Russian Revolution

Russia fights Japan in 1905, suffers a humiliating defeat.

Shows Russia to be unprepared militarily for industrial warfare.

Russia is behind in technology needed to sustain industrial warfare.

Russia had no competent military leaders.

Czar Nicholas II was a weak monarch

Russian Government Before Revolution

Monarchy: The Czar (Tsar) Until 1905 the Tsar's powers were

unlimited. Russia had no constitution, no political party system to check the

Tsar's power A strong secret police which terrorized

the people.

Royal Background

Nicholas II

• Created the first secret police in Russia, brutal leader, response to revolt of army officers in 1825

Czar Alexander II

• He implemented important reforms, notably the abolition of serfdom,

• In 1867, he sold Alaska and the Aleutian Islands to the United States.

• Killed by the Revolutionary Group: The People’s Will

Czar Alexander III

• Alexander III's reign was during an industrial revolution in Russia .

• His reign was harsh, against revolutionaries and other liberal movements.

Czar Nicholas II (1894)Last Czar of Russia

Nicholas II was a harsh and weak ruler The Russian economy was bankrupt because

of the Russo-Japanese War and WWI Russia’s entry into WWI became very unpopular.

Czar Nicholas II and Family

Russo-Japanese War (1904)

Dispute over Manchuria with Japan

Shook national confidence in their progress and rule of Czar.

Bloody Sunday (1905)

Russia and World War I

Russia declares war on Austria-Hungary

War becomes unpopular Rationing leads to starvation Nicholas II leaves St. Petersburg to war

front

Rasputin

Rasputin- uneducated peasant from Siberia who claimed to be a holy man.

He gained influence and power over the royal family.

His influence became the symbol of the “weak” Russian monarchy

Rasputin with Admirers

Beginnings of Upheaval

Russia had poor leadership in government and the military.

Suffered a series of Military and Economic disasters.

The People grew up set with the Russian regime.

Even Conservative Aristocrats who supported the Monarchy wanted to over throw the government.

Czar Nicholas II was an autocratic ruler.

During World War I, Czar Nicholas II wife Alexandra ran the country as he fought the war.

Czar Nicholas II had little to no knowledge of her important decisions.

March Revolution (1917)

1917- protests spread through St. Petersburg and the Royal palace is taken over.

Czar abdicates Provisional government (Duma) takes

control lead by Alexander Keresnky Provisional government unpopular

after decision to stay in WWI

Vocabulary

Define the following words in 1 or 2 sentences. Chapter 11. p 372-374.

Communist BolsheviksAnti-Communist LeninRed Russian Soviet UnionWhite Russian CommunismMarxist Abdicate

October (Bolshevik) Revolution-1917

Lead by VI Lenin “Peace, Land, and Bread”

Won support of people (especially peasants)

Descent to Civil War

Russian signs the treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany.

Giving up large tracts of land for peace. The treaty ends foreign wars, but Russia

falls into Civil War between Communist and Anti-communist forces.

Communist Triumph Communist Army

under Leon Trotsky defeats the White Russian forces.

Leads to the creation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

Communist do not trust the Allied powers or outsiders in general.

1918

1918 March The Bolsheviks accept the

peace of Brest‑Litovsk, ending WWI with Germany.

1919-1920

1919 White Armies (Royal and Menshevik troops) attack the Reds (Bolsheviks) from all directions.

1920- Reds defeat Whites

Lenin and the Bolsheviks

•Vladimir Lenin signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk taking Russia out of World War I. March 3, 1918•Lenin’s beliefs rooted in Communist ideology of Karl Marx.•Blamed the war on capitalist governments.

“The way to crush the bourgeoisie is to grind them

between the millstones of taxation and inflation.”

-Vladimir Lenin

Lenin’s direction, the Bolsheviks became a party dedicated to revolution.

Only violent revolution could destroy the capitalist system.

March 1917 Lenin saw an opportunity for the Bolsheviks to sieve power.

Lenin and the Bolsheviks reflected the discontent of the people.

Rule of Lenin 1920-1924

Economic Reforms included the New Economic Plan (NEP)-moderate mix of capitalism and socialism

Political Reforms-Bolshevik party became Communist Party-Russia becomes the United Soviet Socialist Republics

Communism A Form of Socialism

Central Planning of the Economy by the State

Gov’t (Communist Party) makes decisions on individual jobs and pay

1924

Lenin Dies Power Vaccuum Leon Trotsky vs. Joseph Stalin Stalin takes control Now must decide how he will maintain

power Decides to create a totalitarian state

Characteristics of a Totalitarian State Dictatorship- Absolute Authority Dynamic Leader- Vision for the nation State Control Over All Sectors of Society

Business, Family Life, Labor, youth groups, housing, religion, education, the arts

State Control Over the Individual Obedience Denies basic liberties

Organized Violence Uses force to crush opposition

Stalin’s Totalitarian State

State Control of the Economy 5 year plan, collective farms

Police Terror Great Purge, crush opposition

Religious Persecution Control of the individual

Propaganda (socialist realism) Molding peoples minds

Education Controlled by the government

Questions

What was there events of the Russian Revolution?

Describe the peoples view of the Czar. What was the allies reaction to the

Russian Revolution? What was their response?

Why did the allies fear a separate peace between Russian and the Central Powers?

Russian Revolution activityYou need to draw one picture. Your picture

needs to show events from; the Russia during World War I, the Russian Revolution or Communist victory in Russia.

Your picture has to have a slogan and description 3 or 4 sentences in length.

Make sure your name is on the back of the picture

The picture must be turned in at the end of the class period.