Rwandan Public Policy Observatory Report Gender

7/29/2019 Rwandan Public Policy Observatory Report Gender

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Legal and Policy Framework for Gender

Equality and the Empowerment of Women in

Rwanda

Pamela Abbott and Marklin Rucogoza

June 2011


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2 Institute of Policy Analysis and Research - Rwanda

Preace

The Rwanda Public Policy Observatory is designed to provide easily accessibleguides to the laws and policies o Rwanda. Each guide will provide a brie and simpleguide to the laws and policies in a given area o public policy. The guides will beinvaluable as an introduction and easy source o reerence or all those interested inany given area o public policy.

The intention is to produce a complete set o guides over the next two years. Theywill be available on the Rwanda Public Policy Observatory page o the IPAR-Rwandaweb site www.ipar-rwanda.org.

Copyright 2011by IPAR-Rwanda


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4.2.5 The National Decentralisation Policy ............................................................................... 11

4.2.6 The Girls Education Policy ...................................................................................................12

4.3 The Economic Rights and the Empowerment o Women ................................................12

4.4Womens Rights to Live Free rom Violence .......................................................................15

4.5Womens Political Rights and the Political Empowerment o women ...........................15

4.6The National Womens Council ..............................................................................................16

4.7Womens Rights in Marriage and the Family ........................................................................16

4.6.4 Womens Inheritance Rights ................................................................................................ 17

4.7.1 Abortion ....................................................................................................................................17

4.7.2 Womens rights to Contraception .....................................................................................17

4.7.3 Womens Rights to Antenatal Care ...................................................................................17

4.7.4. Womens Rights When Giving Birth .................................................................................18

4.7.5 HIV/AIDS, Condoms and Male Circumcision ..................................................................18

4.7.6 Mutual Health Insurance .......................................................................................................18

4.8Womens Right to Peace and Security ...................................................................................18

Reerences ..........................................................................................................................................19


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Institute of Policy Analysis and Research - Rwanda 5

1. Introduction

This document provides a brie guide to t the institutional, legal and policyramework or the promotion o gender eqhaity and the empowerment o womenin Rwanda. Rwanda has demonstrated a strong commitment to gender equality andthe empowerment o women. Equal rights or women is recognised as a human right,women are not the second sex. Gender equality is enshrined in the constitution.It was the rst country in the world to have more than 50 per cent o its memberso parliament as women. It legally mandates that at least 30 per cent o positionsin decision making organs at national, regional and local levels are held by women.There is a Minister or Gender and Family Promotion in the Prime Ministers Oce,a Gender Monitoring Oce and a commitment to gender responsive budgeting. The

Womens National Council ensures that women are able to have their voice heardlocally and nationally. Gender is a cross cutting issue in Vision 2020 (the countryslong term development ramework) and in the Economic Development and PovertyReduction Strategy 2007-2012 the mid-term implementation plan. Laws have been putin place to ensure women are able to inherit land on the same basis as men, haveequal rights in marriage and on divorce that criminalise all orms o gender basedviolence and protect women as well as mens employment rights.

However, there is still a long way to go. Traditional values, especially in rural areascontinue to construct women as inerior and subordinate to men. Nearly 60 per

cent o women work as dependent amily workers and over 80 per cent o womenare engaged in agricultural work, mainly in subsistence arming. Gender basedviolence is a major concern and girls continue to be underrepresented in scienceand engineering in secondary school and higher education. Girls are also muchless likely than boys to gain a place at a public university. Population growth rateremains high and the ertility rate is high burdening women with pregnancies andchildcare. Women, in addition to productive work on average spend more than 20hours a week on collecting wood and water, domestic work and childcare. Women,especially poor women and those living in rural areas are generally unaware o theirrights.

In terms o equal rights we can consider:

equal rights (treating men and women in the same way, not discriminatingon the basis o gender); promoting gender equality (dierential treatment to achieve equality ooutcome; positive action (treating men and women dierently to make up or historicdisadvantage.

Rwanda has variously developed laws, policies and strategies based on all three.Rwanda has, or example, legislated or equality in marriage, provides or the needs

and protection o women at work and ensures the political representation o womenby reserving seats or women in both houses o parliament and a quota or women


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or all political oces.

Rwanda has gone a long way to promote equal rights or women and to enablewomen to develop their capacities as this guide will demonstrate. However, there islong wa to go beore women are ully able to benet rom the laws and policies putin place by the Government.

2. International and Regional Framework

Rwanda has shown its commitment to gender equality and the empowerment owomen by ratiying (legally committing to implement) the international conventions

and protocols on gender equality and womens empowerment. On raticationunder the 2003 Constitution once a treaty is published in the Ocial Gazette adoptedinternational treaties and agreements became more binding than organic and ordinarylaws (Clause 190). This means that domestic courts and other governmental bodieslook to the treaty language itsel as a source o law. There remains, however, a needor a clear dissemination and implementation plan (Gender Monitoring Oce 2011).

2.1 International TreatiesRwanda has ratied the ollowing international treaties and protocols.

Universal Declaration o Human Rights 1948 and approved and ratied throughthe Presidential Order No 159/01 o 31st December 2002 (O.G. No 12 tero 15th June 2003). The Convention on Civil and Political Rights 1966. The Convention on the Elimination o All Forms o Discrimination Against Women(CEDAW) 1980 and approved and ratied through the Presidential OrderNo 159/01 o 31st December 2002 (O.G. No 12 ter o 15th June 2003). The Beijing Declaration and Platorm or Action 1995 The Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age and Registrationo Marriages concluded in New York on 10th December 1962 and approvedand ratied through the Presidential Order No 159/01 o 31st December

2002 (O.G. No 12 ter o 15th June 2003). The Convention on the Political Rights o Women concluded in New York on31st March 1953 and approved and ratied through the Presidential OrderNo 159/01 o 31st December 2002 (O.G. No 12 ter o 15th June 2003). The Optional Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Tracking in Persons,especially Women and Children supplementing the Convention AgainstTransnational Organised Crime concluded in New York on 15th November2000 and approved and ratied through the Presidential Order No 159/01o 31st December 2002 (O.G. No 12 ter o 15th June 2003). UN Resolution61/144 on Tracking in Women and Girls 2006.

The Convention on Married Womens Nationalityconcluded in New York on20th February 1967, approved, and ratied through the Presidential Order


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No 159/01 o 31st December 2002 (O.G. No 12 ter o 15th June 2003). Declaration on the Elimination o Violence Against Women 2003, UN Resolution61/144 on the Intensication o Eorts to Eliminate all orms o Violence AgainstWomen 2006, UN Resolution on Eliminating Rape and other Forms o SexualViolence in all their Maniestations including in Confict Related Situation 2007. The United Nations Security Council Resolution 1820.On Women, Peace andSecurity, 2008.

2.2 Regional Treaties and ProtocolsRwanda has not only made a commitment to promoting gender equality and theempowerment o women by ratiying international convention and protocols butalso by signing a number o regional treaties and protocols.

The Optional Protocol to the Arican Charter o Human and Peoples Rightsto Womens Rights in Arica approved and ratied through the PresidentialOrder No11/01 o 24th June 2004 (OG no special o 24th June 2004).


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East Arican Community and other Regional Treaties

Rwanda is a member o the East Arican Community (EAC), the New Partnershipor Arican Development (NEPAD), the South Arican Development Cooperation(SADC) and the Common Market o East and South Arica (COMESA). NEPAD iscommitted to the empowerment o women. SADC agreed a Declaration on Genderin 19997 and an addendum in 1998 on the Prevention and Eradication o Violence

Against Women and Children. The COMENSA Treatyrecognises that the sustainableeconomic and sustainable development o the region requires the ull and equalparticipation o women as well as men. The EAC Treatycommits the member statesto the mainstreaming o gender and the enhancement o the role o women incultural, social, political, economic and technological development .

The East Arican Community Gender and Community Development Framework

EAC Secretariat 2009

This Framework serves as a guide or the preparation and implementation oprogrammes and projects that are gender responsive. It identies as priorities puttingin place institutional and legal rameworks, the empowerment o women, gendermainstreaming especially in macroeconomic and sector policies and programmes,and gender, peace building and confict resolution.

3. Institutional Framework

3.1 The Ministry o Gender and Family PromotionThe Ministry o Gender and Family Promotion is located in the Prime MinistersOce. It leads the national machinery to promote gender equality and theempowerment o women throughout the country and the Minister representswomen at Cabinet level. The Ministry is responsible or ensuring that the NationalGender Policyis implemented.

3.2 The Gender Monitoring OfceThe Gender Monitoring Oce was mandated in the Constitution. It is responsible orensuring that systems are in place or monitoring and evaluating the implementationo gender mainstreaming and that gender disaggregated data is collected to enablethe monitoring o gender equality. It oversees the collection and analysis o genderdisaggregated data at both national and local levels.

3.3 The National Womens CouncilsThe National Womens Council was set up to coordinate the womens councilsacross the country in 1996. Its budget comes mainly rom Government through the

Ministry o Gender and Family Promotion.


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3.7 The Human Rights CommissionThe Human Rights Commission is responsible or ensuring there are no violationso human rights in the country. It looks at any violations and i necessary takes thoseresponsible to court.

4. Laws, Policies and Programmes

Promoting Gender Equality and the

Empowerment o Women

4.1 IntroductionIn this Chapter we set out in more details inormation on the ways in which laws andpolitics in Rwanda give women rights to equality with men and empower women.These are your rights as women and you need to claim them. Men need to supportwomen and make certain they are able to claim their rights. The Womens Councilsprovide an important organ to enable women to claim their rights. Collective actionby women though the womens councils and other organisations will enable womento make certain that they are able to exercise their rights.

There are three types o rights that women have;

1. the right to equal treatment with men, meaning that men and womenshould be able to have the same outcomes. So we should expect that girlsand women not only have the same rights to education as boys and men butthat the delivery o education takes account o girls and womens needs sothat they are able to do as well as boys and men;

2. specic rights where women have needs that men do not have - or example,the right to maternity care;

3. armative action rights where special measures are taken to speed up

the achievement o womens right and the empowerment o women - orexample by having a quota o seats or women in decision-making bodies.

4.2 Legal and Policy Framework

4.2.1 The ConstitutionThe Constitution o the Republic o Rwanda was introduced in 2003 ollowing approvalby a reerendum held on the 24th May 2003. Womens groups played an importantrole during the extensive consultations held on the Constitution and lobbied orquotas or women in parliament and public oce. The Constitution incorporates

the principals o gender equality and the elimination o all orms o discriminationagainst women and provides a strong legal ramework or mainstreaming gender.


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The provisions o the Constitution include:

universal surage. This means that all adults, men and women have the rightto vote and stand or oce in national and local elections; thirty per cent o all posts in ocial decision making organs are reservedor women. This means that at least 30 per cent o the members o alldecision making bodies such as the Cabinet, Parliament, District Councilsshould be women; twenty-our seats in Parliament are reserved or women. They areelected by a joint assembly made up o members o members o localauthority councils and members o the executive committees o womensorganisations at the local level. they are expected to ensure that the needs

and interests o women are taken into account in all laws discussed andpassed by Parliament as more generally representing the interests owomen; all citizens are born and remain ree and equal in rights and duties. All areequal beore the law. This means that men and women are equal; discrimination based on gender is illegal and punishable in law. This meansthat i you are discriminated against on the grounds o your gender theperson who does the discriminating can be punished. Discrimination onthe grounds o race, ethnicity, clan, tribe, colour, religion or belie, opinion,economic status, dierence o culture, language, social situation, physical or

mental deciency are also illegal. only monogamous civil marriage between a man and a woman is recognised.This means that you cannot have more than one partner at the same time.Husbands and wives are equal in marriage and have the same rights ondivorce. equal pay or work o equal value. This means you cannot be paid less onthe grounds o your gender; the right to education. This means that boys and girls, women and menhave the same rights to education. Primary education is compulsory whichmeans you are legally responsible or making certain your children attendschool until they have completed the primary stage;

members o parliament or the other ty-three seats are elected bycitizens. The lists o candidate s are drawn up by the political parties andmust comply with the requirement that 30 per cent o public oces areheld by women.

4.2.2 Vision 2020Vision 2020 is the long term development ramework that highlights thedevelopment goals or Rwanda It provides a vision o how Rwanda will transorminto a knowledge based middle income economy. Gender is a crosscutting issue.This means that women should benet rom develop as much as men do. All policies

and programmes are expected to take gender into account and ensure women andgirls needs are taken into account equally with those o men and boys.


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4.2.3 The Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy 2007-2012The EDPRS is the mid-term strategy or implementing Vision 2020.Gender is cross-cutting issue in EDPRS along with HIV/AIDS, the environment, youth and socialinclusion (including the inclusion o people living with disabilities). There are threekey programmes, private sector growth, Vision 2020 Umurenge Programme andpromoting good governance.

. The National Gender Policy guides the implementing departments in ensuringthat the strategies and programmes they adopt to implement the EDPRS are gendersensitive and empower women.

The gender monitoring oce ensures that gender disaggregated data is collectedand that policies, programmes and strategies related to EDPRS are monitored andevaluated to ensure they are promoting gender equality and the empowerment owomen.

. Gender responsive budgeting ensures that government spending is in line withmainstreaming gender in line with EDPRS.

The EDPRS Strategic Outcomes include the maternal mortality rate as one o thestrategic outcome indicators and the National Gender cluster plays a central role in

the annual review process, which looks at what has been achieved over the previousyear.

4.2.4 The National Gender PolicyThe National Gender Policy provides a ramework or the promotion o genderequality and the empowerment o women and demonstrates the Governmentscommitment to addressing all orms o gender inequality in the country.

The National Gender Policy clearly sets out the process o mainstreaming genderin all public and private sectors, policies, programmes, projects and so on. It alsoconcerned with the empowerment o women. The Ministry o Gender and Family

Promotion coordinates the implementation o the policy.

The Policy sets out the key objectives or ensuring the economic empowerment owomen: or employment and growth; or health; in education and vocational training;in governance and justice; in environment protection and land use management; othe most vulnerable; or participating in the private sector; in water and sanitation;in inrastructure; in transport; and, in ICT. All o these are in line with the EDPRSpriorities.

4.2.5 The National Decentralisation Policy

The National Decentralisation Policy enables women as well as men to take part inmaking decisions about priorities or government and contributing to the planning


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nancial institutions on the same basis as men it is also about being able to save andhaving the right own savings. Women have the same rights to control their ownsavings as men in Rwanda.

4.3.1 Womens Access to Finances

There are three Government guarantee unds administered by the NationalBank o Rwanda that can help poor women entrepreneurs access credit.The entrepreneur has to make an application and submit a business plan toa bank/micronance institution. The unds are: The Womans Guarantee Fund enables women who have no collateralor credit record to access nance or income-generating activities.

Women have to submit a viable business proposal to a bank or micro-credit institution. I the nancial institution accepts the proposal the undguarantees 50 per cent o the loan or individuals and 75 per cent orgroup loans. The maximum loan is 5 million FRW or individual loans and10 million or group loans, with a three year repayment period. Financialinstitutions are expected to have a ocal point to support applicants, andaccess to loans or women living in rural areas is seen as a priority; The AVEGA Guarantee Fund enables genocide widows whose businessplan is approved to have a loan with an interest rate set at 12 per cent; The Retrenched Public Servants Guarantee Fund is equally available to menand women and guarantees 50 per cent o the loan and an interest rate o10 per cent or applicants whose business plans are approved. The ceilingor individual loans is 5 million FRW, and 10 million FRW or group loans.

There are also Savings and Loans Cooperatives and other institutions which canprovide nance or starting up or developing an income-generation activity. Theseinclude:

Umurenge SACCOs savings and credit cooperatives being started in everyvillage with the support o the Government; Peoples Bank or Womens Programme; COOPEDUC a savings and credit cooperative stated by the womensAssociation DUTERIMBERE UMWARIMU SACCO helps school to access teachers sot loans (withoutcollateral).

4.3.2 Womens Land Rights

Women have the same rights to inherit land as men.

4.3.3 Womens Employment Rights

The extent to which the Labour Law applies women depends on the work that they

do. I they work:


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or a amily enterprise (arming or non-arming) only the provisions relatingto health and saety at the workplace, to child labour and to pregnant andbreasteeding mothers apply; or inormal sector worker only the provisions relating to social security,trade union organisation and health and saety at work apply; in the ormal sector all the provisions o the Law apply; or the Government the Civil Service Code applies but so do most o theprovisions o the Labour Law.

The Labour Law:

prohibits child labour: boys and girls under 16 are not allowed to beemployed, and those between 16 and 18 years are restricted in the hours

they can work and they are not allowed to do dangerous work or work atnight; prohibits orced work, being made to work against your wishes, except ormilitary service and civic work; prohibits gender-based violence and harassment; i you leave youremployment because o gender-based violence by your supervisor orbecause you reported someone or gender-based violence it counts asunair dismissal; prohibits discrimination on the grounds o gender, marital status or amilyresponsibilities; you cannot , or example, be reused a job because you are

married, because you are a woman or because you have children; the working week is normally a maximum o 45 hours and one 24 hour restperiod must be given each week, normally on a Sunday; workers are entitled to a minimum o one and a hal working days annualleave or each month worked; workers are entitled to up to six months o sick leave, the rst threemonths o which are paid; women have the right to 12 consecutive weeks maternity leave, six weekso which are paid and six weeks paid at 20 per cent o ull pay; women maychoose to return to work ater the rst six weeks o maternity leave, andon return to work they must return to their old job or an equivalent one;

a nursing mother is entitles to an hour a day o paid rest or 12 monthsrom the birth o their child; i a mother returns to work ater six weeks omaternity leave she is entitled to two hours a day or the rst six weeks; pregnant and breasteeding mothers are not allowed to do any activitiesthat may be harmul to their lives or that o their baby; you cannot be sacked rom your job because you are pregnant; employers are responsible or the health and saety o the workplace; people cannot be discriminated against because o a disability; i you becomedisabled due to a disease or accident at your workplace and cannot carry onwith your previous job your employer is requested to nd you alternative

employment you can do; workers have the right to belong to a trade union or proessional association;


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workers have the right to strike provided they ollow the procedures setout in the Law;

Individual disputes with employers should be settled amicably; i you ail tocome an agreement with your employer you should reer the matter to theLabour Inspector, and i the matter remains unresolved you can take youremployer to court.

4.4 Womens Rights to Live Free rom ViolenceThe Law legislates or zero tolerance o gender-based violence. It is not acceptableunder any circumstances. Any GBV by any man against any woman or girl isagainst the law. The law provides or legal sanctions against gender-based violenceperpetrators.

Gender-based violence includes physical violence, sexual violence , economicviolence and psychological violence. Bullying, unwanted sexual advances orthreatening you with violence are all GBVG ender-based violence includes neglectingchildren because o their gender. Parents are responsible or protecting your childrom this type o violence.

Gender-based violence also includes marrying more than one partner at the sametime (polygamy) or living with someone as i married while still being married tosomeone else. It is also gender-based violence i a women works or her partner andhe does not provide or her keep.

Gender-based violence can be use as grounds or divorce against.

4.5 Womens Political Rights and the Political Empowerment owomen

4.5.1 Women Representation on Decision Making Bodies

Any decision-making body should have at least 30 per cent o emale members; thisis to insure that the interests and needs o women and girls are taken into account

equally with those o men and boys. Under the Constitution at least 30 per cent oseats have to be reserved or women in all decision-making organs, including Senate,the Lower Chamber o Parliament, the Cabinet, Permanent Secretaries, SupremeCourt Judges, High Court Judges, Gacaca Court Judges, Provincial Governors,Mayors and members o Provincial and District Councils.

Twenty-our seats in the Lower Chamber o Parliament are reserved or womenand these are elected by women. In addition, at least 30 per cent o those includedon the party lists or election to the Lower Chamber have to be women.

4.5.2 Womens Right to Vote


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There is universal adult surage in Rwanda. All adults aged 18 years or older havethe right to vote in elections or local councils and the Parliament. Women haveequal rights with men to vote and in addition have the right to vote or the 24women members o Parliament elected through the National Womens Council.

4.6 The National Womens CouncilThe National Womens Council is specically in place to ensure that the needs andinterests o women and girls are taken into account. All women have the right tobe members o the General Assembly o their local Womens Council and to standor election or the Executive Committee. This ensures that the views o grassrootswomen are put orward and can be taken into account at every level rom theDistrict Council to the Government (Parliament and the Cabinet).

The Womens Council elects the 24 women members o Parliament or the seatsreserved or women. These women are in Parliament to ensure that the needsand interests o women and girls are taken into account in the Budget and allGovernment Legislation

4.7 Womens Rights in Marriage and the Family4.6.1 Womens Rights to Martial Property

When people get married they have to decide how they are going to manage your

property. They have three choices:

1. community o property, which means that all the things a husband andwie own belong to both o them equally except or items or personaluse such as cloths, jewellery and tools, which remain personal property;

2. limited community o assets, which means that on marriage a couple agreewhich o the things they own or acquire during your marriage becomecommunal property and which remain their own personal property;

3. separation o property means that each partner retains their your own

property and contribute to the household expenses.

4.6.2 Womens Rights in Marriage and Family Lie

Only monogamous civil marriage between a man and wie is legally recognised. Noone can be married without their consent. Forced marriage is illegal.

Wives and husbands have equal rights in marriage and both mothers and athershave the right and duty to bring up their children.

Husbands have a duty to eed their wives. This means that a husband must provideor his wies maintenance.


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4.6.3 Womens Rights on Divorce

On legal separation or divorce, there is a right to an equal share o the propertyi marriage was under the community o property (Communaut de bien). Thosemarried under limited community o property share what belongs to the household.Those married under the separation o property are entitled to their own property.

Women who sue or a divorce i it is granted can be awarded maintenance. Aormer partner can be ordered to pay up to one third o his/her income to a ormerpartner.

4.6.4 Womens Inheritance RightsI a husband dies and the marriage was under the joint property or limited communityo property regime the wie becomes responsible or all the property and she isexpected to raise the children o the marriage children and look ater the parentso deceased husband i they are needy. Women who remarried while they still havedependent children get a quarter o the property and administer the rest on behalo their children. Women without dependent children get hal the property and thelegitimate heirs o their husband gets the other hal. I a woman ails to look aterthe needy parents o her deceased husband/wie or the dependent children they aregiven part o the property.

Women married under the separation o property regime children inherit theproperty o a deceased husband or, i there are no children, a relative as denedin the law. All your legitimate children, girls as well, as have a right to inherit theproperty on the death o their parents.

4.7 Womens Reproductive Rights and Right to Health

4.7.1 AbortionWomen only have a right to have an abortion i their physical and/or mental healthwould be seriously in danger ithey continued with the pregnancy or i the unborn

child is in danger o dying.

4.7.2 Womens rights to ContraceptionWomen have the right to contraception advice and to modern contraceptives ithey are 21 years or older. Contraceptives are available at health clinics or hospitals.

4.7.3 Womens Rights to Antenatal CareWomen have the right to our ante natal care visits during pregnancy and to be

tested or HIV when


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4.7.4. Womens Rights When Giving BirthWomen have the right to give birth to your baby in a health care centre.

4.7.5 HIV/AIDS, Condoms and Male CircumcisionWomen are more likely to be inected with HIV in Rwanda than men but men aremore likely to inect other people. All adults in need o treatment are entitled toree treatment. The Government is encouraging all men to become circumcised.Male and emale condoms are available ree.

4.7.6 Mutual Health Insurance

Everyone in Rwanda is entitled to basic medical care ree and on demand i theyhave health insurance. The Mutual Health Insurance provides aordable insurancewith graduated payments so that the poorest are entitles to ree membership andthe better o make larger contributions (2011 Budget Speech).

4.8 Womens Right to Peace and SecurityThere is a Nation Action Plan or implementing the United Nations SecurityCouncil Resolution on Women, Peace and Confict. A steering committee chairedby the Minister o Gender and Family Promotion is responsible or overseeing theimplementation o the Action Plan. The Action Plan identies ve priorities:

1. prevention o violence and confict;

2. protection o womens rights and taking into account the special needs owomen;

3. reinorcement o womens participation in decision making;

4. peace-building and womens empowerment in the post-genocide reconstruction;

5. coordination and evaluation o the implementation o the Action Plan.


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Reerences

Ministry o Finance and Economic Planning (2003). Economic Development andPoverty Reduction Strategy 2007 -2012. Kigali: Government o Rwanda.

1. Index o Key Laws and Policies Relevant to Gender Equality andthe Empowerment o Women

Ministry o Education (2008). Girls Education Policy. Kigali: Government o Rwanda.

Ministry o Finance and Economic Planning (2003) Vision 2020. Kigali: Government o Rwanda.

Ministry o Finance and Economic planning (2003). The Constitution o Rwanda. Kigali: Government o

Rwanda.

Ministry o Finance and Economic Planning (2007) Economic Development and Poverty Reduction

Strategy. Kigali: Government o Rwanda.

Ministry o Finance and Economic Planning (2010) National Population Policy. Kigali: Government o

Rwanda.

Ministry o Gender and Family Promotion (2010). National Gender Policy. Kigali: Government oRwanda.

Ministry o Gender and Family Promotion (2009). National Action Plan: United Nations Security Council

Resolution 1325/2000 on Women, Peace and Security. Kigali: Government o Rwanda.

Ministry o Land, Environment, Forestry, Water and Mines ((2008). Strategic Road Map or Land

Tenure Reorm. Kigali: Government o Rwanda.

Ministry o Local Government (2009). Revised Community Development Policy. Kigali: Government o

Rwanda.

Ministry o Health (2006). The National Family Planning policy and Its Five Year Strategy (2006-2010).

Kigali: Government o Rwanda.

Laws

Ocial Gazette o the Republic o Rwanda. Law N0-22/99 o 12/11/1999 to Supplement Book One o the

Civil Code and to Institute Part Five Regarding Matrimonial Regimes, Liberalities and Successions (O.G.no.22

o 15/11/1999). Kigali 15th November 1999.

Ocial Gazette o the Republic o Rwanda. Law No

47/2001 o 18/12/2001Instituting Punishment orOences o Discrimination and Sectarianism. Kigali: 18th December 2001.


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Ocial Gazette o the Republic o Rwanda. Law No 42/2000 o the 15th December 2000 Related to

the Organisation o Election o Leaders at Grassroots Levels in Rwanda as modied by Law No. 13/2002 o

12/03/2002. Kigali: 19th March 2002.

Ocial Gazette o the Republic o Rwanda. Organic Law Special o 4th June 2003 The Constitution o the

Republic o Rwanda. Kigali:4th June 2003.

Ocial Gazette o the Republic o Rwanda. Organic Law No 16/2003 o 27/06/2003 Governing Poli tical

Organisations and Politicians. Kigali:June 27th 2003.

Ocial Gazette o the Republic o Rwanda . Organic Law No 17/2003 o 07/07/2003 Governing

Presidential and Parliamentary Elections. Kigali: 7th July 2003.

Ocial Gazette o the Republic o Rwanda. Organic Law o 03/12/2004 on Rwandan Nationality Code.

Kigali: 3rd December 2004.

Ocial Gazette o the Republic o Rwanda. Organic Law N008/2005 0 14/07/2005 Determining the Use

and Management o Land in Rwanda. Kigali:15 September 2005.

Ocial Gazette o the Republic o Rwanda. Law No 51/2007 o 20/09/2007 Determining the

Responsibilities o the Gender Monitoring Oce. Kigali: October 20th 2007.

Ocial Gazette o the Republic o Rwanda. Organic Law No30/2008 o 25/07/2008 Relating to RwandanNationality. Kigali:July 25th 2008.

Ocial Gazette o the Republic o Rwanda. Organic Law No 12/2008 o 09/05/2008 Relating to Elect ion

Procedures o Rwandan Representatives to the East Arican Legislative Assembly. Kigali: May 9th 2008.

Ocial Gazette o the Republic o Rwanda. Law No59/2008 o 10th Sept 2008 Providing Legal Sanctions

against Gender Based Violence. Kigali: 10th Sept 2008

Ocial Gazette o the Republic o Rwanda. Law No 59/2008 o 10/09/2008 on Prevention and

Punishment o Gender Based Violence. Kigali: April 6th, 2009.

Ocial Gazette o the Republic o Rwanda. Law No 102009 o 14/05/2009On Mortgages. Kigali: May

15th 2009.

Ocial Gazette o the Republic o Rwanda. Law No. 13/2009 o 27/05/2009 Law Regulating Labour in

Rwanda. Kigali: 27th May 2009.

Ocial Gazette o the Republic o Rwanda. Law No27/2010 o 19/06/2010 Relating to Elections. Kigali:

June 19th 2010.

Ocial Gazette o the Republic o Rwanda . aw No 02/2011 o 10/02/2011 Determining theResponsibilities o the National Womens Council. Kigali: February 10 th 2011.


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NOTES

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Rwandan Public Policy Observatory Report Gender

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Transcript of Rwandan Public Policy Observatory Report Gender