Russia Россия

Demography

• Russia (Россия) is the largest country in the world. The capital is Moscow.

• There are about 170 nationality groups.

• The official language is Russian. Many Russians also speak English as a second language.

• The official currency is a “rublo”(рубль).

Short historyThe Kievan Period

860-1698 The House of Rurik. The period of the Kievan Russian Empire, destroyed by the Mongol.

The Imperial Period

1698-1917 The House of Romanov, destroyed by Lenin in the Revolution of 1917.

The II World War

On 22th June 1941Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union, but Soviet forces took captured Berlin on 9th May 1945.

On April 1961 Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to orbit the Earth aboard Vostok 1.

The Soviet period

1917-1991. In 1917 there was “the Russian Revolution” directed by Lenin. The USSR fell in 1991 by Michail Gorbachev and dissolved into 15 nations.

Russian government

Vladimir Putin is currently the president of the Russian Federation.

Red Square

Red Square (Красная площадь) is a city square in Moscow, Russia. It includes: the Kremlin, five palaces, four cathedrals, the mausoleum of Lenin and the residence of the president of Russian Federation.

Science and technology:

• Dmitry Mendleev inveted the periodic table in 1869.

• In 1895 Alexander Popovinvented the first radio.

• Mijail Lomonosov inventedthe glass.

Music and dance:

The ballet in Russia was to entertain the imperial court. Currently the Russian ballet is the most famous of the world.

SportThe 2014 WinterOlympics were held in Sochi in the south of Russia. Russia won the competition for a total of 33 medals.

LiteratureThe Golden Age of Russian Poetry, began with Alexander Pushkin. It continued into the 19th century with the poetry of Mikhail Lermontov and Nikolay Nekrasov, dramas of Anton Chekhov, and the prose of Nikolai Gogol and Ivan Turgenev. LeoTolstoy and Fyodor Dostoyevsky have been described as the greatest novelists of all times.

У лукоморья дуб зелёный

У лукоморья дуб зелёный;Златая цепь на дубе том:И днём и ночью кот учёныйВсё ходит по цепи кругом;Идёт направо - песнь заводит,Налево - сказку говорит.

Там чудеса: там леший бродит,Русалка на ветвях сидит;Там на неведомых дорожкахСледы невиданных зверей;Избушка там на курьих ножкахСтоит без окон, без дверей;

Там королевич мимоходомПленяет грозного царя;Там в облаках перед народомЧерез леса, через моряКолдун несёт богатыря;В темнице там царевна тужит,А бурый волк ей верно служит;

Там ступа с Бабою ЯгойИдёт, бредёт сама собой,Там царь Кащей над златом чахнет;Там русский дух... там Русью пахнет!И там я был, и мёд я пил;У моря видел дуб зелёный;Под ним сидел, и кот учёныйСвои мне сказки говорил.

Cerca del mar hay un roble verde;Con la cadena dorada encima:Día y noche, un sabio gatoPor la cadena alrededor camina;Va a la derecha – a cantar comienza,A la izquierda – los cuentos narra.

Allá hay magia: allá un duende vaga,La Sirena en las ramas está sentada;Allí, por los caminos desconocidosHay huellas de las bestias nunca vistas;Una cabaña sobre las patas de gallinaEstá sin ventanas y sin salidas;

Allí el príncipe ágilmenteCautiva al terrible soberano;Y, por las nubes frente a la genteA través de los bosques y el océanoEl mago lleva al jinete atrapado;En la mazmorra llora la princesa,El lobo pardo sirve fiel a su alteza;

Allá el mortero con la hechizadacamina solo embrujado,El rey malvado por el oro engatusa;Hay un espíritu ruso y la esencia rusa!Y yo estaba por allí y la miel bebí;Vi el roble verde al mar cercano;Debajo el sabio gato estuvo sentado.El me contó sus relatos sin fin.

End