S E A S O N SS E A S O N S

A Y E A RA Y E A R• YEARYEAR - period of time taken by the Earth to complete one revolution around the Sun.

• MONTHMONTH – – period of time originally measured with revolution of the Moon; today the reference is to period of time originally measured with revolution of the Moon; today the reference is to simplified calendar year.simplified calendar year.

• DAYDAY – – period of time required for one rotation of the Earth on its axis (period of time required for one rotation of the Earth on its axis (ось)ось)..

• HOURHOUR – – measure of time equal to the 24measure of time equal to the 24thth part of an astronomical day ( solar hour). It remains stable part of an astronomical day ( solar hour). It remains stable

throughout the year. Hours are divided into 60 equal throughout the year. Hours are divided into 60 equal minutes.minutes.• SECONDSECOND – – basic unit of time measurement in the International System of Units. basic unit of time measurement in the International System of Units.

A yearA year hashas fourfour seasonsseasons

S P R I N GS P R I N G S U M M E RS U M M E R

A U T U M NA U T U M N W I N T E RW I N T E R

M O N T H S’ R H Y M EM O N T H S’ R H Y M E30 days has

September, April, June and November.

All the rest have 31,Excepting February

aloneWhich has 28 days

clearAnd 29 in each leap

year.

S P R I N GS P R I N G(vocabulary)(vocabulary)

• the air is freshthe air is fresh• the snow meltsthe snow melts• quickly running streamsquickly running streams• birds come back and make birds come back and make

their neststheir nests• smells of the first flowerssmells of the first flowers• the trees are light greenthe trees are light green• fruit trees are in blossomfruit trees are in blossom• the sunshine’s raysthe sunshine’s rays• it may rain and even snowit may rain and even snow• first thunderstormsfirst thunderstorms• people plant and sowpeople plant and sow• promising timepromising time

S P R I N G M O N T H SS P R I N G M O N T H S

• March is the third month of is the third month of Gregorian year according to the Gregorian year according to the present calendar. March was the present calendar. March was the first month of the Roman year, first month of the Roman year, named for Mars, the god of war. It named for Mars, the god of war. It has 31 days.has 31 days.

• April is the 4th month of is the 4th month of Gregorian calendar. It has 30 Gregorian calendar. It has 30 days. The Romans gave this days. The Romans gave this month name Aprilis, derived from month name Aprilis, derived from aperire aperire (to open) because it is the (to open) because it is the season when season when budsbuds(почки)(почки) begin begin to open.to open.

• May,May, the 5th month of the year the 5th month of the year contains 31 days. It was the 3d in contains 31 days. It was the 3d in the old Roman calendar. In the the old Roman calendar. In the northern hemisphere May is the northern hemisphere May is the last month of spring.last month of spring.

SPRING IS GREEN

SUMMER IS BRIGHT

AUTUMN IS YELLOW

WINTER IS WHITE

S U M M E RS U M M E R(vocabulary)(vocabulary)

• bright green grass and trees bright green grass and trees

• a lot of beautiful flowersa lot of beautiful flowers

• the shining sunthe shining sun

• blue sky with rare light cloudsblue sky with rare light clouds

• singing and twittering birdssinging and twittering birds

• colourful butterfliescolourful butterflies

• the beauties of naturethe beauties of nature

• season of holidays for season of holidays for schoolchildren and grown-upsschoolchildren and grown-ups

• pick up berries and mushroomspick up berries and mushrooms

• go camping and hikinggo camping and hiking

• get sunburnt (sunbathe)get sunburnt (sunbathe)

S U M M E R M O N T H SS U M M E R M O N T H S• June, the sixth month, the sixth month,

consists of 30 days. The consists of 30 days. The etymology of the name is etymology of the name is uncertain either from the uncertain either from the Roman goddess Juno or from Roman goddess Juno or from the name of a Roman clan, the name of a Roman clan, Junius.Junius.

• July , the seventh month has the seventh month has 31 days. It was the month in 31 days. It was the month in which Julius Caesar was born which Julius Caesar was born and in 44 BC the month was and in 44 BC the month was named Julius in his honour.named Julius in his honour.

• August was given the name was given the name in honour of the emperor in honour of the emperor Augustus. To make it equal to Augustus. To make it equal to July, a day was taken from July, a day was taken from February and added to August. February and added to August. So it also consists of 31 days.So it also consists of 31 days.

A U T U M NA U T U M N(vocabulary)(vocabulary)

• colourful trees: yellow, red, colourful trees: yellow, red, greengreen

• to harvest a rich crop of to harvest a rich crop of fruit, vegetables fruit, vegetables

• birds fly awaybirds fly away• to think of coming winterto think of coming winter• it often rains and the first it often rains and the first

snow-flakes appearsnow-flakes appear• cooler; shortercooler; shorter• late autumnlate autumn• cold winds blowcold winds blow• Day of KnowledgeDay of Knowledge

A U T U M N M O N T H SA U T U M N M O N T H S• SeptemberSeptember was the seventh was the seventh

month in the Roman calendar month in the Roman calendar and takes its name from the and takes its name from the Latin word Latin word septem septem meaning meaning seven. Now it is the ninth month seven. Now it is the ninth month and has 30 days.and has 30 days.

• OctoberOctober was the eighth of the was the eighth of the Roman calendar as evidenced Roman calendar as evidenced by the name (Latin by the name (Latin octo octo – – “eight”). In Gregorian calendar “eight”). In Gregorian calendar it is the tenth month containing it is the tenth month containing 31 days.31 days.

• NovemberNovember is the 11 is the 11thth month month having 30 days. Among having 30 days. Among Romans it was the ninth month Romans it was the ninth month of a year composed of 10 of a year composed of 10 months.months.

W I N T E RW I N T E R(vocabulary)(vocabulary)

• snow-covered fieldssnow-covered fields• white and silverwhite and silver• snow-caped treessnow-caped trees• light (heavy) snowlight (heavy) snow• leafless treesleafless trees• ever- green pines and fir-ever- green pines and fir-

treestrees• winter sports and games: winter sports and games:

skiing, skating, playing skiing, skating, playing snowballs, making snowballs, making SnowmenSnowmen

• winter holidays: Christmas, winter holidays: Christmas, New YearNew Year

W I N T E R M O N T H SW I N T E R M O N T H S• DecemberDecember – the last month – the last month

in Gregorian calendar. It was in Gregorian calendar. It was the tenth in the the tenth in the Roman( Latin Roman( Latin decem –decem – “ten”) “ten”) calendar. It has 31 days.calendar. It has 31 days.

• January January - - the first month the first month consisting of 31 days got its consisting of 31 days got its name from Janus, the name from Janus, the Roman god of gates and Roman god of gates and doors.doors.

• FebruaryFebruary –the second –the second month. The name was month. The name was derived from the Latin word derived from the Latin word februafebrua signifying the signifying the festivals celebrated in Rome festivals celebrated in Rome in this month.in this month.