S olid S olid Cannot be a liquid or a gas Cannot be a liquid or a gas N aturally Occurring N...
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Transcript of S olid S olid Cannot be a liquid or a gas Cannot be a liquid or a gas N aturally Occurring N...
SSolidolidCannot be a liquid or a gasCannot be a liquid or a gas
NNaturally Occurringaturally OccurringFound in nature, not man-madeFound in nature, not man-made
IInorganicnorganic Is not alive and never was, non-livingIs not alive and never was, non-living
FFixed compositionixed compositionHas a chemical formula, most are formed from Has a chemical formula, most are formed from
compounds of two or more elements, some minerals compounds of two or more elements, some minerals consist of one element ex. Auconsist of one element ex. Au
CCrystal Formrystal FormA definite structure in which atoms are arrangedA definite structure in which atoms are arranged
A mineral is a naturally A mineral is a naturally formed, inorganic solid formed, inorganic solid that has a definite that has a definite crystalline structure.crystalline structure.
Is it non-living material?Is it non-living material?Is it a solid?Is it a solid?Is it formed in nature?Is it formed in nature?Does it have a crystalline structure?Does it have a crystalline structure?
Wood
Gold
Fossil
Topaz
Bones
Granite
Quartz
Pearls
Talc
Icebergs
Diamond
Coal
Rock Salt
MineralsMinerals
a)a) GoldGoldb)b) TopazTopazc)c) QuartzQuartzd)d) TalcTalce)e) Iceberg*Iceberg*f)f) DiamondsDiamonds
Non-MineralsNon-Minerals
a)a) Wood - once livingWood - once livingb)b) Fossils – once livingFossils – once livingc)c) Bone - living materialBone - living materiald)d) Granite - intrusive igneous Granite - intrusive igneous
rock rock e)e) Pearls – made by oystersPearls – made by oystersf)f) Coal - Sedimentary rockCoal - Sedimentary rockg)g) Rock Salt – Sedimentary rockRock Salt – Sedimentary rock
According to IMA – ice is listed as a mineral. Why?
SilicatesSilicatesContains Silicon (Si) Contains Silicon (Si)
and Oxygen (O)and Oxygen (O)90% of Earth’s crust90% of Earth’s crustCombine with Combine with
elements such as Al, elements such as Al, Fe, Mg, and KFe, Mg, and K
NonsilicatesNonsilicates Do not contain Do not contain
combinations of Si and Ocombinations of Si and O May contain C, O, F, SMay contain C, O, F, S Classes of NonsilicatesClasses of Nonsilicates
Native Elements: Au, Cu, AgNative Elements: Au, Cu, Ag Oxides : Al or Fe combine Oxides : Al or Fe combine
with Owith O Carbonates: C + OCarbonates: C + O Sulfates: S + OSulfates: S + O Halides: F, Cl, I, or Br Halides: F, Cl, I, or Br
combine with Na, K, or Cacombine with Na, K, or Ca Sulfides: Pb, Fe, Ni, Sulfides: Pb, Fe, Ni,
combine with Scombine with S
Color – the same mineral can Color – the same mineral can come in a variety of colors, not come in a variety of colors, not reliablereliable
Luster – the way in which a mineral Luster – the way in which a mineral reflects lightreflects lightMetallic - opaque and reflective, like metalMetallic - opaque and reflective, like metalSubmetallic - to nearly opaque and reflect Submetallic - to nearly opaque and reflect
wellwellNonmetallic - not looking like a metal at allNonmetallic - not looking like a metal at all
Vitreous - glassyVitreous - glassySilky - fibrousSilky - fibrousResinous – yellow, dark orange, brownResinous – yellow, dark orange, brownWaxyWaxyPearly – like inside a molluskPearly – like inside a molluskEarthy – dull, looks like dirt or clayEarthy – dull, looks like dirt or clay
Streak – the color of the mineral Streak – the color of the mineral in a powdered formin a powdered form
Cleavage – when minerals break Cleavage – when minerals break along a smooth, flat surfacealong a smooth, flat surface
Fracture – when minerals break Fracture – when minerals break unevenly along a curved or unevenly along a curved or irregularirregular surfacesurface
Hardness – a minerals resistance Hardness – a minerals resistance to being scratchedto being scratchedMoh’s Scale of Hardness 1 - 10Moh’s Scale of Hardness 1 - 10
Density – how much matter is in a Density – how much matter is in a given amount of spacegiven amount of space
Special PropertiesSpecial PropertiesFluorescence – glow under ultraviolet Fluorescence – glow under ultraviolet
lightlightChemical Reaction – fizzes with acid testChemical Reaction – fizzes with acid testOptical Properties – double image Optical Properties – double image
formedformedMagnetism – magnetic, attract ironMagnetism – magnetic, attract ironTaste – saltyTaste – saltyRadioactivity – radium or uranium Radioactivity – radium or uranium
containedcontained