Russian NationalismRussian Nationalism

1919thth Century Century

WesternizationWesternization

Peter I's brought Peter I's brought westernization to Russia.westernization to Russia.

Russian national costume, Russian national costume,

hairstyle, discouraged.hairstyle, discouraged. Fine for wearing a beard.Fine for wearing a beard.

The nobility preferred to speak The nobility preferred to speak French rather than Russian French rather than Russian even in private. even in private.

1919thth Century Century

Saw a revival in Russian nationalism. Saw a revival in Russian nationalism.

A motto, stating "Orthodoxy, A motto, stating "Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality," adopted Autocracy, and Nationality," adopted by Emperor Nicholas I as official by Emperor Nicholas I as official doctrine.doctrine.

Russian NationalisimRussian Nationalisim

Three components of Uvarov's triad were:Three components of Uvarov's triad were:

Orthodoxy - Orthodox Christianity and protection Orthodoxy - Orthodox Christianity and protection of Russian Orthodox Church. of Russian Orthodox Church.

Autocracy - unconditional loyalty to House of Autocracy - unconditional loyalty to House of Romanov in return for paternalist protection for Romanov in return for paternalist protection for all social estates. all social estates.

Nationality - recognition of the state-founding role Nationality - recognition of the state-founding role of the Russian nationality. of the Russian nationality.

SlavophiliaSlavophilia

Slavophiles were determined to protect Slavophiles were determined to protect unique Russian traditions and culture. unique Russian traditions and culture.

They opposed influences of Western They opposed influences of Western Europe on Russia. Europe on Russia.

ArtArt

Closely related to Closely related to revival in Russian art, revival in Russian art, Works concerning Works concerning Russian history, Russian history, mythology and fairy mythology and fairy tales.tales.

Romantic nationalism Romantic nationalism

inspired paintings, inspired paintings, Vasnetsov Bapt Vasnetsov Bapt VladimirVladimir fresco in Kiev fresco in Kiev by Victor Vasnetsov by Victor Vasnetsov

PoetryPoetry Russian poet Tyutchev:Russian poet Tyutchev:

Moscow and Peter's grad, the city of Constantine,Moscow and Peter's grad, the city of Constantine,these are the capitals of Russian kingdom.these are the capitals of Russian kingdom.But where is their limit? And where are their frontiersBut where is their limit? And where are their frontiersto the north, the east, the south and the setting sun?to the north, the east, the south and the setting sun?

The Fate will reveal this to future generations.The Fate will reveal this to future generations.Seven inland seas and seven great riversSeven inland seas and seven great riversfrom the Nile to the Neva, from the Elbe to China,from the Nile to the Neva, from the Elbe to China,from the Volga to the Euphrates, from Ganges to the from the Volga to the Euphrates, from Ganges to the

Danube.Danube.That's the Russian Kingdom, and let it be forever,That's the Russian Kingdom, and let it be forever,just as the Spirit foretold and Daniel prophesied.just as the Spirit foretold and Daniel prophesied.

Pan-SlavismPan-SlavismPan-Slavism, an idea of unity and friendship of all Pan-Slavism, an idea of unity and friendship of all

Slavic and Orthodox Christian nations, gained Slavic and Orthodox Christian nations, gained popularity in the mid to late 19th century.popularity in the mid to late 19th century.

Pan-Slavism was fueled Pan-Slavism was fueled and, in turn, was the fuel, and, in turn, was the fuel, in Russia's numerous wars in Russia's numerous wars against Ottoman Empire against Ottoman Empire with the goal to liberate with the goal to liberate Orthodox nations, such as Orthodox nations, such as Bulgars, Serbs, and Bulgars, Serbs, and Greeks, from Muslim rule. Greeks, from Muslim rule.

Pan-Slavism contPan-Slavism cont The final goal was Constantinople, (Istanbul) the The final goal was Constantinople, (Istanbul) the

Russian Empire still considered itself the "Third Russian Empire still considered itself the "Third Rome" and saw its duty in freeing the "Second Rome" and saw its duty in freeing the "Second Rome." Rome."

Pan-Slavism had a key role in Russia's entry into Pan-Slavism had a key role in Russia's entry into World War I as well, since it is the 1914 invasion World War I as well, since it is the 1914 invasion of Serbia by Austria-Hungary that triggered of Serbia by Austria-Hungary that triggered Russia's response. Russia's response.

Decline of NationalismDecline of Nationalism As the 20th century was As the 20th century was

approaching, Russia was approaching, Russia was attempting to catch up to attempting to catch up to the Industrial Revolution. the Industrial Revolution.

The already vast gap of The already vast gap of wealth between the rich wealth between the rich elite and the mass poor elite and the mass poor had grown even more.had grown even more.

This caused patriotic This caused patriotic enthusiasm to decline. enthusiasm to decline. Never forget enlightenment.Never forget enlightenment.

The Evils of The Evils of NationalismNationalism

Two results of Russian nationalism arose: Two results of Russian nationalism arose: chauvinism and antisemitism. They were chauvinism and antisemitism. They were inspired by marginal groups like “The inspired by marginal groups like “The Black Hundred” and “Union of the Russian Black Hundred” and “Union of the Russian People”. Their motto was 'Russia for People”. Their motto was 'Russia for Russians'. Russians'.

Those parties remained monarchist and Those parties remained monarchist and anti-Semitic; they were organized by anti-Semitic; they were organized by wealthy and powerful aristocrats and wealthy and powerful aristocrats and enjoyed oversight by the Imperial enjoyed oversight by the Imperial authorities. authorities.

RevolutionRevolution

With World War I, the Empire attempted to With World War I, the Empire attempted to revive the national spirit. As the war effort revive the national spirit. As the war effort failed so did the popularity of Nicholas II. failed so did the popularity of Nicholas II. He was overthrown by the Russian He was overthrown by the Russian Revolution.Revolution.

In the subsequent civil war, the loosely In the subsequent civil war, the loosely

allied monarchist and anti-communist allied monarchist and anti-communist White Army continued to carry the banner White Army continued to carry the banner of Russian nationalism until they were of Russian nationalism until they were eliminated by the communist eliminated by the communist revolutionaries. (Red Army)revolutionaries. (Red Army)