Rwanda: Africas Emerging Mining Destination...Global Competitiveness2 #4 least corrupt Country in...

Rwanda: Africa’s Emerging Mining Destination

Investment & Business Opportunities

SIX REASONS FOR INVESTING IN RWANDA'S MINING SECTOR

2

Consolidating and modernizing ASM sector ASM players being incentivized to consolidate and provided with equipment financing and training

World-class tin-tantalum-tungsten mining province 3T mining sector already supplies global markets; opportunity to optimise & expand

Significant untapped gold potential Known gold deposits in world-class regional gold belt that are ‘drill ready’

Modern exploration of highest priority Government undertaking exploration with SRK in seven sites and supporting mining operators in fund raising for large scale exploration

Prospectivity for high grade lithium Known occurrences of high grade lithium in Rwanda, with the potential for economic discoveries from more focused exploration

Rwanda offers a supportive legal & regulatory framework Strong government support to revitalise the mining sector and a new mining code

23 Project Areas available 23 Potential Target Areas (PTAs) identified that offer immediate opportunities for new entrants into the country’s mining sector

Early stage or drill ready The PTAs comprise a variety of development stages, from advanced to early stage exploration

Extensive exploration undertaken Data base from geophysical/geochemical programmes (regional/local) available

JV opportunities Existing licence holders are potential JV opportunities, with the government keen to encourage this to formalise the sector

Value addition opportunities These include opportunities to set up processing plants for tungsten, gemstone cutting and polishing centres and mining equipment and laboratory service centre

OPPORTUNITIES

WHY INVEST IN RWANDA?

RWANDA AT A GLANCE

4

Population size

12.1 million

Official languages

Kinyarwanda,

French, English, Swahili

Literacy/Employment

70.5% / 83.3%

Currency/exchange rate

Rwanda Francs (RWF)

~RWF 847/USD

Govt. & Parliament

Presidential republic

Bicameral parliament

GDP per capita

USD 703 per capita

GDP (6 yr growth)

USD 8.1bn (7.3% p.a.)

Ratings

B+, “stable” - Fitch

B, “stable” - S&P

Sources: World Atlas, World Bank, Fitch, S&P - all 2016 except: population and Fitch rating 2017, exchange rate 2018

RWANDA IS …

5 Source: Rwanda Development Board (RDB), 2018

... low risk

... business friendly and modern

... a regional platform

... fast growing

... home to rich natural advantages

Safe and secure – 5th safest country to walk at night worldwide Stable – lowest debt ratio in region; stable

credit ratings High level of governance - #1 govt. transparency in Africa

Free trade agreements with ~50 countries

Preferential access to immediate proximity market of 60m Strong African hub potential; highly connected

African airline 3rd MICE ranking in Africa; +18 ranks in 3 years

2nd fastest growing economy in Africa; 2nd FDI/GDP in region

Most improved nation in human development in the world

2nd for doing business in Africa; 6hr business registration Growing bilingual and educated workforce (~47,000

grad./yr) Modern – 95% network coverage; 4th in global gender equality

Rich raw material availability; 17+ agri-inputs

Highest gorilla population in Virunga Massif; 1.2m tourists

STRONG ECONOMIC GROWTH AND HIGH LEVEL OF INVESTOR CONFIDENCE

6

Source: World Bank 2017

4.0%

5.3% 5.7% 6.0% 6.8%

10.2%

7.3%

Average GDP growth 2010-2016 (%)

... with strong level of FDI versus GDP

1.6

2.3

3.8 3.4

3.9 4.3

Ethiopia Rwanda Tanzania Kenya EA Uganda SSA Tanzania Rwanda Uganda Ethiopia Kenya Burundi average average

Second highest growth in East African region ...

FDI/GDP in 2016

2nd in Africa

HIGH STABILITY REFLECTED BOTH THROUGH REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL STABLE CREDIT RANKINGS

7

35.4 40.5 38.4

Kenya Rwanda Ethiopia Tanzania

52.7

34.6

Uganda Burundi

48.6

Public debt to GDP (%)

Lowest debt ratio in the region ... ... with stable international credit ratings

Credit ratings

2017: B+ (stable)

2016: B (stable)

Source: World Bank, Fitch 2017 rankings, S&P 2016 rankings

ROBUST GOVERNANCE AND INVESTOR FRIENDLY CLIMATE

8

#2 in Africa for Ease of Doing Business1 and Global Competitiveness2

#4 least corrupt Country in Africa

Total effective tax lowest in East African Community region

Preferential corp. income tax rate (15% if 50% exported)

Accelerated first year depreciation rate 50%3

Exempt capital gains & 0% tax if HQ in Rwanda

Duty-free imports of machinery & inputs4

Highly digitalized and efficient administration (6 hours to register a business)

Free business registration

One-stop center for investors with dedicated investment acceleration team

No restrictions to foreign ownership

No restrictions on capital flows

1. World Bank; 2. WEF; 3. Subject to investing USD50k in business assets; 4. In accordance with EAC customs reg. Source: RDB Investors Presentation

Business friendly regulation

Multiple incentives – largely for exporters

Efficient, supported processes

Commitment to foreign ownership

MINING FRAMEWORK IN RWANDA

RWANDA COMMITTED TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MINING INDUSTRY

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Ambition to become a regional hub for mineral services, such as processing and beneficiation.

Strong legal and regulatory framework in place for the mining sector;

Legislation and policies attractive to investors and supportive for foreign direct investment;

Strong government support and a willingness to improve the mining sector;

INTERLOCKING REGULATORY FRAMEWORK IMPLEMENTING A TRANSPARENT MINING CODE

RWANDA MINES, PETROLEUM, GAS, BOARD (RMPGB)

RWANDA DEVELOPMENT BOARD (RDB)

Responsible for the development of policies, laws, and regulation

Responsible for implementation of the national mining policies and strategies

Responsible for supporting sustainable economic growth and development

Responsible for implementation of environmental policies and laws

RWANDA ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY (REMA)

Policy Drafting

Policy Implementation

Economic Development

Environmental Protection

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FOREFRONT OF SUSTAINABILITY AND TRANSPARENCY OF THE MINING SECTOR

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF MINING IN RWANDA

3-year technical assistance programme to support the sustainable growth of Rwanda’s mining sector, with a focus on artisanal and small mines. Intended results:

• A more professional, open and transparent mining sector;

• A more efficient and economically viable mining sector, in line with environmental best-practice;

• Increased level of private investment in the sector;

• Improved incomes of artisanal miners

Funded by the British Government’s Department for International Development (DFID) as part of the UK’s aid programme and being implemented by Cardno Emerging Markets (UK), Ltd

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ITRI SUPPLY CHAIN INITIATIVE (ITSCI)

“ITSCI’s purpose is to create responsible mineral supply chains that avoid contributing to conflict, human rights abuses, or other risks such as bribery.”

Managed by the ITA (formerly ITRI) and Tantalum-Niobium International Study Center (TIC)

More than 21kt of mineral concentrate are being exported under ITSCI’s “bag and tag” monitoring programme each year from the region

ITSCI is monitoring 342 companies in Rwanda that cover 955 sites, 308 of which are ‘active

THE EXTRACTIVES HUB

The Extractives Hub forms part of a broader DFID programme called ‘Releasing the Transformational Potential of Extractives for Economic Development’ and has been set up to support decision makers and governments with the information they need to manage extractives sector resources to the benefit of citizens.

Finding relevant, up-to-date and trustworthy information on the extractives sector can be difficult and time-consuming. The Extractives Hub simplifies the search process by aggregating the latest analysis, reports and data on one platform. A helpdesk responds to requests from government officials for short-term technical assistance and custom research.

The Extractives Hub supported the RMB in the development of this pitchbook

RECENTLY REVISED MINING CODE TO SUPPORT GROWTH AND INVESTMENT

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MINING POLICY AND CODE OBJECTIVES INCLUDE…

Promoting domestic industry to become a regional hub for mineral services

Promoting scale and sustainability

Improvement in environmental, social and health and safety practices

Facilitating the transition to modern and efficient mining methods

Promoting value additive processing to increase revenue

Encouraging greater foreign direct investment

Licence Term Size Ownership

Requirements Renewal Multiple Licenses Permitted

Exploration 4 Years 400ha None Yes with

relinquishments YES

Large scale Mine

15 years 400ha None Yes with

relinquishments

YES

Medium scale Mine

10 years 100ha Min 40% local shareholding

Yes with relinquishments

YES

Small scale Mine

5 years 50ha 100% local

shareholding

Yes with relinquishments

YES

SIMPLE AND EFFICIENT LICENCING PROCESS

EXPLORATION LICENCE REQUIREMENTS

Minimum requirements for geological, geophysical, geochemical or resource analysis activities

EXPLOITATION LICENCE REQUIREMENTS

Minimum requirements for proving the economic value of mineral resources

Mine design and planning, ore treatment and processing

Social and environment management plan Infrastructure development plan Health and safety plan Employment, skills and technology transfer plan Compensation and resettlement plan

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TRANSPARENT FISCAL REGIME

ROYALTIES ON PRECIOUS METALS 6% ON GROSS VALUE

RWANDA’S MINING POLICY FRAMEWORK’S FOCUSES ON THE OPTIMIZATION OF FINANCIAL BENEFITS THROUGH TRANSPARENCY OF TAXES, ROYALTIES AND OTHER PAYMENTS THAT REFLECT THE VALUE OF MINERAL RESOURCES TO SOCIETY

CORPORATE INCOME TAX 30%

ROYALTIES ON BASE METALS 4% ON GROSS VALUE

ROYALTIES ON GEMSTONES 6% ON GROSS VALUE

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ROBUST INFRASTRUCTURE WITH AN EXTENSIVE ROAD NETWORK, GRID POWER AND WIDE AVAILABILITY OF WATER

GOOD ROAD NETWORK ACROSS THE COUNTRY FURTHER INVESTMENT A KEY PART OF RWANDA’S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY

ENHANCED POWER AVAILABILITY & CAPACITY INCREASED CAPACITY AND IMPROVED NETWORK RELIABILITY, ‘PRODUCTIVE USERS’ (INCLUDES INDUSTRY) USAGE FROM 72% TO 100% AS PART OF THE ENERGY SECTOR STRATEGIC PLAN (ESSP) 2018/19 TO 2023/24 WATER WIDELY AVAILABLE

KIGALI-DAR ES SALAAM PORT US$2.5BN PROJECT TO CONNECT TO TANZANIA’S STANDARD GAUGE LINE, PRESENTLY BEING BUILT IN TWO PHASES; DAR ES SALAAM TO MOROGORO, AND MOROGORO TO MAKUTUPORA

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GEOLOGICAL ENDOWMENT OF RWANDA

KNOWN MINERALISATION OF INDUSTRIAL, PRECIOUS AND BATTERY METALS, GEMSTONES AND RARE EARTH ELEMENTS

97

197

Au 74

184

W 73

181

Ta

50

119

Sn

3

7

Li 28

59

Ni

#1 global Tantalum (Ta), #7 global

Tungsten (W) & #12 global Tin (Sn)

Dominated by artisanal /small scale

operations

Opportunity to consolidate and undertake

modern exploration

Regional gold trend hosts large deposits

Trend continues across Rwanda, with

known deposits and long mining history

Limited modern exploration

Country wide gemstone potential

World-class 3T mining

Known lithium mineralization in the country

with good potential for significant discoveries

Known world class nickel deposits in the region

with Eastern parts of Rwanda having potential

Region host economic Rare Earth Elements (REE)

deposits with known REE mineralization in

Rwanda

Battery Metals & Rare Earth Elements

REE

Precious Metals and Gemstones

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Rutongo (tin)

Gatumba (tin-tungsten)

Miyove (gold)

Nyungwe (gold)

Birambo (gold)

Nyakabingo (tungsten)

Bisesero (tin-coltan)

Rutsiro-Sebeya-Giciye (3Ts)

Gifurwe (tungsten)

Bugarama (tungsten)

Nemba (tin)

Musha-Ntunga (tin-coltan)

Rwinkwavu (tin)

UNIQUE GEOLOGY OF RWANDA

19 Source: ResearchGate.net

Bugarura-Kuriti-Bibare

(tin-tungsten)

WIDESPREAD OCCURRENCES OF BASE AND PRECIOUS METALS WITH POTENTIAL FOR BATTERY METALS AND RARE EARTH ELEMENTS

Rwanda’s tin-tungsten-tantalum (3Ts) and gold mineralisation is related to granitic intrusions that form part of a giant, regional mineral province – the Kibaran Belt – that stretches from northeast Angola, eastern DRC into Rwanda

The Kibaran Belt sits between the Archaean-Palaeoproterozoic Congo Craton to the west, the Archaean-Palaeoproterozoic Tanzania Craton to the east and the largely Palaeoproterozoic Bangweulu Block to the south

The major known metallogenic events of the Kibaran belt can be summarised as follows (Beak Report 2015):

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Initial occurrences in Rwanda with potential for more exploration

Widespread occurrences in Rwanda

3T and gold mineralisation associated with the 970 Ma syn-

tectonic G4 granite magmatic event

Au mineralisation associated with Pan African

(Neoproterozoic) magmatic events

Rare earth element (REE) and niobium mineralisation

associated with Neoproterozoic alkaline complexes

Nickel (copper-cobalt) in layered mafic/ultramafic bodies of the

1375 Ma Kibaran magmatic event

KNOWN GOLD PROJECTS IN THE REGION

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Byumba (265koz at 1.48g/t)

Miyove (390-440koz at 2.8-3g/t Nyamugali

Namoya (1.88moz at 1.9g/t) Twangiza (5.1moz at 1.44g/t

Kamituga & Mobale (920koz at 3.9g/t)

South Kivu / Maniema Mwenga

Matala (213koz at 3.3g/t) Kampene

Bujumbura

Tora-Kibezi

Gakere Muhwazi

Buthinda (136koz at 2.81g/t

Lusahunga

Giteranyi Nyungwe

Birambo

Prospective area?

Major gold belt extends from South Kivu (DRC) across Rwanda into Uganda

Known deposits in Rwanda:

Nyungwe (c 200koz mined)

Miyove (c 400koz resource)

Byumba (265koz resource)

Source: SNL

Operating

Reserves development

Exploration

Closed

GROWTH OF GEMSTONE DEPOSITS OVER THE YEARS

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KIGALI

Sapphire

Other gemstones

Gold

MINING HISTORY OF RWANDA

NEARLY 100 YEARS OF MINING HISTORY AND EXPERIENCE

24

Mines

1930: cassiterite discovered at Rwinkwavu and Rutongo by Belgians

1931-41: cassiterite/coltan discovered at Bisesero, Gatumba, Ntunga, Mugesera, Bugesera

1933: cassiterite, coltan & wolframite discovered at Rutsiro

1940-1950: wolframite discovered in Gifurwe, Nyakabingo and Bugarama

Companies

1930 MINETAIN (Belgian)

1934 SOMUKI (Belgian)

1945 GEORWANDA (Belgian)

1948 COREM (Belgian)

1973 SOMIRWA JV between GoR (49%) and MINETAIN/SOMUKI

1985 SOMIRWA bankrupted by ‘international tin crisis’

1988 COOPIMAR established by GoR to support artisanal mining

1989 REDEMI established by GoR to restart SOMIRWA operations

2007 REDEMI liquidated after poor performance, mining sector privatised

Source: Cartes des Gites Mineraux du Rwanda (1982)

RMB & RMCA Project is digitizing historical information from Belgian

mines for the benefit of mining companies and investors

Ta-Nb REFINERY

PRG plc founded in 2015 to address future needs of supply chain security of critical metals in Western based manufacturing

Active in mining & processing in Rwanda

Developing a modern Ta-Nb refinery in the Bugesera industrial zone near Kigali

State of the art proprietary technology to produce a series of products:

First production Q1 2019 at 40 tonnes of concentrate per month – increasing to 120 tonnes of concentrate within 18 months

ONGOING VALUE ADDITION ACTIVITIES AND OPPORTUNITIES WITH POTENTIAL TO SCALE REGIONALLY

25

LUNA TIN SMELTER

East Africa’s only tin smelter

JV between Luma Investment Group of Poland (75%) and State-owned Ngali Holdings (25%)

Aiming to be an environmentally friendly, socially responsible and conflict free

Initial capacity of 380tpm of cassiterite

JV to explore and develop its own mining projects

Tin metal to be exported to Luma’s existing client base in Europe

OTHER OPPORTUNITIES

PPP opportunities to set up processing plants for tungsten

PPP opportunities to set up gemstone cutting and polishing centre for amethyst, tourmaline, sapphires, jasper, quartz, opal

PPP opportunities for setting up mining equipment and laboratory service centre

Tantalum hydroxide

Tantalum pentoxide

K-Salt Uranium oxide (yellow cake)

Niobium pentoxide

NUMEROUS ACTIVE FOREIGN MINING COMPANIES FOCUSED ON EXPLORATION, DEVELOPMENT AND VALUE ADDITION

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Bisesero 3T project

Musha-Ntunga 3T project

Nyanza 3T project

Rukugarata 3T project [also developing Ta-Nb refinery]

Power Resources Group

KIGALI

Rutongo project Luna Tin Smelter restart

Nyakabingo project

OTHER PPP OPPORTUNITIES

Tungsten processing plants

Gemstone cutting and polishing centre for Amethyst, Tourmaline, Sapphires, Jasper, Quartz and Opal

Mining equipment and laboratory service centres

PROSPECTIVE TARGET AREAS (PTA’S) &

POTENTIAL EXPLORATION BLOCKS

OVER 50 YEARS OF EXTENSIVE EXPLORATION WORK

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BRIDGEPORTH (UK) Interpretation of airborne geophysical survey data

1968

1981

UNDP AND GOR Stream sediment

sampling for entire country

SANDERS (Canada) Airborne magnetic

and radiometric survey

BRGM (FRANCE) 1:250k mineral deposit map of

Rwanda

1987

1991

RMCA (BELGIUM) 1:250k and 1:100k

geological maps

ADROITEC LTD (INDIA) Remote sensing survey

2006

NEW RESOLUTION GEOPHYSICS (SOUTH AFRICA)

Airborne gravity survey

2008

PGW (CANADA) Interpretation of NRG

data, 21 Potential Target Areas (PTAs)

identified

VAN STRAATEN INTERNATIONAL

MINERALS (CANADA) Carbonatite exploration

BEAK (GERMANY) 4 PTAs studied,

mapping, soil/stream/rock

samples

2010

2012

BEAK (GERMANY) 3 PTAs studied, mapping,

soil/stream/rock/bulk samples

RSC (AUSTRALIA) 3 PTAs studied, mapping,

surface EM, soils, trenching

2012

2015

2015

2016

2017

B2B (RUSSIA) Airborne magnetic, radiometric & EM

surveys

POTENTIAL TARGET AREAS (PTA’S) MAPPED ON THE BASIS OF ROBUST GEOLOGICAL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AND INTERPRETATION

Source: PGW (2010) and RMB 29

In April 2010 Paterson, Grant & Watson Ltd (PGW) published a Mineral Prospectivity Report and Prospectivity Map (1:250,000) for Rwanda

A total of 21 Potential Target Areas (PTAs) were identified as having ‘excellent potential for Sn, W-Nb-Ta and/or Au-base mineralization’

The PTAs were identified following an interpretation of New Resolution Geophysics’ (NRG) 2008 airborne geophysical survey in combination with a review of all other existing geoscience data

30

23 POTENTIAL TARGET AREAS READY FOR FURTHER EXPLORATION

Advanced

Intermediate

Early

Economic studies, resource estimates, drilling & bulk samples

Exploration stage

Trenching, ground geophysics, stream sediments & soils

Airborne geophysics, geological mapping, satellite imagery

R2

R3

BUG3 BUG2

KA2

BUG1

R4

R1

KIG1

KIG2 KIG3

KI2

KI1

N1

KA1

G1

G2

KIB1

RWK1

KAG1

KAG2

N2

N3

20 MINERAL EXPLORATION BLOCKS READY FOR INVESTMENT

NYABISINDU & BUTARE: PTA N-2

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PTA N-2

Location 50km southwest of Kigali, mostly in the Ruhango & Muhanga districts

Size 450km2

Licence situation Some active exploration licences and artisanal mining licence applications

Opportunity

Limited further work needed (eg infill trenching) ahead of drill target selection. Major new artisanal mining area that offers an opportunity to consolidate licences and undertake a fast-tracked exploration programme. Mawarid’s Nyanza project on northeast border of N3

Existing mines ( 7 mineral licences and 4 applications)

Production N/a

Target minerals 3Ts

Geology Southerly extension of granite from Gatumba mining area, with significant structural complexity and known 3T occurrences

Exploration undertaken Airborne geophysics, recent additional surface geophysics and geochem, including trenching

Infrastructure Good road access and water/power available

Reports PGW (2010), Beak (2013), RSC (2015), B2B (2017) & Bridgeporth (2017)

Gatumba mining district

N2

N3

Nyanza Project (Mawarid)

N-2 EXPLORATION BLOCK: KANYARIRA

33

PTA N-2

Location Byimana and Mwendo sectors in Ruhango district

Size 1,050 ha

Licence situation

No licenses

Mineralization & Opportunity

3Ts in pegmatites and in some quartz veins. Based on basic geological setting and past mining activities. Potential for large scale mine

N-2 EXPLORATION BLOCK: NYAMYASE

34

PTA N-2

Size 2,175 ha

Location Nyarusange sector of Muhanga district and Mwendo of Ruhango district

Licence situation

No licenses


3Ts , dominated by pegmatite and quartz veins with coltan and cassiterite. Potential for large scale mine

NEAR N-2 EXPLORATION BLOCK: MBUYE

35

PTA N-2

Size 5,510 ha

Location Located in the Mbuye sector of the Ruhango district

Licence situation

No licenses


Gemstones , dominated by aquamarine (Beryl) ,hosted in pegmatites , amethyst. Pegmatites thickness varies between 0.5m to 4m aprprox. and extends to about 800m following a N150° trend. The aquamarine crystals are well-formed hexagonal prismatic (3-15mm in length and up to 10mm across). Potential for medium scale mine

KIBUYE: PTA KI-1&2

36

PTA KI-1&2

Location 90km west-southwest of Kigali in the Karongi, Nyamasheke and Nyamagabe districts

Size 300km2 and 450km

2

Licence situation Large number of exploration licences in the southern half of KI-1 and central portion of KI-2 (Mwarid’s Bisesero project)

Opportunity Potential extensions to Mt Karongi Sn deposit

Existing mines (10 mineral licences)

Production N/a

Target minerals 3Ts

Geology N/a

Exploration undertaken Limited work undertaken beyond airborne geophysics, UN geochem and recent geophysical interp by B2B and Bridgeporth


Reports PGW (2010), B2B (2017) & Bridgeporth (2017)

KI-2

KI-1

GISENYI: GI-1

37

PTA GI-1

Location 60km west of Kigali in the Rutsiro district

Size 190km2

Licence situation Small number of active exploration and artisanal mining licences

Opportunity Potential strike and depth extensions of known mineral occurrences

Existing mines (5 mineral licences )

Production N/a

Target minerals 3Ts

Geology Located between two regional shear zones, with extensive alteration and known Sn occurrences




GI-2

GI-1

KI-1 & GI-1 EXPLORATION BLOCK: RUTSIRO-KAGANO

38

PTA KI-1 & GI-1

Size 1,400 ha

Location Between the districts of Rutsiro (Rubengera sector) and Karongi (Mukura sector)

Licence situation

No licenses


3Ts and hosted in pegmatites. Some assays done on 40kg batches of ore samples yielding 180g of tantalum equivalent to 4.5% Ta2O5 proving the ore to be of high grade. Potential for medium scale mine

KI-2 EXPLORATION BLOCK: MUKO

39

PTA KI-2

Size 4,400 ha

Location

Mutuntu sector of Karongi District and Gatare, Mushubi and Nkomane sectors of Nyamagabe District

Licence situation

No licenses


3T and gold; The lithology of the complex is constant and its tectonic style indicates the deposition is overlapping magmatic intrusions. Potential for small to medium scale mine

GI-1 EXPLORATION BLOCK: RUTSIRO-RUHANGO

40

PTA GI-1

Size 1,200 ha

Location Rutsiro district

Licence situation

No licenses


Almandine garnet, well-formed crystals occur in the biotite schists with size between about 2cm and 7cm across. The crystals are fresh not weathered with quality of medium to high. Potential for small to medium scale mine

NYABISINDU & BUTARE: PTA N-3

41

PTA N3

Location 60km southwest of Kigali, mostly in the Ruhango & Muhanga districts

Size 350km2

Licence situation Single active exploration licence – most activity outside the PTA to northeast (eg Nyanza)

Opportunity Most of the prospective ground appears to be to the northeast of the PTA, hence limited opportunity

Existing mines (1 mineral licence,)

Production N/a

Target minerals 3Ts

Geology Covers the buried Karaba granite and altered amphibolites / schists of the Butare formation to the southeast

Exploration undertaken Airborne geophysics, recent additional surface geophysics and geochem, but most activity in the FTAs to the northeast



Gatumba mining district

N2

N3

Nyanza Project (Mawarid)

N-3 EXPLORATION BLOCK: NYANZA-HUYE

42

PTA N-3

Size 5,500 ha

Location

Between the districts of Nyanza (Nyagisozi and Rwabicuma sectors), Nyamagabe (Cyanika sector) and Huye (Rwaniro and Kigoma sectors) in the Southern Province

Licence situation No licenses


3Ts and hosts pegmatites that have almost same general trends and compositions and easy to explore. The pegmatites occurrences comprise predominantly a quartz –sericite –muscovite assemblage and are usually high weathered and clay altered and commonly contains large flak mica crystals. Potential for large scale mine

N-3 EXPLORATION BLOCK: NYAMAGABE - MBAZI

43

PTA N-3

Size 1,600 ha

Location

Between districts of Nyamagabe (Mbazi sector) and Nyanza (Nyagisozi sector) in the southwest of Rwanda



3Ts hosted in pegmatite bodies. The general structure of the area is an anticline with an axis trending NNW-SSE and plunging to the north. Fractures also trend to the north like the foliation of the rocks in the area and the anticline structure. Potential for medium scale mine

N-3 EXPLORATION BLOCK:NYAMAGABE-BUTARE-NGAZO

44

PTA N-3

Size 400 ha

Location Mbazi sector in the Nyamagabe district



Iron and its ore outcrops are scattered around the area, on Butare hill, either as actual in situ rocks or as boulders. It is of hydrothermal type deposit. Potential for medium scale mine

RUHENGERI & RUHENGERI NORTH: R-1

45

PTA R1

Location 80km NNW of Kigali, in the Burera, Gakenke and Rulindo districts

Size 500km2

Licence situation Active large scale licence over the Gifurwe deposit (Wolfram Mining & Processing Ltd and Boss Mining) and active small scale licence at Miyove (held by Ngali)

Opportunity

Existing non-compliant resource at Miyove of c 400koz at 2.9g/t potential JV opportunity – if PTA was extended east would also include Byumba (265koz at 1.5g/t). Known gold mineralisation within a regional significant gold belt – Miyove the largest known gold deposit in Rwanda

Existing mines (4 mineral licences, 1 application)

Production N/a

Target minerals Gold & 3Ts

Geology Major structural feature and possible underlying granite - altered metasediments + possible Au target northwest of Miyove

Exploration undertaken Limited work undertaken across the PTA beyond geophysical interpretation and UN geochem, although drilling has outlined a resource at Miyove

Infrastructure Good road access (laterite) - water available and power lines cross the target area

Reports PGW (2010), B2B (2017), Interra Exploration (2010), Bridegporth (2017)

R1

Gifurwe

Miyove Gold

Project


46

PTA R2

Location 20km northwest of Kigali in the Gakenke, Rulindo & Kamonyi districts

Size 300km2

Licence situation Active large scale mining licence over Nyakabingo, artisanal and small scale mining applications in the southwest of the PTA

Opportunity Potential for extensions of pegmatites at known artisanal mine sites and could be fast tracked to drill testing. Significant artisanal activity (3T pegmatites with good widths) and also hosts the Nyakabingo underground tungsten mine (excised)

Existing mines (6 mineral licences)

Production (2014 est) 145t of combined tin-tantalum concentrates, containing 21.75t of tantalum and 50.75t of tin

Target minerals 3Ts

Geology Favourably located on the northern edge of the Gitarama granite and within the Satinsyi-Rutongo regional shear zone

Exploration undertaken Airborne geophysics, recent surface geochem including bulk samples from mine sites


Reports PGW (2010), Beak (2015), B2B (2017) & Bridgeporth (2017)

R2

Rutongo

Nyakabingo tungsten

mine

R-1 & R-2 EXPLORATION BLOCK: NYAKABINGO-GIFURWE RING

47

PTA R-1 & R-2

Size 32,575 ha

Location Northern Province mainly the districts of Rulindo and Burera and small portions of the Gicumbi and Gakenke districts



Since the 1930s major tungsten deposits (Nyakabingo, Gifurwe, and Bugarama) exploited both by open-pit mining and underground workings. The mineralised quartz veins are typically hosted by graphite rich black shales. The tungsten concentration of metasedimentary rocks in the ‘Tungsten belt’ is relatively high (4 to 6 ppm W). Potential for a large scale mine

RWINKWAVU: RWK-1

48

PTA RWK-1

Location 60km east of Kigali in the Kayonza district

Size 375km2

Licence situation Much of the PTA covered with large scale mining licences relating to the Rwinkwavu mine – the holder is apparently open to JVs etc though

Opportunity Unclear what opportunity remains given much of PTA already covered by licences

Existing mines (1 mineral licence)

Production N/a

Target minerals 3Ts

Geology Tin occurrences coincident with major shear zones (Kibungo-Ntoma, Kibungo-Rusomo) and buried granites; includes prospective metavolcanics and sedsiments



Reports PGW (2010), B2B (2017) and Bridgeporth (2017)

RWK-1

KIGALI: KIG-3

49

PTA KIG-3

Location 50km northeast of Kigali in the Gasibo and Kayonza districts

Size 100km2

Licence situation Only small scale mining applications; potentially an open opportunity

Opportunity

Potential for extensions along strike (NW and SE) of the Kuluti deposits – could also extend PTA to the west to incorporate Bugarura. Identified by RMB as key exploration project given there are no licence holders within the PTA and the opportunity is ‘open’

Existing mines (2 mineral licenses)

Production N/a

Target minerals 3Ts

Geology Known 3T mineralisation hosted by Nyabugogo Formation metasediments

Exploration undertaken Limited work undertaken beyond geophysical interpretation and UN geochem


Reports PGW (2010), Beak (2013/2015) & B2B (2017)

KIG-3

KIG-3 & RWK-1 EXPLORATION BLOCK: KINUNGA

50

PTA KIG-3 & RWK-1

Size 16,800 ha

Location

Muhazi sector of Rwamagana District and Mukarange sector of Kayonza District

Licence situation

No licenses


3Ts; the lithology of Kinunga exploration block consists of set of meta-sediments including schists, meta-siltstone and quartzite of meso-proterozoic age intruded by Muhazi granite with possible origin of mineralising fluids from Muhazi granite intrusion. Potential for medium scale mine

RWK-1 EXPLORATION BLOCK: KIRIMBARI

51

PTA Near RWK-1

Size 850 ha

Location

Eastern Province within the district of Kayonza (Murundi and Gahini sectors) at the western boundary of the Akagera National Park



Tungsten; primary deposits of the area are genetically hydrothermal vein related. Three types of mineralized vein identified: the vein hosted in highly tourmalinized schist, concordant vein hosted in quartzite and veins crosscutting the schist and quartzite. Potential for medium scale mine

BUGESERA: BUG-2

52

PTA BUG-2

Location 40km southeast of Kigali in the Rwamagan & Ngoma (mostly) districts

Size 250km2

Licence situation Active artisanal mining licences (and applications) and active exploration licences

Opportunity Potential for extensions of pegmatites at known small-scale mine sites and could be fast tracked to drill testing. Current cooperative mines are small and unable to test the full potential of the host pegmatites, both at depth and along strike

Existing mines (1 mineral licence, 1 application)

Production (2014 est) 24tpa of combined tin-tantalum concentrate, with 1.44t of contained tantalum and 13.44t of contained tin

Target minerals 3Ts

Geology Eastern edge of the Mugesera granite with known 3T bearing pegmatites



Reports PGW (2010), Beak (2013/2015), RSC (2015) ,B2B (2017) & Bridgeporth (2017)

BUG2

BUG-2 EXPLORATION BLOCK: NYAMAGANA

53

PTA BUG-2

Size 16,800 ha

Location

Between Kibungo and Remera sectors of Ngoma district and Murama sector of Kayonza District



3Ts and presence of geochemical anomalies of Sn, Ta, Rb , Au and Cs (± Li) elements; Rare metal pegmatites and Quartz veins/shear zones are key targets for mineral potential exploration. Potential for large scale mine

BUGESERA: BUG-3

54

PTA BUG-3

Location 15km south of Kigali in the Bugesera district

Size 150km2

Licence situation Only single active exploration licence in northeast of PTA

Opportunity

Existing small scale mines in southwest of the PTA (are these illegal given only single licence shown?) should be systematically explored. Tin occurrences continue to the north of the PTA (eg Bashyamba) which could be incorporated into the target area

Existing mines (4 mineral licenses)

Production (2014 est) 57tpa of total concentrate containing 3.42t of tantalum and 31.92t of tin (Beak 2015)

Target minerals 3Ts

Geology Known Sn occurrence in amphibolite zone of Cyohoha metasediments northwest of Bugesera granite



Reports PGW (2010), Beak (2013/2015) ,RSC ( 2015) & B2B (2017)

BUG3

BUG-3 EXPLORATION BLOCK: RURENGE

55

PTA BUG-3

Size 4,175 ha

Location

Centre of Mwogo sector of Bugesera district, Gahanga sector of Kicukiro district and Mageragere sector of Nyarugenge district



3Ts hosted in pegmatites with presence of ferruginous and quartz veins along bedding and fracture planes in the Rukomo-Formation and Au-mineralisation in quartz veins. Potential for medium scale mine

KIGALI: KIG-1 & 2

56

PTA KIG-1&2

Location 10-20km east-northeast of Kigali in the Gasabo, Gatsibo and Rwamagana districts

Size 200km2

and 375km2

Licence situation Small number of active artisanal mining licences in both PTAs, large scale mining licence at Musha in southeast corner of KIG-2

Opportunity Potential strike and depth extensions of known mineral occurrences

Existing mines KIG1 (1 mineral licence) and KIG-2 (4 mineral licences and 2 applications)

Production N/a

Target minerals 3Ts

Geology

KIG-1 shows signs of intense deformation at northern edge of Kigali granite; southeast of the Rutongo vein deposits. KIG-2 covers N-S faulting on western edge of buried Rwamagana granite, host to pegmatite and quartz vein mineralization to the south at Musha

Exploration undertaken Limited work undertaken beyond airborne geophysics, UN geochem and recent geophysical interp by B2B and Bridgeporth. Piran active in the Musha-Ntunga licences



KIG-2

KIG-1

KAGITUMBA: KAG-2

57

PTA KAG-2

Location 75km northeast of Kikgali in the Nyagatare and Gatsibo districts

Size 900km2

Licence situation Essentially open, with only small active exploration and artisanal licences in the very north and very south of the PTA

Opportunity Very early stage exploration

Existing mines (1 mineral license, 2 applications)

Production N/a

Target minerals 3Ts

Geology Granite larger than previously thought - evidence of structural alteration and faulting along left flank




KAG2

KAG1

KIG-1&2 AND KAG-2 EXPLORATION BLOCK: BWISIGE

58

PTA Between KIG 1& 2 and KAG-2

Size 21,275 ha

Location

Northern Province overlapping the district of Gicumbi (Ruvune, Rutare, Nyamiyaga and Muko sectors) and Gatsibo (Nyagihanga and Gatsibo sectors)



3Ts; the area is prospected to have tungsten mineralisation and minor Gold (Au) placer in Bwisige area. Potential for medium to large scale mine

KAGITUMBA: KAG-1

59

PTA KAG-1

Location 90km northeast of Kigali in the Nyagatare district

Size 630km2

Licence situation Only single small scale mining licence in the northeast of the PTA

Opportunity Very early stage exploration

Existing mines (1 mineral licence)

Production N/a

Target minerals 3Ts

Geology Granite larger than previously thought – evidence of structural alteration and faulting along right flank




KAG2

KAG1

KAG-1 EXPLORATION BLOCK: MATIMBA

60

PTA Between KIG 1& 2 and KAG-2

Size 6,893 ha

Location

Matimba Sector in the northern part of the Nyagatare district near the border with Uganda. It includes the Matimba sector



Gemstones including numerous quartz veins including the pink and rose quartz mineralization crosscut these lithologies. Rose quartz occurs associated with pegmatite and at some places mined for construction purpose. Black tourmaline crystals also occur along with the rose quartz. Potential for small to medium scale mine

NYABISINDU & BUTARE: N-1

61

PTA N-1

Location 10km west of Kigali in the Kamonyi district

Size 150km2

Licence situation No licences in the PTA, other than an application in the southeast corner, and some active exploration licences on the northern border

Opportunity Represents potential extension of known Sn-W mineralisation in southwest corner of the Kigali sheet. Could Bashyamba, which RMB consider an ‘investment ready project, be included?

Existing mines (1 mineral license, 2 applications)

Production N/a

Target minerals 3Ts

Geology N/a




N-1

N-1 EXPLORATION BLOCK: BASHYAMBA

62

PTA Near N-1

Size 200 ha

Location Nyarugende district near MT Kigali



Tin deposit originally prospected by Minetain in 1933 through 120 wells and 40 deep trenches. Due to barren overburden, only a few amount of deposit have been evaluated that time, in that prospection the tenor was from 1.7 to 2 kg of Tin per cubic meter (Mine Bashyamba). Potential for small to medium scale mine

GISENYI: GI-2

63

PTA GI-2

Location 60km west-northwest of Kigali in the Rubavu, Nyabihu and Rutsiro districts

Size 225km2

Licence situation Small number of active exploration and artisanal mining licences

Opportunity Potential strike and depth extensions of known mineral occurrences, but most of the PTA covered by Gishwati Forest National Park, where mining is prohibited

Existing mines (1 mineral license)

Production N/a

Target minerals 3Ts

Geology Located between two regional shear zones, with extensive alteration and known Sn occurrences




GI-2

GI-1

GI-2 EXPLORATION BLOCK: KARAGO

64

PTA G1-2

Size 1,000 ha

Location Karago, Rambura and Muringa sectors in Nyabihu district



3Ts & U; between 1928-1985 this mining district in this environment produced about 18,000t of cassiterite and 2,000 t of columbite concentrate, from regolith ore of an average combined grade of 0.5 kg/m³. Potential for large scale mine

KARENGARA: KA-1&2

65

PTA KA-1&2

Location 120km southwest of Kigali in the Nyamasheke, Rusizi and Nyaruguru districts

Size 375km2

and 500km

2

Licence situation Numerous active exploration licences along the southern border of KA2 and a few in the southern half of KA1

Opportunity KA2 supposedly prospective for gold and sapphires (there is existing production) but most of the PTA lies within the Nyungwe Forest National Park, where mining is not permitted

Existing mines KA1 (4 mineral licences) and KA2 (5 mineral licences)

Production N/a

Target minerals 3Ts, gold and sapphires

Geology

KA1 covers the prospective Rutiti granite (Sn) and associated alteration corridor, while KA2 is a possible extension of known Au-mineralisation to the north and includes a newly discovered buried gravity anomaly (major buried mafic-to-ultramafic intrusion?)




KA2

KA1

KA-1&2 EXPLORATION BLOCK: KIGARAMA

66

PTA KA-1&2

Size 1,125 ha

Location

Gitambi and Gashonga sectors of Rusizi District in the south-west of Rwanda



Gold; this area consists of alternating black phyllite to beds of schist and few beds of grey quartzite. Potential for small to medium scale mine


67

PTA R-4

Location 90km northwest of Kigali in the Gakenke, Nyabihu, Ngororero & Muhanga districts

Size 300km2

Licence situation Small, isolated artisanal mining licence in north-central part of the PTA

Opportunity Essentially free of licences, significant artisanal / small scale mining in northerly extension of prolific Gatumba region – opportunity to consolidate and explore at depth / along strike

Existing mines (4 mineral licenses and 1 application)

Production N/a

Target minerals 3Ts

Geology Underlain by metasediments and amphibolites at edge of Gisenyi granite, at intersection of N-STYI-SZ and KK-SZ - similar setting to Gatumba-Burango pegmatite tin deposits



Reports PGW (2010), B2B (2017) and Bridgeporth (2017)

R-4

R-4 EXPLORATION BLOCK: BUSOGO

68

PTA R-4

Size 4,920 ha

Location

Northwestern Rwanda in the district of Musanze (Busogo, Muko, Nkotsi, and Kimonyi sectors)



Tungsten. Potential for medium scale mine

CONTACT: Rajkumar Singh, Strategic Adviser to the CEO; [email protected] , [email protected] Donat Nsengumuremyi, Director of Mineral Extraction and Processing Unit ; [email protected] ADDRESS: No 27 KN 4 Avenue, P.O.Box 937, Kigali Rwanda

For more info on RMB: http://www.rmb.gov.rw/ For more info on Mining Activity: http://portals.flexicadastre.com/rwanda/ For more info on license application: https://www.rmb.gov.rw/index.php?id=188

mailto:[email protected]



http://www.rmb.gov.rw/

http://portals.flexicadastre.com/rwanda/

https://www.rmb.gov.rw/index.php?id=188

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