERRAIN TERRAIN PULL UP” sounds Both red TERRAIN lights is turned off The test terrain image (after several sweeps) and DISP lights is turned off The FAULT field in both TERR AWARE indicators turns off


MAGENTA 50% RED BLACK SOLID RED

50% YELLOW

SOLID YELLOW

25% GREEN

25% YELLOW

12% GREEN

10. EFIS. FP announces and NFP checks:

-HSI. RMI and aircraft heading to correspond. BP checks: -Check EFIS on each side to show normal pictures.

-No ATT/HDG - flag on EADI and EHSI. If ATT/HDG - flag visible after initialisation perform procedure according to Abnormal Checklist

11. MSP & SPEED BUGS. PF: -Select HDG-mode and IAS-mode on the MSP. Check actual T/O weight within limits. Both P: - Set speed-bugs on actual V2 and Clean speed. LP pilot sets the electronic speed bug to V2. This means that the FD will command the FD-bar to V2 and in case of an engine-failure you only need to hug the bar to climb out with V2. 12. CTOT & BRIEFING. Set CTOT to actual T/O-power. Check that T/O-briefing with one-engine failure procedure has been performed by FP. Example of T/O-briefing:

-”T/o with CTOT....%” -Read actual SID or climb out procedure. -”In case of engine failure: -V1=…… -Clean up-altitude ……” (min=400 AGL) -”Continue climb to MSA=……..ft.” -Intentions for landing.

For our tutorial flight, we have received the following clearance: “SVF08, cleared to ESSB via LP, KAL, TRS, FL170 squawk 5312” That means that the briefing will be like this:


“CTOT at 100%, we will climb straight ahead to the LP-NDB freq 318, then turn right to intercept KAL-VOR freq 111.6. In case of engine failure or red warning lamps on the CWP. Before V1 we’ll stop on the RWY, after V1 we will go. We check that we get 107% on the remaining engine and when we have positive rate, we’ll select gear up. We will climb straight ahead at V2 to 600 ft, where we accelerate to Vclean and then continue our climb to MSA, which is 2800ft. After informing the tower, my intentions are to return to Ronneby AB. Questions?” 13. NAVAIDS Select Navsource L and choose VOR. Set & check all navaids. This means that we set 318 (“LP”) on the ADF and 111.6 (“KAL”) as the active VOR on both sides. Also set both VOR-needles to radial 238 . Because we are heading to “TRS”-VOR after “KAL”, we’ll set 114.3 (“TRS”) as the standby VOR, also on both sides. 14. CONDITION LEVERS. Check POWER LEVERS in GND IDLE When PROP OIL TEMP exceeds 25°:

-Move CL’s individually and smoothly through the gate into MIN position. The propeller starts un-feathering and PRPM increases. Monitor Ng which should start to increase at 830 PRPM. The PRPM should stabilise at 1040.

If Ng increase prior to 830 PRPM retard CL to FUEL OFF immediately.

-When both PROP RPM are stabilised, move both C/L to MAX position and check Beta Light to be on.

-Set Friction Lever to prevent C/L from moving backwards causing CONFIG-warning during take-off

15. ICE PROTECTION. STANDARD SETTING: Set STBY PITOT switch ON. Set both W SHIELD FRONT and SIDE switches to ON position.

-Check daily and if icing condition during the trip is forecasted.

-Check PROP ANTI-ICE. BLUE light ON. It must be on for 90 sec. Switches OFF.


-Check ENGINE ANTI-ICE. BLUE light ON and a rise off ITT. After that switches OFF: -Check all caution lights are OUT. -Engine ANTI-ICE ON if icing condition. (temp <+5° and visibility below 2 km, standing water, slush or snow on the runway)

16. CWP & OVERHEAD PANEL. Check CWP to show normal and overhead panel to be black. 17. CABIN REPORT & CLEAR SIGNAL.

-If not already performed; give signal to Ground Crew to remove wheel chocks.

-Check that number of pax and seating restrictions corresponds to load sheet.

-Check that Clear Signal from Ground Crew has been received (which confirms wheel chocks removed). -Do not start taxing before cabin clear is received

from cabin crew.


TAXI-checklist 1. RP checks that the right side is free and shall keep constant outlook to the right during initial taxing. 2. Set taxi light to on. Set wing inspection lights to ON during darkness. 3. During initial taxing, brake smoothly to verify brake operation 4. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS RP announces and sets and LP checks.

-Set QNH on all 3 Altimeters -Crosscheck the Altimeters, max difference between

them shall be ± 60 feet -Max difference against the present elevation is + 30/

- 60 feet. -Horizon steady X-chkd 3 items -Heading X-RMI / chkd -Vs Zero - X-chkd 2 items -IAS Zero 3 items

5. FLAPS. Move flap handle to Take-off position (normally 0°)

-Check both indicator needles to show selected value 6. CTOT TEST Left pilot:

-Check both Power Levers in GND IDLE. Right pilot: -Turn CTOT-knob fully counter clockwise -Set CTOT switch to APR position for 3 sec and check:

-Check No increase of NG - should NG start to accelerate, immediately set CTOT switch to OFF. Return to Ramp and call maintenance.

-Set CTOT switch to OFF. -Turn CTOT knob to takeoff value. 7. ENGINE INSTRUMENT

-Check Engine Instruments for normal IND. -Check CL - MAX

8. Check so that HP valves are closed


9. Set autocoarsen to ON 10. FLIGHT CONTROLS Left pilot holds the spring loaded release handle to the left and Right Pilot moves the gust Lock handle gently to OFF position. Right pilot: Check Gust Lock handle to be locked in OFF position. Check the Ailerons and Elevator are fully free until end positions. When checking aileron, call out ”Check left” and wait for LP to check left side and confirming by calling out ”Left checked”. Check right aileron and call out ”Right checked”. After receiving call outs ”Left checked” and ”Rudder free” from LP, call out ”Checked free”. Left pilot: Check Rudder controls to be free until end position and call out ”Rudder free”. Check left aileron when RP calls out ”check left” and call out ”left checked”. 11. APA, NAV AIDS, & TRANSPONDER Right Pilot: Set transponder code and leave transponder in mode STBY. -Set NAV-AIDS for Climb-Out Procedure and LP checks.

-Set Altitude Pre Alert for cleared ALT/FL and NFP checks.

Note! In windy conditions, keep flight controls locked until line up.


LINE UP-checklist 1. EXTERNAL LIGHTS When entering the runway:

-Set BCN-light in HI-position. (When it’s not annoying to other crew waiting for departure). -Set STROBE-light ON (when it’s not annoying to other crew waiting for departure).

-Transponder shall be switched to ALT when entering the runway On the runway or the taxiway when ”cleared for take-off”: -Set L/R LAND-lights ON. 2. Select seat belt sign OFF then ON to give the cabin crew the prepare for takeoff-signal. 3. ENG ANTI ICE If required;

-Engine Anti Ice ON = BLEED VALVES - OFF 4. Check so that the transponder is on and in the ALT-mode. Check so that the actual QNH is set on all three altimeters 5. Check CWP and overhead panel so that all lights are out. 6. Check compass and set the heading bug to runway heading. 7. Push T/O INH-button and check blue light to illuminate. 8. Start the timer.

Landing lights and item 7-8 may be performed as memory items, when waiting for ”cleared for take-off” on the runway.


OK – WE ARE CLEARED FOR TAKE-OFF First move the throttles to approx 15-20% below your selected value on the CTOT. We will use 100%. This means approx 80% TRQ, then order the RP to select APR on the CTOT-switch by the command “Set takeoff power!” Release the brakes and keep your heading on the runway. When the commanded CTOT-value has been reached (100% TRQ in this case), the RP will call out “Power is set!” When reaching 80 kt the FO calls out “80 kt!” and you answer with “My controls!” Until now you have been keeping the course with the steering wheel, but at approx 80 kt the rudder is effective so you then release the steering wheel and grab the steering column. FO calls out V1 followed by VR on this call you pull the column back and climb out with approx 12-15 degree nose up on the EADI. This will give a speed of approx V2+10kt. When the aircraft has positive rate of climb, select the gear up. Select yaw damper on and if you wish, select AP. At approx 400 ft AGL bring the nose down slightly to allow the airplane to accelerate to Vclean+10 and then continue climb with this speed. Depending on the terrain and what climb performance is required, you may choose one of the three climb modes on the MSP. Climb straight ahead until passing 1 000 ft AGL and then turn to the desired course, in our case we continue straight ahead to “LP” NDB before turning. Set climb power by slowly rotating the CTOT knob fully counter clockwise. Then select the CTOT switch to off and set the C/L to approx 1270 prpm. Be aware that when reducing the Prpm the TRQ will increase due to increased blade-angle so you will have to be prepared to reduce the P/L also, so not to over-TRQ. Set the P/L to approx 90%. To make it easier to keep the right climb rate you can select a climb mode on the MSP. You then only need to follow the FD-bar to keep the right speed. Normally choose Medium climb, but you can choose high or low climb also. The rate of climb will be the same for all three modes; the difference is the distance that you fly before reaching your flight level. Low climb


equals steeper climb (lower IAS), high climb equals shallow climb (higher IAS). When we are established in climb it’s time to start with the climb checklist. A note regarding CTOT. The reason for setting a lower value on the CTOT is that the system can only INCREASE power, never reduce power. So if you want to use CTOT 90% and you set 95%, then you will have 95% on both engines. And the reason for setting 15-20% below CTOT-value is that when accelerating during takeoff, the airspeed will add these last percent so when setting climb power when airborne the TRQ on both engines will be approx. 90%. This is nor easy in the beginning but after practice you will almost always hit it spot on.


CLIMB-checklist 1. Set Main Altimeters to 1013 HPA, when cleared to FL or passing TA and call out: "1013 HPA/xxxx Ft" and crosscheck. Leave Stby Altimeter on QNH 2. Check that the gear and flaps are up. 3. Check blue light T/O INH on Centre Instr Panel to be OUT 4. Check cabin pressure, the diff pressure and rate of climb to be normal. 5. CTOT

-In addition to a visual check of the switch position, make it a habit to physically check the position by your fingers.

6. Check BLD VALVE switches AUTO and adjust temperature (If required) Set HP VALVE switches to AUTO. 7. Set AUTOCOARSEN switch to OFF and check light goes out. 8. Set Seatbelt sign as required depending on turbulence. 9. ELECT/ENG/FUEL & HYDRAULIC

-Check Generator Loads and Battery voltages > 27,5 V and loading > 50A

Leave Electrical selector to L GEN position -Check Engine, Fuel & Hydraulic instruments to show

normal readings. 10. Check that climb power has been set and that prop sync switch has been turned on. 11. Check that the FI STOP light is out and the knob is not pulled. 12. EXTERNAL LIGHTS Should not be performed below 5000 ft.

-Navigation lights always ON -Rotating beacon in HI. -Strobe lights ON except when reflections disturb. -Landing, Taxi and Wing-lights OFF, when not req.


During climb, TRQ will drop slightly so you need to adjust the P/L to keep 90% until the ITT reaches 830ºC. Then you keep 830ºC until on level where you can adjust the ITT up to approx 850ºC according to what the TRQ-table states and where it should stay during the rest of the cruise. Depending of OAT the ITT/TRQ will move up or down so you need to keep an eye on it and adjust it accordingly. 1 000 ft before reaching our FL that we have set on the APA, the system will warn us that we are soon reaching our FL and we need to check that the system captures this level. We check that we have 1013 on the altimeters. Approx 300ft before the level, the AP will start to pitch over to catch the level and ALTS will flash in the EADI. When we have levelled off and the speed has increased the long-range speed will be displayed next to ALTS and that means that the system is in altitude hold mode. Now when we’re on level, let’s check the navigation. On the Display Control Panel (DCP), turn the selector to sector mode and choose one of detents, depending on what range you want to use. All the way clockwise (RR-mode) the range is controlled by the range knob on the weather radar so in this case, use this to choose a suitable range. You can now see the nav-points that you have selected, in this case “KAL”. We have NAV left side selected and we’re established on the 238-radial towards “KAL” Because planning ahead is everything in aviation we’ll change to NAV-source right side. I’ll explain why later on. We already have “KAL” as active on NAV2 and we have already set the dubbelpointer to radial 238 so let’s just change to Navsource right side. The AP will intercept and continue fly on the radial 238 towards “KAL” but now using the right NAV as source. When it’s captured it appears as VOR2 on the EADI. We now set the NAV 1 to “TRS”-freq 114,3 and the “Singlepointer” to the radial we want to intercept towards “TRS”, in this case 195 (course 015). One easy way to set the right radial is to turn it so it coincides with “KAL”-VOR. One minute from KAL, select Navsource Left. The AP will automatically choose heading-mode and “HDG” will appear to the left on the EADI. Below HDG on the EADI, “VOR 1” in white will appear. This indicates that VOR 1 is armed and that the AP will


intercept the radial set on VOR 1, in this case “TRS” radial 195. When we are established on the radial towards “TRS”, we can start to plan for our arrival at Stockholm Bromma. Approx 6 min before reaching “TRS” we’ll start our descent with approx 1 000ft/min. We’ll use the STAR T4Y for the ILS RWY 30 at Stockholm Bromma Airport. This STAR state, max FL 110 overhead “TRS”, intercept radial 048 from “TRS”. At distance 26,5 from “TRS” and 2 500ft turn to heading 330 and intercept the ILS freq 109.7 inbound course 302 for RWY 30 at ESSB. So let’s set 109,7 as standby on the NAV 1. We can keep up to 250 kt (beware of the “barberpole”) during the whole descent but before turning inbound to capture the ILS, try to reduce the speed to around 200 kt.


DESCENT-checklist 1. Check that remaining fuel quantity is according to the regulations.

-Max allowable fuel unbalance is 200 lbs 2. SPEED BOOK & BUGS

Left Pilot: -Set speed-bug at VHold. Right Pilot: -Set one speed-bug at VHold and the other at VRef 20/35.

3. ATIS, BRIEFING & CTOT -NFP obtains actual ATIS.

-FP reviews Approach Briefing for landing procedures. In this case we’ll use the STAR T4Y. This means, from “TRS” intercept radial 048 from “TRS”. At distance 26,5 from “TRS” turn to heading 330 and intercept the ILS for RWY 30 at ESSB.

Check that nav-aids are set as desired. ILS freq 109.7 for RWY 30, inbound course 302.

CTOT: Check SWITCH to be in OFF position. Set CTOT for GO-AROUND. Due to the fact that we are already airborne and there is no high terrain nearby, we normally set CTOT to 90% in case of a go-around.

4. CABIN PRESSURE. Set landing field elevation and landing field QNH -Check cabin altitude to decrease

-Check diff. pressure to decrease -Check cabin rate of descent

5. LANDING LIGHTS. Should be turned when passing FL 120. 6. SEATBELT SIGN. Seatbelt Sign ON about 10 min before ETA. When we are cleared to /or below Transition Level (TL) we’ll start with the


APPROACH-checklist 1. ALTIMETERS

Left pilot: -When receiving landing field QNH, set Stby Altimeter

to new QNH

NFP: -When cleared to or below Transition Level, set altimeter to landing field QNH and call out: "Altimeters.... (1002) FP: -Set altimeter to landing field QNH and call out QNH and altimeter reading. For example:”(1002), reading 9 700 ft”.

NFP: -Check QNH-settings, and compare altitude readings,

for all 3 Altimeters. 2. HYDRAULIC

-ANTISKID switch ON -Check PRESSURE & QUANTITY to be within green arc. Check brake pressure to be within green arc.

3. Set Autocoarsen switch to ON and check the green light to come ON. 4. CABIN REPORT -Check that cabin clear is received. “Checklist completed to FLAPS and GEAR down” We’ll keep TRS as the active VOR 1 and when we’re approx 1 min from “TRS” set the HDG bug to 020 degrees and select HDG mode on the MSP. Also choose NAV right side.. This way we will intercept the radial after passing the “cone of confusion” above “TRS”. When we have passed “TRS” select NAV on the MSP and the AP will intercept radial 048 from “TRS” on the VOR 2. At this time we’ll set the ILS freq 109.7 on the VOR 1 as active and set the inbound course to 302 degrees.


I said I will explain later why we changed navsource when we where at level. The reason is, if you haven’t already noticed it, that we don’t need to change navsource or settings in a late state during our approach. When we are on level there is a lot more time to prepare for things to come instead of during an approach that can be quite hectic some times. So when you have time on level, prepare as much as you can. However, we can make our approach from the right side even if we fly from the left side but this means that you fly from the left side but uses the information from the right side. So in reality, if your FO doesn’t have the same navsettings as you have on your side, you can be tricked into thinking that you are flying the ILS-approach at Bromma but you are in fact doing something else. Not very good for flight safety. Remember that the AP follows which nav-source is chosen, Left or Right. But if the FO was PF he would use navsource right side for this approach. So depending on who’s PF the navsource and settings on left or right side can differ. Let’s also set the headingbug for course 330 on the “Singlepointer”. At distance 26,5 from TRS we push the HDG-button on the MSP. The AP will then turn towards heading 330. Once we are in heading-mode (indicated by the “HDG” in the EADI) push the APPR-button on the MSP. “LOC1” in white will appear under ”HDG” and this means that localizer 1 is armed and that the aircraft will turn inbound on the ILS-approach and make a 30 degree interception of the localizer. The AP will in this mode intercept and fly the ILS for RWY 30 fully automatically. When we are one dot below the GS, select gear down. Maximum speed for gear extension is 200 kt. Don’t forget to dial in the ILS-freq on NAV 2 so that the FO can monitor the approach from his side. This is a crucial part of flying as a crew. One pilot is flying, the other one is monitoring. After gear down is selected ”complete checklist” may be ordered.


5. Select FLAPS 15, maximum speed 175 IAS. NFP checks and confirms by announcing the minimum speed, VRef 15. If you fly manually be aware of “ballooning” 6. LANDING SIGN TO CABIN. Select seat belt sign OFF then ON. 7. HP VALVES. Normally use CLOSED position to avoid high ITT after landing. Auto position only if required for boot de-ice operation. In that case, CLOSE after landing. 8. APA

-During ILS- approach, set APA to the highest Go-Around altitude as soon as GS capture

-During NDB/VOR-approach, APA may be used for pre-altitude guidance. 9. GEAR

-Check 3 green lights are ON, NFP call out: "GEAR DOWN AND CHECKED" , waits for confirmation from FP who confirms with ”checked”.

10. LANDING FLAPS -Set flap 20 (On order from FP)

-PF verifies correct flap setting -NFP checks and confirms by announcing the minimum

speed, VRef 20 11. Set PROP SYNC to off. 12. CONDITION LEVERS -Move condition levers smoothly to MAX position. 13. TAXI LIGHT -Taxi lights ON when ”cleared to land” is received. 14. YAW DAMPER & AUTO PILOT

-Auto pilot OFF before touch down. Min 50 ft. Yaw Damper must be OFF when landing and go-around

Taxi light in ON position is a confirmation that ”cleared to land” is received. When an early ”cleared to land” is received, set the switches in ON position and check when you come to this item that they’re ON, which is a reminder that you already has received ”clear to land” .


AFTER LANDING-checklist 1. When the flightcontrols becomes ineffective (approx. 50 kt) RP:

-Hold the spring loaded release handle to the left and move Gust Lock handle backward to ON position.

-Check that all three controls are locked. 2. WEATHER RADAR, TRANSPONDER & TCAS

-Set Weather radar & Transponder selector to STBY. -Set TCAS in STBY

3. CABIN DIFF PRESSURE

-If cabin diff pressure is more than 0,2 PSI, dump pressure manually by using Ground communication hatch (“whisky” door). -If too high diff pressure, use EMER PRESS DUMP-switch

on overhead panel. 4. Select flaps up. Check flap indicator to show 0. In ICING Condition keep flaps as they are. 5. Set Autocoarsen switch to OFF to prevent Autocoarsen system activation if one engine is shut down in advance. 6. ICE PROTECTION

-Ice protection OFF. If icing conditions slush, let ENG A/I remain ON until engine shut down.

7. Set Strobe and Landing lights to OFF after leaving runway. Set Beacon-lights to LO position. 8. Check airborne time.


ENGINE SHUT DOWN BOTH ENGINES: 1. When convenient order "PREPARE BOTH" 2. Switch off:

-L & R RECIRC FAN -L & R BLEED VALVE -EMERGENCY LIGHT. -L and R. AVIONIC -L GENERATOR (not both due to hydraulic pressure to the steering and the brakes!) -Check BUS TIE CONN light to come ON, and call out:

"BUS TIE” When stopped on the parking area: 3. Move L & R CL smoothly to position START. Switch R GENERATOR off. 4. Set parking brakes 5. Release passengers by switching SEAT BELT SIGN to OFF position.

-The CA is then responsible not to let passengers out before propellers are stopped. -Check both props are fully feathered (approx. 300 rpm) and move L & R CL to FUEL OFF.


PARKING-checklist During the engine shutdown-procedure, some of the items below has already been switched off. This checklist is done to confirm that these items are turned off. 1. Set taxi light to off. 2. Set parking brake and confirm with light on CWP. 3. Turn off ice protection 4. Turn of RECIRC fans 5. Close BLEED & HP VALVES 6. Turn off EMERGENCY LIGHTS 7. Turn off AVIONICS L/R 8. Turn off GENERATORS 9. Move CONDITION LEVERS to FUEL OFF 10. Turn off the seatbelt sign

-Not before parking brakes are set and condition levers are in ”START”. 11. Turn off rotating beacon.

-Not before both props have stopped. 12. EXTERNAL POWER

-If EXT PWR AVAIL (blue) light is on, check EXT PWR below 30 V, set the switch to ON and check 28-29,5 V.

13. If required turn both batteries off. -Do not turn off the batteries before all passengers has vacated the aircraft when it’s dark. -You may keep the batteries ON when short turn-around.


GROUND STOP-checklist 1. Turn off Oxygen. 2. Turn off AVIONICS ESS 3. Turn off EXTERNAL POWER 4. Turn off all external lights. 5. Check that emergency lights are off 6. Check that dome light is off.


ACRONYM DEFINITIONS PF: Pilot Flying NFP: Non Pilot Flying CA: Cabin Attendant Dome light: Flight Deck light FOD: Foreign Object Damage EADI: Electronic Attitude Director Indicator EHSI: Electronic Horizontal Situation Indicator ATIS: Automatic Terminal Information Service RP: Right Pilot (=FO) LP: Wrong Pilot (Sorry, LOL) Left Pilot (=PIC) TCAS: Traffic-alert and Collision and Avoidance System TAWS: Terrain Awareness and Warning System HSI: Horizontal Situation Indicator RMI: Radio Magnetic Indicator AHRS: Attitude and Heading Reference System CWP: Central Warning Panel APA: Altitude Preselector Alerter CTOT: Constant Torque On Takeoff STAR: STandard Arrival Route AP: AutoPilot MSA: Minimum Sector Altitude AGL: Above Ground Level AHRS: Attitude and Heading Reference System MSP: Mode Selector Panel IAS: Indicated Air Speed EFIS: Electronic Flight Instrument System TA: Transition Altitude TL: Transition Level


Disclaimer This documentation is created for the FFS Saab 340 package only and is not to be used as real world documentation. You agree that by using this documentation, your sole intent is for entertainment purposes only. If you have any questions about this documentation, or see notice an error, please contact the FFS Support team at our web site: http://www.flightfactory-simulations.com.

Saab 340 Flight Tutorial

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