Ryerson Final Project

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ERIC PALIN HALL

Group 5 | Cohort’10

IIIntroductionII I. Analysis Objective II. Building Introduction

IIBuilding codes & RegulationsII I. General and Compliance, Occupant Type, Building Height & Area II. Building Fire Safety III. Plumbing Facilities IV. Barrier‐Free Study

IIMaterials & MethodsII I. Building Envelope II. Building Systems III. Building Components

IIBIMx I. Worksharing and Collaboration II. Building Systems III. Our Future with BIM IV. Renders & Visualizations

xCONCLUSIONII

INTRODUCTION

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I. Analysis Objective To further understand the building components and their

assembly in addition to synthesizing an understanding of the building envelope and its relationship with the various building systems

To comprehend the architects design intention in comparison to their relative success

To generate a BIM model of the building using Revit 2016, then use it to apply the OBC and Materials & Methods principles

To further our knowledge of BIM and its applications in a team environment, as well as BIMs future initiatives in the industry

To come to a conclusion of the buildings conformity and compliance with the OBC 2012 compendium

II. Building Introduction

The building is named after Eric Palin English born educator Canadian National Railway apprentice for 21 years Trained radar technicians in the military Involved with Ryerson since early beginnings 1944 developed the School of Electronics Served as both Associate Director and Assistant

superintendent to the University Retired 1968 It was constructed in 2 phases with the first 4 floors constructed in 1971, and the next 2 in 2002. The Sally Horsfall Eaton Centre for Studies in Community Health cost was $21‐million for a 6,480 sqm addition to Eric Palin Hall.

Name & Location Eric Palin Hall 87 Gerrard Street East ,Toronto, Downtown East

Status Completed

Year Completed 1971; 2002

Architects

Architect: Crang & Boake Architect: Lett/Smith Architects Designed two storey addition, 2002. Architect: Rounthwaite, Dick & Hadley Architects designed 4 storey building 1971

General use Educational

Affiliation Ryerson University

Addition Sally Horsfall Eaton Centre for Studies in Community Health In 2002, an addition of two storeys on this building was completed, to house the Sally Horsfall Eaton Centre for Studies in Community Health.

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

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I. General and Compliance, Occupant Type, Building Height and Area

a) General and Compliance The main program of the building consists of indoor classrooms and laboratories which are considered assembly occupancies according to the definition in Article 1.4.1.2. The building major occupancy type is of Group A Division 2 according to table 3.1.2.1. No changes in major occupancy has been done during the construction of the extension but the occupant

load was increased by more than 15%. Therefore part 3 of the building code was applicable to the new

extension.

Division B Parts 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 11 applicable to this building.

This study was done based on the building current condition.

b) Building Height

As per Article 1.4.1.2. “Building height means the number of storeys contained between the roof and the floor of the first storey”. Since the ground level around Eric Palin Hall is different in each elevation, the below calculations will determine the average grade level of the building: West Elevation: (2.81+1.85)/2x58.8 + (1.85+0)/2x7.2=137.004+6.66=143.664 North Elevation: (2.81+2.81)/2x58.3 = 163.823 East Elevation: (1.08+2.16)/2x49.2 + (2.16+2.81)/2x12.7 = 79.704+31.5595 = 111.2635 South Elevation: (0+0)/2x34.1 + (0+1.08)/2x24.2 = 13.068 Grade Level: (143.664+163.823+111.2635+13.068)/(66+58.3+61.9+58.3) = 431.8185/244.5= 1.76

Based on Article 1.4.1.2 “First storey: means the storey that has its floor closest to grade and its ceiling more than 1.8 m above grade”. The storey ceiling height is 3.9‐1.76‐0.3(slab thickness)=1.84m. Therefore the first floor is considered as a full storey and the building height is of 6 storeys.

BUILDING CODES & REGULATIONS

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c) Building Area

According to Article 1.4.1.2. “Building area means the greatest horizontal area of the building above grade,

Within the outside surface of exterior walls, or

Within the outside surface of exterior walls and the center line of firewalls. ” The areas per floor of Eric Palin Hall are as follow:

1st Floor: 3417 sqm 2nd Floor: 3448 sqm 3rd Floor: 3420 sqm

4th Floor: 3430 sqm 5th Floor: 3400 sqm 6th Floor: 3400 sqm

Being the greatest area of the building, the 2nd floor area 3448 sqm will be considered as the building area.

II. Building Fire Safety

a) Use of combustible and noncombustible materials Article 3.2.2.24 applies for our building since it is Group A, Division 2, 6 Storeys high and Sprinklered. It should be of noncombustible construction, floor assemblies shall be fire separations with 1hr fire‐resistance rating.

Load bearing elements such as walls and columns should be of the same fire‐resistance rating of the floor assembly above or below those elements as per Clause 3.2.2.24.(2)(c).


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Although the building is of noncombustible concrete structure for the first 4 floors and of noncombustible steel structure for the 5th and 6th floors, minor combustible elements and components are permitted and covered by the building code from Article 3.1.5.2 to 3.1.5.26. for interior finishing elements such as carpet, decorative wood cladding. b) Limiting Distance and Unprotected Openings Since the building is sprinklered and of Group A, the Limiting Distance and the Area of Unprotected Openings reference table would be table 3.2.3.1.(D) as per Clause 3.2.3.1.(1)(b).xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

As for the construction of the exposing building face mentioned in Article 3.2.3.7. it will be extracted from the table of that same Article.


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c) Fire Separations and Fire Ratings The access to exit according to Sentence 3. 3.1.3.(1) shall conform to Subsection 3.3.2. for Assembly Occupancy which requires under Sentence 3.3.2.5.(1) that the corridors used by the public as an access to exit be separated from the rest of the floor by a fire separation having a fire‐resistance rating not less than 1h. In Sentences 3.3.2.5.(3) and (4), the fire‐resistance rating and the fire separation could be waived if the floors where the corridors are located are sprinklered and the travel distance to an exit does not exceed the permitted limit in Article 3.4.2.5. which in our case is 45m according to sentence (c).

Fire‐resistance rating of vertical service space for elevator hoistway shall be a minimum of 1h since the floor assembly fire resistance rating is of 1h too according to Table 3.5.3.1. Same goes for the elevator machine rooms unless they are separated from the rest of the building by a fire separation having a FRR more than 1h. Fire resistance rating of vertical service space shall be a minimum of 45 minutes since the floor assembly fire resistance rating is of 1h according to Table 3.6.3.1.


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d) Means of Egress

As per Subclause 3.2.6.1.(a)(ii) a building is considered “High Building” if it is more than “18m high, measured between grade and the floor level of the top storey, and in which the cumulative or total occupant load on or above any storey above grade, other than the first storey, divided by 1.8 times the width in metres of all exit stairs at that storey, exceeds 300 ” Since the building is higher than 18 m between grade and top floor level, and in order not to be considered a high building, a 2.5m stairs were added so that the above required calculations results does not exceed 300. This calculation is shown in the image below.

The building requires more than 1 exit since it is more than 2 storeys and the occupant load more than 60 according to Sentence 3.4.2.1.(2). The distance between those exits is set by Clause 3.4.2.3.(1)(a) which is more than half the maximum diagonal of the floor area.


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At least two egress doorways are required for rooms that have an occupant load more than 60 according to Clause 3.3.1.5.(1)(b). The door swing from a room to the corridor providing an access to exit shall swing in the direction of travel if the room occupant load is more than 60 as per Clause 3.3.1.10.(2)(a). The distance between those doors should be equal or greater than the 1/3 of the room diagonal according to Sentence 3.3.1.5.(2).

Article 3.3.1.9. sets the safety requirements for a corridor used by the public and requires it to be a minimum of 1100 mm and obstructions within 680 mm and 1980 mm from floor level should not protrude more than 100 mm from the wall but can be more under 680 mm. According to Sentence 3.4.3.1.(1) the width of the exits will be determined from the occupant load of every room or floor in conformance with Subsection 3.1.17. This load will be multiplied by 6.1mm per person according to Clause 3.4.3.2.(1)(a) to determine the minimum width required for the corridors and doorways: 192 x 6.1 = 1171.2 mm. The existing corridor is 2900mm wide. The latter must not be obstructed nor diminished by the door width when hung by more than 50mm for each door leaf according to Sentence 3.4.3.4.(2).It is also permitted to have an occupancy in the corridor as long as it doesn’t reduce the unobstructed width of the corridor according to Sentence 3.3.1.9.(5).


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Clear height of exits over the clear width shall be not less than 2100mm as per Sentence 3.4.3.5.(1). This height is reduced to 2050mm in stairways according to Sentence 3.4.3.5.(2). Door closers shall not reduce the clear height of a doorway to less than 1980mm according to Sentence (5) of the same Article. Since our building complies with Clauses (a) and (b) Sentence 3.4.5.1.(1), exit signs should be placed over or adjacent to all the exit door they serve. The type of sign compliance is also governed by this same Article.

e) Exit Stairs Design

The finish of landings and treads shall have a surface that is slip resistant and a colour contrast between edges according to Clauses 3.4.6.1.(1)(a) and (b). Tactile attention indicators shall be installed according to Sentence 3.4.6.1.(2). Landing and stairs should have the same width according to Sentence 3.4.6.4.(1). Also according to the previous Article Sentence (3), the door swing must not reduce the exit stairs or landing to less than 750mm.If the stairs width is more than 1100mm it shall have 2 handrails according to Sentence 3.4.6.5.(1). If stairs are more than 2200mm in width, it shall have intermediate handrails at 1650mm according to Sentence 3.4.6.5.(2). Handrail circular section should have a sectional diameter between 30 and 43 mm according to Clause 3.4.6.5.(3)(a). The height of handrail should be between 865 and 965 according to Clauses 3.4.6.5.(5)(a) and (b). It should extend horizontally not less than 300mm at the required height beyond the top riser and continue to slope for a depth of one tread beyond the bottom riser followed by a 300mm horizontal extension as per Subclause 3.4.6.5.(10)(a)(i) and (ii). The clearance between the handrail and any surface behind it shall not be less than 50mm according to Sentence 3.4.6.5.(11). Steps treads shall be between 255 and 355 mm and risers between 125 and 200 mm as per Sentences 3.4.6.8.(1) and (2). The nosing should be rounded


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between 6 and 13 mm as per Sentence 3.4.6.8.(8). The doors shall open in the direction of exit travel as per Sentence 3.4.6.12.(1) and shall have a self‐closing device according to Clause 3.4.6.13.(1)(a). At least one handrail shall be continuous throughout the length of a stairway as per Sentence 3.4.6.5.(8) and shall be terminated in a manner not to obstruct pedestrian travel or create hazard Sentence 3.4.6.5.(9). f) Firefighting requirements and access Fire alarm is required in the building according to Sentences 3.2.4.1.(2)(c) and (d) since it is more than 3 storeys high and the occupant load more than 300 and could be a single or two stage system according to Sentence 3.2.4.3.(e). Since our building is sprinklered, no direct access is required from the outdoors to every floor that is below 25m above grade according to Sentence 3.2.5.1.(1). Access to roof shall be provided by a stairway or a 550x900 mm hatch from the “floor areas immediately below” as per Sentence 3.2.5.3.(1). The Access routes should be provided since the building is more than 3 storeys high and the building area more than 600 sqm as per Sentence 3.2.5.4.(1) and in our case will be located only on the North building face having the principal entrance since no other direct access is required from the other building faces. The Location should be between 3 and 15 meters from the closest portion of the access route and the building face. The standpipe system is required since the building is more than 3 storeys and more than 14 meters high according to Article 3.2.9.1. and should be located in either the exit stairs shaft or a vertical service shaft having a fire separation of 45 minutes of fire resistance rating according to table 3.6.3.1. The fire department connection to the standpipe should not be located more than 45m from the closest hydrant as per Sentence 3.2.5.16.(1). A 65 mm diameter hose connection is required in each storey according to Sentence 3.2.9.3.(2)and shall have a station in each storey according to Sentence 3.2.9.4.(1). This hose station shall be equipped with a hose rack and a 38mm diameter fire hose not longer than 30m according to Sentence 3.2.9.4.(2).


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It should be in a hose cabinet that contains hose connections, valves, fire hose, nozzle, horse rack and a fire extinguisher and allow the use of a fire department standard hose key according to Sentences (3) and (4) of Article 3.2.9.4.

Those hose stations should be clearly visible and located not more than 5m from every exit and can reach all parts of the building given that the hose stream stretches 3m from the nozzle as per Sentence 3.2.9.4.(5).

III. Plumbing Facilities According to Sentence 3.7.4.2.(2), the water closets shall be divided equally between males and females. Water closets for male can be substituted with urinals but their number cannot be more than 2/3 of the required water closets according to Sentence 3.7.4.2.(3) Clause (b). One lavatory shall be provided for one or two required water closets or urinals and one more shall be added for each additional 2 water closets or urinals according to Sentence 3.7.4.2.(5). The number of water closets required is determined by table 3.7.4.3.A. The water closets, urinals and lavatories shall not be visible from the entrance door of the room as per Sentence 3.7.4.16.(2). Drinking water shall be provided within a 100 m distance of any area of the floor as per Sentence 3.7.4.18.(1).


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IV. Barrier‐Free Study

Since we have 4 pedestrian entrances to the building, the number of barrier‐free entrances required is 2 according to table 3.8.1.2. One of those 2 entrances is required to be the main entrance as per Sentence 3.5.1.2.(2). As per Article 3.8.1.2. sentences (4) and (5), those entrances shall be designed in accordance with Article 3.8.3.3 and if the entrances have more than 1 doorway, then 1 doorway shall be designed in accordance to Article 3.8.3.3. At least 2 universal washrooms are required according to Table 3.8.2.3.A. and the number of barrier free water closets required is determined by Table 3.8.2.3.B. Doors shall conform to Article 3.8.3.3. minimum width and opening device. Water closet stalls shall be designed according to Article 3.8.3.8. and 3.8.3.9. and have a clear turning space of 1500 mm in diameter. Toilet seats should be between 460 and 480 mm away from wall with grab bars.

Universal washrooms should be able to fit an 810x1830 mm clear space for adult‐size change table according to Sentence 3.8.3.12.(3) and a 760x1500 mm clear space parallel to the table as per Clause 3.8.3.12.(5)(c).

V. Summary

TITLE COMPLIANCE %

MATERIAL COMBUSTIBILITY 100

LIMITING DISTANCES AND UNPROTECTED OPENINGS 100

FIRE SEPARATIONS AND FIRE RATINGS 100

MEANS OF EGRESS 100

EXIT STAIRS DESIGN 60

FIREFIGHTING REQUIREMENTS AND ACCESS 90

PLUMBING FACILITIES 80

BARRIER‐FREE STUDY 60

OVERALL COMPLIANCE 86


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I. Building Envelope “The envelope has to respond both to natural forces and human values. The natural forces include rain, snow, wind and sun. Human concerns include safety, security, and task success. The envelope provides protection by enclosure and by balancing internal and external environmental forces. To achieve protection it allows for careful control of penetrations. A symbol of the envelope might be a large bubble that would keep the weather out and the interior climate in.“ Richard Rush, The Building Systems Integration Handbook

MATERIALS & METHODS

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II. Building Systems

MATERIALS & METHODS

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a) Structural

b) Moisture protection

MATERIALS & METHODS

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c) Foundation System Reinforced concrete foundation footings were used in tandem with the post and beam concrete

structure for the first 4 floors In 2002 with the addition of the 5th and 6th floor, shoring was needed to strengthen the foundations

and structural system An additional shaft, caisson and bell were added in concrete

MATERIALS & METHODS

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III. Building Components a) Roof Structural Assembly

Tie Joists are used to provide lateral support to the steel members they’re connected to An additional web system of alternating vertical and diagonal members was added as the roof joist is

over 24” This allows mechanical services to be threaded through the joists in a transverse direction

b) Wall Structural Assembly Concrete structural walls were cladded with aluminium spandrel to cover certain walls Ribbed metal was used for other walls also cladded to the concrete structural wall A curtain wall system was imbedded in a steel z‐gurt system for the 5th and 6th floors Columns on the last two floors were aluminium cladded

MATERIALS & METHODS

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MATERIALS & METHODS

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a) Structural Shear Walls

Several walls were utilized as shear walls to assist in the structural loads of the building The walls were assessed and altered during the second phase of construction in 2002

MATERIALS & METHODS

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b) Slab Structural Assembly Steel beams make up the structural core of the slab A substructure of decking is added to the I‐beam to support a concrete bed Spray fireproofing with polyutherene foam acts as the protective fire proofing for the structure

c) Interior Assemblies

MATERIALS & METHODS

MATERIALS & METHODS

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I. Worksharing and Collaboration Ahad ‐ BIM Manager:

Foundations, columns, slabs, roof, envelope, site & context, façade details, renders, materials, building pad, wall reveals

Hasti: Beams, interior doors & windows, section annotation, interior walls 3rd, 5th and 6th, room tags, annotations & details, stairs

Marwa: Furniture, wall reveals, room tags

Nina: File setup, worksets, interior walls 1st, 2nd, 4th

Envelope: includes exterior walls (including insulation build‐up and finish), curtain walls, windows, exterior doors and roofs. Interiors: includes interior partitions, glazing Structural: includes columns, core walls, shaft walls and foundation Suites: includes separate Suites in building Site & Context: includes all ramps, soil and earthwork surrounding the site and its context Shared levels & Grids: contains the grid lines and levels that pertain to the entire project

BIM

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II. Team Challenges and Reflection on BIM Challenging areas using software & proposed solutions

Discrepancy of Information – Most of the drawings were not available in CAD format thus slowing down

the modelling process; a lot of details regarding materiality and detailing was also missing

Maintaining the accuracy ‐ as different team members were working on various levels of the vertical

building. Solution – The envelope was created first and the various team members aligned their levels to

it

Ensuring the integrity of the central file model; utilizing the local files separate local files for the various

team members were created and synchronized regularly with the saved central model – thus preserving

its integrity and eliminating any room for error

Maintaining the workset components ‐ Elements drawn by the team members had to be initially set on

the correct worksets; constant reminders were needed

Ensuring proper wall geometry; wall join. We had an issue with the alignment of the wall joints; they

were not properly adjoining at the corners; fellow peers in adjacent groups were consulted for

suggested solution, and when the challenge could not be overcome – we turned to the internet as a

resource

Improper task sequencing. The tasks assigned

during the phases of constructing the BIM model

were not optimized, which in turn disrupted the

process of the work as finalized tasks would need to

be revisited out of order

Working with VAPPS – advantages & disadvantages

Accessibility Working virtually through the network

enabled the team to work from anywhere, and for

longer hours on our respective local files, even

when/if our computers did not have the Revit

software installed

Delays & file instability As we progressed with the

modeling, the file got significantly larger. It became

quite unstable and very slow when working through

VAPPS, and at one point working off‐campus became

redundant

BIM

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III. Our Future with BIM

How is BIM changing the industry: Waste = Non‐value added effort (wasted effort) Information inaccuracy causing regathering several times through the life of the project 2008 design and construction spending projections by Engineering News‐Record comes out to nearly $400B annually The owner is the primary beneficiary despite being lethargic in pushing for change 2D Renditions ‐ 3D Modeling & Visualization ‐ 4D Time ‐ 5D Cost The future of BIM modelling is to include more of the lifecycles of the building Organizations have taken initiatives to develop a US National BIM standard Government (US Naval Forces, US Airforce, US Army) Organizations (Building Smart Alliance, 7Group, AIA) Corporations (Construction industry, WBDG)

BIM

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IV. Renders & Visualizations

BIM

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Conclusion

The building addition in 2002 created several challenges that had to be mitigated from both a materials

and method standpoint as well as from an OBC perspective. The designers and consultants overcame

these challenges by addressing the foundations, structural elements, and new enclosure systems. They

also had to accommodate the additional building loads, uses and fire safety standards.

There was not much effort made towards sustainability, for example natural ventilation techniques

were not incorporated (all windows are non‐operable), solar panels, green roof, etc. ‐ the buildings net

energy is not as low as it could be. The future of design is headed towards a zero‐net energy, and this

issue could later be improved upon in further renovations.

As of this degree of analysis, the building is compliant 86% with Ontario’s current building code, and its

building systems all serve their purpose quite well

Resources & References National Institute of building sciences Building Enclosure Technology & Environment Council Whole Building Design Guide NIBS National BIM Standard Committee

CONCLUSION

Ryerson Final Project

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