S2 h grammar book amata

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Grammar Book By : Amata Leno

Transcript of S2 h grammar book amata

Page 1: S2 h grammar book amata

Grammar Book

By : Amata Leno

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Table of Contents

• 1. Nacionalidades• 2. Stem Changing Verbs• 3. Para• 4. IOP • 5. Pronoun Placement• 6. Gustar• 7. Affirmative & Negative Words• 8. Superlatives• 9. Reflexives • 10. Affirmative tu commands + irregulars + pronoun placement• 11. Negative tu commands + irregulars + pronoun placement• 12. Sequencing Events

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Nacionalidades

UruguayoParaguayo

PuertorriquenoPanamenoSalvadorenoHundureno

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Stem Changing Verbs

e i

Pedir : to ask for

Yo: PidoTu: PidesEl/ella/Ud. : Pide

Nosotros :PedimosEllos/ellas/uds. : Piden

o ue

Volver : to returnYo: vuelvoTu: vuelvesEl/ella/Ud. : vuelve

Nosotros: volvemosEllos/ellas/Ud. : vuelven

e ie

Perder : to lose

Yo : pierdoTu: pierdesEl/ella/Ud. :pierde

Nosostros: perdemosEllos/ellas/Ud. :pierden

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Para

Para can come before an infinitive

In this case, it would mean; to

Para is also used for purpose

In this case it would mean; for

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IOP

Indirect Object Pronouns replace or accompany indirect objects

Singular

Me: meYou: teYou, him, her: le

Plural

Us: nosYou, them: les

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Pronoun Placement

Placement: When the pronoun accompanies a conjugated verb the pronoun comes beforethe verb.

But when the pronoun accompanies a sentence with an infinitive, it can either go before the conjugated verb or be attached to the end of the infinitive.

Examples:

Rosa lecompraunaolla a sumadre.

before

Rosa quire comprarleuna olla a sumadre.

attached

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Gustar

Gustar: (like/please)

Gusta:

I: meYou: teHe/she: le

We: nosThey: les

2 or more infinitives = gusta in the singular form

a mi : me gustaa ti : tegustaa el/ella/ud. : le gustaa nosotros : nosgustaa ellos/ellas/uds. : les gusta

Emphasis

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Affirmative & Negative Words

Affirmative Words:

Algo : somethingAlguien : someoneAlgun/Alguno(a) : someSiempre : alwaysTambien : also

Negative Words:

Nada : nothingNadie : no oneNingun/Ninguno(a) : none, not anyNunca : neverTampoco : neither, either

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Superlatives

Used to describe a noun

definite article + noun + mas/menos + adjective + de

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ReflexivesIn a reflexive construction, subject = object.A person does and receives object

:

1) Yomelevanto a lasocho de la manana.

2) Pepa se lava.

Placement:

In front of conjugated verb:1) meacuesto a lasdiez de la noche.2) meestoyacostandoahoramismo.

Attached to a gerund:1) estoyacostandomeahoramismo.

Attached to an infinitive:1) voy a acostarmeahoramismo.

Lavarse: to wash oneselfMelavoNoslavamosLe lavas Se lavanSe lava

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Affirmative tu commands + irregulars + pronoun placement

Drop the ‘S’

Irregular Commands:

Infinitive: Affirmative Command:

Decir Di

Hacer Haz

Ir Ve

Poner Pon

Salir Sal

Ser Se

Tener Ten

Venir Ven

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Negative tu commands + irregulars + pronoun placement

1) Put in ‘yo’ form2) Change vowel3) Add ‘s’

Tener No Tengas

Venir No Vengas

Dar/Decir No Des/Digas

Ir No Vayas

Ser No Seas

Hacer No Hagas

Estar No Estes

Saber No sepas

Irregular Commands:

Example:

InfinitiveYo FormNeg. Command

HablarHablo No Hables

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Sequencing Events

Sequencing Events

Primero First

Entonces Then

Luego/Despues Later/After

Por Fin Finally

Antes de/Despues de Before/After

Por la manana/tarde/noche In/During the…

Los lunes, etc. Monday, etc.