S H R D BEDROCK AQUIFER S D SR M S YTEM OFK NXCU , ID A · Sandborn Westphalia Freelandville Emison...
Transcript of S H R D BEDROCK AQUIFER S D SR M S YTEM OFK NXCU , ID A · Sandborn Westphalia Freelandville Emison...
Sandborn
WestphaliaFreelandville
Emison
Busseron
Fritchton
Verne
Ragsdale
Ridgeville
Iona Willis
Purcell
Saint Thomas
SR 67
SR 58
R. 12 W. R. 11 W.
T. 1 N.T. 1 S.
R. 11 W. R. 10 W.
T. 2 N.T. 1 N.
R. 8 W. R. 7 W.
R. 8 W. R. 7 W. R. 7 W. R. 6 W.
T. 6 N.T. 5 N.
T. 5 N.T. 4 N.
R. 7 W. R. 6 W.
T. 4 N.T. 3 N.
T. 3 N.T. 2 N.
R. 9 W. R. 8 W.R. 10 W. R. 9 W.
R. 11 W. R. 10 W.
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R. 9 W. R. 8 W.
8R. 10 W. R. 9 W.
R. 12 W. R. 11 W.
T. 6 N.T. 5 N.
T. 5 N.T. 4 N.
T. 4 N.T. 3 N.
T. 3 N.T. 2 N.
T. 2 N.T. 1 N.
T. 1 N.T. 1 S.
SR 58
SR 550
£¤41£¤150
SR 67
£¤50£¤150
£¤150
£¤50
£¤41
SR 61
£¤41
£¤41
SR 241
Bens Creek
River Deshee
Frick Ditch
Coun
ty Ro
ad 10
00 E
River Deshee
Plass Ditch
Swan Pond
Ditch
Williams Ditch
Upper River Deshee
County Road 800 SE
Kessinger Ditch
South For k Smalls C
reek
Pond Creek
Miller Ditch
Pickel Ditch
Old
Busse
ron
Creek
Black Creek
Coun
ty Ro
ad 16
00 E
GraysPond
County Road 1600 S
County Road 900 N
County Road 1100 E
County Road 850 E
County Road 1200 S
County Road 1100 S
County Road 1300 W
County Road 1100 W
County Road 300 N
County Road 1200 W
County Road 1175 W
County Road 1450 S
County Road 875 N
County Road 1800 S
County Road 200 W
County Road 900 E
County Road 600 N
County Road 1000 W
County Road 700 W
County Road 950 N
County Road 1000 N
County Road 1200 E
County Road 1400 S
County Road 725 N
County Road 800 W
County Road 1150 S
County Road 1250 S
County Road 1050 N
County Road 1100 E
County Road 1750 S
County Road 1000 N
County Road 350 E
Maria Pond
Wabash Pond
Claypole Pond
Mirror Lake
Broadie Lake
£¤41
SR 67
SR 61
£¤50
SR 241
£¤150
SR 58
SR 550
SR 159
SR 59
SR 441
SR 358
Wilson Creek
Pollard Ditch
Indian Creek
Marsh Creek
Flat Creek
Tilley Ditch
Maria Creek
Kelso CreekWabash
River
Hill Ditch
Snapp
Creek
Singer Ditch
Vieke Drainage System Ditch
Brush
Creek
Lowe
r Sha
ker
McC
oy C
reek
Beav
er Di
tch
White River
Prair
ie Di
tch
White River
Scott Creek
Wabash River
White River
Wabash River
White R iver
White River
Wabash River
White River
Wabash River
White River
Maria C
reek
Vincennes
Bicknell
Wheatland
Decker
Oaktown
Bruceville
Edwardsport
Monroe City
Johnstown
White Oak Public Access Site
Yocum Woods Wildlife Management Area
Clark's Landing Public Access Site
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Division B
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Division C5
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164
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242
124
190
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219
205
118
185
140
216
10
220
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183
152
196
240
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119
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18
217
241
206
213
209
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170
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120
202
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181244
174
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125
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239
226
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261
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215
123
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245
198
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Division A
41
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290
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140
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180
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65
1
35
19
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1525
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179
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49157
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150
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149
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17
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6
218
31198
299303
186
176
302
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160
1
212
147
122
298
199
35
252
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A Decker
22
34
810
1
6
11
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98
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St Mary Racine
27
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205
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F Mallet
297
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260
206
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283
17
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32
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110
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16378
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207
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201
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281
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158
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1521
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182
175
2223
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Garrison Land
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173
10
305
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1919
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2323
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2342-04419-EP
!C
Map generated by Scott H. DeanIDNR, Division of Water, Resource Assessment Section
BEDROCK AQUIFER SYSTEMS OF KNOX COUNTY, INDIANA
Division of Water Aquifer Systems Map 76-B
Map Use and Disclaimer StatementWe request that the following agency be acknowledged in products derived from this map: Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water.This map was compiled by staff of the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water using data believed to be reasonably accurate. However, a degree of error is inherent in all maps. This product is distributed “as is” without warranties of any kind, either expressed or implied. This map is intended for use only at the published scale.
Mitchell E. Daniels, Jr., GovernorDepartment of Natural Resources
Robert E. Carter, Jr., Director
This map was created from several existing shapefiles. Township and Range Lines of Indiana (line shapefile, 20020621), Land Survey Lines of Indiana (polygon shapefile, 20020621), and County Boundaries of Indiana (polygon shapefile, 20050621) were all from the Indiana Geological Survey and based on a 1:24,000 scale, except the Bedrock Geology of Southwestern Indiana (polygon shapefile, 20001124), which was at a 1:500,000 scale. System1 and System2 were from the Indiana Department of Transportation (line shapefile, 2003) and based on a 1:24,000 scale. Managed Areas96 (polygon shapefile, various dates) was from IDNR. City Areas in Southwestern Indiana (polygon shapefile, 1999) was from ESRI and based on a 1:100,000 scale. Streams27 (line shapefile, 20000420 ) was from the Center for Advanced Applications in GIS at Purdue University.
The occurrence of bedrock aquifers depends on the original composition of the geologic material and subsequent changes which influence the hydraulic properties. Post-depositional processes, which promote jointing, fracturing, and solution activity of exposed bedrock, generally increase the hydraulic conductivity (permeability) of the upper portion of bedrock aquifer systems. Because permeability in many places is greatest near the bedrock surface, bedrock units within the upper 100 feet are commonly the most productive aquifers. The yield of a bedrock aquifer depends on its hydraulic characteristics and the nature of the overlying deposits. Shale and glacial till act as aquitards, restricting recharge to underlying bedrock aquifers. However fracturing and/or jointing may occur in aquitards, which can increase recharge to the underlying aquifers. Hydraulic properties of bedrock aquifers are highly variable. Most bedrock aquifers are under confined conditions, mainly a result of low vertical hydraulic conductivity clay-rich materials, such as glacial till, overlying the bedrock. Therefore, the potentiometric surface (water level) in most wells completed in bedrock rises above the top of the water-bearing zone. The susceptibility of bedrock aquifer systems to surface contamination is largely dependent on the type and thickness of the overlying sediments. Because the bedrock aquifer systems have complex fracturing systems, once a contaminant has been introduced into a bedrock aquifer system, it will be difficult to track and remediate. Three bedrock aquifer systems are identified for Knox County. They are, from west to east and younger to older: the McLeansboro Group of Pennsylvanian age; the Carbondale Group of Pennsylvanian age; and the Raccoon Creek Group of Pennsylvanian age. Bedrock aquifer systems in Knox County are overlain by unconsolidated deposits ranging in thickness from less than one foot to 210 feet. The unconsolidated sand and gravel outwash aquifers near the Wabash and White rivers have far greater groundwater potential than the bedrock aquifers in the county. However, bedrock aquifers are widely used in Knox County where unconsolidated sediments are relatively thin and unproductive. Approximately 65 percent of all wells in this county are completed in bedrock.
The McLeansboro Group subcrop area is located throughout nearly all of Knox County excluding the area along the eastern portion of the county. This aquifer system consists in descending order of the Mattoon, Bond, Patoka, and Shelburn Formations; however, the Mattoon Formation is not present in Knox County. The Bond and Patoka Formations are composed of sandstone, shale, mudstone, siltstone, and limestone. The underlying Shelburn Formation consists of sandstone, shale, siltstone, mudstone, limestone, and coal. Two important members of the Shelburn Formation include the West Franklin Limestone at the top of the formation and the Busseron Sandstone at the base. These are the primary aquifer units within the McLeansboro Group Aquifer System in Knox County. The depth to the bedrock surface ranges from less than one foot to 180 feet; however, the typical depth to bedrock ranges from 18 to 62 feet throughout the county. Total well depths commonly range from 75 to 160 feet. The amount of rock penetrated generally ranges from 35 to 115 feet. Domestic well yields range from 2 to 15 gallons per minute (gpm) with static water levels ranging from 14 to 45 feet below the surface. High yields are typically associated with significant drawdowns. A few dry (pumped) holes have been reported. There are no registered significant groundwater withdrawal facilities using the McLeansboro Group Aquifer System in Knox County. In the majority of Knox County, the McLeansboro Group Aquifer System has a low susceptibility to surface contamination where thick clay deposits overlie the system. However where overlying clays are thin or absent, these areas are at moderate to high risk to contamination.
The Carbondale Group Aquifer System subcrops in portions of eastern Knox County. The group consists in ascending order of the Linton, Petersburg, and Dugger Formations. Bedrock deposits include mostly shale and sandstone with some limestone and commercially important coal. Depth to the bedrock surface ranges from 5 to 210 feet, however the depth to bedrock is typically from 28 to 140 feet throughout the county. Well depths generally range from 85 to 235 feet. The amount of rock penetrated ranges from 22 to 120 feet. The Carbondale Group is considered a minor groundwater source with most wells producing from the thicker sandstone and coal units found in the upper formations of the group. Reported domestic well yields range from 2 to 10 gpm with static water levels ranging from 15 to 75 feet below the surface. High yields are typically associated with significant drawdowns. A few dry (pumped) holes have been reported. Water quality from the deeper bedrock units is highly mineralized. There are no registered significant groundwater withdrawal facilities using the Carbondale Group Aquifer System in Knox County. Where the overlying sediment consists of thick fine-grained clay materials, the Carbondale Group Aquifer System in Knox County is at low risk to contamination from the surface or near surface sources. Where bedrock is shallow, risk to contamination from the surface or near surface sources is high.
The Raccoon Creek Group Aquifer System is present in a relatively small portion of northeastern Knox County. This aquifer system consists of three formations: Mansfield, Brazil, and Staunton Formations. The Raccoon Creek Group is composed primarily of shale and sandstone with some clay, coal, and limestone present. The Division has no records of domestic wells that are completed in this system in Knox County. However, in nearby Daviess County well depths are highly variable, ranging from 25 to 490 feet with 60 to 220 feet of typical bedrock penetration. Also, in Daviess County domestic well yields are generally 4 to 30 gpm with reported static water levels ranging from 1 to 197 feet below land surface. There are no registered significant groundwater withdrawal facilities using the Raccoon Creek Group Aquifer System in Knox County.
As noted in Daviess County, water quality is generally satisfactory for domestic use, with some wells producing hard water (calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate type) and some soft water (sodium bicarbonate type). However, records of a few of the deeper wells note salty water. Such water quality may also be noted in shallower wells in scattered low-lying areas. The aquifer system is not very susceptible to contamination from the land surface because of the typical presence of low-permeability materials above the water-bearing zones.
®
In approximately 5 percent of the county various coal seams, within the McLeansboro Group and the Carbondale Group, have been extracted by underground mining methods. About 50 percent of most coal seams are removed during mining operations leaving the potential for storage of substantial amounts of water. The Division of Water has information on a facility with two wells drilled into underground mines for such purposes as coal preparation. These wells have capacities of 40 and 500 gpm. A limitation on use of the water could be its more mineralized nature.
Underground Mine Areas
1 0 10.5 Mile
1 0 10.5 Kilometer
Bedrock Aquifer Systems of Knox County, Indianaby
Glenn E. Grove and Robert A. ScottDivision of Water, Resource Assessment Section
March 2011
Location Map
State Managed Property
Registered Significant Ground-Water Withdrawal Facility
EXPLANATION!C
Lake & River
Municipal Boundary
State Road & US Highway
County Road
Stream
Pennsylvanian -- McLeansboro Group Aquifer System
Pennsylvanian -- Carbondale Group Aquifer System
Pennsylvanian -- Raccoon Creek Group Aquifer System