SENSATION & PERCEPTIONChapter 4

VISION

Wavelength (rue) Amplitude Purity Cornea Lens Iris Pupil Retina -transduction Optic disk Optic nerve Rods Cones Light

Nearsightedness Farsightedness Receptive fields Lateral antagonism Monocular & binocular

cues Binocular Disparity: Monocular: one eye

binocular: Retinal disparity Size constancy Convergence Vision acuity

HEARING Wavelength Amplitude Purity Pinna Hammer, anvil, stirrup Middle ear Cochlea Semicircular canals Auditory pathway Intensity Timing  

Other senses Gustation Taste pathway Primary tastes Nontasters vs

supertasters Olfaction Pathway of smell Temperature Pain receptors Kinesthetic Vestibular

PERCEPTION

Reversible figure Perceptual sets Inattentional blindness Top- down processing

(aka form perception theory)

Bottom-up processing (aka feature detection theory)

Subjective contours Gesalt principles: Figure-ground Proximity

Similarity Continuity Closure Simplicity Perceptual hypothesis &

how context plays a role Perceptual constancy Motion parallax Pictorial depth cues Optical illusions Motion aftereffect

1. THE BASIC EXPERIENCE OF THE STIMULATION OF THE BODY’S SENSES IS CALLED:

(A) Sensation(B) Perception(C) Adaptation(D) Cognition(E) Conduction

2. THE FUNCTION OF THE LENS IS TO:

(A) Project an image onto the cornea(B) Focus an image on the retina(C) Locate an image(D) Contain receptor cells that are sensitive to light(E) Locate the blind spot

KEY TERMS

Sensation Threshold Absolute Threshold Just noticeable difference Signal detection theory Subliminal perception Mere-exposure effect Sensory adaptation Trichromatic theory Opponent Process Theory Phi phenomenon(Apparent motion) Vestibular sense

3. OLFACTORY CELLS ARE THE RECEPTORS FOR WHAT SENSE?

(A) Taste(B) Hearing(C) Vision(D) Smell(E) Touch

4. THE BINOCULAR CUE FOR DEPTH PERCEPTION BASED ON SIGNALS FROM MUSCLES THAT TURN THE EYES TO FOCUS ON NEAR OR APPROACHING OBJECTS IS CALLED:

(A) Convergence(B) Retinal disparity(C) Shape constancy(D) Interposition(E) Perceptual vision

5. THE FINAL STEP REQUIRED TO CONVERT VIBRATIONS INTO SOUND SENSATIONS TAKES PLACE IN WHICH PART OF THE EAR?

(A) Ossicles(B) Outer ear(C) Cochlea(D) Middle ear(E) Auditory receptors

6. BLACK-AND-WHITE VISION WITH GREATEST SENSITIVITY UNDER LOW LEVELS OFILLUMINATION DESCRIBES THE ROLE OF:

(A) The cones(B) The cornea(C) The fovea(D) The rods(E) The pupil

7. RECEPTORS FOR KINESTHESIS ARE LOCATED IN THE

(A) Retina(B) Joints(C) Semicircular canals(D) Olfactory epithelium(E) Taste buds

8. NEURAL IMPULSES GO DIRECTLY TO THE CORTEX WITHOUT PASSING THROUGH THALAMUS FROM RECEPTORS IN THE

(A) Retina(B) Joints(C) Cochlea(D) Olfactory epithelium(E) Taste buds

9. THE COILED TUBE IN THE INNER EAR THAT CONTAINS AUDITORY RECEPTORS IS CALLED

(A) Semicircular canal(B) Ossicle(C) Pinna(D) Cochlea(E) Oval window

10. JASON IS ATTENDING A PARADE THAT FEATURES THE LOCAL HIGH SCHOOL BAND. JASON’S FRIEND BRENT PLAYS THE TROMBONE IN THE BAND. IT IS DIFFICULT FOR JASON TO HEAR BRENT PLAY AT THE PARADE. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WOULD BEST ALLOW JASON TO HEAR BRENT'S TROMBONE?

(A) Sensory adaptation(B) Selective attention(C) Perceptual constancy(D) Weber’s law(E) Functional fixedness

ANSWERS

1. A2. B3. D4. B5. C6. D7. B8. D9. D10. B

Q. Dimitri and Linda are trying to learn a new routine to compete successfully in a dance competition. Give an example of how each of the following could affect their performance. Definitions without application do not score.

Cones

Dark Adaptation

Farsightedness

Basilar Membrane