RUSSIA

CHAPTER 16:

HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

SECTION 1:RUSSIA & THE WESTERN

REPUBLICS

SECTION 1 OVERVIEW:

• HISTORY

• ECONOMICS

• CULTURE/MODERN LIFE

HISTORY• Early Rulers:

1. Slavs2. Vikings3. Tatars (Mongol invaders)4. Czar Ivan the Great

-expanded Russia’s territory-created diversity: lang. & religions

• Russia Falls Behind:– Territory growth, but lacked science and

technology– Czar Peter the Great

• Moved capital from _______ to _________

HISTORY• and of Communism

1. Russian Revolution (Bolshevik) in 1917• Slow to industrialize/dragged into war = bad economy = angry

people

2. Lenin led Communist Party (Bolsheviks)3. Russian gvt. overthrown (end of czars)4. USSR (Soviet Union) was born5. Capital moved back to Moscow6. 1939, Joseph Stalin became leader7. WWII8. Cold War = nuclear arms race

Duck and Cover9. Gorbachev gives freedom to satellite nations10. Soviet Union collapses in 199111. Russian Federation

Economics

• Command Economy– Theory by Karl Marx– Gvt. controlled everything– Soviets created collective farms– Joseph Stalin was responsible for 14 mil. deaths– Goal:

• Industrialization• Unity• Wealth for all

– Results:• Selective industrialization• Conflict b/t people and gvt.• Wealth for a few

What do you think this is a picture of?

Culture• Ethnicity

– diverse due to expansion– Russian’s = largest

• Religion– Mostly Orthodox Christianity– Islam, Buddhism, Judaism

• Art– Art reflects Orthodox religion

• Onion-shaped domes with images of important religious figures (icons)

– Under Soviets• Socialist realism = art that promoted Communism

– Freedom after Soviet Union collapses

Culture

QUICK CHECK • RAISE YOUR HAND WHEN YOU KNOW THE

ANSWER:

– An emperor of Russia was called a • czar

– Czar Ivan the Great was known for:• Regaining control of Russia and expanding Russian territory

– Czar Peter the Great was known for:• Moving the capital to St. Petersburg to encourage

modernization

– Starvation during Soviet control was often caused by these

• Collective farms

SECTION 2:

TRANSCAUCASIA

SECTION 2 OVERVIEW

• History

• Economics

• Culture/Modern Life

History• Cultural-Crossroads

– Trade routes b/t _________ & _______• Connect Black and Caspian Seas

– Migration allowed for diversity• “Mountain of Language”• Many religions: mostly Christian or Islam

• Conflict– Many cultures = tension

• Foreign Control1. Czar rule2. USSR = famine b/c of __________ _______3. Independence = struggle

Economics• Variety of Industries

-Began with agriculture-Fruits, tea, grapes

-Georgian wine (tourism)

-USSR promoted industrialism

-Oil is most important industry

Caspian Debate for 5 countriesSea

Each country gets resources from portion of seabed they own

LakeWealth from lake is divided equally among all 5

Culture

• Education– High literacy rate due to Soviet control

• WHY?– Created skilled workers needed for industrialism

• Traditions– Georgian Supra

QUICK CHECK

• THUMBS UP FOR TRUE / THUMBS DOWN FOR FALSE:

• CULTURAL DIVERSITY IN TRANSCAUCASIA IS DUE TO TRADE ROUTES BETWEEN BLACK & CASPIAN SEAS– THUMBS UP!

SECTION 3:

CENTRAL ASIA

SECTION 3 OVERVIEW

• History

• Economics

• Culture

History• Cultural Crossroads

– Silk Road made a trade route from Med. Sea to China

– ___________ ideas, technology, and religion

Economics

• Nuclear Testing– Econ. based on nuclear industry of Soviets– Serious health issues resulted

• Oil– Caspian reserves– Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan

• Competition for profits

Culture

• Soviet Legacy– Carved 5 nations based on ethnicity– Left a large minority

• Why?– Tensions b/t groups kept them busy (ignored Soviets)

• Language & Religion– Unity is maintained by language and religion– Islam is majority– Turkish

• Many speak Russian…why?– Soviet enforced

Culture

• Nomads– Grassland lead to nomadic life, why?

• Seasons change, must migrate for food source

– Soviets forced collective farms = fewer nomads

• Yurts– Portable tents made from animal hide– Decorative interior

• Traditions– Nomadic families take in tourist to preserve

lifestyle

QUICK CHECK

• RAISE YOUR HAND WHEN YOU KNOW THE ANSWER:– What are the two unifying cultural factors?

• Religion and language

– The major points of the Silk Road were China and the ________________ _____

• Mediterranean Sea