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RURAL WATER AND SANITATION, KENYA IWRM WORKSHOP 19TH MAY, 2009

Rural Water &Sanitation

By: Eng. David Njue - Investments Manager(WSTF)

DEFINITION

• Rural areas are large and isolated areas of a country• Often with low population • It is estimated that the population of Kenya is approximately

35 million. Out of this population, 70% (or 24.5 million) live in the rural areas and 30% (or 10.5 million) live in urban areas

• 75% in USA• Urban area is an area with high density• May be cities, towns • Not including markets

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Water supply in the rural setting• according to national water services strategy (nwss) 2007-2015 the goal is to reach at least 50% of the under served-MDG

and move to all by 2030.• Indicators:-• Inventory protection and conservation plan by 20008• 2008 onwards to have sanitation and hygiene component.• Sustainable projects• Meeting of O&M COST• Project to be implemented to follow CPC process• The challenges are many but can be tackle.• Different technologies• Small un coordinated scheme• Poor quality water source• High illiteracy level.• Lack of financial support• Pumped schemes• Lack of spare parts and artisans• Poor governance• Lack of O&M

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Rural water and sanitation coverage in kenya

• According to Kenya integrated household survey Only 57% overall is covered by water and sanitation services

• 60% Urban• 40% rural setting• mostly community schemes• Point sources include:• Shallow wells, springs protections, boreholes, pans, earth

dams, small piped waters schemes

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Water sector reforms-why?• The reforms are driven by the National Water Policy on Water Resources

Management and Development (1999) and supported by the new Water Act 2002.• To tackle institutional and operational weakness.• Roles of sector player well define• Increase sector funding• Improve technology choice• Improve sector coordination• Improve infrastructure development.• MDG goal 2. to ensure environmental sustainability halving the under served by

2015• Creation of sector institutions• Benefits of the reforms to RWSS• increased investment and ownership for sustainable RWSS• Improved quality of water sources• Sustainability of water sources• Enforcement of standards• Increase stakeholders awareness

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Challenges facing the RWSS IN KENYA

• In Kenya the WSS situation is poor for a majority of the people with sustainable access to safe water being estimated at around 60% in the urban setting and drops to as low as 20% in the settlements of the urban poor where half of the urban population lives. Sustainable access to safe water in the rural setting is estimated at 40%. Sanitation coverage country wide is about 50%.

• In order to respond to the above challenges, the Government

through the MWI has commenced water sector reform provided for in the Water Act 2002 by setting up and operationalizing new water sector institutions.

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Current situation of rural water and sanitation in kenya

• The Water Services Sub-sector is in the process of finalizing the National Water Service Strategy whose overall goal has been set as to ensure sustainable access to safe water and basic sanitation to all Kenyans. The Strategy sets the goal for Rural Water Supply and Sanitation as follows:

• Reaching at least 50% of the underserved in rural areas with safe and affordable water by 2015 (MDG) and thereafter move to sustainable access for all by 2030

• Increasing access to basic sanitation from 45% to 72.5% in the rural setting by 2015.

The NWSS strategy sets the targets at reaching at least 50% of the underserved in rural areas with safe and affordable water by 2015 and thereafter move to sustainable access for all by 2030.

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EXPERIENCE FROM OTHER COUNTRIES

• In Ethiopia the RWS coverage is low averaging 27%

• Need a total investment of 25 billion us dollar to reach the MDG

• Bangladesh over 115 million live in rural areas.• Water coverage 72%

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INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK UNDER WATER ACT 2002

WSTF ROLE IN PROVISION OF WATER IN RURAL AREAS.

• The Water Services Sub-sector is in the process of finalizing the National Water Service Strategy whose overall goal has been set as to ensure sustainable access to safe water and basic sanitation to all Kenyans. The Strategy sets the goal for Rural Water Supply and Sanitation as follows:

• Reaching at least 50% of the underserved in rural areas with safe and affordable water by 2015 (MDG) and thereafter move to sustainable access for all by 2030

• Increasing access to basic sanitation from 45% to 72.5% in the rural setting by 2015.

. The NWSS strategy sets the targets at reaching at least 50% of the underserved in rural areas with safe and affordable water by 2015 and thereafter move to sustainable access for all by 2030.

• WSBs are responsible for the provision of water and sanitation services in their

areas of jurisdiction, whether urban or rural. WSTF’s mandate, on the other hand, is to provide financing for investments in water and sanitation for the poor and marginalized – in rural and urban areas of Kenya.

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Mandate:

• To assist in financing the provision of water services to areas of Kenya without adequate water services

• Established under the water act 2002, and became operational in March 2005.

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Vision

To be a dynamic and innovative leader nationally and in Africa in the financing of the water sector

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Mission• To provide financial support for improved access to

Water & Sanitation in areas without adequate services

• HOW? Effective Resource Mobilization & Utilization

• FROM? Government of Kenya Development Partners Private Sector

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Core Values Accountability, transparency and good

governance Teamwork, equity and fairness Honesty and integrity Customer focus Life-work-balance

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Strategic Objectives1. To mobilize resources nationally and internationally to enhance

provision of water services.

2. To develop and apply systems that ensure proper targeting, financing, implementation and sustainability of water and sanitation projects.

3. To establish and nurture partnerships with stakeholders.

4. To continuously strengthen the WSTF institutional capacity and enhance staff skills to ensure effective and efficient service delivery.

5. To facilitate capacity building of agents to deliver on the provision of water services.

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FUNDING WINDOWS

Rural (CPC, OBA, UNICEF WASH)

Urban(UPC)

Water resources(WDC)

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FUNDING MECHANISMS/WINDOWS

• Community Project Cycle (CPC)• Urban projects concept (UPC)• WRUAs Development Cycle (WDC)• Out Based Aid (OBA)• UNICEF WASH program

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The Community Project Cycle (CPC)

Targeting (tenets of cpc)

Poverty Targeting

Community Participation

Sustainability

Gender Mainstreaming

Governance

Accountability and Transparency

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OBA• Out-Put Based Aid (OBA) is a funding window designed and

piloted by Water and Sanitation Programme (WSP) World Bank .

• An approach to leverage co-financing from a private commercial micro-finance Bank – K-Rep Bank.

• The objective of the programme is to increase funding predictability of sustainable water systems owned and managed by Community Based Organizations (CBO’s) referred to as Community Water Projects (CWP’s).

• CWPs will access loans which will be subsidized after good performance

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UNICEF

A collaboration between Government of Netherlands, GoK, UNICEF and WSTF.

5 years (2008 – 2009) implementation through the MoWI, public health and education

Target districts ASAL and semi ASAL districts with poor access to water: Mandera, Wajir,

Garissa, Ijara, Tana River, Isiolo, Marsabit, West Pokot, Turkana, Mwingi, Kwale, Kajiado, Kieni and Kitui.

Flood Prone districts: Kisumu, Nyando, Bondo, Busia, Siaya and Rachuonyo

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UNICEF Cont’

The programme components and expected Outputs are: Development of new water sources: to reach 1.3 million new users Rehabilitation of existing water systems: To reach 310,000 people Household sanitation: To reach 1.65 new users Hygiene education: To reach 1.95 new practitioners School water and sanitation: To reach 473,000 school children in 789

schools Health centre WES: 90 health facilities

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Urban Project Concept (UPC)

This is an urban programme for funding WATSAN in low income urban areas through low cost innovative technologies e.g. kiosks and onsite public Sanitation.Donors EU,KFW,GTZ, and GOK

Objective; Targeting Urban Poor Increase Coverage Urban Poor Improve Urban Sanitation Facilities Reduce Unaccountable for Water Project to be Operated by Legal Entity

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WDC : WRUA (Water Resources User’s Association) Development Cycle (WDC

This window address issues on water resources management.

Project proposals are developed by WRUA’s (facilitated by WRMA Regional offices) then submitted to WSTF for appraisal and funding consideration. Donor SIDA

Objectives: Improve on Catchment Management/protection Increase Water flows in the water Catchment areas Mitigate on floods and drought Reduce water conflict by users

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Arrangement for pro-poor rural and urban investments

Big Investments realized directly by WSBs

Water Services Boards Financing

Contract

WSTF

- Capacity Building

- Monitoring and Evaluation

through Pool of Consultants, NGOs

Implementing body

CPCCommunity Project Cycle:

- point sources - small systemsFunds: € 20 Mio SIDA, DANIDA

UPC URBAN POOR CONCEPT:

- Water kiosks - Basic sanitation (public & private)

Funds: € KfW 5,5 Mio; EU 10,375 Mio

(Cofinanced by KfW and GTZ)

ruralurban

€WSP/

Community/WRUAs

WRMA

WDCEuro 500,Million

SIDACatchment Protection

and Improvement

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Funds Received

  Donor Duration Start Date Amount Received Window

1Kenya Water and Sanitation Programme 5 2004 1,600,000,000 1,000,000,000 CPC

2 GTZ   2007 20,000,000 20,000,000 UPC

3 African Development Bank 4 2007 250,000,000 56,000,000 CPC

4 European Union 4 2008 1,000,000,000 - UPC

5 KfW 3 2009 550,000,000 - UPC

6 Sida (WDC) 2 2008 500,000,000 150,000,000 WDC

7 UNICEF 5  2009 400,000,000 - WASH

8 UN - Habitat  3 2009 40,000,000 - UPC

9 WSP  1 2009 40,000,000 8,000,000 OBA

11 GOK Continuous 2004 420,000,000 420,000,000, All

   Total     4,820,000,000 1,634,000,000  

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FUNDED PROJECTS SINCE 2004Window No . Of projects

fundedWSTF contribution

Total population to be served

Population benefiting

NON-CPC 107 853,270,870 800,667 640,534

CPC 125 850,626,512(committed)

714,159 100,000

UPC 3 11,000,000 19,000 14,000

WDC 11 6,640,847 N/A Training Funds

OBA PILOT(K-RE) Nil 4,000 4,000

UNICEF NON Nil Target 1.3M New users & 0.31M Rehabilitated

TOTAL 1,721,538,229 Approx.3M 758,534

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The Gap

Target Area No. of ProjectsWSTF Target Population

Investment Requested in Billions

Rural Projects605 (Including OBA,

UNICEF) 2.3 5.6

Urban Projects 160  1.65 1.64

Water Resources 362 2.53 2.65

 TOTAL  1,127 6.48  9.89

In the next five years WSTF intends to reach a target population 6.47million

WSTF will need 9.89 billions to implement the projects to meet the MDGs and Vision 2030 with other partners.

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WAYFORWARD Harmonization of procedures Periodic review of our systems Continuous monitoring and Evaluation of projects Regular Auditing of our Systems Effective and efficient communication with all our

stakeholders

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