S OURCE R EDUCTION What Is It And Why Is It So Important?
Transcript of S OURCE R EDUCTION What Is It And Why Is It So Important?
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SSOURCEOURCE RREDUCTIONEDUCTION
What Is ItAnd
Why Is It So Important?
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QQUIZ:UIZ: W WHICHHICH I ISS I ITT??
RecycRecyclele
ReuseReuse
ReduceReduce
ReducReducee
ReuseReuse
RecycleRecycle
A B
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“Source Reduction is a tool affecting
resource
consumption that is linked to
production…
Thus to achieve the goal of resource Thus to achieve the goal of resource
conservation, source reduction and conservation, source reduction and
reuse arereuse are
more valuable to society (ton-for-ton)more valuable to society (ton-for-ton)
than recycling.”than recycling.”
National Recycling Coalition, 9/94
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FFEWEW PPEOPLEEOPLE UUNDERSTANDNDERSTAND
THE THE TTRUERUE VVALUEALUE
OF OF SSOURCEOURCE RREDUCTION.EDUCTION.
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Yet, when educated aboutYet, when educated aboutthe true value of source reduction,the true value of source reduction,
its value increases to nearlyits value increases to nearlythat of recycling.that of recycling.
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WWHATHAT DDOESOES TTHISHIS
TTELLELL UUSS AABOUTBOUT
SSOURCEOURCE RREDUCTIONEDUCTION??
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TTHEHE IISSUE ISSSUE IS
OONE OF NE OF
PPUBLICUBLIC EEDUCATION.DUCATION.
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WWHATHAT ISIS SSOURCEOURCE RREDUCTIONEDUCTION??
Any activity that reduces the Any activity that reduces the amountamount
of materials or energy consumedof materials or energy consumedduring the production, distribution during the production, distribution
or disposalor disposalof products and packages.of products and packages.
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IINN P PLAINLAIN EENGLISHNGLISH::
Use Less Use Less StuffStuff..
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WWHYHY D DOO W WEE N NEED TO EED TO
TTHINKHINK AABOUTBOUT U USINGSING L LESS?ESS?
1.1.We're throwing away too We're throwing away too much much
stuff and what we do throw stuff and what we do throw away away
doesn't just go away.doesn't just go away.
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MMUNICIPALUNICIPAL S SOLIDOLID W WASTEASTE MMANAGEMENTANAGEMENT
1960 - 19951960 - 1995
Source: Franklin Associates for the EPA
Recycling,yard trimmings composting
Combustion
Landfill, other
Ton, millions
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WWHYHY D DOO W WEE N NEED TO EED TO
TTHINKHINK AABOUTBOUT U USINGSING L LESS?ESS?
1.1.We're throwing away too We're throwing away too much much
stuff and what we do throw stuff and what we do throw away away
doesn't just go away.doesn't just go away.
2.2.Recycling is working, but Recycling is working, but cancan
only do so much.only do so much.
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RRECYCLINGECYCLING RRATESATES
19961996 MaximumMaximum
(%) (%) Practical Practical (%)(%)
Corrugated BoxesCorrugated Boxes 7373 7575 Yard Wastes Yard Wastes 3030 5050 Glass Bottles & Jars Glass Bottles & Jars 3131 4040 Office Paper Office Paper 3131 5050 Steel Cans Steel Cans 5858 6565 Aluminum Cans Aluminum Cans 6363 7575 Plastic Bottles Plastic Bottles 2525 3838
All WasteAll Waste 2727 3333Source: Porter & Associates
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WWHYHY D DOO W WEE N NEED TO EED TO
TTHINKHINK AABOUTBOUT U USINGSING L LESS?ESS?
1.1.We're throwing away too We're throwing away too much much
stuff and what we do throw stuff and what we do throw away away
doesn't just go away.doesn't just go away.
2.2.Recycling is working, but can Recycling is working, but can only only
do so much.do so much.
3.3.We're generating more We're generating more waste, waste,
especially paper, than we can especially paper, than we can recycle.recycle.
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GGROWTH OFROWTH OF D DISCARDSISCARDS 1972-19871972-1987
Source: Franklin AssociatesSource: Franklin Associates
200%
100%
0%
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
OfficePaper
Books,Magazines
Appliances Tires FoodPackaging
130%
84%
44%
15%7%
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BBENEFITSENEFITS
OFOF S SOURCE OURCE
RREDUCTIONEDUCTION
1.1.Keeps waste from being Keeps waste from being produced inproduced in
the first place.the first place.
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BBENEFITSENEFITS
OFOF S SOURCE OURCE RREDUCTIONEDUCTION
1.1.Keeps waste from being Keeps waste from being produced inproduced in
the first place.the first place.
2.2.Conserves material, energy Conserves material, energy andand
financial resources.financial resources.
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1.1.Keeps waste from being Keeps waste from being produced inproduced in
the first place.the first place.
2.2.Conserves material, energy and Conserves material, energy and financial resources.financial resources.
3.3.Reduces pollution and Reduces pollution and greenhouse gases.greenhouse gases.
BBENEFITSENEFITS
OFOF S SOURCE OURCE RREDUCTIONEDUCTION
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AADVANTAGESDVANTAGESOFOF S SOURCE OURCE RREDUCTIONEDUCTION
1.1.A little does a A little does a lot.lot.
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Source Reduction: Source Reduction: 1717 grams or 25% grams or 25%
TTHEHE SSOURCEOURCE RREDUCINGEDUCING
CCAPABILITIESAPABILITIES OF OF PPLASTICSLASTICS
PETPET
2 Liter2 LiterSoda BottlesSoda Bottles
6868GramsGrams
19771977
5151GramsGrams
19901990
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BIG BIG DEAL!?DEAL!?
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It is a big deal when It is a big deal when one considers that one considers that there are about 7 there are about 7
billion 2 liter bottles billion 2 liter bottles sold each year.sold each year.
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Source Reduction Source Reduction EliminatedEliminated
262,000,000 262,000,000 Lbs.Lbs.
of PET per Year for thisof PET per Year for thisOne ApplicationOne Application
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1.1.A little does a A little does a lot.lot. 2.2.It’s market It’s market driven.driven.
AADVANTAGESDVANTAGESOFOF S SOURCE OURCE RREDUCTIONEDUCTION
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12 12 OZ. OZ. AALUMINUMLUMINUM C CANSANS
2-15/16”2-15/16”(15.3 (15.3
grams)grams)
2-1/8”2-1/8”(14.3 (14.3
grams)grams)
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12 12 OZ. OZ. AALUMINUMLUMINUM C CANSANS
(15.3 grams)(15.3 grams) (14.3 grams)(14.3 grams)
Yearly Source Reduction EqualsYearly Source Reduction Equals1.0 grams x 100 billion cans = ~ 1.0 grams x 100 billion cans = ~
220,000,000 lbs.220,000,000 lbs.
1.0 1.0 gramgramsourcesourcereductioreductionn
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1.1.A little does a lot.A little does a lot. 2.2.It’s market driven.It’s market driven. 3.3.It’s always a good It’s always a good idea.idea.
AADVANTAGESDVANTAGESOFOF S SOURCE OURCE RREDUCTIONEDUCTION
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RRECYCLINGECYCLING VS. VS. SSOURCEOURCE RREDUCTIONEDUCTION
RecyclingRecycling Source ReductionSource Reduction
Recycle office paper.Recycle office paper. Photocopy on both sides,Photocopy on both sides,use E-Mail and Voice Mail.use E-Mail and Voice Mail.
Put clippings curbsidePut clippings curbside Compost your yard wastes.Compost your yard wastes.for collection.for collection.
Recycle cans, jars, bottles. Recycle cans, jars, bottles. Buy Buy concentrates or larger sizes.concentrates or larger sizes.
Drive to work, recycleDrive to work, recycle Take the bus, train or Take the bus, train or carpool.carpool.tires and batteries.tires and batteries.
Have your own mag. subs., Have your own mag. subs., Share with Share with office mates.office mates.recycle (maybe).recycle (maybe).
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DDEODORANEODORAN
TT
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TTOOTHPASTEOOTHPASTE
30-60% less 30-60% less packagingpackaging
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SSOFT OFT
DDRINKSRINKS
Weight ofWeight ofOuter Package:Outer Package: 3.2 oz.3.2 oz. 0.24 oz.0.24 oz.
92% Less92% LessPackagingPackaging
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CCOLDOLD C CEREALEREAL
82% 82% CerealCereal18% 18%
PackagePackage
98% 98% CerealCereal
2% 2% PackagePackage
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CCEREAL EREAL RREDUCTIONEDUCTION P POTENTIALOTENTIAL
Switching from box & bag to bag only equals about a 3 Switching from box & bag to bag only equals about a 3 oz. reduction.oz. reduction. If all the roughly 60,000,000 boxes of If all the roughly 60,000,000 boxes of
Froot Loops sold each year switched to Froot Loops sold each year switched to just a bag -just a bag -
The material savings would equal The material savings would equal approximatelyapproximately
11,250,000 Pounds 11,250,000 Pounds Saved.Saved.
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CCEREAL EREAL RREDUCTIONEDUCTION P POTENTIALOTENTIAL
Switching from box & bag to bag only equals about a 3 Switching from box & bag to bag only equals about a 3 oz. reduction.oz. reduction. If all the roughly 2.8 Billion boxes of If all the roughly 2.8 Billion boxes of
cereal sold each year switched to just a cereal sold each year switched to just a bag -bag -
The material savings would equal The material savings would equal approximatelyapproximately
500,000,000 Pounds 500,000,000 Pounds Saved.Saved.
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TTHINK HINK FFLEXIBLELEXIBLE
4747 % Package% Package 4 % Package 4 % Package 53 % Peanuts 53 % Peanuts 96 % Peanuts96 % Peanuts
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PPEANUT EANUT
BBUTTERUTTER
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PPEANUTEANUT B BUTTER (18 UTTER (18
oz.)oz.)
Weight of the jar:Weight of the jar: 10.2 oz.10.2 oz.1.7 oz.1.7 oz.
% of total weight% of total weightthat’s product:that’s product: 64% 64% 91%91%
Shipping andShipping andenergy comparison:energy comparison:
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CCOFFEOFFE
EE
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CCOFFEOFFE
EE
Needed to holdNeeded to hold65 lbs. of coffee:65 lbs. of coffee:20 lbs.20 lbs. 3 3 lbs.lbs. Recycled:Recycled: –11 lbs.–11 lbs. – 0 – 0 lbs.lbs. To landfills:To landfills: 9 lbs.9 lbs. 3 3 lbs.lbs.
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JJUICEUICE
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JJUICEUICE
Packaging needed to holdPackaging needed to hold1,000 gals.1,000 gals. 3,765 lbs.3,765 lbs. 524 524 lbs.lbs. % of total weight that’s product: 70%% of total weight that’s product: 70%
96% 96% Amount landfilled when 30%Amount landfilled when 30%of glass is recycled:of glass is recycled: 2,635 lbs.2,635 lbs. 524 524 lbs.lbs. RatioRatio 5 : 5 : 1 1
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WWHICH HICH
BBAG?AG?
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Height of 1000 bags:Height of 1000 bags: 46" 46" 4" 4"
Weight of 1000 bags:Weight of 1000 bags: 140 lbs.140 lbs. 16 lbs.16 lbs.
Shipping andShipping andenergy comparison:energy comparison:
WWHICHHICH B BAG?AG?
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WWHATEVER HATEVER YYOU OU CCHOOSE,HOOSE,
MMAKEAKE S SUREURE Y YOUOU R REUSEEUSE!!
ClotClothh
PlasticPlastic PaperPaper
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WWHAT’SHAT’S TTHEHE DDIFFERENCEIFFERENCE??
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WWHAT’S HAT’S TTHE HE
DDIFFERENCEIFFERENCE??
Estimated MPGEstimated MPG 20 20 23 23 Life of CarLife of Car 100,000 mi100,000 mi 100,000 100,000 mimi Gasoline UsedGasoline Used 5,000 gal 5,000 gal 4,350 4,350 galgal SavingsSavings – – 650 gal; 650 gal; $715$715
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1/2 1/2 lb.lb.
70 lbs.70 lbs.
SSMART MART
TTHINKINGHINKING
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WWHYHY D DOO W WEE
SSOURCEOURCE R REDUCE?EDUCE?
RREUSE?EUSE?
RRECYCLE?ECYCLE?
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WWEE R REDUCE,EDUCE, R REUSE, EUSE,
ANDAND RRECYCLE TOECYCLE TO
CCONSERVEONSERVE
RRESOURCEESOURCE
SS!!
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BBENEN & J & JERRY'SERRY'S P PEACEEACE PPOPSOPS
82% Source 82% Source ReductionReduction
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Ben & Jerry’s simple change from a box to a plastic Ben & Jerry’s simple change from a box to a plastic bag for bag for
the 11 million PEACE POPS they sell each year:the 11 million PEACE POPS they sell each year:
From A Life Cycle Perspective*From A Life Cycle Perspective* (Raw Material Extraction, Manufacture, Shipping, Disposal, etc.)(Raw Material Extraction, Manufacture, Shipping, Disposal, etc.)
The Change from the box to the bag SAVES:The Change from the box to the bag SAVES:
EnergyEnergy 6.7 billion Btu's or 1,175 barrels of Oil.6.7 billion Btu's or 1,175 barrels of Oil.
Air EmissionsAir Emissions 16,105 pounds16,105 pounds
Water EmissionsWater Emissions 11,768 pounds11,768 pounds
Solid WasteSolid Waste 165 tons of packaging and 165 tons of packaging and 55 tons of other waste from the life cycle.55 tons of other waste from the life cycle.
*Bousted Model*Bousted Model
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RREDUCEEDUCE RREUSEEUSE RRECYCLEECYCLE
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PPOUNDS OF OUNDS OF PackagingPackagingPER PER 1,000 L1,000 LOADSOADS
1.7 lbs. 1.7 lbs. 7.6 lbs. 7.6 lbs. 14.9 lbs. 14.9 lbs.
Source: Packaging Efficiency Study, ULS Report
11.2 lbs. 11.2 lbs.
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LLIFE IFE CCYCLE YCLE EENERGY OFNERGY OF
TTIDE IDE PPACKAGING PER ACKAGING PER 1,000 L1,000 LOADSOADS
Total % % Recycle Total 100% lbs. Virgin Content LCA Btu’s Recycled
Refill BagRefill Bag 1.7 1.7 75 75 25 25 61,850 61,850 – –
Refill BottleRefill Bottle 7.6 7.6 52 52 48 48 228,100228,100 125,400125,400
50 oz. Bottle50 oz. Bottle 14.914.9 57 57 43 43 475,350475,350 245,850245,850
200 oz. Bottle200 oz. Bottle 11.211.2 77 77 23 23 409,000409,000 184,800184,800
Source: Bousted Database and ULS Packaging Efficiency Study
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LLIFE IFE CCYCLE YCLE EENERGY NERGY WWITH ITH
BBOTTLES OTTLES RRECYCLED AT ECYCLED AT 100%100%
Source: Bousted Database and ULS Packaging Efficiency Study
250250
200200
150150
100100
5050
00RefillRefillBagBag
RefillRefillBottleBottle
50 oz.50 oz.BottleBottle
LifeLifeCycleCycleEnergyEnergy(1,000 (1,000 Btu’s)Btu’s) 61.8
125.4
245.8
184.8
200 oz.200 oz.BottleBottle
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WWHAT’S HAT’S TTHE HE PPOINTOINT
It’s impossible toIt’s impossible to
recycle enough bottles to be as recycle enough bottles to be as
resource efficient as the bag!resource efficient as the bag!
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TTHINK HINK CCONCENTRATESONCENTRATES
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TTHINK HINK BBULKULK
200 oz. size
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TTHINK HINK RREFILLSEFILLS
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TTHINK HINK
FFLEXIBLELEXIBLE
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CCONCLUSIONS ABOUTONCLUSIONS ABOUT
SSOURCE OURCE RREDUCTIONEDUCTION
1.1. Highly effective way to conserve.Highly effective way to conserve.
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CCONCLUSIONS ABOUTONCLUSIONS ABOUT
SSOURCE OURCE RREDUCTIONEDUCTION
1.1. Highly effective way to conserve.Highly effective way to conserve.
2.2. Complements, but does not replace,Complements, but does not replace,the need to recycle.the need to recycle.
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CCONCLUSIONS ABOUTONCLUSIONS ABOUT
SSOURCE OURCE RREDUCTIONEDUCTION
1.1. Highly effective way to conserve.Highly effective way to conserve.
2.2. Complements, but does not replace,Complements, but does not replace,the need to recycle.the need to recycle.
3.3. Produces some surprising decisionsProduces some surprising decisionsabout product and package choices.about product and package choices.
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RREDUCE, EDUCE, RREUSEEUSE ANDAND R RECYCLEECYCLE
•• We’ve all heard the phrase.We’ve all heard the phrase.
•• Now let’s make sure everyoneNow let’s make sure everyoneunderstands the value ofunderstands the value of
REDUCE!REDUCE!
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FFANTASTIK ANTASTIK
SSAVINGSAVINGS
60% less material60% less material 30% less $30% less $
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MMUSTARUSTAR
DD
WeightWeight WeightWeight (oz.)(oz.) %% (oz.) (oz.) %%
MustardMustard 9.09.0 3636 8.08.0 1414 PackagePackage 5.05.0 5454 1.31.3 8686 14.014.0 100 100 9.39.3 100100 71% less packaging71% less packaging per ounce of per ounce of productproduct
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SSOAOA
PP
WeightWeight WeightWeight (oz.)(oz.) %% (oz.) (oz.) %%
SoapSoap 4.84.8 9191 4.04.0 9898 PackagePackage 0.40.4 9 9 0.10.1 2 2 5.25.2 100 100 4.14.1 100100 85% less packaging85% less packaging
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SSHAVING HAVING
CCREAMREAM
WeightWeight WeightWeight (oz.)(oz.) %% (oz.) (oz.) %%
Shaving CreamShaving Cream6.36.3 6060 5.05.0 8080 PackagePackage 2.82.8 3131 1.31.3 2020 9.19.1 100 100 6.36.3 100 100 43% less packaging43% less packaging per ounce of per ounce of productproduct
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BBANDAGEANDAGESS
40 Count40 Count
Weight ofWeight of Package: Package: 1.4 oz.1.4 oz. 0.3 oz.0.3 oz.
79% Less79% LessPackagingPackaging
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PPACKAGING ACKAGING CCOMPARISON FOROMPARISON FOR
DDELIVERING ELIVERING SSALAD ALAD DDRESSINGRESSINGWeight per
Weight of 1000 gal.Recycling Amount Package of liquid Rate Landfilled % Product/
(oz) (lbs) (%) (lbs) INDEX* % Package
16 oz Glass Bottle16 oz Glass Bottle 13.4 13.4 670 670 25 25 503 503 15.24 15.24 55/4555/45
16 oz Pete Bottle16 oz Pete Bottle 1.81.8 9090 55 8686 2.612.61 90/1090/10
8 Single Serve8 Single Serve2 oz Packets2 oz Packets (Laminated Foil) (Laminated Foil) 0.70.7 3333 00 3333 1.001.00 96/4 96/4
*Weight comparison of materials being landfilled versus most efficient container.*Weight comparison of materials being landfilled versus most efficient container.
Source: The Cygnus Group, Ann Arbor, Michigan 1994. Recycling data from Peter & Associates and R.W. Beck & Associates
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PPACKAGING ACKAGING CCOMPARISON FOROMPARISON FOR
DDELIVERING ELIVERING JJUICEUICEWeight per
Weight of 1000 gal. Recycling Amount Package of liquid Rate Landfilled % Product/
(oz) (lbs) (%) (lbs) % Package
Standard ContainersStandard ContainersGlass (64 fl oz)Glass (64 fl oz) 27.7 27.7 3,463 3,463 2525 2,597 2,597 71/2971/29Steel (46 fl oz)Steel (46 fl oz) 5.85.8 1,009 1,009 3535 656656 89/1189/11PET (64 fl oz)PET (64 fl oz) 3.13.1 388388 5 5 369369 95/5 95/5 Paperboard (64 fl oz)Paperboard (64 fl oz) 2.72.7 338338 0 0 338338 96/4 96/4 HDPE (64 fl oz)HDPE (64 fl oz) 1.71.7 213213 2424 162162 98/298/2
ConcentratesConcentratesFrozen ConcentrateFrozen Concentrate 1.1 1.1 183183 00 183183 98/2 98/2 (12 fl oz makes 48 fl oz) (12 fl oz makes 48 fl oz)Concentrate in Juice BoxConcentrate in Juice Box0.60.6 98 98 11 97 97 99/199/1 (9.6 fl oz makes 48 fl oz)(9.6 fl oz makes 48 fl oz) Source: The Cygnus Group, Ann Arbor, Michigan 1994. Recycling data from Peter & Associates and R.W. Beck & Associates