RussiaRussia

a.a. CzarCzar – Russian name for Caesar. – Russian name for Caesar.

b.b. Ivan IIIIvan III – (the Great) ends the Mongol yoke and takes the title Czar – (the Great) ends the Mongol yoke and takes the title Czar

c.c. SlavsSlavs – ethnic people of Eastern Europe/Russia – ethnic people of Eastern Europe/Russia

d.d. VikingsVikings – Germanic tribe of Northern Europe who invaded – Germanic tribe of Northern Europe who invaded throughout Europe in the 800’s.throughout Europe in the 800’s.

e.e. MongolsMongols – Asian nomadic tribe that invaded Russia and established – Asian nomadic tribe that invaded Russia and established the world’s largest empire.the world’s largest empire.

- Genghis Khan – leader of Mongols- Genghis Khan – leader of Mongols

f.f. Yaroslav the WiseYaroslav the Wise – created Russia’s law code – created Russia’s law code

Rise of Russia

•Area inhabited by SlavsVikings arrive using river system

•Set up state based on trade & conquest around 9th Century

State founded by Rurik

Capital at Kiev

•People called Rus

Kievan RussiaKievan Russia

Kievan Rus

•“Third Rome”•Decentralized government

Divided into provinces

Constant strife between boyars and princes

•Constant threat of nomadic invasion

OriginsOrigins

• It is believed Rurik, a Viking, settled in It is believed Rurik, a Viking, settled in the city of Novgorod in 862 CEthe city of Novgorod in 862 CE

•Rurik joined the city of Novgorod and Rurik joined the city of Novgorod and Kiev to create RussiaKiev to create Russia

•Kiev became the major trading cityKiev became the major trading city

The Founders of KievThe Founders of Kiev

Three Brothers: Kyi, Schek, and Khoryv Кий, Щек, Хорив

KievKiev

• Kiev becomes a major trade center Kiev becomes a major trade center and eventually adopts Orthodox and eventually adopts Orthodox __________ under the rule of Vladimir I __________ under the rule of Vladimir I around 980. around 980.

•Orthodox Christianity was selected Orthodox Christianity was selected because of ties to ____________ which because of ties to ____________ which includes trade and the belief that the includes trade and the belief that the Emperor was head of the church as Emperor was head of the church as well.well.

Christianity

Constantinople

Russia & Christianity

•Prince Vladimir converted in 989 CE

-Converted for trade, commercial reasons

•Elites baptized by order of prince, often against will

•Missionary – St. CyrilFamous Russian onion domes

St. Cyril and the Cyrillic Alphabet

St. Sophia Church in NovgorodSt. Sophia Church in Novgorod

Kiev ExpandsKiev Expands

Because of its close ties to the Because of its close ties to the ____________ Empire, Kiev grew in ____________ Empire, Kiev grew in prominence and was considered an prominence and was considered an ally and __________ of Constantinople. ally and __________ of Constantinople. The _______ of Constantinople sent The _______ of Constantinople sent teachers to spread the faith and teachers to spread the faith and _______ the masses. Kiev became the _______ the masses. Kiev became the first unified state in Russia.first unified state in Russia.

Byzantine

protectorate

Patriarch

educate

Yaroslav the WiseYaroslav the Wise

United the former kingdom of United the former kingdom of ___________ with Kiev to expand his ___________ with Kiev to expand his EmpireEmpire

Created Russia’s first _____ _______, Created Russia’s first _____ _______, the the Russkaya PravdaRusskaya Pravda, to bring , to bring about unity.about unity.

Attacked Constantinople in 1043 Attacked Constantinople in 1043 unsuccessfullyunsuccessfully

Ruled Kiev _____ to 1054Ruled Kiev _____ to 1054

Novgorod

LawCode

1019

Yaroslav I - the Wise

Reading the Russkaya Pravda in Kiev

Kiev FallsKiev Falls

The Kievan king, __________ dies in The Kievan king, __________ dies in 1054 leaving his kingdom to multiple 1054 leaving his kingdom to multiple heirs. This resulted in the fracturing of heirs. This resulted in the fracturing of the ________ ______ into multiple the ________ ______ into multiple principalities: a region controlled by a principalities: a region controlled by a _________. This would weaken the _________. This would weaken the Russians just as a fierce threat Russians just as a fierce threat emerged, the ____________. emerged, the ____________.

Yaroslav

Kievan Rus

prince

Mongols

Mongol InvasionMongol InvasionThe Tatar Yoke (1237 – 1480)The Tatar Yoke (1237 – 1480)

Mongols invade and take over KievMongols invade and take over Kiev

Russian princes collect tribute and pay it Russian princes collect tribute and pay it to the Mongols as a from of homage.to the Mongols as a from of homage.

Ivan IIvan I(Moneybags)(Moneybags)

The Mongols helped _______ Russia by The Mongols helped _______ Russia by forcing the Princes to submit to their forcing the Princes to submit to their puppet ruler.puppet ruler.

Ivan I, from the city of ________, was Ivan I, from the city of ________, was appointed as the Mongol emissary.appointed as the Mongol emissary.

He collected _________ and paid it to the He collected _________ and paid it to the Mongols after keeping a share for himself.Mongols after keeping a share for himself.

He invested in ________, modernizing the He invested in ________, modernizing the city.city.

unite

Moscow

tribute

Moscow

Moscow under Ivan IMoscow under Ivan I

Ivan I Ivan I

Ivan III (The Great)Ivan III (The Great)1462 - 15051462 - 1505

Took the title “Grand Duke of all the Took the title “Grand Duke of all the Russians”Russians”

Claimed Russia was the _______ Claimed Russia was the _______ ________. ________.

Ended the Tatar Yoke in 1480Ended the Tatar Yoke in 1480Took the title ________, Russian for Took the title ________, Russian for

Caesar.Caesar.Made a new law codeMade a new law codeCreated the noble class - _________Created the noble class - _________

ThirdRome

Tsar

Boyars

The Palace of Facets Commissioned by Ivan III

Ivan III rejects the Tatars request for Tribute

Ivan IVIvan IV(Ivan the Terrible: 1533 – 1547)(Ivan the Terrible: 1533 – 1547)

Had St. Basil’s constructed in Had St. Basil’s constructed in _________._________.

His wife, Anastasia Romanovna, died His wife, Anastasia Romanovna, died early – possibly murdered by the early – possibly murdered by the __________.__________.

Accidentally killed his son in a fight.Accidentally killed his son in a fight.Created the Created the OprichninaOprichnina system as a system as a

way to “get back” at the boyars.way to “get back” at the boyars.

Moscow

Boyars

OprichninaOprichnina

Direct control over the nobles by:Direct control over the nobles by:– Arranging all ____________.Arranging all ____________.– Could strip a boyar of their title.Could strip a boyar of their title.– Ruling with the first ________ police.Ruling with the first ________ police.

The Oprichniki: a ________ squad.Killed as many as 60,000 in the Massacre of ______________.

marriages

secret

death

Novgorod

Ivan the Terrible

Ivan the Terrible at the deathbed of his first and most-beloved wife, Anastasia Romanovna. Ivan married 7 times, sometimes divorcing a wife a week after the marriage.

Ivan the Terrible killing his son by Ilya Repin

Ivan seeks repentance for the murder of his son

The MongolsThe Mongols

Temujin, a Mongol chieftan united many Mongolian tribes and would takethe title “Ghengis Khan” or UniversalRuler.

Regions conquered by Ghengis wouldbecome “provinces” that were referred toas “Khanate”… or kingdoms.

TACTICS:Mongols used FEAR to conquer enemies.They used the technique of “false retreat”They are superior horsemen.

Modern Day MongoliaModern Day Mongolia

Kublai KhanKublai Khan Ghengis Khan’s Ghengis Khan’s

GrandsonGrandson Founded the Yuan Founded the Yuan

Dynasty in ChinaDynasty in China Conquered most of Conquered most of

ChinaChina Met with Marco Polo, Met with Marco Polo,

according to legendaccording to legend

Mongols Crash Course

Marco PoloMarco Polo An Italian (Venetian)An Italian (Venetian) Father was a trader who sat up business in Father was a trader who sat up business in

Constantinople, which was burned in 1206 Constantinople, which was burned in 1206 forcing them to fleeforcing them to flee

Resided in what would become the Mongol Resided in what would become the Mongol “Ilkhanate”“Ilkhanate”

They (and Marco) became ambassadors for They (and Marco) became ambassadors for the Khans and since they spoke Latin, were the Khans and since they spoke Latin, were sent as emissaries to Pope Gregory Xsent as emissaries to Pope Gregory X

1274 Marco Polo (then 17 years old) began 1274 Marco Polo (then 17 years old) began his journey as a mediator between the Pope his journey as a mediator between the Pope and the Great Khanand the Great Khan

The F

ra M

auro

Map

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Crash Course