S UDIA SL INDONESIAN JOURNAL FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES Volume I, Number 3, 1994

ISSN 0215-0492

•

HISTORY, POLITICAL IMAGES AND CULTURAL ENCOUNTER The Dutch in the Indonesian Archipelago

Taufik Abdullah

BETWEEN MOSQUE AND MARKET The Muslim Community in Quiapo, Metro Manila

Kuntowijoyo

HAMKA (1908·1981) AND THE INTEGRATION OF THE ISLAMIC UMMAHOF INDONESIA

Karel Steenbrink

STUDIA ISL~~IIKA Indonesian Journal for Islamic Studies Volume I, No.3, 1994

EDITORIAL BO:\RD:

Harun Nasution lvJastubu M. Quraisb Sbihab A Aziz Dahl an M. Satria Effendi Nabilah Lubis M. Yunan Yusuf Komaruddin Hidayat Dien Syamsuddin Muslim Nasutfon Wahib Mu 'tbi

EDITOR IN CHIEF:

Azyumardi Azra EDITORS:

Saiful il-!uzani Hendro Prasetyo johan H. Meuleman Nuru/Fajri BadriYatim

AsSISTANTS TO THE EDITOR:

ArifSubhan iHuchlis Ainurrafik

ENGLISH lA 'IGUAGE AD\1SOR:

Judith M. Dent ARABIC UNGUAGE AD\1SOR:

Salahuddin An Nadwi COVER DESIGNER:

S. Pringka

SnJDIA ISLA.\IIKA (ISSN 0215-0492) is a journal published quarterly by the Institut Agama Islam Negeri (lAIN, The State Institute for Islamic Studies) SyarifHidayatullah, jakarta, (SIT DEPPEN No. 129/SK/ DITJENiPPG/SIT/1976) and sponsored by the Department of Religious Affairs of the Republic of lndone~ia. It ~pecializes in Indone~ian Islamic studies, and is intended to communicate original researches and current issues on the subject. This journal warmly welcomes contributions from scholars of reJa[ed disciplines. All articles published do not necessarily represent the views of the journal, or other institutions to which it is affiliated. They are solely the view~ of the authors.

Nabilah Lubis

Shaykh Yusuf Makasar (1626- 1699)

Abstract: Shaykh Yusuf Makasar is a prominent sufi, intellectual and statesman who devoted his entire life to struggling for the fate of his na­tion. He was born in kingdom of Gowa, Makasar, known today as Ujung Pandang, South Sulawesi. He was brought up in the palace of Sultan Alauddin and received religious education, including memorizing the Qur'an, when he was still very young. He pursued his education in A ceh, Yemen, Mecca, Medina and Syria. He was baptized into almost all sufi orders directly by their Masters. Having finished his 'Wandering, he went back to his home area, Gowa, to transfer his experiences to his fellow people.

Unfortunately, he saw that Gowa was not as it used to be. People mainly engaged in immoral acts, such as drinking, cock-fighting, gambling and so forth. He failed to convince the Sultan to use his authority to ban im­moral acts, which contradicted Islamic teachings. Shaykh YusufMakasar then left Gowa for Banten, West Java, which was ruled by Sultan Tirtayasa {1651 · 1695). This Sultan, who was a devout Muslim, appointed him as the Mufd of the kingdom and married him to his daughter. They worked hand-in-hand in the struggle to maintain the kingdom's independence from the interference of the Dutch company, V. 0. C. Having carried out a guerrilla war for three years, the Sultan was arrested and Shaykh Yusuf was exiled to Ceylon and then to Cape Town, South Africa in 1694 where he remained until his death in 1699.

Shaykh Yusuf Makasar wrote 22 manuscripts in Arabic, not to men· tion his works in the Bugis-Makasar and Ban ten languages. All these writ­ings deal with mysticism, mystical orders and ethics. Most of the works

149 Studia Isf.zmika, Vol. 1, No. 3, 1994

15-0 Nabilah Lubis

were written when he was still in Banten. Although Shaykh Yusuf was only in South Africa for five years, he had

a great impact on Islam in this region. He is the first figure to introduce Islam to the indigenous people in South Africa. As an honor, South Afri­can Muslims decided that 1994 would be the anniversary year for the commemoration of 300 years since Shaykh Yusuf Makasar's arrival in the region. They celebrated it with seminars, performances and the estab· lishment of the Tuan YusufLearning Center.

Studia Islamika, Vol. 1, No. ), 1994

Nabilah Lubis

Shaykh Yusuf Makasar (1626- 1699)

Abstraksi: Shaykh Yusuf Makasar, seorang sufi, alim besar dan negarawan yang memikirkan dan memperjuangkan nasib bangsanya. fa lahir di Kerajaan Gowa, Makasaryang sekarang dikenal dengan nama Ujung Pandang, Propinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Sejak kecil ia dibesarkan di istana Sultan Alauddin dan ia memperoleh pendidikan dalam agama serta menghafal al-Quran dalam usia muda. fa menuntut ilmu di Aceh, Yaman, Mekkah dan Syria. Shaykh Yusuf memperoleh bai'at hampir seluruh tarekat dari guru-gurunya langsung. Setelah terasa ilmunya sudah cukup, ia segera kembali untuk mengentdkannya dan berdakwah di tanah airnya, Gowa.

Namun ia melihat Gowa bukan lagi Gowa yang dulu, perbuatan mungkar seperti minuman keras, adu ayam, judi dan sebagainya menjadi hal yang biasa di tengah masyarakat. Ia berusaha menarik hati Sultan agar menggunakan wewenangnya untuk melarang perbuatan yang tak sesuai dengan Islam, namun ia gagal. Shaykh Yusuf meninggalkan Gowa dan pergi ke Banten yang diperintah oleh Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa (1651-1695). Sultan pencinta agama ini mengangkatnya sebagai mufti kenegaraan dan diambil sehagai menantu. Mereka berdua bahu membahu dalam menghadapi campur tangan VOC Belanda. Setelah perang gerilya selama tiga tahun, Sultan tertangkap, Shaykh Yusuf dihukum dengan pembuangan ke Ceylon, kemudian ke Cape Town, Afrika Selatan {1694) hingga wafotnya di sana tahun 1699.

Shaykh Yusuf meninggalkan khazanah berupa tulisan, manuskrip

Studia Islamika, VoL 1, No. 3, 1994

152 Nabilah Lubis

dalam bahasa Arab berjumlah 22 buah, di samping sejumlah tulisan dalam bahasa Bugis-Makasar dan Banten. Semuanya dalam bidang tasawwuf, tarekat dan akhlak. Kebanyakan karangannya ditulis sewaktu berada di Banten.

Meskipun hanya 5 tahun Shaykh Yusuf berada di Afrika Selatan, namun itu sangat berarti, sebab dialah yang membawa bibit Islam pertama ke kawasan itu. Sebagai penghormatan, masyarakat Islam Afrika Selatan menetapkan tahun 1994 sebagai tahun peringatan 300 tahun kedatangan Shaykh Yusuf, yang dimeriahkan dengan berbagai acara seperti pawai peringatan 300 tahun Islam di Afrika Selatan (2 Apri/1994), seminar tentang Shaykh Yusuf di Jakarta pada tanggal30 Apri/1994, peletakan batu pertama proyek Yuan Yusuf Learning Center, malam kirab, zikir dan sebagainya.

Studia lslamika, VoL 1, No. ), 1994

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Studia Islamilra, VoL I, No.3, 1994

Al-Sbaykb Yusuf al-Mak.isari 155

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Srudia Islamika, VoL 1, No. J, 199~

Al-Shaykh Yusuf ai-Makasari 157

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Srudia Islamika, Vol. 1, No. 3, 1994

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449 ·<../' 1885,

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._::.,~, Makassar, Dagboek der vorsten van Goa, en Tallo, Leiden, KITLV No. IV, 1990.

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Amansyah, "Tentang Lontara Syekh Yusuf'l'aj ai-Kha/wati", makalah dalam acara Dook talk, . t

·~ t::!-)1:, -:f ;.!•-'... . o- t ·:..J"' Petpustakaan Universitas Ha~anuddin, Ujung Pandang, 1973,

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